CN109856026B - Device and method for testing water permeability coefficient of water permeable material - Google Patents
Device and method for testing water permeability coefficient of water permeable material Download PDFInfo
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- CN109856026B CN109856026B CN201811360546.2A CN201811360546A CN109856026B CN 109856026 B CN109856026 B CN 109856026B CN 201811360546 A CN201811360546 A CN 201811360546A CN 109856026 B CN109856026 B CN 109856026B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for testing the water permeability coefficient of a water permeable material, and belongs to the technical field of instrument detection. The device comprises a water storage tank, a water inlet pipe, a water inlet hole, a pressure pump, an adjusting meter, an overflow groove, a water permeable column, a pressure stabilizing hole, a water baffle, a water permeable tank, a water permeable hole, a detection column and a detection pipe. The testing method comprises the steps of placing a test block at the bottom of the water permeable tank, and covering a water baffle on the upper surface of the water permeable tank; screwing the bolt and the nut; inputting water in the water storage tank into the water permeable column through the overflow groove; opening a pressure stabilizing hole which is closest to the horizontal plane below the horizontal plane, wherein water below the pressure stabilizing hole flows into the test block, and the water flowing through the test block flows into the detection column through the water permeable hole and then is conveyed into the detection pipe; reading the water outlet flow Q and the temperature T in the detection pipe; according to the formula
And calculating the water permeability coefficient of the block to be tested, wherein A is the cross sectional area of the detection column, and H is the height of the water permeable column below the pressure stabilizing hole. The device can simply and accurately measure the permeability coefficient of the permeable material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of instrument detection, and particularly relates to a device and a method for simply and conveniently testing the water permeability coefficient of a water permeable material.
Background
With the pace of modern construction speeding up, natural pavements are gradually replaced by impervious pavements in order to ensure the flatness and hardness of buildings, bringing about a series of 'urban diseases': changing the water system pattern, frequently causing urban inland inundation, and commanding water safety to risk; the pollution discharge exceeds the bearing capacity of the water environment, and the water ecology is deteriorated; the relation between the rainwater runoff and the underground water is cracked, the rainwater cannot supplement the underground water, the water circulation is damaged, and the water resource shortage is aggravated. In recent years, the rise of construction hot tide of sponge cities, the substitution of permeable paving materials is rapidly developed, the permeable paving materials are widely applied to replace the traditional paving materials, and the permeable paving materials have important significance for balancing urban water environment and maintaining water ecology.
In the process of researching, manufacturing and using the water permeable material, the water permeability coefficient is an important index for reflecting the water permeability of the water permeable material, and the measurement is mainly carried out by referring to a method in water permeable pavement bricks and water permeable pavement slabs (GB/T25993-2010). According to the measuring method, the periphery of the test block needs to be sealed, so that the test block is watertight, the operation is complicated, the measurement error can be caused due to improper sealing, and equipment pollution is easily caused. The existing part of methods use one-step forming equipment, but only aim at the water permeable material with single specification and fixed size, and require the test block to be a standard test block, so the application range is limited; although patent CN 107991211A can test the permeability coefficient of irregular test block, it needs to process the test block into standard shape, which is time-consuming and labor-consuming and has poor operability.
In summary, it is necessary to develop a simple operation testing method and device for the difficulty in testing the water permeability coefficient of water permeable materials of different sizes and specifications.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the technical problems that the testing device for the water permeability coefficient of the water permeable material in the prior art is complex in testing method for irregular test blocks, low in testing accuracy, long in testing time and the like.
According to a first aspect of the invention, a device for testing the water permeability coefficient of a water permeable material is provided, which comprises a water storage tank, a water inlet pipe, a pressure pump, a regulator, a water inlet hole, an overflow groove, a water permeable column, a pressure stabilizing hole, a water baffle, a water permeable tank, a water permeable hole, a detection column and a detection pipe; the water inlet pipe is used for pressurizing water in the water storage tank through a pressurizing pump and regulating the flow through a regulator and then inputting the water into the overflow trough through a water inlet hole; the bottom of the overflow groove surrounds the outer wall of the water permeable column, and the overflow groove is used for uniformly inputting water higher than the upper surface of the water permeable column into the water permeable column; the water permeable column is of a hollow cylinder structure up and down and is used for conveying water to the block to be tested; the pressure stabilizing holes are arranged on the outer side of the water permeable column in parallel and are used for controlling the height of the water level in the water permeable column; the water baffle surrounds the outer wall of the water permeable column and is tightly pressed with the block to be tested; the water permeable tank is positioned at the lower end of the water permeable column, and the water baffle is not sealed with the side wall of the water permeable tank or is in sealing connection with the side wall of the water permeable tank through a sealing element; the water baffle is connected with the bottom of the water permeable tank through bolts and nuts; the water permeable hole is positioned on the lower surface of the water permeable tank, the detection column is positioned at the lower end of the water permeable hole, the water permeable tank is used for bearing the block to be tested and is tightly pressed with the block to be tested, and the water permeable hole is used for conveying water flowing through the block to be tested to the detection column; the cross sectional area of the detection column is smaller than or equal to that of the water permeable column; the detection tube is connected with the detection column, and a flow sensor and a temperature sensor are arranged in the detection tube.
