CN109851704B - Polymer diaphragm, preparation method and application thereof, and lithium battery - Google Patents

Polymer diaphragm, preparation method and application thereof, and lithium battery Download PDF

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CN109851704B
CN109851704B CN201711242246.XA CN201711242246A CN109851704B CN 109851704 B CN109851704 B CN 109851704B CN 201711242246 A CN201711242246 A CN 201711242246A CN 109851704 B CN109851704 B CN 109851704B
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vinylidene fluoride
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宋威
郭姿珠
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BYD Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention relates to the field of lithium batteries, in particular to a polymer diaphragm, a preparation method and application thereof and a lithium battery. The polymer separator comprises polymer fibers, wherein the polymer fibers contain a vinylidene fluoride copolymer containing a structural unit represented by the following formula (1), a structural unit represented by the following formula (2), and a structural unit represented by the following formula (3). The vinylidene fluoride copolymer adopted by the invention can be well dissolved in huge polar and nonpolar solvents, and is convenient for preparing spinning membrane-making liquid; meanwhile, the obtained polymer diaphragm has better ion conductivity and high temperature resistance. Therefore, when the obtained diaphragm is used in a lithium battery, the obtained lithium battery has higher specific capacity and cycle performance.
Figure DDA0001490064060000011

Description

Polymer diaphragm, preparation method and application thereof, and lithium battery
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of lithium batteries, in particular to a polymer diaphragm, a preparation method and application thereof and a lithium battery.
Background
The separator of the liquid lithium battery mainly includes a polymer-coated polymer separator and a ceramic-coated polymer separator.
Among them, the polymer membrane for the polymer coating is mainly a vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer coating layer | Polyolefin base film | vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer coating layer (PVDF-HFP | Polyolefin separator | PVDF-HFP membrane). Such membranes have a three-layer structure which is evident in the structure. The upper and lower layers are porous coatings of PVDF-HFP polymer, and the middle layer is a polyolefin (usually PE, PP, or PP | PE | PP) base film. The polyolefin-based film is usually a porous polyolefin material formed by dry-process stretching pore-forming or wet-process pore-forming. The pore diameter is generally 1nm or less. The PVDF-HFP porous coating is realized by the processes of coating, pore forming, organic solvent removal and the like on the basis of a polyolefin base film by a phase inversion method. The pore structure is cellular, and the pore diameter is generally from dozens of nanometers to dozens of micrometers.
The Ceramic coated polymer membrane is typically a Ceramic coated Polyolefin based membrane Ceramic coated membrane. Such membranes have a three-layer structure which is evident in the structure. The upper and lower layers are ceramic porous coatings and the middle layer is a polyolefin (usually PE, PP, or PP | PE | PP) base film. The polyolefin-based film is usually a porous polyolefin material formed by dry-process stretching pore-forming or wet-process pore-forming. The pore diameter is generally 1nm or less. The porous ceramic coating is formed by coating slurry consisting of ceramic and a binder on the basis of a polyolefin base film. The binder in the coating is usually PVDF binder, PAN binder or polyacrylate binder, and the content is generally less than 10 wt%. The pore structure in the coating is generally irregular pores, and the pore diameter is generally from several nanometers to dozens of nanometers.
The two main disadvantages of the above-mentioned types of membranes are: (1) the whole process is complex and has large pollution; (2) the coating on the base film can well conduct Li + ions only after pore forming; (3) the coating on the base film can only improve the safety of the battery to a certain extent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a polymer diaphragm formed by novel vinylidene fluoride copolymer fiber yarns, a preparation method and application thereof and a lithium battery, wherein the vinylidene fluoride copolymer can be well dissolved in huge polar and nonpolar solvents; meanwhile, the obtained polymer diaphragm has better ion conductivity and high temperature resistance.
