CN109853000B - Preparation method of aluminum alloy section - Google Patents
Preparation method of aluminum alloy section Download PDFInfo
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- CN109853000B CN109853000B CN201910103164.XA CN201910103164A CN109853000B CN 109853000 B CN109853000 B CN 109853000B CN 201910103164 A CN201910103164 A CN 201910103164A CN 109853000 B CN109853000 B CN 109853000B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of an aluminum alloy section, and relates to the technical field of preparation methods of aluminum alloys. The method comprises the following steps: preparing an aluminum silicon ingot by an electrolytic in-situ preparation aluminum alloy device; placing the prepared aluminum-silicon ingots into a die of an extrusion molding machine for extrusion molding to obtain the aluminum alloy base material; cooling and quenching the obtained aluminum alloy section by adopting a water spraying and soaking method; sequentially spraying a protective layer, a colored paint coating and a varnish coating on the aluminum alloy section subjected to quenching treatment by adopting an electrostatic spraying method to prepare the aluminum alloy section; and cooling to room temperature to complete the preparation of the aluminum alloy section. The method has the advantages of energy conservation, high efficiency, low cost and the like in the process of preparing the aluminum silicon ingot.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of preparation methods of aluminum alloys, in particular to a preparation method of an aluminum alloy profile.
Background
The aluminum alloy is widely applied to the fields of aviation, aerospace, automobiles, ship manufacturing and the like due to the characteristics of light weight, corrosion resistance and high strength, is the most important non-ferrous metal alloy in the fields of mechanical manufacturing, electrical manufacturing, chemical engineering and the like, and is another important structural material behind steel materials. Aluminum-silicon alloy is the most important alloy system in aluminum alloy and can be used for casting, welding, forging, machining and the like. Because the chemical property of aluminum is relatively active, aluminum is generally prepared by aluminum oxide electrolysis, and the electrolyzed aluminum is fused with other elements to prepare aluminum-silicon alloy. Elemental silicon in the metallurgical industry is generally obtained by a reduction method or an electrolytic method. Therefore, the two elements are prepared respectively, and then are smelted and refined after being cooled, energy is wasted, the efficiency is low, and the smelting process of the aluminum alloy also pollutes the environment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of how to provide a preparation method of an aluminum alloy section with energy conservation, high efficiency and low cost.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the preparation method of the aluminum alloy profile is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
preparing an aluminum silicon ingot by an electrolytic in-situ preparation aluminum alloy device;
placing the prepared aluminum-silicon ingots into a die of an extrusion molding machine for extrusion molding to obtain the aluminum alloy base material;
cooling and quenching the obtained aluminum alloy section by adopting a water spraying and soaking method, so that the aluminum alloy section is rapidly cooled to 180-200 ℃, and is kept warm for 4-5 h;
sequentially spraying a protective layer, a colored paint coating and a varnish coating on the aluminum alloy section after quenching treatment by adopting an electrostatic spraying method to prepare the aluminum alloy section, and after each coating is sprayed, transferring the aluminum alloy section into an oven with the temperature of 170-200 ℃ for baking for 20-30 min;
and cooling to room temperature to complete the preparation of the aluminum alloy section.
