Ceramic bearing
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of bearings, and particularly relates to a ceramic bearing.
Background
The bearing is a part which plays a role in fixing and reducing the load friction coefficient in the mechanical transmission process, is a light-lifting part in the modern mechanical equipment, and has the advantages that the precision, the performance, the service life and the reliability of the bearing play a decisive role in the precision, the performance, the service life and the reliability of a main machine, the bearings sold in the market at present are usually made of metal materials, the metal bearings are easy to rust and influence the actual effect due to environmental corrosion, so that lubricating oil is needed to be added to reduce the friction and prevent the metal corrosion, but dust substances are bonded by the lubricating oil and then enter the bearing along with the rotation of the bearing, the oil stains accumulated for a long time can cause secondary wear or direct blocking of a ball or a roller path, aiming at the problems, the problems can be solved by adopting a sealing mode usually, foreign matters are prevented from entering the bearing and being mixed with the lubricating oil for bonding, the phenomenon that the bearing is worn or stuck by foreign matters still occurs under the condition of large dust; the ceramic bearing is correspondingly produced aiming at the problems, the service performance of the ceramic bearing is really superior to that of a metal bearing, the ceramic bearing has the characteristic of self-lubrication, lubricating oil is not added, so that the ceramic bearing is not worried about abrasion caused by foreign matters such as dust and the like, but the ceramic material is not easy to precisely process like a metal material, and the ceramic has dimensional errors in the sintering process, so that the ceramic ball and the roller path need to be finely ground for assembling precision, the process can be realized only by consuming higher cost, and the ceramic balls except for standard sizes are all waste products, so that the qualified finished product rate is low, and the ceramic bearing cannot be popularized in a large scale.
A patent has also appeared in the prior art relating to a ceramic bearing, as disclosed in patent application No. 2015104150002, which comprises an inner ring, an outer ring and ceramic balls, said inner and outer rings having dimensions in accordance with the national standard and being able to cooperate with a standard shaft, characterized in that: the inner raceway and the outer raceway are assembled between the inner ring and the outer ring, the outer raceway is semi-open, and the ceramic ball is assembled in a space formed by the inner raceway and the outer raceway; the ceramic balls are standard bearing ball size pieces or non-standard bearing ball size pieces with consistent size deviation.
The ceramic bearing of the technical scheme can reduce the processing fineness of the ceramic ball. In the technical scheme, however, ceramic balls with the same size need to be found for manufacturing each ceramic bearing during manufacturing, so that a great deal of time is needed for measuring the diameter of each ceramic ball during production of the ceramic bearings, and a great deal of time is needed for matching the ceramic balls with the same diameter, so that the production speed of the ceramic balls is greatly limited, and the ceramic bearings cannot be popularized in a large area; when the diameter of the ceramic ball is measured, a measurement error can occur, so that the ceramic bearing shakes to influence the use; making the solution limited.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to make up for the defects of the prior art, the problems that in the prior art, ceramic balls with the same size need to be found for manufacturing each ceramic bearing during manufacturing, so that a great deal of time is needed for measuring the diameter of each ceramic ball during production of the ceramic bearings, and meanwhile, a great deal of time is needed for matching the ceramic balls with the same diameter, the production speed of the ceramic balls is greatly limited, and large-area popularization cannot be achieved are solved; the invention provides a ceramic bearing.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the invention relates to a ceramic bearing, which comprises an inner ring provided with a raceway, ceramic balls arranged in the raceway, a retainer and an outer ring, wherein the retainer is arranged on the inner ring; the retainer is arranged between the inner ring and the outer ring and is used for mounting the ceramic ball; the section of the outer ring is of a U-shaped structure, a cavity is formed in the outer ring, two one-way valves are arranged on the side wall of the cavity and are symmetrically arranged relative to the rotation center of the bearing, so that the bearing can be stressed in a balanced manner during rotation, polarization is avoided, valve bodies of the two one-way valves are arranged oppositely, the two one-way valves are respectively used for charging hydraulic oil and discharging the hydraulic oil, and a piston cylinder is connected with the radial inner side wall of the cavity in a penetrating manner; a piston is arranged in the piston cylinder in a sliding manner; one end of a piston rod is fixedly connected to the piston, and an installation frame is arranged at the other end of the piston rod; the mounting rack is rotatably provided with a roller; the number of the rollers is four, and the rollers are used for limiting the ceramic balls; when ceramic balls are installed, the ceramic balls with different diameters are installed on the retainer, the retainer is installed on the inner ring, the ceramic balls roll in a roller path of the inner ring, the outer ring is sleeved on the retainer, hydraulic oil is filled into the cavity through the one-way valve on one side, the cavity is filled with the hydraulic oil, the piston pushes the piston rod to move towards the direction close to the inner ring, the rollers are connected to the ceramic balls or the retainer in a rolling manner through the cooperation between the piston rod and the mounting frame and are connected to the inner ring in a rolling manner all the time, when the ceramic bearings rotate, the ceramic balls roll on the inner ring, the outer ring rotates relative to the inner ring, the mounting frame is driven by the outer ring to rotate, the rollers are caused to generate relative displacement on the ceramic balls, when one mounting frame drives the rollers to be separated from the ceramic balls, the rollers are driven by the other mounting frame adjacent to roll on the, the ceramic ball bearings can be tightly limited in the roller path of the inner ring all the time, and the volume of hydraulic oil in the cavity is certain, so that the ascending of one piston drives the descending of one piston, the descending of the same piston also drives the ascending of one piston, and the ascending and descending resistance of the piston is divided equally on each ceramic ball bearing, so that the ceramic ball bearings can be stressed uniformly, and the service life of the ceramic ball bearings is prolonged.