In order to achieve the above object, one aspect of the present invention provides a polymer separator comprising polymer fibers, wherein the polymer fibers contain a vinylidene fluoride copolymer containing a structural unit represented by the following formula (1), a structural unit represented by the following formula (2), and a structural unit represented by the following formula (3);
formula (1)
Figure BDA0001490064040000021
Formula (2)
Figure BDA0001490064040000022
Formula (3)
Figure BDA0001490064040000023
Wherein each Z is independently selected from the group consisting of a single bond, - (C)mH2m)-、-(CmF2m)-、-(CH2CH2O)m-、-(OCH2CH2)m-, - (CO) -O-or-O- (CO) -, k being each independently an integer of 1 to 5, and m being each independently an integer of 1 to 20;
Rfis-ChF2h+1H is an integer of 0 to 10; rf1、Rf2And Rf3Each independently is-CiH2i+1or-CiF2i+1I is an integer of 0 to 10;
cation Y+Is H+、Li+、Na+、K+、Rb+、Cs+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Sr2+、Ba2+、Al3+Any one of a cation represented by formula (4), a cation represented by formula (5), a cation represented by formula (6), a cation represented by formula (7), a cation represented by formula (8), a cation represented by formula (9), and a cation represented by formula (10):
formula (4)
Figure BDA0001490064040000031
Formula (5)
Figure BDA0001490064040000032
Formula (6)
Figure BDA0001490064040000033
Formula (7)
Figure BDA0001490064040000034
Formula (8)
Figure BDA0001490064040000035
Formula (9)
Figure BDA0001490064040000036
Formula (10)
Figure BDA0001490064040000037
Wherein R is1、R2、R3And R4Each independently selected from C1-C10 alkyl or- (CH)2CH2O)j-CH3And j is each independently an integer of 1 to 10.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a polymer separator, the method comprising:
(1) preparing a vinylidene fluoride copolymer;
(2) providing a spinning membrane-forming solution containing the vinylidene fluoride copolymer;
(3) spinning the spinning membrane-making solution to form a membrane, and drying and pressing the obtained wet membrane to obtain the compound diaphragm;
wherein the method for preparing the vinylidene fluoride copolymer in the step (1) comprises the following steps: copolymerizing a monomer represented by the formula (1-a), a monomer represented by the formula (2-a) and a monomer represented by the formula (3-a) in an organic solvent in the presence of a radical initiator,
formula (1-a)
Figure BDA0001490064040000041
Formula (2-a) CF2＝CH2Of the formula (3-a)
Figure BDA0001490064040000042
Wherein each Z is independently selected from the group consisting of a single bond, - (C)mH2m)-、-(CmF2m)-、-(CH2CH2O)m-、-(OCH2CH2)m-, - (CO) -O-or-O- (CO) -, k being each independently an integer of 1 to 5, and m being each independently an integer of 1 to 20;
Rfis-ChF2h+1H is an integer of 0 to 10; rf1、Rf2And Rf3Each independently is-CiH2i+1or-CiF2i+1I is an integer of 0 to 10;
cation Y+Is H+、Li+、Na+、K+、Rb+、Cs+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Sr2+、Ba2+、Al3+Any one of a cation represented by formula (4), a cation represented by formula (5), a cation represented by formula (6), a cation represented by formula (7), a cation represented by formula (8), a cation represented by formula (9), and a cation represented by formula (10):
formula (4)
Figure BDA0001490064040000043
Formula (5)
Figure BDA0001490064040000044
Formula (6)
Figure BDA0001490064040000045
Formula (7)
Figure BDA0001490064040000046
Formula (8)
Figure BDA0001490064040000047
Formula (9)
Figure BDA0001490064040000048
Formula (10)
Figure BDA0001490064040000049
Wherein R is1、R2、R3And R4Each independently selected from C1-C10 alkyl or- (CH)2CH2O)j-CH3And j is each independently an integer of 1 to 10.
The third aspect of the present invention provides the polymer separator obtained by the production method of the second aspect.
A fourth aspect of the invention provides the use of the above-described polymer separator in a battery as a battery separator.
A fifth aspect of the present invention provides a lithium battery, comprising: the battery diaphragm is the polymer diaphragm.
The vinylidene fluoride copolymer adopted by the invention can be well dissolved in huge polar and nonpolar solvents, and is convenient for preparing spinning membrane-making liquid; meanwhile, the obtained polymer diaphragm has better ion conductivity and high temperature resistance. Therefore, when the obtained diaphragm is used in a lithium battery, the obtained lithium battery has higher specific capacity and cycle performance.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a view illustrating the structure of a polymer separator according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Description of the reference numerals
1-polymer fiber filament; 2-inorganic particles.
