CN109855453B - Vapor-liquid two-phase flow shell-and-tube heat exchanger - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a vapor-liquid two-phase flow shell-and-tube heat exchanger, which comprises a shell, wherein end sockets are respectively arranged at two ends of the shell, a tube plate is arranged at the connecting position of the end sockets and the shell, a heat exchange tube is connected with the tube plates at the two ends, a vapor phase in a vapor-liquid two-phase flow can be condensed into a liquid phase in the heat exchange process, the vapor-liquid two-phase flow flows in a tube pass, a separating device is arranged in the heat exchange tube, the separating device is of a sheet structure, and the sheet structure is arranged on the cross section of; the partition device is composed of square through holes and regular octagonal through holes, the side length of each square through hole is equal to that of each regular octagonal through hole, four sides of each square through hole are sides of four different regular octagonal through holes respectively, and four mutually spaced sides of each regular octagonal through hole are sides of four different square through holes respectively. The invention provides a heat exchanger of a separating device with a novel structure, which can strengthen heat transfer, weaken vibration of a pipeline and reduce noise level when vapor-liquid two-phase flow exists in the pipeline.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, in particular to a two-phase flow heat exchanger containing condensable vapor.
Background
The vapor-liquid two-phase flow heat exchange is widely applied to various heat exchange devices, and the vapor-liquid two-phase flow has low heat exchange efficiency, worsens heat exchange, is unstable in a fluid flowing process and causes water hammer in the heat exchange process due to the existence of vapor phase. When the vapor and liquid phases of the two-phase working medium are not uniformly mixed and flow discontinuously, the large-size liquid mass can occupy the air mass space at a high speed, so that the two-phase flow is unstable, equipment and a pipeline are severely impacted, strong vibration and noise are generated, and the running safety of the equipment is seriously threatened.
The inventor also devised various heat exchanger devices, such as multi-tube heat exchanger devices, which solve the above problems, but such devices have found that in operation, because the tubes are tightly combined together, the space a formed between the three tubes is relatively small, because the space a is formed by the convex arcs of the three tubes, most of the area of the space a is narrow, the fluid is difficult to enter and pass through, the fluid is short-circuited, the heat exchange of the fluid is affected, and the good flow stabilizing effect cannot be achieved. And also, since a plurality of tubes of the above-described structure are combined together, the manufacturing is difficult. For example, the 2017102671998 structure solves the fluid short circuit phenomenon, but has a problem that the flow area is greatly reduced, resulting in an increase in flow resistance. As another example, the annular partition device 2017103224953 has an annular structure, which results in uneven circumferential partition of the annular space of the partition device as a whole, and because of the annular structure, the four included angles of the annular space are acute angles smaller than 90 degrees, which may cause a problem of short circuit of fluid flow at acute angles smaller than 90 degrees.
Aiming at the problems, the invention improves on the basis of the prior invention and provides a novel heat exchanger, thereby solving the problem of uneven steady flow heat exchange under the condition of heat exchange of a heat exchange tube. So that the gas and the liquid are fully mixed, and the heat exchange effect is improved
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a heat exchanger with a novel structure of a separating device, which weakens the vibration in a vapor-liquid two-phase flow heat exchange pipe when vapor-liquid two-phase flow exists in a pipeline, reduces the noise level and strengthens heat transfer at the same time.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a vapor-liquid two-phase flow shell-and-tube heat exchanger comprises a shell, wherein end sockets are respectively arranged at two ends of the shell, a tube plate is arranged at the connecting position of the end sockets and the shell, a heat exchange tube is connected with the tube plates at two ends, and a vapor phase in a vapor-liquid two-phase flow can be condensed into a liquid phase in the heat exchange process; the partition device is composed of square through holes and regular octagonal through holes, the side length of each square through hole is equal to that of each regular octagonal through hole, four sides of each square through hole are sides of four different regular octagonal through holes respectively, and four mutually spaced sides of each regular octagonal through hole are sides of four different square through holes respectively.
Preferably, the spacer is a square central spacer and the square through hole is located in the center of the heat exchange tube.
