CN109851999A - A kind of preparation method of carbon fibre composite - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of carbon fibre composite Download PDFInfo
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- CN109851999A CN109851999A CN201811607336.9A CN201811607336A CN109851999A CN 109851999 A CN109851999 A CN 109851999A CN 201811607336 A CN201811607336 A CN 201811607336A CN 109851999 A CN109851999 A CN 109851999A
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Abstract
The preparation method of carbon fibre composite includes: that aromatic dicarboxylic acid anhydride and organic diamine are made to the fragrant condensed ring molecular solution that virtue condensed ring molecular mass number is 1%~5% in polar aprotic solvent;Carbon nanomaterial is added in fragrant condensed ring molecular solution, pH value is adjusted to 5~9 by ultrasonic disperse, and the molecule assembles concentration that carbon nanomaterial mass concentration is 0.3~0.9mg/mL is made;Unsized carbon fiber is impregnated in molecule assembles concentration, is dried in vacuo, forms modulus transition zone in carbon fiber surface;The carbon fiber of the transition zone containing modulus and resin system preimpregnation is compound, it is heated by solidification temperature, carbon fibre composite is made.By constructing carbon nanomaterial/virtue condensed ring assembly in carbon fiber surface, improve the interface phase modulus of carbon fibre composite, so that the modulus smooth transition of carbon fiber and resin matrix, and resin matrix can sufficiently infiltrate transition zone, the mechanical engagement and chemical bonds for realizing carbon fiber and resin matrix, improve the interfacial bond property of carbon fibre composite.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of compound material more particularly to a kind of preparation methods of carbon fibre composite.
Background technique
Carbon fiber is graphite-like structure made of axially being piled up as flake graphite along fiber, and surface roughness is low,
Chemical inertness is big, the bad adhesion with resin matrix, and commercialization carbon fiber surface generally coats one layer of cementing agent, fine as connection
The interface phase of peacekeeping resin matrix and " bridge " of transmitting load, but since the modulus difference of carbon fiber and resin matrix is excessive,
It is unfavorable for stress to uniformly transfer between carbon fiber and resin matrix.
To make the modulus smooth transition between carbon fiber and resin matrix, document (application shows science, 2015,347,
Phase modulus transition zone in interface 583-590) is formed with the physical absorption of carbon nanotube (CNTs) and carbon fiber surface, but CNTs group
Poly- that stress is caused to be concentrated, composite material is easy to happen interfacial detachment destruction.
Nomex rigid polymer of the Chinese patent (CN104884511A) with compatibility better than epoxy resin is in carbon fiber
Dimension has constructed interfaces transition phase, but needs to be formed the solubility gradient of rigid polymer, Cai Nengshi circle by the migration agent of toughness
Face phase modulus smooth transition, this method technique is cumbersome and not can guarantee stability.
Summary of the invention
In order to improve the interface phase modulus of carbon fibre composite, improve the interfacial bond property of carbon fibre composite.
The present invention provides a kind of preparation methods of carbon fibre composite.
The preparation method of carbon fibre composite provided by the invention, comprising: by aromatic dicarboxylic acid anhydride and organic diamine
In polar aprotic solvent, the fragrant condensed ring molecular solution that virtue condensed ring molecular mass number is 1%~5% is made;By carbon nanometer material
Material is added into fragrant condensed ring molecular solution, and pH value is adjusted to 5~9 by ultrasonic disperse, and the mass concentration that carbon nanomaterial is made is
The molecule assembles concentration of 0.3mg/mL~0.9mg/mL;Unsized carbon fiber is impregnated in molecule assembles concentration, is dried in vacuo,
Carbon fiber surface forms modulus transition zone;The carbon fiber of the transition zone containing modulus and resin system preimpregnation is compound, by solidification temperature
Carbon fibre composite is made in heating.