Detailed Description
The endpoints of the ranges and any values disclosed herein are not limited to the precise range or value, and such ranges or values should be understood to encompass values close to those ranges or values. For ranges of values, between the endpoints of each of the ranges and the individual points, and between the individual points may be combined with each other to give one or more new ranges of values, and these ranges of values should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.
One aspect of the present invention provides a polymer separator including a polymer fiber, wherein the polymer fiber contains a vinylidene fluoride copolymer containing a structural unit represented by the following formula (1), a structural unit represented by the following formula (2), and a structural unit represented by the following formula (3);
formula (1)
Figure BDA0001490064040000061
Formula (2)
Figure BDA0001490064040000062
Formula (3)
Figure BDA0001490064040000063
Wherein each Z is independently selected from the group consisting of a single bond, - (C)mH2m)-、-(CmF2m)-、-(CH2CH2O)m-、-(OCH2CH2)m-, - (CO) -O-or-O- (CO) -, k being each independently an integer of 1 to 5, and m being each independently an integer of 1 to 20;
Rfis-ChF2h+1H is an integer of 0 to 10; rf1、Rf2And Rf3Each independently is-CiH2i+1or-CiF2i+1I is an integer of 0 to 10;
cation Y+Is H+、Li+、Na+、K+、Rb+、Cs+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Sr2+、Ba2+、Al3+Any one of a cation represented by formula (4), a cation represented by formula (5), a cation represented by formula (6), a cation represented by formula (7), a cation represented by formula (8), a cation represented by formula (9), and a cation represented by formula (10):
formula (4)
Figure BDA0001490064040000064
Formula (5)
Figure BDA0001490064040000065
Formula (6)
Figure BDA0001490064040000066
Formula (7)
Figure BDA0001490064040000067
Formula (8)
Figure BDA0001490064040000068
Formula (9)
Figure BDA0001490064040000069
Formula (10)
Figure BDA00014900640400000610
Wherein R is1、R2、R3And R4Each independently selected from C1-C10 alkyl or- (CH)2CH2O)j-CH3And j is each independently an integer of 1 to 10.
According to the invention, preferably, each Z is independently chosen from the group consisting of single bonds, - (C)mH2m)-、-(CmF2m)-、-(CH2CH2O)m-、-(OCH2CH2)m-, - (CO) -O-or-O- (CO) -, k being each independently 1, 2 or 3, and m being each independently an integer from 1 to 10; rfis-ChF2h+1H is an integer of 0 to 5; rf1、Rf2And Rf3Each independently is-CiH2i+1or-CiF2i+1I is an integer of 0 to 5; r1、R2、R3And R4Each independently selected from C1-C5 alkyl or- (CH)2CH2O)j-CH3And j is each independently an integer of 1 to 5.
More preferably, each Z is independently selected from the group consisting of single bonds-CH2-、-CH2-CH2-、-CF2-、-CF2-CF2-、-CH2CH2O-、-OCH2CH2-, - (CO) -O-or-O- (CO) -; rfis-F, -CF3or-CF2CF3，Rf1、Rf2And Rf3Each independently is-H, -CH3、-CH2CH3、-F、-CF3or-CF2CF3；R1、R2、R3And R4Each independently selected from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, -CH2CH2O-CH3Or- (CH)2CH2O)2-CH3。
Wherein, Z is a single bond, which means that Z is only a connecting bond, and groups at two ends of the Z are directly connected.
According to the invention, the structural unit of formula (1) is preferably selected from one or more of the following structural units:
formula (1-1): in the formula (1), Z is a single bond, RfIs F, Rf1And Rf2Is F, Rf3Is H, Y+Is Li+；
Formula (1-2): in the formula (1), Z is a single bond, RfIs F, Rf1And Rf2Is F, Rf3Is H, Y+Is a cation represented by the formula (10), and in the formula (10), R is1Is ethyl, R2Is methyl.
It is understood that for the cation Y+Can convert the unused cation Y+The salt is ion-exchanged with the existing monomer providing the above-mentioned structural unit to obtain the additional cation Y+A structural unit represented by the formula (1).
