CN109851999A - A kind of preparation method of carbon fibre composite - Google Patents

A kind of preparation method of carbon fibre composite Download PDF

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CN109851999A
CN109851999A CN201811607336.9A CN201811607336A CN109851999A CN 109851999 A CN109851999 A CN 109851999A CN 201811607336 A CN201811607336 A CN 201811607336A CN 109851999 A CN109851999 A CN 109851999A
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carbon
carbon fiber
preparation
modulus
condensed ring
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CN109851999B (en
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李刚
林家伟
杨小平
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Beijing University of Chemical Technology
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Beijing University of Chemical Technology
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Abstract

The preparation method of carbon fibre composite includes: that aromatic dicarboxylic acid anhydride and organic diamine are made to the fragrant condensed ring molecular solution that virtue condensed ring molecular mass number is 1%~5% in polar aprotic solvent;Carbon nanomaterial is added in fragrant condensed ring molecular solution, pH value is adjusted to 5~9 by ultrasonic disperse, and the molecule assembles concentration that carbon nanomaterial mass concentration is 0.3~0.9mg/mL is made;Unsized carbon fiber is impregnated in molecule assembles concentration, is dried in vacuo, forms modulus transition zone in carbon fiber surface;The carbon fiber of the transition zone containing modulus and resin system preimpregnation is compound, it is heated by solidification temperature, carbon fibre composite is made.By constructing carbon nanomaterial/virtue condensed ring assembly in carbon fiber surface, improve the interface phase modulus of carbon fibre composite, so that the modulus smooth transition of carbon fiber and resin matrix, and resin matrix can sufficiently infiltrate transition zone, the mechanical engagement and chemical bonds for realizing carbon fiber and resin matrix, improve the interfacial bond property of carbon fibre composite.

Description

A kind of preparation method of carbon fibre composite
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of compound material more particularly to a kind of preparation methods of carbon fibre composite.
Background technique
Carbon fiber is graphite-like structure made of axially being piled up as flake graphite along fiber, and surface roughness is low, Chemical inertness is big, the bad adhesion with resin matrix, and commercialization carbon fiber surface generally coats one layer of cementing agent, fine as connection The interface phase of peacekeeping resin matrix and " bridge " of transmitting load, but since the modulus difference of carbon fiber and resin matrix is excessive, It is unfavorable for stress to uniformly transfer between carbon fiber and resin matrix.
To make the modulus smooth transition between carbon fiber and resin matrix, document (application shows science, 2015,347, Phase modulus transition zone in interface 583-590) is formed with the physical absorption of carbon nanotube (CNTs) and carbon fiber surface, but CNTs group Poly- that stress is caused to be concentrated, composite material is easy to happen interfacial detachment destruction.
Nomex rigid polymer of the Chinese patent (CN104884511A) with compatibility better than epoxy resin is in carbon fiber Dimension has constructed interfaces transition phase, but needs to be formed the solubility gradient of rigid polymer, Cai Nengshi circle by the migration agent of toughness Face phase modulus smooth transition, this method technique is cumbersome and not can guarantee stability.
Summary of the invention
In order to improve the interface phase modulus of carbon fibre composite, improve the interfacial bond property of carbon fibre composite. The present invention provides a kind of preparation methods of carbon fibre composite.
The preparation method of carbon fibre composite provided by the invention, comprising: by aromatic dicarboxylic acid anhydride and organic diamine In polar aprotic solvent, the fragrant condensed ring molecular solution that virtue condensed ring molecular mass number is 1%~5% is made;By carbon nanometer material Material is added into fragrant condensed ring molecular solution, and pH value is adjusted to 5~9 by ultrasonic disperse, and the mass concentration that carbon nanomaterial is made is The molecule assembles concentration of 0.3mg/mL~0.9mg/mL;Unsized carbon fiber is impregnated in molecule assembles concentration, is dried in vacuo, Carbon fiber surface forms modulus transition zone;The carbon fiber of the transition zone containing modulus and resin system preimpregnation is compound, by solidification temperature Carbon fibre composite is made in heating.