Preferably, in the above preparation method, the aromatic dicarboxylic acid anhydride and organic diamine for being 1:2~1:4 by molar ratio
It is added into the polar aprotic solvent containing catalyst, 16~32h is reacted at 65 DEG C~120 DEG C, it is molten that virtue condensed ring molecule is made
Liquid, wherein the dosage of catalyst is the 0.1%~0.3% of aromatic dicarboxylic acid anhydride quality.
Preferably, in the above preparation method, unsized carbon fiber is impregnated to 2~10min in molecule assembles concentration, very
After sky is dry, modulus transition zone is formed in carbon fiber surface, wherein the quality of modulus transition zone is the 0.5% of carbon fiber quality
~2%.
Preferably, in the above preparation method, aromatic dicarboxylic acid anhydride is Isosorbide-5-Nitrae, 5,8- naphthalenetetracarbacidic acidic dianhydrides, 3,4,9,10-
Tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, pyromellitic acid anhydride, bibenzene tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,3', 4,4'- benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2,3,
3', 4'- diphenyl ether tetraformic dianhydride, 3,3', one of 4,4'- triphen bis ether tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride or multiple combinations.
Preferably, in the above preparation method, organic diamine is aliphatic diamine, aromatic diamine and alicyclic
One of diamine or multiple combinations.
Preferably, in the above preparation method, polar aprotic solvent is one of ethyl alcohol, methanol, ethylene glycol, glycerine
Or multiple combinations.
Preferably, in the above preparation method, after ultrasonic disperse, pH value is adjusted by alkaline solution, wherein alkalinity is molten
Liquid is one of sodium hydroxide solution, calcium hydroxide solution, potassium hydroxide solution or multiple combinations.
Preferably, in the above preparation method, carbon nanomaterial be one of carbon nanotube, graphene, fullerene or
Multiple combinations.
Preferably, in the above preparation method, carbon fiber be high-modules carbon fibre, high-strength carbon fibre, high-strength middle modules carbon fibre,
One of high-strength high-modules carbon fibre.
Preferably, in the above preparation method, resin system is epoxy resin, phenolic resin, bismaleimide, cyanic acid
One of ester, polyimides or multiple combinations.
The preparation method of fibrous composite provided by the invention, by constructing carbon nanomaterial/virtue in carbon fiber surface
Condensed ring assembly improves the interface phase modulus of carbon fibre composite as modulus transition zone, so that carbon fiber and resin base
The modulus smooth transition of body, while resin matrix can sufficiently infiltrate modulus transition zone, realize the machinery of carbon fiber and resin matrix
Engagement and chemical bonds, improve the interfacial bond property of carbon fibre composite.
Detailed description of the invention
It, below will be to specific in order to illustrate more clearly of the specific embodiment of the invention or technical solution in the prior art
Embodiment or attached drawing needed to be used in the description of the prior art are briefly described.
Fig. 1 is the carbon nanotube/nano needle shape virtue condensed ring assembling transition of the carbon fiber surface in the embodiment of the present invention 1
The SEM shape appearance figure of layer.
Fig. 2 a is the carbon fibre composite AFM mechanical mode pattern of the transition zone containing modulus in the embodiment of the present invention 1
And Fig. 2 b is modulus change figure.
Fig. 3 is the graphene/nanometer disc-shaped virtue condensed ring assembling transition zone of the carbon fiber surface in the embodiment of the present invention 2
SEM shape appearance figure.
Fig. 4 is that micro- debonding interface shearing of the monofilament composite material in the embodiment of the present invention 1~3 and comparative example is strong
Degree.
Specific embodiment
According to following embodiments, the present invention may be better understood.However, content described in the present embodiment is only used for
The bright present invention, without the present invention described in claims should will not be limited.