According to the present invention, the ratio of the structural unit represented by the formula (1), the structural unit represented by the formula (2) and the structural unit represented by the formula (3) may be varied within a wide range, and it is preferable that the molar ratio of the structural unit represented by the formula (1), the structural unit represented by the formula (2) and the structural unit represented by the formula (3) is 0.001 to 999: 1: 0.001 to 9, preferably 0.01 to 100: 1: 0.005 to 5, more preferably 0.1 to 9: 1: 0.01 to 1, more preferably 0.5 to 5: 1: 0.01 to 0.5, preferably 0.5 to 2: 1: 0.01-0.1.
In order to obtain a binder having more excellent properties according to the present invention, it is preferred that the weight average molecular weight of the copolymer is 50,000-2,000,000g/mol, preferably 100,000-1,000,000g/mol, more preferably 200,000-800,000g/mol, still more preferably 250,000-500,000 g/mol. Wherein the molecular weight distribution index of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer is preferably 1.1 to 2, preferably 1.1 to 1.6.
According to the present invention, the vinylidene fluoride-based copolymer of the present invention may be a random copolymer, an alternating copolymer or a block copolymer, preferably a random copolymer, particularly a random copolymer composed of a structural unit represented by formula (1), a structural unit represented by formula (2) and a structural unit represented by formula (3).
According to the present invention, the polymer fiber may contain other kinds of polymers in addition to the above-mentioned vinylidene fluoride-based copolymer, for example, one or more of polyvinylidene fluoride, vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, polyolefin (PP, PE, etc.), etc., but in order to obtain a polymer separator having more excellent performance, the polymer fiber is composed of only the vinylidene fluoride-based copolymer.
According to the present invention, as illustrated in fig. 1, the polymer membrane may also be incorporated with inorganic particles 2, (i.e. the polymer membrane comprises polymer fibers 1 and inorganic particles 2) to provide other relevant properties to the polymer membrane, for example in order to obtain a ceramic membrane. The inorganic particles 2 may be various inorganic particles conventionally used in the art, and may be one or more of non-ionic inorganic particles, inorganic solid electrolyte particles, and the like.
To this end, in one embodiment of the invention, the polymeric membrane is formed from polymeric fibers and optionally inorganic particles.
Specific examples of the non-ionic inorganic particles may be, for example: al (Al)2O3、γ-LiAlO2、SiO2、TiO2、BaTiO3、MgO、Fe2O3、ZrO2And the like.
Specific examples of the inorganic solid electrolyte particles may be, for example: perovskite-type inorganic solid electrolytes (e.g., Li)3xLa(2/3)-x□(1/3)-2xTiO3(wherein 0 < x < 0.16, □ represents a defect, LLTO for short), etc.), a Garnet-type inorganic solid electrolyte (e.g.: li7La3Zr2O12(LLZO for short), Li6.25Ga0.25La3Zr2O12、Li6.8Ta0.2La3Zr1.8O12Etc.), NASCION type inorganic solid electrolyte (such as: li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3(LATP for short), etc.), lisicon-type inorganic solid electrolyte (for example: sulfur-based electrolyte Li3PS4、Li9.6P3S12、Li7P3S11、Li11Si2PS12、Li10SiP2S12、Li10SnP2S12、Li10GeP2S12、Li10Si0.5Ge0.5P2S12、Li10Ge0.5Sn0.5P2S12、Li10Si0.5Sn0.5P2S12、Li9.54Si1.74P1.44S11.7Cl0.3Etc.), Argyrodite type inorganic solid electrolytes (e.g.: li6PS5Cl、Li6PS5Br、Li7PS6、Li7PS5I、Li7PO5Cl), Li-Nitride based inorganic solid electrolytes (e.g.: li3N、Li7PN4、LiSi2N3、LiPN2) And Li-Hydride-based inorganic solid electrolytes (for example: li2NH、Li3(NH2)2I、LiBH4、LiAlH4、LiNH2Etc.), Li-halide type inorganic solid electrolytes (such as: li2CdCl4、Li2MgCl4、Li2ZnCl4Etc.), an anti-perovskite type inorganic solid electrolyte (e.g.: li3OCl、Li3OBr), and the like.