Preferably, the side walls of the water baffle and the water permeable tank are both fixed with rubber layers, and the water baffle and the water permeable tank are connected in a sealing mode through the rubber layers.
Preferably, the lower surface of the water baffle and the bottom of the water permeable tank are both fixed with rubber layers, and the lower surface of the water baffle and the bottom of the water permeable tank are tightly pressed with the to-be-tested block through the rubber layers.
Preferably, the distance between the bottom of the overflow groove and the upper surface of the water permeable column is 3cm-10 cm.
According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided the use of any one of the apparatus for testing the water permeability coefficient of a water permeable material.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for testing the water permeability coefficient of a water permeable material by any one of the devices, comprising the steps of:
(1) cutting and flattening the upper and lower surfaces of the to-be-tested block with uneven thickness to obtain a test block with uniform thickness, or directly using the to-be-tested block with uniform thickness as the test block; measuring the thickness L of the test block1(ii) a Placing the test block at the bottom of the water permeable tank, covering a water baffle on the upper surface of the test block, and tightly pressing the test block, the water baffle and the water permeable tank by screwing the bolt and the nut; reading the thickness L of the test block through the scale on the bolt2(ii) a The upper surface of the test block completely covers the bottom hole of the water permeable column; the lower surface of the test block completely covers the water permeable holes;
(2) turning on a pressure pump, and adjusting an adjusting meter to enable water in the water storage tank to enter the overflow tank through the water inlet pipe and the water inlet hole; the water higher than the upper surface of the water permeable column in the overflow groove is uniformly input into the water permeable column;
(3) after the water surface in the water permeable column is stable, opening a pressure stabilizing hole which is closest to the water surface below the water surface, wherein water in the water permeable column above the pressure stabilizing hole flows into the water storage tank, water in the water permeable column below the pressure stabilizing hole flows into the test block, and water flowing through the test block flows into the detection column through the water permeable hole; water in the detection column is conveyed into a detection tube; reading the water outlet flow Q on a flow sensor in the detection pipe and the temperature T on a temperature sensor;
(4) according to the formula
When the temperature is T, calculating the water permeability coefficient of the block to be tested, wherein Q is the step (3)The water outlet flow rate L is the thickness L of the test block in the step (1)1Or L2And A is the cross sectional area of the detection column, and H is the height of the water permeable column below the pressure stabilizing hole in the step (3).
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for testing the water permeability coefficient of a water permeable material at a standard temperature by any one of the devices, comprising the steps of:
(1) cutting and flattening the upper and lower surfaces of the to-be-tested block with uneven thickness to obtain a test block with uniform thickness, or directly using the to-be-tested block with uniform thickness as the test block; measuring the thickness L of the test block1(ii) a Placing the test block at the bottom of the water permeable tank, covering a water baffle on the upper surface of the test block, and tightly pressing the test block, the water baffle and the water permeable tank by screwing the bolt and the nut; reading the thickness L of the test block through the scale on the bolt2(ii) a The upper surface of the test block completely covers the bottom hole of the water permeable column; the lower surface of the test block completely covers the water permeable holes;
(2) turning on a pressure pump, and adjusting an adjusting meter to enable water in the water storage tank to enter the overflow tank through the water inlet pipe and the water inlet hole; the water higher than the upper surface of the water permeable column in the overflow groove is uniformly input into the water permeable column;
(3) after the water surface in the water permeable column is stable, opening a pressure stabilizing hole which is closest to the water surface below the water surface, wherein water in the water permeable column above the pressure stabilizing hole flows into the water storage tank, water in the water permeable column below the pressure stabilizing hole flows into the test block, and water flowing through the test block flows into the detection column through the water permeable hole; water in the detection column is conveyed into a detection tube; reading the water outlet flow Q on a flow sensor in the detection pipe and the temperature T on a temperature sensor;
(4) according to the formula
When the temperature is T, calculating the water permeability coefficient of the block to be tested, wherein Q is the water outlet flow in the step (3), and L is the thickness L of the test block in the step (1)1Or L2A is the cross-sectional area of the detection column, H isThe height of the water permeable column below the pressure stabilizing hole in the step (3);
(5) according to the formula
calculating the water permeability coefficient of the block to be tested at the standard temperature, wherein ηTis the viscosity coefficient, eta, of the block to be tested at a temperature of T15Is the viscosity coefficient, k, of the block to be tested at a temperature of 15 DEG CTAnd (4) determining the water permeability coefficient of the block to be tested when the temperature is T.