The preparation method of carbon fibre composite provided by the invention, comprising the following steps:
By aromatic dicarboxylic acid anhydride and organic diamine in polar aprotic solvent, virtue condensed ring molecular mass number, which is made, is
1%~5% fragrant condensed ring molecular solution.It in this step, is 1:2~1:4 aromatic dicarboxylic acid anhydride and organic binary by molar ratio
Amine reacts 16~32h at 65 DEG C~120 DEG C and fragrant condensed ring molecular solution is made in the solvent containing catalyst, relatively organic
Dibasic anhydride dosage, catalyst quality number are 0.1%~0.3%.Preferably, aromatic dicarboxylic acid anhydride is Isosorbide-5-Nitrae, 5,8- naphthalenetetracarbacidic acidics
Dianhydride, 3,4,9,10- tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, pyromellitic acid anhydride, bibenzene tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,3', 4,4'- benzophenone four
Formic acid dianhydride, 2,3,3', 4'- diphenyl ether tetraformic dianhydride, 3,3', one of 4,4'- triphen bis ether tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride or more
Kind combination;Organic diamine is one of aliphatic diamine, aromatic diamine and cycloalphatic diamine or multiple combinations;
And polar aprotic solvent is the mixed solution that one or more of ethyl alcohol, methanol, ethylene glycol, glycerine are composed.Its
In, the type of catalyst is determined according to selected aromatic dicarboxylic acid anhydride with organic diamine, specifically as lifted in embodiment.
Carbon nanomaterial is added into fragrant condensed ring molecular solution, pH value is adjusted to 5~9 by ultrasonic disperse, preferred to adjust
It saves to 6~9, the mass concentration that carbon nanomaterial is made is the molecule assembles concentration of 0.3mg/mL~0.9mg/mL.In this step,
Carbon nanomaterial adsorbs fragrant condensed ring molecule after ultrasonic disperse.Preferably, alkaline solution can be used and adjust pH value, alkaline solution
For sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution, calcium hydroxide (Ca (OH)2) solution, one of potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution or a variety of groups
It closes.Carbon nanomaterial is one of carbon nanotube, graphene, fullerene or multiple combinations.
Unsized carbon fiber is impregnated in molecule assembles concentration, is dried in vacuo, forms modulus transition in carbon fiber surface
Layer.By unsized impregnated carbon fiber in molecule assembles concentration, dip time is 2~10min, then the vacuum in drying oven
It is dry, after winding, carbon nanomaterial/different-shape virtue condensed ring is formed in carbon fiber surface and assembles transition zone, that is, modulus transition
Layer.Wherein, the quality of modulus transition zone is the 0.5%~2% of carbon fiber quality.Fragrant condensed ring molecule has coplanar conjugated body
Architecture can be volatilized by the solvent of molecule assembles concentration and promote the intermolecular pi-pi accumulation of fragrant condensed ring, and with molecule assembles concentration pH value
Regulate and control Amino End Group-NH3 +Between hydrogen bond action, it can be driven to be assembled into different-shape, further by the way that π-is pi-conjugated and electrostatic is inhaled
Draw, fragrant condensed ring assembly is adsorbable in carbon nanomaterial, forms carbon nanomaterial/virtue condensed ring assembly as modulus transition zone.
Wherein, fragrant condensed ring self-assembly can be one in nanoneedle leaf, nanodiscs, nanometer rods, nano wire, nanosphere, nano flower
Kind or multiple combinations.Carbon fiber is high-modules carbon fibre, in high-strength carbon fibre, high-strength middle modules carbon fibre, high-strength high-modules carbon fibre
It is a kind of.Carbon nanomaterial/virtue condensed ring assembly can be adsorbed in carbon fiber surface with π-πconjugation, form interface transition layer, and
And the bulk strength of carbon fiber will not be damaged, it realizes that the materialization of carbon fiber surface is modified, carbon fiber and resin base can be effectively improved
The adhesive property of body.
The carbon fiber of the transition zone containing modulus and resin system preimpregnation is compound, it is heated by solidification temperature, obtains interface enhancing
Carbon fibre composite.Resin system is epoxy resin, in phenolic resin, bismaleimide, cyanate, polyimides
One or more combinations.In this step, heating temperature is determined according to the resin of selection, and specifically, temperature is specific selected tree
The solidification temperature of rouge.