Preferably, the piston rod is hinged with the mounting frame through a hinge piece, and the hinge piece is positioned in the center of the mounting frame; when the mounting bracket drives the roller to roll on the ceramic ball, one end of the mounting bracket can be tilted first, the other end of the mounting bracket tilts again along with the movement of the mounting bracket, and the rising speed of the piston rod is reduced, so that the resistance of the piston is reduced, and the resistance of the ceramic bearing in rotation is reduced.
Preferably, a pressure sensor and a controller are arranged in the cavity, the pressure sensor is used for detecting oil pressure in the cavity, the check valve is an electromagnetic check valve, the pressure sensor, the controller and the check valve are electrically connected, and after the pressure detected by the pressure sensor is greater than a preset value, the controller closes the check valve and stops oiling in the cavity; along with filling into of hydraulic oil, pressure in the cavity can crescent, and pressure sensor senses inside oil pressure, and after the oil pressure reachd preset, the controller can be closed the check valve, stops the oil feed, and the too big ceramic ball that leads to of control roller exerts the dynamics on ceramic ball is avoided exerting the dynamics and damaged and exert the unable stable restriction ceramic ball of dynamics undersize.
Preferably, the deviation of the ceramic ball size ranges between standard bearing ball size ± 5 um; the ceramic ball between standard bearing ball size 5um all can install and use on the holder, greatly reduced ceramic bearing's production precision, improved ceramic bearing's utilization ratio simultaneously.
Preferably, the holder is provided with an installation groove, and a curved plate is embedded in the radial peripheral wall of the installation groove; the embedded part of the curved plate is smoothly and transitionally arranged with the retainer, and the curved plate is used for smooth transition between the roller and the ceramic ball; the roller passes through the curved plate when rolling from the retainer to the ceramic ball, so that the roller smoothly passes through the ceramic ball, the resistance of the roller when rolling from the retainer to the ceramic ball is reduced, and the roller is applicable to higher rotating speed.
Preferably, the curved plate is provided with a positioning hole, and the curved plate is a metal sheet; the positioning hole is inserted with a bolt, the bolt is in threaded connection with a threaded hole formed in the mounting groove, the curved plate is bent and deformed through the matching between the bolt and the threaded hole, the distance between the curved plate and the ceramic ball is adjusted, the distance between the curved plate and the ceramic ball is kept between 1 and 2 microns, the bolt and the roller are arranged in a staggered mode, and the roller is not in contact with the bolt when rolling; because there is the difference in the diameter of ceramic ball, can be through rotating the bolt this moment for the bolt drives the bent plate and takes place deformation, thereby the curved plate of holding down or lifting makes the curved plate can cooperate the ceramic ball of different diameters.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the ceramic bearing, ceramic balls with the same diameter do not need to be paired, the ceramic balls with different diameters can be directly installed, and the ceramic balls with different diameters can be stably fixed through the cooperation among the piston cylinder, the piston rod, the installation frame and the roller, so that the ceramic balls do not need to be accurately measured, a large amount of time is spent on pairing, and the production speed of the ceramic bearing is greatly improved.