The further technical scheme is that the method for preparing the aluminum silicon ingot by the aluminum alloy in-situ electrolysis preparation device comprises the following steps:
placing simple substance aluminum and silicon at the bottom of an electrolytic synthesis tank in a furnace body according to the chemical element ratio of required melting alloy, heating the aluminum and the silicon in the electrolytic synthesis tank by a first heater, a second heater and a third heater outside the electrolytic synthesis tank to melt the aluminum and the silicon into aluminum-silicon alloy melt, heating the aluminum and the silicon to 800-;
lowering the lower end of the insulating isolation cylinder into the aluminum-silicon alloy melt, and enabling the part of the common electrolysis cathode to enter the aluminum-silicon alloy melt, wherein a first electrolysis sub-cathode in the common electrolysis cathode is arranged at the part, immersed into the aluminum-silicon alloy melt, of the insulating isolation cylinder above the upper side end face, and a second electrolysis sub-cathode in the common electrolysis cathode is arranged close to the bottom of the electrolytic synthesis tank;
putting aluminum electrolyte into a space between the electrolytic synthesis tank and the insulating isolation cylinder through an aluminum oxide feeding pipe on the upper part of the furnace body, and putting silicon electrolyte into the inner side of the insulating isolation cylinder through a silicon dioxide feeding port; after the aluminum electrolyte and the silicon electrolyte are heated and melted, respectively immersing an aluminum electrolysis anode and a silicon electrolysis anode into the aluminum electrolyte and the silicon electrolyte;
controlling the electrolysis rate and the electrolysis molar weight of aluminum elements and silicon elements by controlling the current ratio of an aluminum electrolysis anode between the electrolytic synthesis tank and the insulating isolation cylinder and a silicon electrolysis anode outside the common electrolysis cathode to the common electrolysis cathode, and further controlling the components of the aluminum-silicon alloy melt; along with the electrolysis, respectively putting alumina and silicon dioxide into corresponding electrolytes through an alumina feeding pipe and a silicon dioxide feeding pipe; the material amount of aluminum element and silicon element in the feeding amount of aluminum oxide and silicon dioxide is the same as the material amount of aluminum element and silicon element formed on the interface of aluminum-silicon alloy melt and electrolyte in the electrolytic process;
along with the electrolysis, the pulling-down rate of the continuous casting aluminum silicon ingot in the directional continuous casting crucible on the discharge opening at the lower end of the electrolytic synthesis tank is controlled, so that the amount of aluminum elements and silicon elements in the aluminum silicon ingot pulled down is equal to the amount of aluminum elements and silicon elements generated on the interface of the aluminum-silicon alloy melt and the electrolyte, and the stability of the system is ensured; simultaneously cooling the continuous casting aluminum silicon ingot through a cooling port;
along with the electrolysis, aluminum oxide and silicon dioxide are respectively put into corresponding electrolytes through an aluminum oxide feeding port and a silicon dioxide feeding port, and the continuous formation of the continuous casting aluminum silicon ingot is realized along with the pull-down of the continuous casting aluminum silicon ingot.
The further technical scheme is as follows: the device for preparing the aluminum alloy in the electrolytic in-situ mode comprises a furnace body, wherein an electrolytic synthesis tank is arranged in the furnace body, an opening is formed in the upper end of the synthesis tank, a communicating pipe is arranged at the lower end of the synthesis tank, the communicating pipe extends to the outer side of the bottom of the furnace body, a first heater is arranged on the outer side of the communicating pipe in the furnace body, a second heater is arranged at the bottom of the electrolytic synthesis tank, a third heater is arranged on the side wall of the electrolytic synthesis tank, the lower end opening of the communicating pipe is communicated with the upper end opening of a directional continuous casting crucible, and an electromagnetic restraint device is arranged on the outer side of the directional; the electrolytic synthesis device is characterized in that a liftable insulating isolation cylinder is arranged in the synthesis tank, a common electrolytic cathode is arranged in the isolation cylinder, a silicon electrolytic anode is sleeved on the outer side of the common electrolytic cathode, an electrode insulating layer is arranged between the common electrolytic cathode and the silicon electrolytic anode, an aluminum electrolytic anode is positioned in the electrolytic synthesis tank on the outer side of the insulating isolation cylinder, a silicon dioxide feeding cylinder is arranged on a furnace body on the upper side of the insulating isolation cylinder and used for feeding silicon electrolyte or silicon dioxide into the isolation cylinder, and an aluminum oxide feeding pipe is arranged at the top of the furnace body between the insulating isolation cylinder and the electrolytic synthesis tank and used for feeding aluminum electrolyte or aluminum oxide into the electrolytic synthesis tank.
The further technical scheme is as follows: the common electrolytic cathode comprises a common electrolytic cathode main shaft, a main air passage is arranged on the common electrolytic cathode main shaft, a first electrolytic sub-cathode is arranged at the middle lower part of the electrolytic cathode main shaft, a plurality of first sub-air passages communicated with the main air passage are arranged on the first electrolytic sub-cathode, a first air supply hole is formed at the outer side of each first sub-air passage, and the first electrolytic sub-cathodes are arranged in a circular ring shape; a plurality of second electrolysis sub-cathodes arranged in a radial mode are arranged on the electrolysis cathode main shaft on the lower side of the first electrolysis sub-cathode, a plurality of second air distribution channels communicated with the main air channel are arranged on the second electrolysis sub-cathodes, and second air supply holes are formed in the outer sides of the second air distribution channels.