Preferably, in the above preparation method, the aromatic dicarboxylic acid anhydride and organic diamine for being 1:2~1:4 by molar ratio It is added into the polar aprotic solvent containing catalyst, 16~32h is reacted at 65 DEG C~120 DEG C, it is molten that virtue condensed ring molecule is made Liquid, wherein the dosage of catalyst is the 0.1%~0.3% of aromatic dicarboxylic acid anhydride quality.
Preferably, in the above preparation method, unsized carbon fiber is impregnated to 2~10min in molecule assembles concentration, very After sky is dry, modulus transition zone is formed in carbon fiber surface, wherein the quality of modulus transition zone is the 0.5% of carbon fiber quality ~2%.
Preferably, in the above preparation method, aromatic dicarboxylic acid anhydride is Isosorbide-5-Nitrae, 5,8- naphthalenetetracarbacidic acidic dianhydrides, 3,4,9,10- Tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, pyromellitic acid anhydride, bibenzene tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,3', 4,4'- benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2,3, 3', 4'- diphenyl ether tetraformic dianhydride, 3,3', one of 4,4'- triphen bis ether tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride or multiple combinations.
Preferably, in the above preparation method, organic diamine is aliphatic diamine, aromatic diamine and alicyclic One of diamine or multiple combinations.
Preferably, in the above preparation method, polar aprotic solvent is one of ethyl alcohol, methanol, ethylene glycol, glycerine Or multiple combinations.
Preferably, in the above preparation method, after ultrasonic disperse, pH value is adjusted by alkaline solution, wherein alkalinity is molten Liquid is one of sodium hydroxide solution, calcium hydroxide solution, potassium hydroxide solution or multiple combinations.
Preferably, in the above preparation method, carbon nanomaterial be one of carbon nanotube, graphene, fullerene or Multiple combinations.
Preferably, in the above preparation method, carbon fiber be high-modules carbon fibre, high-strength carbon fibre, high-strength middle modules carbon fibre, One of high-strength high-modules carbon fibre.
Preferably, in the above preparation method, resin system is epoxy resin, phenolic resin, bismaleimide, cyanic acid One of ester, polyimides or multiple combinations.
The preparation method of fibrous composite provided by the invention, by constructing carbon nanomaterial/virtue in carbon fiber surface Condensed ring assembly improves the interface phase modulus of carbon fibre composite as modulus transition zone, so that carbon fiber and resin base The modulus smooth transition of body, while resin matrix can sufficiently infiltrate modulus transition zone, realize the machinery of carbon fiber and resin matrix Engagement and chemical bonds, improve the interfacial bond property of carbon fibre composite.
Detailed description of the invention
It, below will be to specific in order to illustrate more clearly of the specific embodiment of the invention or technical solution in the prior art Embodiment or attached drawing needed to be used in the description of the prior art are briefly described.
Fig. 1 is the carbon nanotube/nano needle shape virtue condensed ring assembling transition of the carbon fiber surface in the embodiment of the present invention 1 The SEM shape appearance figure of layer.
Fig. 2 a is the carbon fibre composite AFM mechanical mode pattern of the transition zone containing modulus in the embodiment of the present invention 1 And Fig. 2 b is modulus change figure.
Fig. 3 is the graphene/nanometer disc-shaped virtue condensed ring assembling transition zone of the carbon fiber surface in the embodiment of the present invention 2 SEM shape appearance figure.
Fig. 4 is that micro- debonding interface shearing of the monofilament composite material in the embodiment of the present invention 1~3 and comparative example is strong Degree.
Specific embodiment
According to following embodiments, the present invention may be better understood.However, content described in the present embodiment is only used for The bright present invention, without the present invention described in claims should will not be limited.