2. According to the ceramic bearing, the roller can smoothly transition to the ceramic ball through the curved plate, so that the resistance of the roller rolling from the retainer to the ceramic ball is reduced, and the ceramic bearing is suitable for higher rotating speed; through rotating the bolt for the bolt drives the bent plate and takes place deformation, thereby depresses or lifting the bent plate, makes the bent plate can cooperate the ceramic ball of different diameters.
Drawings
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a front view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 1 at A;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 2 at B;
in the figure: the inner ring 1, the ceramic ball 2, the retainer 3, the outer ring 4, the cavity 401, the check valve 402, the piston cylinder 403, the piston rod 404, the mounting frame 405, the roller 406, the hinge 407, the mounting groove 408, the curved plate 409 and the bolt 410.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the ceramic bearing of the present invention includes an inner ring 1 provided with a raceway, ceramic balls 2 arranged in the raceway, a retainer 3 and an outer ring 4; the retainer 3 is arranged between the inner ring 1 and the outer ring 4, and the retainer 3 is used for installing the ceramic balls 2; the section of the outer ring 4 is of a U-shaped structure, a cavity 401 is formed in the outer ring 4, two check valves 402 are arranged on the side wall of the cavity 401, the two check valves 402 are symmetrically arranged about the rotation center of the bearing, so that the bearing can be stressed in a balanced manner during rotation, polarization is avoided, valve bodies of the two check valves 402 are arranged oppositely, the two check valves 402 are respectively used for charging hydraulic oil and discharging the hydraulic oil, and the radial inner side wall of the cavity 401 is connected with a piston cylinder 403 in a penetrating manner; a piston is arranged in the piston cylinder 403 in a sliding manner; one end of a piston rod 404 is fixedly connected to the piston, and a mounting rack 405 is arranged at the other end of the piston rod 404; a roller 406 is rotatably arranged on the mounting frame 405; the number of the rollers 406 is four, and the rollers 406 are used for limiting the ceramic ball 2; when the ceramic ball 2 is installed, the ceramic ball 2 with different diameters is installed on the retainer 3, the retainer 3 is installed on the inner ring 1, so that the ceramic ball 2 rolls in the raceway of the inner ring 1, the outer ring 4 is sleeved on the retainer 3, at the moment, hydraulic oil is filled into the cavity 401 through the one-way valve 402 on one side, the cavity 401 is filled with the hydraulic oil, the piston pushes the piston rod 404 to move towards the direction close to the inner ring 1, the roller 406 is connected on the ceramic ball 2 or the retainer 3 in a rolling way through the cooperation between the piston rod 404, the mounting frame 405 and the roller 406, so that the ceramic balls 2 with different sizes are always connected on the inner ring 1 in a rolling way, when the ceramic bearing rotates, the ceramic ball 2 rolls on the inner ring 1, meanwhile, the outer ring 4 rotates relative to the inner ring 1, the outer ring 4 drives the mounting frame 405 to rotate, so that, when a mounting bracket 405 drives the roller 406 to break away from the ceramic ball 2, another mounting bracket 405 adjacent to the mounting bracket drives the roller 406 to roll on the ceramic ball 2 again, so that the ceramic ball 2 can be tightly limited in the raceway of the inner ring 1 all the time, because the volume of hydraulic oil in the cavity 401 is certain, the ascending of a piston drives the descending of the piston at the moment, the descending of the same piston also drives the ascending of the piston, the ascending and descending resistance of the piston is divided equally on each ceramic ball 2, so that the ceramic ball 2 can be stressed uniformly, and the service life of the ceramic ball 2 is prolonged.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the piston rod 404 is hinged to the mounting frame 405 through a hinge 407, and the hinge 407 is located at a central position of the mounting frame 405; when the mounting bracket 405 drives the roller 406 to roll on the ceramic ball 2, one end of the mounting bracket 405 tilts first, and moves along with the mounting bracket 405, and the other end of the mounting bracket 405 tilts again, so that the rising speed of the piston rod 404 is reduced, and the resistance of the piston on rotation is reduced, namely the resistance of the ceramic bearing on rotation is reduced.