Preferably, the separator is a regular octagonal central separator, and the regular octagonal through hole is positioned in the center of the heat exchange tube.
Preferably, the spacers include at least one of a square center spacer having a square through-hole at the center of the heat exchange tube and a regular octagonal center spacer having a regular octagonal through-hole at the center of the heat exchange tube.
Preferably, the adjacently arranged spacers are of different types.
Preferably, the cross section of the heat exchange tube is square.
Preferably, a plurality of separating devices are arranged in the heat exchange tube, the distance between every two adjacent separating devices is S1, the side length of each square through hole is L1, and the side length of the heat exchange tube is L2, so that the following requirements are met:
S1/L2＝a*(L1/L2)2+b*(L1/L2)-c
wherein a, b, c are parameters, wherein 42.53< a <42.55,6.38< b <6.39, 0.243< c < 0.244;
12<L2<58mm；
2<L1<3.4mm；
15<S1<26mm。
preferably, a is 42.54, b is 6.383, and c is 0.2438.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1) the invention provides a novel vapor-liquid two-phase flow heat exchanger with a separating device of a novel structure combining a square through hole and a regular octagon through hole, wherein the included angles formed by the edges of the formed square hole and the regular octagon hole are more than or equal to 90 degrees through the square and the regular octagon, so that fluid can fully flow through each position of each hole, and the short circuit of fluid flowing is avoided or reduced. The invention separates the two-phase fluid into liquid phase and vapor phase by the separating device with a novel structure, divides the liquid phase into small liquid masses, divides the vapor phase into small bubbles, inhibits the backflow of the liquid phase, promotes the smooth flow of the vapor phase, plays a role in stabilizing the flow, has the effects of vibration reduction and noise reduction, and improves the heat exchange effect. Compared with the separation device in the prior art, the flow stabilizing effect is further improved, the heat transfer is enhanced, and the manufacture is simple.
2) According to the invention, through reasonable layout, the square and regular octagonal through holes are uniformly distributed, so that the fluid on the whole cross street is uniformly divided, and the problem of nonuniform division of the annular structure along the circumferential direction in the prior art is avoided.
3) The invention ensures that the large holes and the small holes are uniformly distributed on the whole cross section by uniformly distributing the square holes and the regular octagonal holes at intervals, and ensures that the separation effect is better by changing the positions of the large holes and the small holes of the adjacent separation devices.
4) According to the invention, the separating device is of a sheet structure, so that the separating device is simple in structure and low in cost.
5) According to the invention, the optimal relation size of the parameters is researched by setting the regular changes of the parameters such as the distance between the adjacent separating devices, the side length of the holes of the separating devices, the pipe diameter of the heat exchange pipe, the pipe spacing and the like in the flowing direction of the fluid in the heat exchange pipe, so that the flow stabilizing effect is further achieved, the noise is reduced, and the heat exchange effect is improved.
6) According to the invention, through carrying out extensive research on the heat exchange rule caused by the change of each parameter of the annular separation device, the optimal relational expression of the vibration and noise reduction effects is realized under the condition of meeting the flow resistance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a two-phase flow shell-and-tube heat exchanger of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the heat exchange tube structure of the two-phase flow shell-and-tube heat exchanger of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the partitioning device according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of another embodiment of the partitioning device of the present invention;
figure 5 is a schematic view of the arrangement of the partitioning device of the present invention within a heat exchange tube.
FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the arrangement of the partitioning device of the present invention in the heat exchange tube.
The reference numbers are as follows: the heat exchange tube comprises a front seal head 1, a seal head flange 2, a front tube plate 3, a shell 4, a separating device 5, a heat exchange tube 6, a rear tube plate 7, a seal head flange 8, a rear seal head 9, a support 10, a support 11, a tube side inlet tube 12, a tube side outlet tube 13, a shell side inlet tube 14, a shell side outlet tube 15, a square through hole 51, a regular octagon through hole 52 and a side 53
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings.
In this document, "/" denotes division and "×", "denotes multiplication, referring to formulas, if not specifically stated.