The preparation method of carbon fibre composite provided by the invention, comprising the following steps:
By aromatic dicarboxylic acid anhydride and organic diamine in polar aprotic solvent, virtue condensed ring molecular mass number, which is made, is 1%~5% fragrant condensed ring molecular solution.It in this step, is 1:2~1:4 aromatic dicarboxylic acid anhydride and organic binary by molar ratio Amine reacts 16~32h at 65 DEG C~120 DEG C and fragrant condensed ring molecular solution is made in the solvent containing catalyst, relatively organic Dibasic anhydride dosage, catalyst quality number are 0.1%~0.3%.Preferably, aromatic dicarboxylic acid anhydride is Isosorbide-5-Nitrae, 5,8- naphthalenetetracarbacidic acidics Dianhydride, 3,4,9,10- tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, pyromellitic acid anhydride, bibenzene tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,3', 4,4'- benzophenone four Formic acid dianhydride, 2,3,3', 4'- diphenyl ether tetraformic dianhydride, 3,3', one of 4,4'- triphen bis ether tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride or more Kind combination;Organic diamine is one of aliphatic diamine, aromatic diamine and cycloalphatic diamine or multiple combinations; And polar aprotic solvent is the mixed solution that one or more of ethyl alcohol, methanol, ethylene glycol, glycerine are composed.Its In, the type of catalyst is determined according to selected aromatic dicarboxylic acid anhydride with organic diamine, specifically as lifted in embodiment.
Carbon nanomaterial is added into fragrant condensed ring molecular solution, pH value is adjusted to 5~9 by ultrasonic disperse, preferred to adjust It saves to 6~9, the mass concentration that carbon nanomaterial is made is the molecule assembles concentration of 0.3mg/mL~0.9mg/mL.In this step, Carbon nanomaterial adsorbs fragrant condensed ring molecule after ultrasonic disperse.Preferably, alkaline solution can be used and adjust pH value, alkaline solution For sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution, calcium hydroxide (Ca (OH)2) solution, one of potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution or a variety of groups It closes.Carbon nanomaterial is one of carbon nanotube, graphene, fullerene or multiple combinations.
Unsized carbon fiber is impregnated in molecule assembles concentration, is dried in vacuo, forms modulus transition in carbon fiber surface Layer.By unsized impregnated carbon fiber in molecule assembles concentration, dip time is 2~10min, then the vacuum in drying oven It is dry, after winding, carbon nanomaterial/different-shape virtue condensed ring is formed in carbon fiber surface and assembles transition zone, that is, modulus transition Layer.Wherein, the quality of modulus transition zone is the 0.5%~2% of carbon fiber quality.Fragrant condensed ring molecule has coplanar conjugated body Architecture can be volatilized by the solvent of molecule assembles concentration and promote the intermolecular pi-pi accumulation of fragrant condensed ring, and with molecule assembles concentration pH value Regulate and control Amino End Group-NH3 +Between hydrogen bond action, it can be driven to be assembled into different-shape, further by the way that π-is pi-conjugated and electrostatic is inhaled Draw, fragrant condensed ring assembly is adsorbable in carbon nanomaterial, forms carbon nanomaterial/virtue condensed ring assembly as modulus transition zone. Wherein, fragrant condensed ring self-assembly can be one in nanoneedle leaf, nanodiscs, nanometer rods, nano wire, nanosphere, nano flower Kind or multiple combinations.Carbon fiber is high-modules carbon fibre, in high-strength carbon fibre, high-strength middle modules carbon fibre, high-strength high-modules carbon fibre It is a kind of.Carbon nanomaterial/virtue condensed ring assembly can be adsorbed in carbon fiber surface with π-πconjugation, form interface transition layer, and And the bulk strength of carbon fiber will not be damaged, it realizes that the materialization of carbon fiber surface is modified, carbon fiber and resin base can be effectively improved The adhesive property of body.
The carbon fiber of the transition zone containing modulus and resin system preimpregnation is compound, it is heated by solidification temperature, obtains interface enhancing Carbon fibre composite.Resin system is epoxy resin, in phenolic resin, bismaleimide, cyanate, polyimides One or more combinations.In this step, heating temperature is determined according to the resin of selection, and specifically, temperature is specific selected tree The solidification temperature of rouge.