The further technical scheme is as follows: auxiliary preheating resistance wires are arranged on the outer side of the silicon dioxide feeding barrel and the outer side of the aluminum oxide feeding pipe and used for heating materials in the feeding pipes; the furnace body is provided with an exhaust pipe, and the exhaust pipe is provided with a valve; temperature thermocouples are arranged in the electrolytic synthesis tank and the insulating isolation cylinder and are used for measuring the temperature of the material at the corresponding position.
The further technical scheme is as follows: the directional continuous casting crucible comprises an insulating washer located on the upper side, a plurality of crucible petals are arranged on the lower side of the insulating washer, and crucible seams are formed by gaps between the crucible petals and the crucible petals.
The further technical scheme is as follows: and a cooling pipe is arranged at the lower side of the electromagnetic restraint device and is used for cooling continuous casting aluminum silicon ingots discharged from the continuous casting crucible.
The further technical scheme is as follows: and a common electrolytic cathode driving device is arranged on the outer side of the furnace body and is used for driving the common electrolytic cathode to rotate so as to enable the second electrolytic partial cathode to form a stirring effect.
The further technical scheme is as follows: and the inlet of the main air passage is an air supply main hole, the refining gas enters the main air passage through the air supply main hole, then is conveyed into the first air dividing passage and the second air dividing passage and is discharged through the first air dividing hole and the second air dividing hole on the first air dividing passage and the second air dividing passage, and the discharged refining gas enters the aluminum-silicon alloy melt to realize the refining of the melt.
Adopt the produced beneficial effect of above-mentioned technical scheme to lie in: in the process of preparing the aluminum silicon ingot, an aluminum-silicon alloy melt is formed by designing an isolation structure in an electrolysis system through electrolysis, the components of the aluminum-silicon alloy melt are controlled at will by controlling the current on an electrode, then the aluminum-silicon alloy is purified and continuously cast through electromagnetic soft contact continuous casting to prepare the aluminum-silicon alloy ingot, and the current ratio and the continuous casting speed on the electrode determine the structure and the components of the aluminum-silicon alloy ingot. Meanwhile, the method can realize refining degassing and deslagging remelting of the aluminum-silicon alloy and can realize continuous preparation of aluminum-silicon alloy ingots, so that the method has the characteristics of energy conservation, high efficiency and economy.
Drawings
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a common electrolytic cathode in an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the structure of a directional continuous casting crucible in the apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention;
wherein: 1: a common electrolytic cathode; 1-1: a main air supply hole; 1-2: electrolyzing the cathode main shaft; 1-3: a first electrolytic split cathode; 1-4: a first air distribution hole; 1-5: a second electrolytic split cathode; 1-6: a second air distribution hole; 2: a silicon electrolytic anode; 3: an electrode insulating layer; 4: a silicon dioxide feeding pipe; 5: a furnace body; 6: an insulating isolation cylinder; 7: an aluminum electrolysis anode; 8: an electrolytic synthesis tank; 9: aluminum electrolyte; 10: a silicon electrolyte; 11: an aluminum-silicon alloy melt; 12: an electromagnetic restraint; 13: directional continuous casting crucible; 13-1: a crucible flap; 13-2: a crucible seam; 14: a cooling tube; 15: continuously casting an aluminum silicon ingot; 16: a first heater; 17: a second heater; 18: a third heater; 19: measuring temperature thermocouple; 20: auxiliary preheating of resistance wires; 21: an exhaust pipe; 22: an aluminum oxide feeding port; 23: an insulating washer.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described and will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and therefore the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
As shown in FIG. 1, the embodiment of the invention discloses a preparation method of an aluminum alloy profile, which comprises the following steps:
preparing an aluminum silicon ingot by an electrolytic in-situ preparation aluminum alloy device;
placing the prepared aluminum-silicon ingots into a die of an extrusion molding machine for extrusion molding to obtain the aluminum alloy base material;
cooling and quenching the obtained aluminum alloy section by adopting a water spraying and soaking method, so that the aluminum alloy section is rapidly cooled to 180-200 ℃, and is kept warm for 4-5 h;
sequentially spraying a protective layer, a colored paint coating and a varnish coating on the aluminum alloy section after quenching treatment by adopting an electrostatic spraying method to prepare the aluminum alloy section, and after each coating is sprayed, transferring the aluminum alloy section into an oven with the temperature of 170-200 ℃ for baking for 20-30 min;
and cooling to room temperature to complete the preparation of the aluminum alloy section.