It should be noted that, if not specifically stated, the two-phase flow referred to in the present invention is a vapor-liquid two-phase flow where the vapor phase can be condensed into a liquid phase during heat exchange.
As shown in fig. 1, the shell-and-tube heat exchanger includes a shell 4, a heat exchange tube 6, a tube-side inlet tube 12, a tube-side outlet tube 13, a shell-side inlet connecting tube 14 and a shell-side outlet connecting tube 15; a heat exchange tube bundle consisting of a plurality of heat exchange tubes 6 arranged in parallel is connected on the front tube plate 3 and the rear tube plate 7; the front end of the front tube plate 3 is connected with the front seal head 1, and the rear end of the rear tube plate 7 is connected with the rear seal head 9; the tube pass inlet pipe 12 is arranged on the rear seal head 9; the tube pass outlet pipe 13 is arranged on the front seal head 1; the shell side inlet connecting pipe 14 and the shell side outlet connecting pipe 15 are both arranged on the shell 4; the two-phase flow enters from the tube side inlet tube 12, exchanges heat through the heat exchange tube and exits from the tube side outlet tube 13.
As shown in fig. 3-4, an annular partition 5 is provided within the heat exchange tube 6. The construction of the annular partition 5 is shown in fig. 3-4. The separating device 5 is a sheet structure which is arranged on the cross section of the heat exchange tube 6; the spacers 5 are formed in a square and regular octagonal configuration, thereby forming square through holes 51 and regular octagonal through holes 52. The side length of the square through-hole 51 is equal to the side length of the regular octagonal through-hole 52 as shown in fig. 3, the four sides 53 of the square through-hole are the sides 53 of four different regular octagonal through-holes, respectively, and the four mutually spaced sides 53 of the regular eight deformed through-hole are the sides 53 of four different square through-holes, respectively.
The invention adopts a separating device with a novel structure, and has the following advantages:
1) the invention provides a novel separation device with a novel structure combining a square through hole and a regular octagon through hole, wherein the included angles formed by the edges of the formed square hole and the regular octagon hole are larger than or equal to 90 degrees through the square and the regular octagon, so that fluid can fully flow through each position of each hole, and the short circuit of fluid flow is avoided or reduced. The invention separates the two-phase fluid into liquid phase and vapor phase by the separating device with a novel structure, divides the liquid phase into small liquid masses, divides the vapor phase into small bubbles, inhibits the backflow of the liquid phase, promotes the smooth flow of the vapor phase, plays a role in stabilizing the flow, has the effects of vibration reduction and noise reduction, and improves the heat exchange effect. Compared with the separation device in the prior art, the flow stabilizing effect is further improved, the heat transfer is enhanced, and the manufacture is simple.
2) According to the invention, through reasonable layout, the square and regular octagonal through holes are uniformly distributed, so that the fluid on the whole cross street is uniformly divided, and the problem of nonuniform division of the annular structure along the circumferential direction in the prior art is avoided.
3) According to the invention, the square holes and the regular octagonal through holes are uniformly distributed at intervals, so that the large holes and the small holes are uniformly distributed on the whole cross section, and the separation effect is better through the position change of the large holes and the small holes of the adjacent separation devices.
4) According to the invention, the separating device is of a sheet structure, so that the separating device is simple in structure and low in cost.
By arranging the annular separating device, the invention equivalently increases the internal heat exchange area in the heat exchange tube, strengthens the heat exchange and improves the heat exchange effect.
The invention divides the vapor phase and the liquid phase at all cross section positions of all heat exchange tubes, thereby realizing the contact area between the division of a vapor-liquid interface and a vapor phase boundary layer and a cooling wall surface on the whole heat exchange tube section and enhancing the disturbance, greatly reducing the noise and the vibration and strengthening the heat transfer.