Embodiment 1
(1) the design preparation of fragrant condensed ring molecule: 1,4,5,8 naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride and octamethylenediamine that molar ratio is 1:2 are existed It is added at 80 DEG C in the alcohol solvent of dissolution Triethylamine catalyst, reaction 16h obtains amino-terminated benzene-naphthalene diimide, relatively In Isosorbide-5-Nitrae, 5,8- naphthalenetetracarbacidic acidic dianhydride quality, catalyst matter dosage is 0.1%, and benzene-naphthalene diimide mass fraction is in last solution 1%;(2) preparation of molecule assembles concentration: by carbon nanotube ultrasonic disperse in the solution of step (1), then it is added 1mol/L's It is 9 that NaOH ethanol solution, which controls solution ph, obtains the molecule assembles concentration that carbon nanotube mass concentration is 0.3mg/mL;(3) carbon Fiber surface modulus transition zone is constructed: unsized BHM3 carbon fiber is impregnated 2min, vacuum in above-mentioned molecule assembles concentration Carbon nanotube/nano needle shape benzene-naphthalene diimide is formed in carbon fiber surface after drying and assembles modulus transition zone, relative to carbon fiber Dimension, the mass fraction of modulus transition zone are 0.5wt%;(4) preparation of interface enhancing composite material: by the carbon of the transition zone containing modulus Fiber and epoxy-resin systems preimpregnation are compound, heat by solidification temperature, obtain the carbon fibre composite of interface enhancing, wherein Carbon nanotube/nano needle shape virtue condensed ring assembles the SEM shape appearance figure of transition zone as shown in Figure 1, and Fig. 2 a is that carbon fiber is compound Materials A FM mechanical mode pattern and Fig. 2 b are modulus change figures.It is tested by micro- unsticking, the shearing of monofilament composite material interface is strong Degree is 118.6MPa.
Embodiment 2
(1) the design preparation of fragrant condensed ring molecule: by molar ratio for the 3,4,9,10- tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride of 1:3 and to benzene two It is in the methanol solvate of catalyst that amine is added to dissolution hydroxyl phenol at 65 DEG C, and reaction obtains two amino-terminated acyls for 24 hours Imines, wherein the quality of opposite 3,4,9,10- tetracarboxylic acid dianhydrides, catalyst amount 0.2%, two acyls in last solution Imines mass fraction is 3%;(2) preparation of molecule assembles concentration: by graphene ultrasonic disperse in the solution of step (1), then The Ca (OH) of 1mol/L is added2It is 7 that methanol solution, which controls solution ph, obtains the molecule that graphene mass concentration is 0.6mg/mL Assembles concentration;(3) carbon fiber surface modulus transition zone is constructed: unsized M55J carbon fiber soaked in above-mentioned molecule assembles concentration Stain 6min forms graphene/nanometer disc-shaped imidodicarbonic diamide in carbon fiber surface after vacuum drying and assembles modulus transition zone, phase For carbon fiber, the mass fraction of modulus transition zone is 1wt%;(3) modulus transition the preparation of interface enhancing composite material: will be contained The carbon fiber of layer and phenolic resin system preimpregnation are compound, heat by solidification temperature, obtain the carbon fibre composite of interface enhancing, Wherein, the SEM shape appearance figure of the graphene/nanometer disc-shaped virtue condensed ring assembling transition zone of carbon fiber surface is as shown in Figure 3.By micro- Unsticking test, monofilament composite material interface shear strength are 83.3MPa.