It should be noted that, in the preparation method of the aluminum alloy profile, except for the preparation of the aluminum silicon ingot, the other steps may use the prior art, and are not described herein again.
The method for preparing the aluminum silicon ingot by the electrolytic in-situ preparation device comprises the following steps:
placing simple substance aluminum and silicon at the bottom of an electrolytic synthesis tank 8 in a furnace body 5 according to the chemical element ratio of required melting alloy, heating the aluminum and the silicon in the electrolytic synthesis tank 8 through a first heater 16, a second heater 17 and a third heater 18 on the outer side of the electrolytic synthesis tank 8 to melt and match the aluminum and the silicon into an aluminum-silicon alloy melt 11, heating the aluminum and the silicon to 800-;
the lower end of an insulating isolation cylinder 6 is lowered into an aluminum-silicon alloy melt 11, and part of a common electrolysis cathode 1 enters the aluminum-silicon alloy melt 11, wherein a first electrolysis sub-cathode 1-3 in the common electrolysis cathode 1 is arranged at the part of the insulating isolation cylinder 6, which is immersed into the aluminum-silicon alloy melt 11, above the upper side end face, and a second electrolysis sub-cathode 1-5 in the common electrolysis cathode 1 is arranged close to the bottom of an electrolytic synthesis tank 8;
putting aluminum electrolyte 9 into a space between an electrolytic synthesis tank 8 and an insulating isolation cylinder 6 through an aluminum oxide feeding pipe 22 on the upper part of a furnace body 5, and putting silicon electrolyte 10 into the inner side of the insulating isolation cylinder 6 through a silicon dioxide feeding port 4; after the aluminum electrolyte and the silicon electrolyte are heated and melted, respectively immersing an aluminum electrolysis anode 7 and a silicon electrolysis anode 2 into the aluminum electrolyte 9 and the silicon electrolyte 10;
controlling the electrolysis rate and the electrolysis molar weight of aluminum element and silicon element by controlling the current ratio of the aluminum electrolysis anode 7 between the electrolysis synthesis tank 8 and the insulating isolation cylinder 6 and the silicon electrolysis anode 2 outside the common electrolysis cathode to the common electrolysis cathode 1, and further controlling the components of the aluminum-silicon alloy melt 11; along with the electrolysis, aluminum oxide and silicon dioxide are respectively put into corresponding electrolytes through an aluminum oxide feeding pipe 22 and a silicon dioxide feeding pipe 4; the amount of aluminum and silicon in the aluminum oxide and silicon dioxide feeding amount is the same as the amount of aluminum and silicon formed on the interface of the aluminum-silicon alloy melt 11 and the electrolyte in the electrolytic process;
along with the electrolysis, the pulling-down rate of the continuous casting aluminum-silicon ingot 15 in the directional continuous casting crucible 13 on the discharge opening at the lower end of the electrolytic synthesis tank 8 is controlled to be equal to the amount of aluminum and silicon element substances generated on the interface of the aluminum-silicon alloy melt 11 and the electrolyte, so as to ensure the stability of the system; simultaneously cooling the continuous casting aluminum silicon ingot 15 through the cooling port 14;
along with the electrolysis, aluminum oxide and silicon dioxide are respectively fed into corresponding electrolytes through an aluminum oxide feeding port 22 and a silicon dioxide feeding port 4, and the continuous formation of the continuous casting aluminum silicon ingot 15 is realized along with the pull-down of the continuous casting aluminum silicon ingot 15.
The silicon electrolyte 10 includes: mainly composed of CaO and CaCl2Molten salt electrolyte of composition: SiO 22、CaO、CaCl2And Ca2SiF6The mass percentage of the electrolyte is 1-35: 1: 0.01-0.2: 0-0.1, and the electrolysis temperature is 800-1000 ℃; mainly composed of Na3AlF6And LiF: na (Na)3AlF6The molar ratio of the mixed molten salt to LiF is 1-90: 1, or K is added2SiF610-20% of SiO2Is Na3AlF6LiF and K2SiF6The weight percentage of the mixed molten salt is 4-10%, and the electrolysis temperature is 800-1000 ℃.