Generally, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution conceived by the present invention mainly has the following technical advantages:
(1) the measuring method adopts a unified device, does not need to use materials such as plasticine, oil wax and the like to carry out sealing treatment on the device, has simple experiment operation, no pollution, small influence on a test block, can be repeatedly carried out, has stable water inlet and stable water level height in the experiment process, reduces operation errors, and can simply and accurately measure the water permeability coefficient of the water permeable material.
(2) The invention provides a test method and a device for simply and conveniently detecting the water permeability coefficient of a water permeable material, wherein the water permeable test blocks with different heights and sizes can be detected by adjusting the position of a water baffle according to the height of the test block; for irregular test blocks, the upper plane and the lower plane can be detected after being cut orderly, the regular test blocks do not need to be manufactured, the test time is saved, and the test accuracy is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the apparatus for measuring water permeability coefficient of water permeable material according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a top view of a water permeable column in the apparatus for testing water permeability coefficient of water permeable material of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a top view of a water permeable tank in the apparatus for testing water permeability coefficient of water permeable material of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a partial view of the connection between the water baffle and the water permeable tank in the device for testing the water permeability coefficient of the water permeable material.
In all the drawings, the same reference numerals denote the same components, wherein 1-a water storage tank, 2-a water inlet pipe, 3-a pressure pump, 4-a regulator, 5-an overflow tank, 6-a water permeable column, 7-a pressure stabilizing hole, 8-a water baffle, 9-a water permeable tank, 10-a water permeable hole, 11-a detection column, 12-a detection pipe, 13-a rubber layer, 14-a bolt, 15-a nut and 16-a water inlet hole.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Example 1
A device for testing the water permeability coefficient of a permeable material comprises a water storage tank 1, a water inlet pipe 2, a pressure pump 3, a regulator 4, a water inlet hole 16, an overflow groove 5, a permeable column 6, a pressure stabilizing hole 7, a water baffle 8, a permeable tank 9, a permeable hole 10, a detection column 11 and a detection pipe 12; the water inlet pipe 2 is used for pressurizing water in the water storage tank 1 through a pressurizing pump 3, regulating the flow through a regulator 4 and inputting the water into the overflow trough 5 through a water inlet hole 16; the bottom of the overflow groove 5 surrounds the outer wall of the water permeable column 6, and the overflow groove 5 is used for uniformly inputting water higher than the upper surface of the water permeable column 6 into the water permeable column 6; the water permeable column 6 is of a hollow cylinder structure, and the water permeable column 6 is used for conveying water to a block to be tested; the pressure stabilizing holes 7 are arranged on the outer side of the water permeable column 6 in parallel, and the pressure stabilizing holes 7 are used for controlling the height of the water level in the water permeable column 6; the water baffle 8 surrounds the outer wall of the water permeable column 6, and the water baffle 8 is used for tightly pressing with the block to be tested; the water permeable tank 9 is positioned at the lower end of the water permeable column 6, and the water baffle 8 is not sealed with the side wall of the water permeable tank 9 or is in sealing connection with the side wall of the water permeable tank 9 through a sealing element; the water baffle 8 is connected with the bottom of the water permeable tank 9 through a bolt 14 and a nut 15; the water permeable hole 10 is positioned on the lower surface of the water permeable tank 9, the detection column 11 is positioned at the lower end of the water permeable hole 10, the water permeable tank 9 is used for bearing the block to be tested and is tightly pressed with the block to be tested, and the water permeable hole 10 is used for conveying water flowing through the block to be tested to the detection column 11; the cross sectional area of the detection column 11 is smaller than or equal to that of the water permeable column 6; the detection tube 12 is connected with the detection column 11, and a flow sensor and a temperature sensor are arranged in the detection tube 12.
The water storage tank 1 is made of a plastic PP material, and the water inlet pipe 2 is made of a rubber hose material.