Embodiment 3
(1) the design preparation of fragrant condensed ring molecule: pyromellitic acid anhydride and isophorone diamine that molar ratio is 1:4 are existed It is added at 120 DEG C in the ethylene glycol solvent of dissolution hydroxybenzoic acid catalyst, reaction 32h obtains amino-terminated two acyl of equal benzene Imines, wherein the quality of opposite pyromellitic acid anhydride, catalyst amount 0.3%, equal benzene imidodicarbonic diamide matter in last solution Measuring number is 5%;(2) it the preparation of molecule assembles concentration: by fullerene ultrasonic disperse in the solution of step (1), is then added The KOH ethylene glycol solution control solution ph of 1mol/L is 5, obtains the molecule that fullerene mass concentration is 0.9mg/mL and assembles Liquid;(3) carbon fiber surface modulus transition zone is constructed: unsized T800 carbon fiber impregnated in above-mentioned molecule assembles concentration 10min forms the equal benzene imidodicarbonic diamide of fullerene/nano bar-shape in carbon fiber surface after vacuum drying and assembles modulus transition zone, phase It is 2wt% for carbon fiber transition zone mass fraction;(3) preparation of interface enhancing composite material: by the carbon of the transition zone containing modulus Fiber and bismaleimide resin system preimpregnation are compound, heat by solidification temperature, obtain the carbon fiber composite of interface enhancing Material.It is tested by micro- unsticking, monofilament composite material interface shear strength is 61.8MPa.
Comparative example
(1) by carbon nanotube ultrasonic disperse in alcohol solvent, wherein the mass concentration of carbon nanotube is 0.3mg/mL;
(2) unsized BHM3 carbon fiber is impregnated into 2min in step (1) solution, carbon containing nanometer is obtained after vacuum drying The carbon fiber of pipe die amount transition zone, relative to carbon fiber, modulus transition zone mass fraction is 0.5wt%;(3): modulus mistake will be contained Carbon fiber and the epoxy-resin systems preimpregnation for crossing layer are compound, heat by solidification temperature, obtain carbon fibre composite.By micro- de- Viscoelastic test, monofilament composite material interface shear strength are 39.8MPa.
The interface shear strength of monofilament composite material in Examples 1 to 3 and comparative example is as shown in Figure 4.It can by Fig. 4 Know, compared with comparative example, the shear strength of carbon fibre composite made from preparation method through the invention is significantly improved, this It is the rigidity of the high-modulus and fragrant condensed ring due to carbon nanomaterial, modulus transition zone rigidity itself is higher, the end of fragrant condensed ring molecule Amino can promote modulus to cross the crosslinking of layer, further increase the modulus of modulus transition zone.The raising of interface phase modulus can have Effect absorbs energy, inhibits crackle in the extension of fiber surface, realizes that stress uniformly transfers between carbon fiber and resin matrix, from And improve the interface shear strength of composite material.
The preparation method of fibrous composite provided by the invention, by constructing carbon nanomaterial/virtue in carbon fiber surface Condensed ring assembly improves the interface phase modulus of carbon fibre composite as modulus transition zone, so that carbon fiber and resin base The modulus smooth transition of body, while resin matrix can sufficiently infiltrate modulus transition zone, realize the machinery of carbon fiber and resin matrix Engagement and chemical bonds, improve the interfacial bond property of carbon fibre composite.
Above embodiments, only a specific embodiment of the invention, to illustrate technical solution of the present invention, rather than to it Limitation, scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, although the present invention is described in detail referring to the foregoing embodiments, Those skilled in the art should understand that: anyone skilled in the art the invention discloses technology model In enclosing, still it can modify to technical solution documented by previous embodiment or variation can be readily occurred in, or to it Middle some technical characteristics are equivalently replaced;And these modifications, variation or replacement, do not make the essence of corresponding technical solution de- Spirit and scope from technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention, should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, of the invention Protection scope should be subject to the protection scope in claims.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of preparation method of carbon fibre composite characterized by comprising
By aromatic dicarboxylic acid anhydride and organic diamine in polar aprotic solvent, be made virtue condensed ring molecular mass number be 1%~ 5% fragrant condensed ring molecular solution;
Carbon nanomaterial is added into the fragrant condensed ring molecular solution, pH value is adjusted to 5~9 by ultrasonic disperse, is made described The mass concentration of carbon nanomaterial is the molecule assembles concentration of 0.3mg/mL~0.9mg/mL;
Unsized carbon fiber is impregnated in the molecule assembles concentration, is dried in vacuo, forms modulus in the carbon fiber surface Transition zone;
By containing the modulus transition zone carbon fiber and resin system preimpregnation it is compound, by solidification temperature heat, be made carbon fiber answer Condensation material.