Embodiment 1
(1) the design preparation of fragrant condensed ring molecule: 1,4,5,8 naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride and octamethylenediamine that molar ratio is 1:2 are existed
It is added at 80 DEG C in the alcohol solvent of dissolution Triethylamine catalyst, reaction 16h obtains amino-terminated benzene-naphthalene diimide, relatively
In Isosorbide-5-Nitrae, 5,8- naphthalenetetracarbacidic acidic dianhydride quality, catalyst matter dosage is 0.1%, and benzene-naphthalene diimide mass fraction is in last solution
1%;(2) preparation of molecule assembles concentration: by carbon nanotube ultrasonic disperse in the solution of step (1), then it is added 1mol/L's
It is 9 that NaOH ethanol solution, which controls solution ph, obtains the molecule assembles concentration that carbon nanotube mass concentration is 0.3mg/mL;(3) carbon
Fiber surface modulus transition zone is constructed: unsized BHM3 carbon fiber is impregnated 2min, vacuum in above-mentioned molecule assembles concentration
Carbon nanotube/nano needle shape benzene-naphthalene diimide is formed in carbon fiber surface after drying and assembles modulus transition zone, relative to carbon fiber
Dimension, the mass fraction of modulus transition zone are 0.5wt%;(4) preparation of interface enhancing composite material: by the carbon of the transition zone containing modulus
Fiber and epoxy-resin systems preimpregnation are compound, heat by solidification temperature, obtain the carbon fibre composite of interface enhancing, wherein
Carbon nanotube/nano needle shape virtue condensed ring assembles the SEM shape appearance figure of transition zone as shown in Figure 1, and Fig. 2 a is that carbon fiber is compound
Materials A FM mechanical mode pattern and Fig. 2 b are modulus change figures.It is tested by micro- unsticking, the shearing of monofilament composite material interface is strong
Degree is 118.6MPa.
Embodiment 2
(1) the design preparation of fragrant condensed ring molecule: by molar ratio for the 3,4,9,10- tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride of 1:3 and to benzene two
It is in the methanol solvate of catalyst that amine is added to dissolution hydroxyl phenol at 65 DEG C, and reaction obtains two amino-terminated acyls for 24 hours
Imines, wherein the quality of opposite 3,4,9,10- tetracarboxylic acid dianhydrides, catalyst amount 0.2%, two acyls in last solution
Imines mass fraction is 3%;(2) preparation of molecule assembles concentration: by graphene ultrasonic disperse in the solution of step (1), then
The Ca (OH) of 1mol/L is added2It is 7 that methanol solution, which controls solution ph, obtains the molecule that graphene mass concentration is 0.6mg/mL
Assembles concentration;(3) carbon fiber surface modulus transition zone is constructed: unsized M55J carbon fiber soaked in above-mentioned molecule assembles concentration
Stain 6min forms graphene/nanometer disc-shaped imidodicarbonic diamide in carbon fiber surface after vacuum drying and assembles modulus transition zone, phase
For carbon fiber, the mass fraction of modulus transition zone is 1wt%;(3) modulus transition the preparation of interface enhancing composite material: will be contained
The carbon fiber of layer and phenolic resin system preimpregnation are compound, heat by solidification temperature, obtain the carbon fibre composite of interface enhancing,
Wherein, the SEM shape appearance figure of the graphene/nanometer disc-shaped virtue condensed ring assembling transition zone of carbon fiber surface is as shown in Figure 3.By micro-
Unsticking test, monofilament composite material interface shear strength are 83.3MPa.