According to the present invention, the polymer separator may or may not contain inorganic particles, and the weight ratio of the inorganic particles to the polymer fibers is considered to be 0 to 99:1, but in the case where the polymer separator contains inorganic particles, the content of the inorganic particles may vary within a wide range, and preferably, the weight ratio of the inorganic particles to the polymer fibers is from 0.1 to 99:1, preferably 0.2 to 50: 1, more preferably 0.5 to 10: 1, for example 1 to 9: 1.
the particle size of the inorganic particles is not particularly limited in the present invention, and the particle size of the inorganic particles can be the one conventionally used in the art, for example, the particle size of the inorganic particles is 1nm to 100 μm, preferably 10nm to 50 μm, for example, 100-500nm, 600-1000nm, 1-10 μm.
According to the invention, the polymer separator is preferably of a porous structure, having a thickness of 1 to 100 μm, preferably 1 to 20 μm, more preferably 1 to 10 μm; the pore size is from 1 to 1000nm, preferably from 5 to 500nm, for example from 10 to 200 nm. The polymer separator may be considered to be a film formed by spinning a polymer into a film.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a polymer separator, the method comprising:
(1) preparing a vinylidene fluoride copolymer;
(2) providing a spinning membrane-forming solution containing the vinylidene fluoride copolymer;
(3) spinning the spinning membrane-making solution to form a membrane, and drying and pressing the obtained wet membrane to obtain the compound diaphragm;
wherein the method for preparing the vinylidene fluoride copolymer in the step (1) comprises the following steps: copolymerizing a monomer represented by the formula (1-a), a monomer represented by the formula (2-a) and a monomer represented by the formula (3-a) in an organic solvent in the presence of a radical initiator,
formula (1-a)
Figure BDA0001490064040000101
Formula (2-a) CF2＝CH2Of the formula (3-a)
Figure BDA0001490064040000102
Wherein each Z is independently selected from the group consisting of a single bond, - (C)mH2m)-、-(CmF2m)-、-(CH2CH2O)m-、-(OCH2CH2)m-, - (CO) -O-or-O- (CO) -, k being each independently an integer of 1 to 5, and m being each independently an integer of 1 to 20;
Rfis-ChF2h+1H is an integer of 0 to 10; rf1、Rf2And Rf3Each independently is-CiH2i+1or-CiF2i+1I is an integer of 0 to 10;
cation Y+Is H+、Li+、Na+、K+、Rb+、Cs+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Sr2+、Ba2+、Al3+Any one of a cation represented by formula (4), a cation represented by formula (5), a cation represented by formula (6), a cation represented by formula (7), a cation represented by formula (8), a cation represented by formula (9), and a cation represented by formula (10):
formula (4)
Figure BDA0001490064040000103
Formula (5)
Figure BDA0001490064040000104
Formula (6)
Figure BDA0001490064040000105
Formula (7)
Figure BDA0001490064040000111
Formula (8)
Figure BDA0001490064040000112
Formula (9)
Figure BDA0001490064040000113
Formula (10)
Figure BDA0001490064040000114
Wherein R is1、R2、R3And R4Each independently selected from C1-C10 alkyl or- (CH)2CH2O)j-CH3And j is each independently an integer of 1 to 10.
According to the present invention, the groups referred to in the above formulae are as described above and the present invention is not described in detail herein. Among them, the monomer represented by the formula (1-a) can be appropriately selected in accordance with the structural unit represented by the above formula (1).
Preferably, the monomer represented by formula (1-a) is selected from one or more of the following monomers:
formula (1-a-1): in the formula (1-a), Z is a single bond, RfIs F, Rf1And Rf2Is F, Rf3Is H, Y+Is Li+；
Formula (1-a-2): in the formula (1-a), Z is a single bond, RfIs F, Rf1And Rf2Is F, Rf3Is H, Y+Is a cation represented by the formula (10), and in the formula (10), R is1Is ethyl, R2Is methyl.
According to the present invention, the preparation of the monomer represented by the formula (1-a) can be specifically designed according to the structure thereof, and the method in the following embodiment can be specifically referred to, and the present invention is not particularly limited thereto.
According to the present invention, the ratio of the amount of the monomer represented by the formula (1-a), the monomer represented by the formula (2-a) and the monomer represented by the formula (3-a) to be used may be determined depending on the desired ratio of the structural units and the molecular weight of the vinylidene fluoride-based copolymer, wherein the molar ratio of the amount of the monomer represented by the formula (1-a), the amount of the monomer represented by the formula (2-a) and the amount of the monomer represented by the formula (3-a) is preferably 0.001 to 999: 1: 0.001 to 9, preferably 0.01 to 100: 1: 0.005 to 5, more preferably 0.1 to 9: 1: 0.01 to 1, more preferably 0.5 to 5: 1: 0.01 to 0.5, preferably 0.5 to 2: 1: 0.01-0.1.