2. the preparation method according to requiring 1, which is characterized in that by molar ratio be 1:2~1:4 aromatic dicarboxylic acid anhydride with have Machine diamine is added into the polar aprotic solvent containing catalyst, and 16~32h is reacted at 65 DEG C~120 DEG C, is made described Fragrant condensed ring molecular solution, wherein the dosage of the catalyst is the 0.1%~0.3% of the aromatic dicarboxylic acid anhydride quality.
3. the preparation method according to requiring 1, which is characterized in that by the unsized carbon fiber in the molecule assembles concentration 2~10min of middle dipping after vacuum drying, forms modulus transition zone in the carbon fiber surface, wherein the modulus transition zone Quality be the carbon fiber quality 0.5%~2%.
4. the preparation method according to requiring 1, which is characterized in that the aromatic dicarboxylic acid anhydride is Isosorbide-5-Nitrae, 5,8- naphthalenetetracarbacidic acidics two Acid anhydride, 3,4,9,10- tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, pyromellitic acid anhydride, bibenzene tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,3', 4,4'- benzophenone tetramethyl Acid dianhydride, 2,3,3', 4'- diphenyl ether tetraformic dianhydride, 3,3', one of 4,4'- triphen bis ether tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride or a variety of Combination.
5. the preparation method according to requiring 1, which is characterized in that organic diamine is aliphatic diamine, aromatic series One of diamine and cycloalphatic diamine or multiple combinations.
6. the preparation method according to requiring 1, which is characterized in that the polar aprotic solvent be ethyl alcohol, methanol, ethylene glycol, One of glycerine or multiple combinations.
7. the preparation method according to requiring 1, which is characterized in that after the ultrasonic disperse, adjust pH by alkaline solution Value, wherein the alkaline solution is one of sodium hydroxide solution, calcium hydroxide solution, potassium hydroxide solution or a variety of groups It closes.
8. the preparation method according to requiring 1, which is characterized in that the carbon nanomaterial is carbon nanotube, graphene, fowler One of alkene or multiple combinations.
9. the preparation method according to requiring 1, which is characterized in that the carbon fiber is high-modules carbon fibre, high-strength carbon fibre, height One of modules carbon fibre, high-strength high-modules carbon fibre in strong.
10. the preparation method according to requiring 1, which is characterized in that the resin system is epoxy resin, phenolic resin, double One of maleimide, cyanate, polyimides or multiple combinations.
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CN113638228A (en) * 2021-08-31 2021-11-12 西安交通大学 Preparation method of high-interface-strength fiber composite material
CN113981697A (en) * 2021-12-15 2022-01-28 四川大学 Carbon fiber surface interface modification method and modified carbon fiber thereof
CN114213629A (en) * 2021-11-04 2022-03-22 道生天合材料科技(上海)股份有限公司 Curing agent, curing agent composition and preparation method thereof
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CN110229468A (en) * 2019-06-27 2019-09-13 北京化工大学 Interface tracer and the carbon fibre composite and preparation method thereof of monitoring can be destroyed
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CN111732815A (en) * 2020-07-13 2020-10-02 扬州市维纳复合材料科技有限公司 Preparation method of functional polyether-ether-ketone carbon fiber composite material
CN113638228A (en) * 2021-08-31 2021-11-12 西安交通大学 Preparation method of high-interface-strength fiber composite material
CN113638228B (en) * 2021-08-31 2022-10-28 西安交通大学 Preparation method of high-interface-strength fiber composite material
CN114213629A (en) * 2021-11-04 2022-03-22 道生天合材料科技(上海)股份有限公司 Curing agent, curing agent composition and preparation method thereof
WO2023077910A1 (en) * 2021-11-04 2023-05-11 道生天合材料科技(上海)股份有限公司 Curing agent, curing agent composition and preparation method therefor
CN113981697A (en) * 2021-12-15 2022-01-28 四川大学 Carbon fiber surface interface modification method and modified carbon fiber thereof
CN115521458A (en) * 2022-09-21 2022-12-27 浙江工商大学 Polyimide material containing perylene bisimide structural monomer and preparation and application thereof

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