Embodiment 3
(1) the design preparation of fragrant condensed ring molecule: pyromellitic acid anhydride and isophorone diamine that molar ratio is 1:4 are existed
It is added at 120 DEG C in the ethylene glycol solvent of dissolution hydroxybenzoic acid catalyst, reaction 32h obtains amino-terminated two acyl of equal benzene
Imines, wherein the quality of opposite pyromellitic acid anhydride, catalyst amount 0.3%, equal benzene imidodicarbonic diamide matter in last solution
Measuring number is 5%;(2) it the preparation of molecule assembles concentration: by fullerene ultrasonic disperse in the solution of step (1), is then added
The KOH ethylene glycol solution control solution ph of 1mol/L is 5, obtains the molecule that fullerene mass concentration is 0.9mg/mL and assembles
Liquid;(3) carbon fiber surface modulus transition zone is constructed: unsized T800 carbon fiber impregnated in above-mentioned molecule assembles concentration
10min forms the equal benzene imidodicarbonic diamide of fullerene/nano bar-shape in carbon fiber surface after vacuum drying and assembles modulus transition zone, phase
It is 2wt% for carbon fiber transition zone mass fraction;(3) preparation of interface enhancing composite material: by the carbon of the transition zone containing modulus
Fiber and bismaleimide resin system preimpregnation are compound, heat by solidification temperature, obtain the carbon fiber composite of interface enhancing
Material.It is tested by micro- unsticking, monofilament composite material interface shear strength is 61.8MPa.
Comparative example
(1) by carbon nanotube ultrasonic disperse in alcohol solvent, wherein the mass concentration of carbon nanotube is 0.3mg/mL;
(2) unsized BHM3 carbon fiber is impregnated into 2min in step (1) solution, carbon containing nanometer is obtained after vacuum drying
The carbon fiber of pipe die amount transition zone, relative to carbon fiber, modulus transition zone mass fraction is 0.5wt%;(3): modulus mistake will be contained
Carbon fiber and the epoxy-resin systems preimpregnation for crossing layer are compound, heat by solidification temperature, obtain carbon fibre composite.By micro- de-
Viscoelastic test, monofilament composite material interface shear strength are 39.8MPa.
The interface shear strength of monofilament composite material in Examples 1 to 3 and comparative example is as shown in Figure 4.It can by Fig. 4
Know, compared with comparative example, the shear strength of carbon fibre composite made from preparation method through the invention is significantly improved, this
It is the rigidity of the high-modulus and fragrant condensed ring due to carbon nanomaterial, modulus transition zone rigidity itself is higher, the end of fragrant condensed ring molecule
Amino can promote modulus to cross the crosslinking of layer, further increase the modulus of modulus transition zone.The raising of interface phase modulus can have
Effect absorbs energy, inhibits crackle in the extension of fiber surface, realizes that stress uniformly transfers between carbon fiber and resin matrix, from
And improve the interface shear strength of composite material.
The preparation method of fibrous composite provided by the invention, by constructing carbon nanomaterial/virtue in carbon fiber surface
Condensed ring assembly improves the interface phase modulus of carbon fibre composite as modulus transition zone, so that carbon fiber and resin base
The modulus smooth transition of body, while resin matrix can sufficiently infiltrate modulus transition zone, realize the machinery of carbon fiber and resin matrix
Engagement and chemical bonds, improve the interfacial bond property of carbon fibre composite.
Above embodiments, only a specific embodiment of the invention, to illustrate technical solution of the present invention, rather than to it
Limitation, scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, although the present invention is described in detail referring to the foregoing embodiments,
Those skilled in the art should understand that: anyone skilled in the art the invention discloses technology model
In enclosing, still it can modify to technical solution documented by previous embodiment or variation can be readily occurred in, or to it
Middle some technical characteristics are equivalently replaced;And these modifications, variation or replacement, do not make the essence of corresponding technical solution de-
Spirit and scope from technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention, should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, of the invention
Protection scope should be subject to the protection scope in claims.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of preparation method of carbon fibre composite characterized by comprising
By aromatic dicarboxylic acid anhydride and organic diamine in polar aprotic solvent, be made virtue condensed ring molecular mass number be 1%~
5% fragrant condensed ring molecular solution;
Carbon nanomaterial is added into the fragrant condensed ring molecular solution, pH value is adjusted to 5~9 by ultrasonic disperse, is made described
The mass concentration of carbon nanomaterial is the molecule assembles concentration of 0.3mg/mL~0.9mg/mL;
Unsized carbon fiber is impregnated in the molecule assembles concentration, is dried in vacuo, forms modulus in the carbon fiber surface
Transition zone;
By containing the modulus transition zone carbon fiber and resin system preimpregnation it is compound, by solidification temperature heat, be made carbon fiber answer
Condensation material.