The water permeable column 6 is made of organic glass. The inner diameter of the water inlet hole 16 is 0.5cm, and the wall thickness is 0.5 cm; the water permeable column 6 is a cylinder with the diameter of 20cm, the height of the water permeable column is 25cm, scales are marked on the outer side of the water permeable column, a pressure stabilizing hole 7 is arranged every 5cm, the inner diameter of each pressure stabilizing hole 7 is 0.5cm, and the wall thickness of each pressure stabilizing hole is 0.5 cm; connecting a rubber hose and clamping the rubber hose by a spring clamp; the distance from the bottom of the overflow groove 5 to the upper surface of the water permeable column 6 is 3cm, and the overflow groove 5 is a cylinder with the diameter of 25cm, the wall thickness of 0.5cm and the height of 5 cm; the water baffle 8 is a circular ring with the inner diameter of 20cm and the outer diameter of 35cm and is divided into two layers, the upper layer is made of rubber materials, and the lower layer is made of rubber materials; the side surface of the water baffle 8 is a cylinder with the inner diameter of 35cm, the wall thickness of 0.5cm and the height of 10cm, the single-layer rubber material is used, and a positioning nut is screwed after a test block is placed to achieve the sealing effect;
the bottom of the water permeable tank 9 is a ring with the inner diameter of 20cm and the outer diameter of 35cm, the water permeable tank is divided into two layers, the lower layer is made of organic glass, the upper layer is made of rubber material, the side plate of the water permeable tank 9 is a cylinder with the inner diameter of 35cm and the wall thickness of 0.5cm, the height of the cylinder is 10cm, the two layers are divided, the outer side is made of organic glass, the inner side is made of rubber material, and the sealing effect can be achieved;
and the side walls of the water baffle 8 and the water permeable tank 9 are both fixed with rubber layers 13 which are hermetically connected through the rubber layers 13. The lower surface of the water baffle 8 and the bottom of the water permeable tank 9 are both fixed with a rubber layer 13, and are tightly pressed with the blocks to be tested through the rubber layer 13. The upper surface of the water baffle 8 and the bottom of the water permeable tank are both fixed with nuts 15, 6 nuts are uniformly arranged in a surrounding manner to form a circle with the diameter of 30cm, and the water baffle 8 is fixedly connected with the bottom of the water permeable tank 9 through bolts 14 and nuts 15.
Further, the diameter of the detection column 11 is the same as that of the water permeable hole 10, the inner diameter is 20cm, the height is 3cm, the bottom is sealed, a detection tube 12 is arranged at the position, 1cm away from the bottom, of the side surface in a punching mode, the inner diameter of the detection tube 12 is 1cm, water penetrating through the test block can read the temperature T through a temperature sensor in the detection tube 12, and the flow Q through a flow sensor.
The device for testing the water permeability coefficient of the water permeable material can be used for measuring the water permeable materials such as water permeable bricks, water permeable concrete and the like with the plane size of less than 30cm and more than 20cm and the thickness of 1-10 cm.
Example 2
A device for testing the water permeability coefficient of a permeable material comprises a water storage tank 1, a water inlet pipe 2, a pressure pump 3, a regulator 4, a water inlet hole 16, an overflow groove 5, a permeable column 6, a pressure stabilizing hole 7, a water baffle 8, a permeable tank 9, a permeable hole 10, a detection column 11 and a detection pipe 12; the water inlet pipe 2 is used for pressurizing water in the water storage tank 1 through a pressurizing pump 3, regulating the flow through a regulator 4 and inputting the water into the overflow trough 5 through a water inlet hole 16; the bottom of the overflow groove 5 surrounds the outer wall of the water permeable column 6, and the overflow groove 5 is used for uniformly inputting water higher than the upper surface of the water permeable column 6 into the water permeable column 6; the water permeable column 6 is of a hollow cylinder structure, and the water permeable column 6 is used for conveying water to a block to be tested; the pressure stabilizing holes 7 are arranged on the outer side of the water permeable column 6 in parallel, and the pressure stabilizing holes 7 are used for controlling the height of the water level in the water permeable column 6; the water baffle 8 surrounds the outer wall of the water permeable column 6, and the water baffle 8 is used for tightly pressing with the block to be tested; the water permeable tank 9 is positioned at the lower end of the water permeable column 6, and the water baffle 8 is not sealed with the side wall of the water permeable tank 9 or is in sealing connection with the side wall of the water permeable tank 9 through a sealing element; the water baffle 8 is connected with the bottom of the water permeable tank 9 through a bolt 14 and a nut 15; the water permeable hole 10 is positioned on the lower surface of the water permeable tank 9, the detection column 11 is positioned at the lower end of the water permeable hole 10, the water permeable tank 9 is used for bearing the block to be tested and is tightly pressed with the block to be tested, and the water permeable hole 10 is used for conveying water flowing through the block to be tested to the detection column 11; the cross sectional area of the detection column 11 is smaller than or equal to that of the water permeable column 6; the detection tube 12 is connected with the detection column 11, and a flow sensor and a temperature sensor are arranged in the detection tube 12.
The water storage tank 1 is made of a plastic PP material, and the water inlet pipe 2 is made of a rubber hose material.