The aluminum electrolyte 9 includes: the molar ratio of NaF to AlF3 was: 2.6 to 2.8, Al2O3The weight percentage of the mixed molten salt is 1-8%; NaCl with the weight percentage of 2-5 percent or CaF with the weight percentage of 1-5 percent can be added into the electrolyte2Or adding 1-5 wt% of CaF2With 1-5% by weight of AlF3The electrolysis temperature is 700-1000 ℃.
In addition, the method can also be used for the continuous casting process, and the continuous casting process of the aluminum-silicon alloy can be realized by changing the directional continuous casting crucible 13 into a casting mold.
As shown in fig. 2, the device for preparing aluminum alloy in situ by electrolysis comprises a furnace body 5, wherein an electrolysis synthesis tank 8 is arranged in the furnace body 5, an opening is arranged at the upper end of the synthesis tank, and a communicating pipe is arranged at the lower end of the synthesis tank and extends to the outer side of the bottom of the furnace body 5. The outer side of a communicating pipe in the furnace body 5 is provided with a first heater 16, the bottom of the electrolytic synthesis tank 8 is provided with a second heater 17, and the side wall of the electrolytic synthesis tank 8 is provided with a third heater 18. The lower end opening of the communicating pipe is communicated with the upper end opening of the directional continuous casting crucible 13, and the electromagnetic restraint device 12 is arranged on the outer side of the directional continuous casting crucible 13. The synthesis device is characterized in that a liftable insulating isolation cylinder 6 is arranged in the synthesis tank, a common electrolytic cathode 1 is arranged in the isolation cylinder, a silicon electrolytic anode 2 is sleeved outside the common electrolytic cathode 1, an electrode insulating layer 3 is arranged between the common electrolytic cathode 1 and the silicon electrolytic anode 2, and an aluminum electrolytic anode 7 is arranged in an electrolysis synthesis tank 8 outside the insulating isolation cylinder 6. A silicon dioxide charging barrel 4 is arranged on the furnace body 5 on the upper side of the insulating isolation barrel 6 and used for charging silicon electrolyte or silicon dioxide into the isolation barrel, and an aluminum oxide charging pipe 22 is arranged at the top of the furnace body between the insulating isolation barrel 6 and the electrolytic synthesis tank 8 and used for charging aluminum electrolyte or aluminum oxide into the electrolytic synthesis tank 8.
As shown in fig. 3, the common electrolytic cathode 1 includes a main electrolytic cathode shaft 1-2, a main air passage is provided thereon, a first electrolytic sub-cathode 1-3 is provided at the middle lower part of the main electrolytic cathode shaft 1-2, a plurality of first sub-air passages communicated with the main air passage are provided on the first electrolytic sub-cathode 1-3, a first air supply hole 1-4 is formed at the outer side of the first sub-air passages, and the first electrolytic sub-cathode 1-3 is arranged in a circular ring shape; a plurality of second electrolysis sub-cathodes 1-5 which are radially arranged are arranged on the electrolysis cathode main shaft 1-2 at the lower side of the first electrolysis sub-cathodes 1-3, a plurality of second air distribution channels communicated with the main air channel are arranged on the second electrolysis sub-cathodes 1-5, and second air supply holes 1-6 are formed at the outer sides of the second air distribution channels.
And a common electrolytic cathode driving device is arranged on the outer side of the furnace body 5 and is used for driving the common electrolytic cathode 1 to rotate, so that the second electrolytic cathodes 1-5 form a stirring effect. The inlet of the main air channel is a main air supply hole 1-1, refined gas enters the main air channel through the main air supply hole 1-1 and then is supplied into the first air dividing channel and the second air dividing channel and is discharged through the first air supply hole 1-4 and the second air supply hole 1-6 on the first air dividing channel and the second air dividing channel, and the discharged refined gas enters the aluminum-silicon alloy melt 11 to realize the refining of the melt.
The aluminum electrolyte 9, the silicon electrolyte 10 and the aluminum-silicon alloy melt 11 in the electrolytic synthesis cell 8 are heated by a first heater 16, a second heater 17 and a third heater 18. The common electrolytic cathode 1 and the silicon electrolytic anode 2 are used for electrolyzing silicon dioxide, silicon element is formed at the interface of the silicon electrolyte 10 and the aluminum-silicon alloy melt 11 and enters the aluminum-silicon alloy melt 11, aluminum oxide is electrolyzed by the common electrolytic cathode 1 and the aluminum electrolytic anode 7, and aluminum element is formed at the interface of the aluminum electrolyte 9 and the aluminum-silicon alloy melt 11 and enters the aluminum-silicon alloy melt 11. The common electrolytic cathode 1 rotates continuously along with the electrolysis, and the aluminum-silicon alloy melt 11 is stirred through the projection of the second electrolytic sub-cathode 1-5, so that elements on the interface of the aluminum-silicon alloy melt 11, the aluminum electrolyte 9 and the silicon electrolyte 10 enter the aluminum-silicon alloy melt 11.