Preferably, the spacers are of two types, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the first type being a square central spacer, the square being located in the center of the heat exchange tubes or condenser tubes, as shown in fig. 4. The second is a regular octagonal center divider, with the regular octagon being located at the center of the heat exchange tubes or the condenser tubes, as shown in fig. 3. Preferably, the two types of spacers are arranged next to each other, i.e. the type of spacers arranged next to each other is different. I.e. adjacent to the square centre spacer is a regular octagonal centre spacer and adjacent to the regular octagonal centre spacer is a square centre spacer. According to the invention, the square holes and the regular octagon holes are uniformly distributed at intervals, so that the large holes and the small holes are uniformly distributed on the whole cross section, and through the position change of the large holes and the small holes of the adjacent separation devices, the fluid passing through the large holes next passes through the small holes, and the fluid passing through the small holes next passes through the large holes to be further separated, so that the mixing of vapor and liquid is promoted, and the separation and heat exchange effects are better.
Preferably, the cross section of the heat exchange tube 3 is square.
Preferably, a plurality of spacers are arranged in the heat exchange tube along the flow direction of the fluid in the heat exchange tube, and the distance between adjacent spacers is longer from the inlet of the heat exchange tube to the outlet of the heat exchange tube. The distance from the inlet of the heat exchange tube is X, and the distance between adjacent separating devices is S, S is F1(X), S' is the first derivative of S, and the following requirements are met:
S’>0；
the main reason is that along the flowing direction of the fluid, the gas is condensed due to the heat release of the fluid in the heat exchange tube, and is condensed into a liquid phase, so that along the flowing direction of the fluid in the heat exchange tube, the gas is less and less, the vapor phase in the vapor-liquid two-phase flow is less and less, the heat exchange capacity in the heat exchange tube is continuously increased along with the conversion of the vapor phase into the liquid phase, and the vibration and the noise thereof are also continuously reduced along with the conversion of the vapor phase into the liquid phase. Therefore, the distance between the separating devices can be increased, so that the flow resistance can be reduced, the low noise and the low vibration can be kept, the heat exchange uniformity of the whole heat exchange tube can be kept because the separating devices are distributed less and less as the inner fins, and the material can be saved.
Experiments show that through the arrangement, vibration and noise can be reduced to the maximum extent, and meanwhile, the flow resistance of the fluid can be guaranteed to be reduced.
It is further preferred that the distance between adjacent spacers increases from the inlet of the heat exchange tube to the outlet of the heat exchange tube. I.e. S "is the second derivative of S, the following requirements are met:
S”>0；
through experiments, the vibration and noise of about 8% can be further reduced, and the resistance of about 6% of flowing can be reduced.
Preferably, other parameters of the spacers (e.g. tube diameter, etc.) are kept constant, except for the distance between adjacent spacers.
Preferably, a plurality of separating devices are arranged in the heat exchange tube 6 along the flowing direction of the fluid in the heat exchange tube 6, and the side length of the square through hole in different separating devices 5 is larger and larger from the inlet of the heat exchange tube 6 to the outlet of the heat exchange tube 6. I.e. the square through-hole of the spacer has a side length D, F3(X), D' is the first derivative of D, and the following requirements are met:
D’>0；
preferably, the square through hole of the separating device has a larger and larger side length from the inlet of the heat exchange tube to the outlet of the heat exchange tube. Namely, it is
D' is the second derivative of D, and meets the following requirements:
D”>0。
for instance, the distance between adjacent spacers may vary equally.
Preferably, other parameters of the spacers (e.g. the distance between adjacent spacers, etc.) are kept constant, apart from the hydraulic diameter of the annulus of the spacers.
Preferably, the inner wall of the heat exchange tube is provided with a gap, and the outer end of the separation device is arranged in the gap.
Preferably, the heat exchange tube is formed by welding a plurality of sections of structures, and a separating device is arranged at the joint of the plurality of sections of structures.
This way the heat exchange tubes provided with the partitioning means are simple to manufacture and cost-effective.
Preferably, the heat exchange tubes have a continuously decreasing tube diameter in the direction of fluid flow. The main reasons are as follows: 1) because along with the continuous flow of fluid, steam is continuous condensation in the heat exchange tube to make the fluid volume littleer and littleer too, consequently satisfy the change of the fluid volume that constantly increases and pressure through reducing the pipe diameter, thereby make pressure distribution even on the whole, the heat transfer is even. 2) Through the reduction of the pipe diameter of the heat exchange pipe, materials can be saved, and the cost is reduced.