The water permeable column 6 is made of organic glass. The inner diameter of the water inlet hole 16 is 0.5cm, and the wall thickness is 0.5 cm; the water permeable column 6 is a cylinder with the diameter of 30cm, the height of the water permeable column is 25cm, scales are marked on the outer side of the water permeable column, a pressure stabilizing hole 7 is arranged every 5cm, the inner diameter of each pressure stabilizing hole 7 is 0.5cm, and the wall thickness of each pressure stabilizing hole is 0.5 cm; connecting a rubber hose and clamping the rubber hose by a spring clamp; the distance from the bottom of the overflow groove 5 to the upper surface of the water permeable column 6 is 3cm, and the overflow groove 5 is a cylinder with the inner diameter of 35cm, the wall thickness of 0.5cm and the height of 5 cm; the water baffle 8 is a ring with the inner diameter of 30cm and the outer diameter of 35cm and is divided into two layers, wherein the upper layer is made of rubber materials, and the lower layer is made of rubber materials; the side surface of the water baffle 8 is a cylinder with the inner diameter of 35cm, the wall thickness of 0.5cm and the height of 10cm, the single-layer rubber material is used, and a positioning nut is screwed after a test block is placed to achieve the sealing effect;
the bottom of the water permeable tank 9 is a ring with the inner diameter of 10cm and the outer diameter of 35cm, the water permeable tank is divided into two layers, the lower layer is made of organic glass, the upper layer is made of rubber material, the side plate of the water permeable tank 9 is a cylinder with the inner diameter of 35cm and the wall thickness of 0.5cm, the height of the cylinder is 10cm, the two layers are divided, the outer side is made of organic glass, the inner side is made of rubber material, and the sealing effect can be achieved;
and the side walls of the water baffle 8 and the water permeable tank 9 are both fixed with rubber layers 13 which are hermetically connected through the rubber layers 13. The lower surface of the water baffle 8 and the bottom of the water permeable tank 9 are both fixed with a rubber layer 13, and are tightly pressed with the blocks to be tested through the rubber layer 13. The upper surface of the water baffle 8 and the bottom of the water permeable tank are both fixed with nuts 15, 9 nuts are uniformly arranged in a surrounding manner to form a circle with the diameter of 30cm, and the water baffle 8 is fixedly connected with the bottom of the water permeable tank 9 through bolts 14 and nuts 15.
Further, the diameter of the detection column 11 is the same as that of the water permeable hole 10, the inner diameter is 10cm, the height is 3cm, the bottom is sealed, a detection tube 12 is arranged at the position, 1cm away from the bottom, of the side surface in a punching mode, the inner diameter of the detection tube 12 is 1cm, the temperature T can be read through a temperature sensor in the detection tube 12 by water penetrating through the test block, and the flow Q is read through a flow sensor.
The device for testing the water permeability coefficient of the water permeable material can be used for measuring the water permeable materials such as water permeable bricks, water permeable concrete and the like with the plane size smaller than a circle with the diameter of 30cm and larger than 10cm and the thickness of 1-10 cm.
Example 3
A device for testing the water permeability coefficient of a permeable material comprises a water storage tank 1, a water inlet pipe 2, a pressure pump 3, a regulator 4, a water inlet hole 16, an overflow groove 5, a permeable column 6, a pressure stabilizing hole 7, a water baffle 8, a permeable tank 9, a permeable hole 10, a detection column 11 and a detection pipe 12; the water inlet pipe 2 is used for pressurizing water in the water storage tank 1 through a pressurizing pump 3, regulating the flow through a regulator 4 and inputting the water into the overflow trough 5 through a water inlet hole 16; the bottom of the overflow groove 5 surrounds the outer wall of the water permeable column 6, and the overflow groove 5 is used for uniformly inputting water higher than the upper surface of the water permeable column 6 into the water permeable column 6; the water permeable column 6 is of a hollow cylinder structure, and the water permeable column 6 is used for conveying water to a block to be tested; the pressure stabilizing holes 7 are arranged on the outer side of the water permeable column 6 in parallel, and the pressure stabilizing holes 7 are used for controlling the height of the water level in the water permeable column 6; the water baffle 8 surrounds the outer wall of the water permeable column 6, and the water baffle 8 is used for tightly pressing with the block to be tested; the water permeable tank 9 is positioned at the lower end of the water permeable column 6, and the water baffle 8 is not sealed with the side wall of the water permeable tank 9 or is in sealing connection with the side wall of the water permeable tank 9 through a sealing element; the water baffle 8 is connected with the bottom of the water permeable tank 9 through a bolt 14 and a nut 15; the water permeable hole 10 is positioned on the lower surface of the water permeable tank 9, the detection column 11 is positioned at the lower end of the water permeable hole 10, the water permeable tank 9 is used for bearing the block to be tested and is tightly pressed with the block to be tested, and the water permeable hole 10 is used for conveying water flowing through the block to be tested to the detection column 11; the cross sectional area of the detection column 11 is smaller than or equal to that of the water permeable column 6; the detection tube 12 is connected with the detection column 11, and a flow sensor and a temperature sensor are arranged in the detection tube 12.