And the refining gas is fed into the aluminum-silicon alloy melt 11 through the gas feeding main hole 1-1, so that the aluminum-silicon alloy melt 11 is refined. The refined melt enters a directional continuous casting crucible 13 to realize the continuous casting of the aluminum-silicon alloy melt 11. Along with the electrolysis process, silicon element and aluminum element are continuously supplemented into the electrolysis-synthesis-continuous casting system through the silicon dioxide feeding port 4 and the aluminum oxide feeding port 22. The refining gas comprises nitrogen, argon and/or chlorine and the like; the parts of the first electrolytic partial cathode 1-3 and the second electrolytic partial cathode 1-5, which are immersed in the aluminum-silicon alloy melt 11, are made of titanium boride, graphite or yttrium materials.
As shown in fig. 2, an auxiliary preheating resistance wire 20 is disposed outside the silicon dioxide charging barrel 4 and outside the aluminum oxide charging pipe 22, and is used for preheating aluminum oxide and silicon dioxide to the electrolysis temperature of the aluminum electrolyte 9 and the silicon electrolyte 10, so as to prevent the aluminum-silicon alloy melt 11 from solidification and crystallization caused by the charging of the cold aluminum oxide and silicon dioxide. An exhaust pipe 21 is arranged on the furnace body 5, and a valve is arranged on the exhaust pipe 21 and used for exhausting gas outwards. Temperature thermocouples 19 are arranged in the electrolytic synthesis tank 8 and the insulating isolation cylinder 6 and are used for measuring the temperature of the material at the corresponding position.
As shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, the directional casting crucible 13 comprises an insulating washer 23 positioned on the upper side, a plurality of crucible petals 13-1 are arranged on the lower side of the insulating washer 23, and a crucible slit 13-2 is formed by the space between the crucible petals 13-1 and the crucible petals 13-1. A cooling pipe 14 is arranged at the lower side of the electromagnetic restraint device 12 and is used for cooling the continuous casting aluminum silicon ingot 15 discharged from the continuous casting crucible 13.
In the process of preparing the aluminum silicon ingot, an aluminum-silicon alloy melt is formed by designing an isolation structure for electrolysis in an electrolysis system, the components of the aluminum-silicon alloy melt are controlled at will by controlling the current on an electrode, then the aluminum-silicon alloy is purified and continuously cast by electromagnetic soft contact continuous casting to prepare the aluminum-silicon alloy ingot (the soft contact is the action of an electromagnetic restraint device and is used for reducing the contact between a continuous casting piece and a casting mold, so that the continuous casting process is smooth, the surface quality of the continuous casting piece is improved, and the condition that the alloy melt cannot flow out of an electrolysis crucible and a directional solidification crucible is ensured at the same time), and the current ratio on the electrode and the continuous casting speed determine the structure and the components of the aluminum. Meanwhile, the method can realize refining degassing and deslagging remelting of the aluminum-silicon alloy and can realize continuous preparation of aluminum-silicon alloy ingots, so that the method has the characteristics of energy conservation, high efficiency and economy.