Preferably, the pipe diameter of the heat exchange pipe is continuously reduced to a greater extent along the flowing direction of the fluid in the heat exchange pipe. The amplitude change of the pipe diameter is a result obtained by a large number of experiments and numerical simulation, and by means of the arrangement, the circulating flow of the loop heat pipe can be further promoted, and the pressure is integrally uniform.
Through analysis and experiments, the spacing between the separating devices cannot be too large, the vibration and noise reduction effect is poor if the spacing is too large, meanwhile, the spacing cannot be too small, the resistance is too large if the spacing is too small, and similarly, the side length of a square cannot be too large or too small, the vibration and noise reduction effect is poor or the resistance is too large, so that the vibration and noise reduction is optimized under the condition that the normal flow resistance (the total pressure bearing is less than 2.5Mpa or the on-way resistance of a single heat exchange tube is less than or equal to 5Pa/M) is preferentially met through a large number of experiments, and the optimal relation of each parameter is arranged.
Preferably, the distance between the adjacent separating devices is S1, the side length of the square through hole is L1, the heat exchange tube is of a square section, and the side length of the square section of the heat exchange tube is L2, so that the following requirements are met:
S1/L2＝a*(L1/L2)2+b*(L1/L2)-c
wherein a, b, c are parameters, wherein 42.53< a <42.55,6.38< b <6.39, 0.243< c < 0.244;
12<L2<58mm；
2<L1<3.4mm；
15<S1<26mm。
preferably, a is 42.54, b is 6.383, and c is 0.2438.
Further preferably, a, b are larger and c is smaller as L1/L2 is increased.
Preferably, the side length L1 of the square through hole is the average value of the inner side length and the outer side length of the square through hole, and the side length L2 of the square cross section of the heat exchange tube is the average value of the inner side length and the outer side length of the heat exchange tube.
Preferably, the length of the outer side of the square through hole is equal to the length of the inner side of the square section of the heat exchange tube.
Preferably, as L2 increases, L1 also increases. However, as L2 increases, L1 increases by a lesser and lesser magnitude. The change of the rule is obtained through a large amount of numerical simulation and experiments, and the heat exchange effect and the noise are further improved and reduced through the change of the rule.
Preferably, S1 decreases as L2 increases. But as L2 increases, S1 decreases by a lesser and lesser magnitude. The change of the rule is obtained through a large amount of numerical simulation and experiments, and the heat exchange effect and the noise are further improved and reduced through the change of the rule.
Learn through analysis and experiment, the interval of heat exchange tube also satisfies certain requirement, for example can not too big or undersize, no matter too big or undersize can lead to the heat transfer effect not good, because set up the separator in this application heat exchange tube, consequently the separator also has certain requirement to the heat exchange tube interval. Therefore, through a large number of experiments, under the condition that the normal flow resistance (the total pressure bearing is less than 2.5MPa, or the on-way resistance of a single heat exchange tube is less than or equal to 5Pa/M) is preferentially met, the damping and noise reduction are optimized, and the optimal relation of each parameter is settled.
The distance between adjacent separating devices is S1, the side length of a square is L1, the heat exchange tube is a square section, the side length of the heat exchange tube is L2, and the distance between the centers of the adjacent heat exchange tubes is S2 so as to meet the following requirements:
S2/L2＝d*(S1/L2)2+e-f*(S1/L2)3-h*(S1/L2)；
wherein d, e, f, h are parameters,
1.121<d<1.22,1.516<e<1.517,0.340<f<0.341,0.893<h<0.894；
12<L2<58mm；
2<L1<3.4mm；
15<S1<26mm。
16<S2<76mm。
the spacing distance between the centers of the adjacent heat exchange tubes S2 refers to the distance between the center lines of the heat exchange tubes.
Further preferably, d is 1.1217, e is 1.5164, f is 0.3408, h is 0.8933;
preferably, d, e are larger and f, h are smaller as S1/L2 is increased.