According to the present invention, the radical initiator may have various options, and preferably, the radical initiator is one or more of di-t-butyl peroxide, cumene peroxide, t-butyl hydroperoxide, cumene hydroperoxide, dibenzoyl peroxide, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, cyclohexanone peroxide, t-butyl peroxybenzoate, diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate, dicyclohexyl peroxydicarbonate, azobisisobutyronitrile, azobisisoheptonitrile, potassium persulfate, sodium persulfate, and ammonium persulfate.
Wherein the amount of the radical initiator to be used is suitably selected depending on the desired vinylidene fluoride-based copolymer, for example, in order to obtain a vinylidene fluoride-based copolymer having a weight average molecular weight of 50,000-2,000,000g/mol, preferably 100,000-1,000,000g/mol, more preferably 200,000-800,000g/mol, still more preferably 250,000-500,000g/mol, preferably the amount of the radical initiator to be used is 0.001 to 5mol%, preferably 0.1 to 5mol%, more preferably 0.2 to 2mol%, relative to the total molar amount of the monomer represented by the formula (1-a), the monomer represented by the formula (2-a) and the monomer represented by the formula (3-a).
According to the present invention, the organic solvent may have various choices, and preferably, the organic solvent is one or more of N-methylpyrrolidone, ethanol, methanol, acetonitrile, nitromethane, dimethylsulfoxide, N-dimethylformamide, acetone, chloroform, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and tetrahydrofuran, preferably one or more of N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylsulfoxide, ethanol, methanol, N-dimethylformamide, acetone, chloroform, and tetrahydrofuran.
Wherein the amount of the organic solvent to be used may vary within a wide range, and is preferably 10 to 1000mL, preferably 40 to 500mL, relative to 100mmol of the total amount of the monomer represented by formula (1-a), the monomer represented by formula (2-a) and the monomer represented by formula (3-a).
According to the present invention, it is preferred that the copolymerization reaction conditions include: the temperature is 50-90 ℃ and the time is 5-40 h. Preferably, the copolymerization conditions include: the temperature is 60-85 deg.C, and the time is 10-30h (such as 20-25 h).
According to the present invention, the monomer represented by the formula (1-a), the radical initiator and the organic solvent may be mixed, and then the temperature is raised to the temperature of the copolymerization reaction, and then the monomer represented by the formula (2-a) and the monomer represented by the formula (3-a) may be introduced to carry out the copolymerization reaction.
According to the present invention, in order to purify a vinylidene fluoride-based copolymer, the method of the present invention may further comprise: and (3) carrying out solid-liquid separation on the product after the copolymerization reaction, dissolving the obtained solid phase in ethanol, and then recrystallizing by using diethyl ether to obtain the solid, namely the vinylidene fluoride copolymer.
According to the present invention, in the step (2), the vinylidene fluoride copolymer and the optional inorganic particles are formed into a dope solution, and the dope solution can be formed into a film by spinning. However, in order to obtain a polymer separator having more excellent performance, only the vinylidene fluoride copolymer is added, and no other polymer is used.
According to the present invention, since the vinylidene fluoride copolymer can be well dissolved in both of the huge polar and nonpolar solvents, the solvent used for the spinning dope solution can be also selected from a wide range, and preferably, the solvent used for the coating slurry is one or more of N-methylpyrrolidone, ethanol, methanol, acetonitrile, nitromethane, dimethylsulfoxide, N-dimethylformamide, acetone, chloroform, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and tetrahydrofuran, preferably one or more of N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylsulfoxide, ethanol, methanol, N-dimethylformamide, acetone, chloroform and tetrahydrofuran.
Wherein the solvent used in the spinning dope solution is used in an amount of 5 to 50 parts by weight, preferably 6 to 20 parts by weight, based on 1 part by weight of the vinylidene fluoride-based copolymer.