Claims (8)
1. The preparation method of the aluminum alloy profile is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the method for preparing the aluminum silicon ingot by the aluminum alloy in-situ electrolysis preparation device comprises the following steps:
placing simple substance aluminum and silicon at the bottom of an electrolytic synthesis tank (8) in a furnace body (5) according to the chemical element ratio of the required melting alloy, heating the simple substance aluminum and the silicon in the electrolytic synthesis tank (8) by a first heater (16), a second heater (17) and a third heater (18) at the outer side of the electrolytic synthesis tank (8) to melt and match the simple substance aluminum and the silicon into an aluminum-silicon alloy melt (11), heating the aluminum-silicon alloy melt to 800-1000 ℃, and starting an electromagnetic restraint device (12) at the outer side of the furnace body;
lowering the lower end of an insulating separation cylinder (6) into the aluminum-silicon alloy melt (11), and partially enabling a common electrolytic cathode (1) to enter the aluminum-silicon alloy melt (11), wherein a first electrolytic sub-cathode (1-3) in the common electrolytic cathode (1) is arranged at the part, immersed above the upper side end face of the aluminum-silicon alloy melt (11), of the insulating separation cylinder (6), and a second electrolytic sub-cathode (1-5) in the common electrolytic cathode (1) is arranged at the position close to the bottom of an electrolytic synthesis tank (8);
putting aluminum electrolyte (9) into a space between an electrolytic synthesis tank (8) and an insulating isolation cylinder (6) through an aluminum oxide feeding pipe (22) at the upper part of a furnace body (5), and putting silicon electrolyte (10) into the inner side of the insulating isolation cylinder (6) through a silicon dioxide feeding pipe (4); after the aluminum electrolyte and the silicon electrolyte are heated and melted, respectively immersing an aluminum electrolysis anode (7) and a silicon electrolysis anode (2) into the aluminum electrolyte (9) and the silicon electrolyte (10);
controlling the electrolysis rate and the electrolysis molar weight of aluminum elements and silicon elements by controlling the current ratio of an aluminum electrolysis anode (7) between an electrolysis synthesis tank (8) and an insulating isolation cylinder (6) and a silicon electrolysis anode (2) outside a common electrolysis cathode to the common electrolysis cathode (1), and further controlling the components of the aluminum-silicon alloy melt (11); along with the electrolysis, aluminum oxide and silicon dioxide are respectively put into corresponding electrolytes through an aluminum oxide feeding pipe (22) and a silicon dioxide feeding pipe (4); the amount of the aluminum element and the silicon element in the feeding amount of the aluminum oxide and the silicon dioxide is the same as the amount of the aluminum-silicon alloy melt (11) and the aluminum element and the silicon element formed on the electrolyte interface in the electrolytic process;
along with the electrolysis, the pulling-down speed of a continuous casting aluminum silicon ingot (15) in a directional continuous casting crucible (13) on a discharge opening at the lower end of an electrolytic synthesis tank (8) is controlled, so that the quantity of aluminum elements and silicon elements in the pulled-down aluminum silicon ingot is equal to the quantity of aluminum elements and silicon elements generated on the interface of an aluminum-silicon alloy melt (11) and an electrolyte, and the stability of the system is ensured; simultaneously cooling the continuous casting aluminum silicon ingot (15) through a cooling pipe (14);
along with the electrolysis, aluminum oxide and silicon dioxide are respectively put into corresponding electrolytes through an aluminum oxide feeding pipe (22) and a silicon dioxide feeding pipe (4), and the continuous formation of the continuous casting aluminum silicon ingot (15) is realized along with the pull-down of the continuous casting aluminum silicon ingot (15);
placing the prepared aluminum-silicon ingots into a die of an extrusion molding machine for extrusion molding to obtain an aluminum alloy section;
cooling and quenching the obtained aluminum alloy section by adopting a water spraying and soaking method, so that the aluminum alloy section is rapidly cooled to 180-200 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 4-5 hours;
sequentially spraying a protective layer, a colored paint coating and a varnish coating on the aluminum alloy section after quenching treatment by adopting an electrostatic spraying method to prepare the aluminum alloy section, and after each coating is sprayed, transferring the aluminum alloy section into an oven with the temperature of 170-200 ℃ for baking for 20-30 min;
and cooling to room temperature to complete the preparation of the aluminum alloy section.