The water storage tank 1 is made of a plastic PP material, and the water inlet pipe 2 is made of a rubber hose material.
The water permeable column 6 is made of organic glass. The inner diameter of the water inlet hole 16 is 0.5cm, and the wall thickness is 0.5 cm; the water permeable column 6 is a square cylinder with the side length of 30cm, the height of the water permeable column is 25cm, scales are marked on the outer side of the water permeable column, a pressure stabilizing hole 7 is arranged every 5cm, the inner diameter of each pressure stabilizing hole 7 is 0.5cm, and the wall thickness of each pressure stabilizing hole is 0.5 cm; connecting a rubber hose and clamping the rubber hose by a spring clamp; the distance from the bottom of the overflow groove 5 to the upper surface of the water permeable column 6 is 3cm, and the overflow groove 5 is a square cylinder with the side length of 35cm, the wall thickness of 0.5cm and the height of 5 cm; the water baffle 8 is a square ring, the side lengths of the inner square and the outer square are respectively 30cm and 35cm, the water baffle is divided into two layers, the upper layer is made of rubber materials, and the lower layer is made of rubber materials; the side surface of the water baffle 8 is a square cylinder with the side length of 35cm, the wall thickness of 0.5cm and the height of 15cm, the single-layer rubber material is placed on the test block, and the positioning nut is screwed on the test block to achieve the sealing effect;
the bottom of the water permeable tank 9 is a square ring, the side lengths of an inner square and an outer square are respectively 10cm and 35cm, the water permeable tank is divided into two layers, the lower layer is made of organic glass, the upper layer is made of rubber material, the side plate of the water permeable tank 9 is a square cylinder with the side length of 35cm and the wall thickness of 0.5cm, the height of the side plate is 15cm, the two layers are divided, the outer side is made of organic glass, the inner side is made of rubber material, and the sealing;
and the side walls of the water baffle 8 and the water permeable tank 9 are both fixed with rubber layers 13 which are hermetically connected through the rubber layers 13. The lower surface of the water baffle 8 and the bottom of the water permeable tank 9 are both fixed with a rubber layer 13, and are tightly pressed with the blocks to be tested through the rubber layer 13. The upper surface of the water baffle 8 and the bottom of the water permeable tank are both fixed with nuts 15, 9 nuts are uniformly arranged in a surrounding manner to form a square with the side length of 30cm, and the water baffle 8 is fixedly connected with the bottom of the water permeable tank 9 through bolts 14 and nuts 15.
Furthermore, the side length of the detection column 11 is the same as the size of the water permeable hole 10, the side length is 10cm, the height is 3cm, the bottom is sealed, a detection tube 12 is arranged at the position, 1cm away from the bottom, of the side surface in a punching mode, the side length of the detection tube 12 is 1cm, water penetrating through the test block can read the temperature T through a temperature sensor in the detection tube 12, and the flow Q through a flow sensor.
The device for testing the water permeability coefficient of the water permeable material can be used for measuring the water permeable materials such as water permeable bricks, water permeable concrete and the like with the plane size smaller than a circle with the diameter of 30cm and larger than 10cm and the thickness of 1-15 cm.
Example 4
A method for testing the water permeability coefficient of a water permeable material comprises the following steps:
(1) cutting and flattening the upper surface and the lower surface of a to-be-tested block with uneven thickness to obtain a test block with uniform thickness, wherein the thickness of the test block is 1-15 cm, and measuring the thickness L of the test block1(ii) a Placing the test block at the bottom of the water permeable tank, covering a water baffle on the upper surface of the test block, and tightly pressing the test block, the water baffle and the water permeable tank by screwing the bolt and the nut; the upper surface of the test block completely covers the bottom hole of the water permeable column; the lower surface of the test block completely covers the water permeable holes;
(2) turning on a pressure pump, and adjusting an adjusting meter to enable water in the water storage tank to enter the overflow tank through the water inlet pipe and the water inlet hole; the water higher than the upper surface of the water permeable column in the overflow groove is uniformly input into the water permeable column;
(3) after the water surface in the water permeable column is stable, opening a pressure stabilizing hole which is closest to the water surface below the water surface, wherein water in the water permeable column above the pressure stabilizing hole flows into the water storage tank, water in the water permeable column below the pressure stabilizing hole flows into the test block, and water flowing through the test block flows into the detection column through the water permeable hole; water in the detection column is conveyed into a detection tube; reading the water outlet flow Q on a flow sensor in the detection pipe and the temperature T on a temperature sensor;
(4) according to the formula
When the temperature is T, calculating the water permeability coefficient of the block to be tested, wherein Q is the water outlet flow in the step (3), and L is the thickness L of the test block in the step (1)1A is the cross sectional area of the detection column, and H is the height of the water permeable column below the pressure stabilizing hole in the step (3);
(5) according to the formula
calculating the water permeability coefficient of the block to be tested at the standard temperature, wherein ηTis the viscosity coefficient, eta, of the block to be tested at a temperature of T15Is the viscosity coefficient, k, of the block to be tested at a temperature of 15 DEG CTAnd (4) determining the water permeability coefficient of the block to be tested when the temperature is T.