According to the present invention, the polymer separator may or may not contain inorganic particles, and therefore, the spinning dope solution may or may not contain inorganic particles, and the weight ratio of the inorganic particles to the vinylidene fluoride copolymer is considered to be 0 to 99:1, inorganic particles can be introduced into the spinning dope solution, and the selection of the inorganic particles is described above, which is not described herein again. Preferably, the weight ratio of the inorganic particles to the vinylidene fluoride-based copolymer is 0.1 to 99:1, preferably 0.2 to 50: 1, more preferably 0.5 to 10: 1, for example 1 to 9: 1.
the particle size of the inorganic particles is not particularly limited in the present invention, and the particle size of the inorganic particles can be the one conventionally used in the art, for example, the particle size of the inorganic particles is 1nm to 100 μm, preferably 10nm to 50 μm, for example, 100-500nm, 600-1000nm, 1-10 μm.
According to the present invention, in the above method for preparing a polymer separator, the spinning film-forming process of the spinning film-forming solution in step (3) may be performed by using a spinning machine, and the spinning machine is not particularly limited in the present invention, and a spinning machine that is conventional in the art may be used. Wherein, the temperature of the subsequent drying can be 50-90 ℃ for example, so as to dry. The pressure for press molding may be, for example, 3 to 10 MPa.
According to the present invention, the polymer separator formed by the method of the present invention is a porous structure, preferably, having a thickness of 1 to 100 μm, preferably 1 to 20 μm, more preferably 1 to 10 μm; the pore size is from 1 to 1000nm, preferably from 5 to 500nm, for example from 10 to 200 nm.
The third aspect of the present invention provides the polymer separator obtained by the production method of the second aspect.
According to the present invention, the polymer separator is produced by the above-described method, and its characteristics can be referred to the above-described specific description of the polymer separator.
A fourth aspect of the invention provides the use of the above-described polymer separator in a battery as a battery separator.
The vinylidene fluoride copolymer adopted by the invention can be well dissolved in huge polar and nonpolar solvents, and is convenient for preparing spinning membrane-making liquid to form a polymer membrane; meanwhile, the obtained polymer diaphragm has better ion conductivity and high temperature resistance.
A fifth aspect of the present invention provides a lithium battery, comprising: the battery diaphragm is the polymer diaphragm.
According to the present invention, the positive electrode, the negative electrode and the electrolyte are not particularly limited, and those conventionally used in the art can be used.
Wherein the positive electrode generally includes an electrode current collector and a positive electrode material layer formed on the electrode current collector. The electrode current collector is not particularly limited, and an electrode current collector conventional in the art, for example, a copper foil, an aluminum foil, etc., may be used, and the thickness thereof may be, for example, 1 to 100 μm.
Wherein the positive electrode material layer contains a positive electrode active material, a conductive agent and a binder. The contents of the positive electrode active material, the conductive agent and the binder may vary within a wide range, and preferably, the content of the conductive agent is 1 to 20 parts by weight, preferably 5 to 15 parts by weight, relative to 100 parts by weight of the positive electrode active material; the content of the binder is 1 to 20 parts by weight, preferably 2 to 15 parts by weight.
Wherein the positive electrode active material is preferably LiCoO2、LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4、LiNixCoyMnzO2(NCM is abbreviated as NCM, and commonly known as NCM811, NCM622, NCM523 and NCM333), LiNixCoyAlzO2(NCA is a common example, and LiNi is a common example0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2) And LiMPO4Wherein, 0<x<1，0<y<1，0<z<1, and x + y + z is 1, M is Fe, Co, Ni or Mn.
The conductive agent is one or more of acetylene black, superconducting carbon, conductive carbon black, conductive graphite, carbon nano tubes and carbon nano fibers.
Wherein the binder can be one or more of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC).
According to the present invention, preferably, the thickness of the positive electrode material layer is 10 to 200 μm (single-sided thickness).
According to the present invention, the method for preparing the positive electrode may include: providing a positive electrode slurry containing a positive electrode active material, a conductive agent and a binder; the positive electrode slurry is coated on an electrode current collector and dried to form a positive electrode material layer on the electrode current collector.