Preferably, S2 increases with increasing L2, but S2 increases with increasing L2 to a lesser and lesser extent. The change of the rule is obtained through a large amount of numerical simulation and experiments, and the heat exchange effect can be further improved through the change of the rule.
Preferably, the length L of the heat exchange tube is between 3000-3500 mm. More preferably, 3200-.
By optimizing the optimal geometric dimension of the formula, the optimal effect of shock absorption and noise reduction can be achieved under the condition of meeting the normal flow resistance.
For other parameters, such as the wall thickness of the pipe and the wall thickness of the shell, the parameters are set according to normal standards.
Preferably, the fluid within the heat exchange tubes is water.
For other parameters, such as the wall thickness of the pipe and the wall thickness of the shell, the parameters are set according to normal standards.
Preferably, the shell-side fluid is water.
Preferably, the flow rate of the fluid in the tube side is 3-5 m/S.
Preferably, the ratio of the length L of the heat exchange tube to the shell diameter of the heat exchanger is 8-9.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not limited thereto. Various changes and modifications may be effected therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A vapor-liquid two-phase flow shell-and-tube heat exchanger comprises a shell, wherein end sockets are respectively arranged at two ends of the shell, a tube plate is arranged at the connecting position of the end sockets and the shell, a heat exchange tube is connected with the tube plates at two ends, and a vapor phase in a vapor-liquid two-phase flow can be condensed into a liquid phase in the heat exchange process; the partition device is composed of square through holes and regular octagonal through holes, the side length of each square through hole is equal to that of each regular octagonal through hole, four sides of each square through hole are sides of four different regular octagonal through holes respectively, and four mutually spaced sides of each regular octagonal through hole are sides of four different square through holes respectively.
2. The heat exchanger of claim 1, wherein the spacers are square center spacers and the square through hole is located at the center of the heat exchange tube.
3. The heat exchanger of claim 1, wherein the spacers are regular octagonal center spacers, and the regular octagonal throughbores are located at the center of the heat exchange tubes.
4. The heat exchanger of claim 1, wherein the spacers comprise at least one of a square center spacer having a square through hole at the center of the heat exchange tube and a regular octagonal center spacer having a regular octagonal through hole at the center of the heat exchange tube.
5. A heat exchanger according to claim 4, wherein adjacently arranged spacers are of different types.
6. The heat exchanger of claim 1, wherein the heat exchange tubes are square in cross-section.
7. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 6, wherein a plurality of separating devices are arranged in the heat exchange tube, the distance between adjacent separating devices is S1, the side length of the square through hole is L1, and the side length of the heat exchange tube is L2, so that the following requirements are met:
S1/L2＝a*(L1/L2)2+b*(L1/L2)-c
wherein a, b, c are parameters, wherein 42.53< a <42.55,6.38< b <6.39, 0.243< c < 0.244;
12<L2<58mm；
2<L1<3.4mm；
15<S1<26mm。
8. the heat exchanger of claim 7 wherein a is 42.54, b is 6.383, and c is 0.2438.
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| JP2004286246A (en) * | 2003-03-19 | 2004-10-14 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Parallel flow heat exchanger for heat pump |
| WO2008071731A1 (en) * | 2006-12-15 | 2008-06-19 | Arcelik Anonim Sirketi | An evaporator |
| CN102230692B (en) * | 2010-06-29 | 2012-11-14 | 三花控股集团有限公司 | Heat exchanger with improved heat exchange performance |
| WO2014205799A1 (en) * | 2013-06-28 | 2014-12-31 | Ingersoll Rand (China) Industrial Technologies | Microchannel heat exchangers |
| US10465996B2 (en) * | 2015-06-10 | 2019-11-05 | Mahle International Gmbh | Method of manufacturing a heat exchanger assembly having a sheet metal distributor/collector tube |
| CN105571209B (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2017-03-08 | 青岛酒店管理职业技术学院 | A kind of heat exchanger of intercommunicating pore area change |
| CN107869924B (en) * | 2017-03-21 | 2019-01-18 | 山东大学 | A kind of shell-and-tube heat exchanger of the condensable multitube constant-current stabilizer of vapour phase |
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