Example 5
A method for testing the water permeability coefficient of a water permeable material comprises the following steps:
(1) directly taking the to-be-tested blocks with uniform thickness as test blocks; placing the test block at the bottom of the water permeable tank, covering a water baffle on the upper surface of the test block, and tightly pressing the test block, the water baffle and the water permeable tank by screwing the bolt and the nut; reading the thickness L of the test block through the scale on the bolt2(ii) a The upper surface of the test block completely covers the bottom hole of the water permeable column; the lower surface of the test block completely covers the water permeable holes;
(2) turning on a pressure pump, and adjusting an adjusting meter to enable water in the water storage tank to enter the overflow tank through the water inlet pipe and the water inlet hole; the water higher than the upper surface of the water permeable column in the overflow groove is uniformly input into the water permeable column;
(3) after the water surface in the water permeable column is stable, opening a pressure stabilizing hole below the water surface, enabling water above the pressure stabilizing hole in the water permeable column to flow into the water storage tank, enabling water below the pressure stabilizing hole in the water permeable column to flow into the test block, and enabling water flowing through the test block to flow into the detection column through the water permeable hole; water in the detection column is conveyed into a detection tube; reading the water outlet flow Q on a flow sensor in the detection pipe and the temperature T on a temperature sensor;
(4) according to the formula
When the temperature is T, calculating the water permeability coefficient of the block to be tested, wherein Q is the water outlet flow in the step (3), and L is the thickness L of the test block in the step (1)2A is the cross sectional area of the detection column, and H is the height of the water permeable column below the pressure stabilizing hole in the step (3);
(5) according to the formula
calculating the water permeability coefficient of the block to be tested at the standard temperature, wherein ηTis the viscosity coefficient, eta, of the block to be tested at a temperature of T15Is the viscosity coefficient, k, of the block to be tested at a temperature of 15 DEG CTAnd (4) determining the water permeability coefficient of the block to be tested when the temperature is T.
Besides the specific materials used in the above embodiments, other materials may be used instead of the organic glass and rubber materials in the present invention.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A device for testing the water permeability coefficient of a water permeable material is characterized by comprising a water storage tank (1), a water inlet pipe (2), a pressure pump (3), a regulator (4), a water inlet hole (16), an overflow groove (5), a water permeable column (6), a pressure stabilizing hole (7), a water baffle (8), a water permeable tank (9), a water permeable hole (10), a detection column (11) and a detection pipe (12); the water inlet pipe (2) is used for pressurizing water in the water storage tank (1) through a pressurizing pump (3) and regulating the flow through a regulator (4) and then inputting the water into the overflow trough (5) through a water inlet hole (16); the bottom of the overflow groove (5) surrounds the outer wall of the water permeable column (6), and the overflow groove (5) is used for uniformly inputting water higher than the upper surface of the water permeable column (6) into the water permeable column (6); the water permeable column (6) is of a hollow cylinder structure, and the water permeable column (6) is used for conveying water to the block to be tested; the pressure stabilizing holes (7) are arranged on the outer side of the water permeable column (6) in parallel, and the pressure stabilizing holes (7) are used for controlling the height of the water level in the water permeable column (6); the water baffle (8) surrounds the outer wall of the water permeable column (6), and the water baffle (8) is tightly pressed with the block to be tested; the water permeable tank (9) is positioned at the lower end of the water permeable column (6), and the water baffle (8) and the side wall of the water permeable tank (9) are not sealed; the water baffle (8) is connected with the bottom of the water permeable tank (9) through a bolt (14) and a nut (15); the water permeable hole (10) is positioned on the lower surface of the water permeable tank (9), the detection column (11) is positioned at the lower end of the water permeable hole (10), the water permeable tank (9) is used for bearing a block to be tested and is tightly pressed with the block to be tested, and the water permeable hole (10) is used for conveying water flowing through the block to be tested to the detection column (11); the cross sectional area of the detection column (11) is smaller than that of the water permeable column (6); the detection tube (12) is connected with the detection column (11), and a flow sensor and a temperature sensor are arranged in the detection tube (12).