As an embodiment of the present invention, a pressure sensor and a controller are arranged in the cavity 401, the pressure sensor is used for detecting oil pressure inside the cavity 401, the check valve 402 is an electromagnetic check valve 402, the pressure sensor, the controller and the check valve 402 are electrically connected, and when the pressure detected by the pressure sensor is greater than a preset value, the controller closes the check valve 402, and stops adding oil into the cavity 401; along with filling into of hydraulic oil, the pressure in the cavity 401 can increase gradually, and pressure sensor senses inside oil pressure, and after the oil pressure reachd preset, the controller can close check valve 402, stops the oil feed, and the power degree of exerting of control gyro wheel 406 on ceramic ball 2 avoids exerting the too big ceramic ball 2 damage that leads to of dynamics and exerting the unable stable restriction ceramic ball 2 of dynamics undersize.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the deviation of the size of the ceramic ball 2 ranges between the standard bearing ball size ± 5 um; ceramic ball 2 between standard bearing ball size 5um all can install and use on holder 3, greatly reduced ceramic bearing's production precision, improved ceramic bearing's utilization ratio simultaneously.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the holder 3 is provided with an installation groove 408, and a curved plate 409 is embedded in a radial outer circumferential wall of the installation groove 408; the embedded part of the curved plate 409 is arranged in a smooth transition way with the retainer 3, and the curved plate 409 is used for the smooth transition between the roller 406 and the ceramic ball 2; when the roller 406 rolls from the retainer 3 to the ceramic ball 2, the roller passes through the curved plate 409, and smoothly passes through the ceramic ball 2, so that the resistance of the roller 406 rolling from the retainer 3 to the ceramic ball 2 is reduced, and the roller is suitable for higher rotating speed.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the curved plate 409 is provided with a positioning hole, and the curved plate 409 is a metal sheet; the bolt 410 is inserted in the positioning hole, the bolt 410 is in threaded connection with a threaded hole formed in the mounting groove 408, the curved plate 409 is bent and deformed through the matching between the bolt 410 and the threaded hole, the distance between the curved plate 409 and the ceramic ball 2 is adjusted, the distance between the curved plate 409 and the ceramic ball 2 is kept between 1 um and 2um, the bolt 410 and the roller 406 are arranged in a staggered mode, and the roller 406 is not in contact with the bolt 410 when rolling; because the diameters of the ceramic balls 2 are different, the bolt 410 can be rotated to drive the curved plate 409 to deform, so that the curved plate 409 is pressed down or lifted, and the curved plate 409 can be matched with the ceramic balls 2 with different diameters.
When the ceramic bearing works, the ceramic bearing is assembled firstly, when the ceramic ball 2 is installed, the ceramic ball 2 with different diameters is installed on the retainer 3, the retainer 3 is installed on the inner ring 1, so that the ceramic ball 2 rolls in a raceway of the inner ring 1, the outer ring 4 is sleeved on the retainer 3, at the moment, hydraulic oil is filled into the cavity 401 through the one-way valve 402 on one side, the cavity 401 is filled with the hydraulic oil, the piston pushes the piston rod 404 to move towards the direction close to the inner ring 1, the roller 406 is connected on the ceramic ball 2 or the retainer 3 in a rolling way through the matching among the piston rod 404, the mounting frame 405 and the roller 406, so that the ceramic balls 2 with different sizes are always connected on the inner ring 1 in a rolling way, when the ceramic bearing rotates, the ceramic ball 2 rolls on the inner ring 1, meanwhile, the outer ring 4 rotates relative to the inner ring, when one mounting frame 405 drives the roller 406 to be separated from the ceramic ball 2, the other mounting frame 405 adjacent to the roller 406 drives the roller 406 to roll onto the ceramic ball 2 again, so that the ceramic ball 2 can be always tightly limited in the raceway of the inner ring 1, when the mounting frame 405 drives the roller 406 to roll onto the ceramic ball 2, one end of the mounting frame 405 tilts first, the other end of the mounting frame 405 tilts again along with the continuous movement of the mounting frame 405, the rising speed of the piston rod 404 is slowed down, the resistance of the piston is reduced, and the resistance of the ceramic bearing in rotation is reduced; because the volume of the hydraulic oil in the cavity 401 is constant, the rising of one piston drives the falling of one piston, and the falling of the same piston drives the rising of one piston, so that the resistance of the rising and falling of the piston is equally divided onto each ceramic ball 2, the ceramic balls 2 can be uniformly stressed, and the service life of the ceramic balls 2 is prolonged; when the roller 406 rolls from the retainer 3 to the ceramic ball 2, the roller passes through the curved plate 409, and smoothly passes through the ceramic ball 2, so that the resistance of the roller 406 rolling from the retainer 3 to the ceramic ball 2 is reduced, and the roller is suitable for higher rotating speed.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used merely for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Finally, it should be pointed out that: the above examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not limited thereto. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any inventive step are within the scope of protection of the present invention.