2. the preparation method according to requiring 1, which is characterized in that by molar ratio be 1:2~1:4 aromatic dicarboxylic acid anhydride with have
Machine diamine is added into the polar aprotic solvent containing catalyst, and 16~32h is reacted at 65 DEG C~120 DEG C, is made described
Fragrant condensed ring molecular solution, wherein the dosage of the catalyst is the 0.1%~0.3% of the aromatic dicarboxylic acid anhydride quality.
3. the preparation method according to requiring 1, which is characterized in that by the unsized carbon fiber in the molecule assembles concentration
2~10min of middle dipping after vacuum drying, forms modulus transition zone in the carbon fiber surface, wherein the modulus transition zone
Quality be the carbon fiber quality 0.5%~2%.
4. the preparation method according to requiring 1, which is characterized in that the aromatic dicarboxylic acid anhydride is Isosorbide-5-Nitrae, 5,8- naphthalenetetracarbacidic acidics two
Acid anhydride, 3,4,9,10- tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, pyromellitic acid anhydride, bibenzene tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,3', 4,4'- benzophenone tetramethyl
Acid dianhydride, 2,3,3', 4'- diphenyl ether tetraformic dianhydride, 3,3', one of 4,4'- triphen bis ether tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride or a variety of
Combination.
5. the preparation method according to requiring 1, which is characterized in that organic diamine is aliphatic diamine, aromatic series
One of diamine and cycloalphatic diamine or multiple combinations.
6. the preparation method according to requiring 1, which is characterized in that the polar aprotic solvent be ethyl alcohol, methanol, ethylene glycol,
One of glycerine or multiple combinations.
7. the preparation method according to requiring 1, which is characterized in that after the ultrasonic disperse, adjust pH by alkaline solution
Value, wherein the alkaline solution is one of sodium hydroxide solution, calcium hydroxide solution, potassium hydroxide solution or a variety of groups
It closes.
8. the preparation method according to requiring 1, which is characterized in that the carbon nanomaterial is carbon nanotube, graphene, fowler
One of alkene or multiple combinations.
9. the preparation method according to requiring 1, which is characterized in that the carbon fiber is high-modules carbon fibre, high-strength carbon fibre, height
One of modules carbon fibre, high-strength high-modules carbon fibre in strong.
10. the preparation method according to requiring 1, which is characterized in that the resin system is epoxy resin, phenolic resin, double
One of maleimide, cyanate, polyimides or multiple combinations.
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CN111732815A (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2020-10-02 | 扬州市维纳复合材料科技有限公司 | Preparation method of functional polyether-ether-ketone carbon fiber composite material |
CN113638228A (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2021-11-12 | 西安交通大学 | Preparation method of high-interface-strength fiber composite material |
CN113981697A (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2022-01-28 | 四川大学 | Carbon fiber surface interface modification method and modified carbon fiber thereof |
CN114213629A (en) * | 2021-11-04 | 2022-03-22 | 道生天合材料科技(上海)股份有限公司 | Curing agent, curing agent composition and preparation method thereof |
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CN110205809A (en) * | 2019-07-09 | 2019-09-06 | 济南大学 | A kind of method for sizing of carbon fiber and its application |
CN110205809B (en) * | 2019-07-09 | 2021-11-02 | 济南大学 | Sizing method of carbon fiber and application thereof |
CN111732815A (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2020-10-02 | 扬州市维纳复合材料科技有限公司 | Preparation method of functional polyether-ether-ketone carbon fiber composite material |
CN113638228A (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2021-11-12 | 西安交通大学 | Preparation method of high-interface-strength fiber composite material |
CN113638228B (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2022-10-28 | 西安交通大学 | Preparation method of high-interface-strength fiber composite material |
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