2. The device for testing the water permeability coefficient of the water permeable material according to claim 1, wherein the rubber layer (13) is fixed on the side wall of each of the water baffle (8) and the water permeable tank (9), and the water baffle (8) and the water permeable tank (9) are hermetically connected through the rubber layer (13).
3. The device for testing the water permeability coefficient of the water permeable material according to claim 1, wherein the rubber layer (13) is fixed on the lower surface of the water baffle (8) and the bottom of the water permeable tank (9), and the lower surface of the water baffle (8) and the bottom of the water permeable tank (9) are tightly pressed with the block to be tested through the rubber layer (13).
4. The apparatus for testing the water permeability coefficient of a water permeable material according to claim 1, wherein the distance from the bottom of the overflow tank (5) to the upper surface of the water permeable column (6) is 3cm to 10 cm.
5. Use of a device according to any one of claims 1 to 4 for testing the water permeability coefficient of a water permeable material.
6. A method for testing the water permeability coefficient of a water permeable material by using the device of any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:
(1) cutting and flattening the upper and lower surfaces of the to-be-tested block with uneven thickness to obtain a test block with uniform thickness, or directly using the to-be-tested block with uniform thickness as the test block; measuring the thickness L of the test block1(ii) a Placing the test block at the bottom of the water permeable tank, covering a water baffle on the upper surface of the test block, and tightly pressing the test block, the water baffle and the water permeable tank by screwing the bolt and the nut; reading the thickness L of the test block through the scale on the bolt2(ii) a The upper surface of the test block completely covers the bottom hole of the water permeable column; the lower surface of the test block completely covers the water permeable holes;
(2) turning on a pressure pump, and adjusting an adjusting meter to enable water in the water storage tank to enter the overflow tank through the water inlet pipe and the water inlet hole; the water higher than the upper surface of the water permeable column in the overflow groove is uniformly input into the water permeable column;
(3) after the water surface in the water permeable column is stable, opening a pressure stabilizing hole which is closest to the water surface below the water surface, wherein water in the water permeable column above the pressure stabilizing hole flows into the water storage tank, water in the water permeable column below the pressure stabilizing hole flows into the test block, and water flowing through the test block flows into the detection column through the water permeable hole; water in the detection column is conveyed into a detection tube; reading the water outlet flow Q on a flow sensor in the detection pipe and the temperature T on a temperature sensor;
(4) according to the formula
When the temperature is T, calculating the water permeability coefficient of the block to be tested, wherein Q is the water outlet flow in the step (3), and L is the thickness L of the test block in the step (1)1Or L2And A is the cross sectional area of the detection column, and H is the height of the water permeable column below the pressure stabilizing hole in the step (3).
7. A method for testing the water permeability coefficient of a water permeable material at a standard temperature by using the device of any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:
(1) cutting and flattening the upper and lower surfaces of the to-be-tested block with uneven thickness to obtain a test block with uniform thickness, or directly using the to-be-tested block with uniform thickness as the test block; measuring the thickness L of the test block1(ii) a Placing the test block at the bottom of the water permeable tank, covering a water baffle on the upper surface of the test block, and tightly pressing the test block, the water baffle and the water permeable tank by screwing the bolt and the nut; reading the thickness L of the test block through the scale on the bolt2(ii) a The upper surface of the test block completely covers the bottom hole of the water permeable column; the lower surface of the test block completely covers the water permeable holes;
(2) turning on a pressure pump, and adjusting an adjusting meter to enable water in the water storage tank to enter the overflow tank through the water inlet pipe and the water inlet hole; the water higher than the upper surface of the water permeable column in the overflow groove is uniformly input into the water permeable column;
(3) after the water surface in the water permeable column is stable, opening a pressure stabilizing hole which is closest to the water surface below the water surface, wherein water in the water permeable column above the pressure stabilizing hole flows into the water storage tank, water in the water permeable column below the pressure stabilizing hole flows into the test block, and water flowing through the test block flows into the detection column through the water permeable hole; water in the detection column is conveyed into a detection tube; reading the water outlet flow Q on a flow sensor in the detection pipe and the temperature T on a temperature sensor;
(4) according to the formula
When the temperature is T, calculating the water permeability coefficient of the block to be tested, wherein Q is the water outlet flow in the step (3), and L is the thickness L of the test block in the step (1)1Or L2A is the cross sectional area of the detection column, and H is the height of the water permeable column below the pressure stabilizing hole in the step (3);
(5) according to the formula
calculating the water permeability coefficient of the block to be tested at the standard temperature, wherein ηTis the viscosity coefficient, eta, of the block to be tested at a temperature of T15Is the viscosity coefficient, k, of the block to be tested at a temperature of 15 DEG CTAnd (4) determining the water permeability coefficient of the block to be tested when the temperature is T.
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