2. The method for producing an aluminum alloy profile according to claim 1, characterized in that: the device for preparing the aluminum alloy in the electrolytic in-situ mode comprises a furnace body (5), wherein an electrolytic synthesis tank (8) is arranged in the furnace body (5), an opening is formed in the upper end of the synthesis tank, a communicating pipe is arranged at the lower end of the synthesis tank and extends to the outer side of the bottom of the furnace body (5), a first heater (16) is arranged on the outer side of the communicating pipe in the furnace body (5), a second heater (17) is arranged at the bottom of the electrolytic synthesis tank (8), a third heater (18) is arranged on the side wall of the electrolytic synthesis tank (8), the opening at the lower end of the communicating pipe is communicated with the opening at the upper end of a directional continuous casting crucible (13), and an electromagnetic restraint device (12) is arranged on the outer side of the directional continuous casting crucible; a liftable insulating isolation cylinder (6) is arranged in the synthesis tank, a common electrolytic cathode (1) is arranged in the isolation cylinder, the outer side of the common electrolytic cathode (1) is sleeved with a silicon electrolytic anode (2), an electrode insulating layer (3) is arranged between the common electrolytic cathode (1) and the silicon electrolytic anode (2), an aluminum electrolytic anode (7) is positioned in an electrolytic synthesis tank (8) at the outer side of the insulating isolation cylinder (6), a silicon dioxide feeding pipe (4) is arranged on the furnace body (5) at the upper side of the insulating isolation cylinder (6), used for putting silicon electrolyte or silicon dioxide into the isolation cylinder, an aluminum oxide feeding pipe (22) is arranged at the top of the furnace body between the insulation isolation cylinder (6) and the electrolytic synthesis tank (8), for feeding an aluminum electrolyte or alumina into the electrolytic synthesis tank (8).
3. The method for producing an aluminum alloy profile according to claim 2, characterized in that: the common electrolytic cathode (1) comprises an electrolytic cathode main shaft (1-2) provided with a main air passage, a first electrolytic sub-cathode (1-3) is arranged at the middle lower part of the electrolytic cathode main shaft (1-2), a plurality of first air dividing passages communicated with the main air passage are arranged on the first electrolytic sub-cathode (1-3), a first air dividing hole (1-4) is formed at the outer side of each first air dividing passage, and the first electrolytic sub-cathodes (1-3) are arranged in a circular ring shape; a plurality of second electrolysis sub-cathodes (1-5) which are radially arranged are arranged on the electrolysis cathode main shaft (1-2) at the lower side of the first electrolysis sub-cathodes (1-3), a plurality of second gas distribution channels communicated with the main gas channel are arranged on the second electrolysis sub-cathodes (1-5), and second gas distribution holes (1-6) are formed at the outer sides of the second gas distribution channels.
4. The method for producing an aluminum alloy profile according to claim 2, characterized in that: auxiliary preheating resistance wires (20) are arranged on the outer side of the silicon dioxide feeding pipe (4) and the outer side of the aluminum oxide feeding pipe (22) and are used for heating materials in the feeding pipes; an exhaust pipe (21) is arranged on the furnace body (5), and a valve is arranged on the exhaust pipe (21); temperature thermocouples (19) are arranged in the electrolytic synthesis tank (8) and the insulating isolation cylinder (6) and are used for measuring the temperature of the material at the corresponding position.
5. The method for producing an aluminum alloy profile according to claim 2, characterized in that: the directional continuous casting crucible (13) comprises an insulating washer (23) positioned on the upper side, a plurality of crucible flaps (13-1) are arranged on the lower side of the insulating washer (23), and crucible gaps (13-2) are formed by gaps between the crucible flaps (13-1) and the crucible flaps (13-1).
6. The method for producing an aluminum alloy profile according to claim 2, characterized in that: and a cooling pipe (14) is arranged at the lower side of the electromagnetic restraint device (12) and is used for cooling the continuous casting aluminum silicon ingot (15) discharged from the continuous casting crucible (13).
7. The method for producing an aluminum alloy profile according to claim 2, characterized in that: and a common electrolytic cathode driving device is arranged on the outer side of the furnace body (5) and is used for driving the common electrolytic cathode (1) to rotate, so that the second electrolytic sub-cathode (1-5) forms a stirring effect.
8. A method of producing an aluminum alloy profile as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: the inlet of the main gas channel is a gas supply main hole (1-1), refining gas enters the main gas channel through the gas supply main hole (1-1) and then is sent into the first gas distribution channel and the second gas distribution channel and is discharged through the first gas distribution hole (1-4) and the second gas distribution hole (1-6) in the first gas distribution channel and the second gas distribution channel, and the discharged refining gas enters the aluminum-silicon alloy melt (11) to realize the refining of the melt.
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Effective date of registration: 20200423 Address after: 201299 workshop No. 1, B District, 6999 Chuansha Road, Shanghai, Pudong New Area Applicant after: CHANNEL SYSTEMS (SHANGHAI) Co.,Ltd. Address before: 050000 Unit 602, Building 40, Unit 3, 416 Huaibei Road, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province Applicant before: Meng Jing |
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