The solvent used in the positive electrode slurry may be a solvent conventionally used in the art, and may be one or more of N, N-dimethylformamide, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylsulfoxide, tetrahydrofuran, chloroform, dichloromethane, and acetonitrile, for example. The amount of the solvent may vary within a wide range, and for example, the amount of the solvent used in the positive electrode slurry is such that the total concentration of the positive electrode active material, the conductive agent and the binder is 20 to 80% by weight, preferably 30 to 60% by weight.
According to the preparation method of the positive electrode, the positive electrode slurry is coated on the electrode current collector and dried to form the positive electrode material layer on the current collector. Wherein the drying temperature can be 50-70 deg.C, for example, to dry.
Wherein the negative electrode generally includes an electrode current collector and a negative electrode material layer formed on the electrode current collector. The electrode current collector is as described above, and the present invention is not described herein in detail.
Wherein the negative electrode material layer contains a negative electrode active material, a conductive agent, and a binder. The contents of the negative electrode active material, the conductive agent and the binder may vary within a wide range, and preferably, the content of the conductive agent is 1 to 20 parts by weight, preferably 5 to 15 parts by weight, with respect to 100 parts by weight of the negative electrode active material; the content of the binder is 1 to 20 parts by weight, preferably 2 to 15 parts by weight.
Wherein the negative active material is preferably one or more of graphite, activated carbon, graphene, silicon and silicon-carbon composite material.
Wherein the conductive agent and binder are as described above, but may be selected independently of each other, other than that used to prepare the positive electrode.
According to the present invention, preferably, the thickness of the anode material layer is 10 to 200 μm (single-sided thickness).
According to the present invention, the method of preparing the anode may include: providing a negative electrode slurry containing a negative electrode active material, a conductive agent and a binder; the negative electrode slurry is coated on an electrode current collector and dried to form a negative electrode material layer on the electrode current collector.
The solvent used for the negative electrode slurry may be a solvent conventionally used in the art, and may be one or more of N, N-dimethylformamide, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylsulfoxide, tetrahydrofuran, chloroform, dichloromethane, and acetonitrile, for example. The amount of the solvent may vary within a wide range, and for example, the amount of the solvent used in the anode slurry is such that the total concentration of the anode active material, the conductive agent and the binder is 20 to 80% by weight, preferably 30 to 60% by weight.
According to the preparation method of the positive electrode, the negative electrode slurry is coated on the electrode current collector and dried to form the negative electrode material layer on the current collector. Wherein the drying temperature can be 50-70 deg.C, for example, to dry.
For example, the electrolyte may be an organic solution of a lithium salt, and the concentration thereof may be, for example, 0.5 to 2mol/L, preferably 1 to 1.5 mol/L. The lithium salt may be LiClO, for example4(lithium perchlorate) and LiPF6(lithium hexafluorophosphate), LiBF4(lithium tetrafluoroborate), LiBOB (lithium dioxalate borate), LiN (SO)2CF3)2Lithium bistrifluoro (methylsulfonate) imide), LiCF3SO3(lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate) and LiN (SO)2CF2CF3)2One or more of (a). The solvent used may be, for example, one or more of Vinylene Carbonate (VC), Ethylene Carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), Ethyl Methyl Carbonate (EMC), and diethyl carbonate (DEC), preferably EC: DMC: VC volume ratio is 1: 0.5-2: 0.01-0.05 of mixed solvent.
The present invention will be described in detail below by way of examples.
Preparation example 1
Figure BDA0001490064040000171
The monomer is prepared according to the above reaction formula, specifically:
(1) 1.9164g (10mmol) of p-chlorobenzenesulfonamide was reacted with 2.3794g (20mmol) of thionyl chloride and 1.3982g (12mmol) of chlorosulfonic acid at 100 ℃ for 12h to give compound 1a (2.6113g, yield 90%);1H NMR(400MHz，CDCl3，ppm)，δ＝7.87(d,2×1H)、7.55(d,2×1H)、2.0(s,1H)。
(2) 2.9014g (10mmol) of compound 1a were taken together with 2.1451g (12mmol) of SbF3Reaction at 60 ℃ for 12h gave compound 1b (2.4632g, 90% yield);1H NMR(400MHz，CDCl3，ppm)，δ＝7.87(d,2×1H)、7.55(d,2×1H)、2.0(s,1H)。
(3) 2.7369g (10mmol) of compound 1b and 0.7389g (10mmol) of Li were taken2CO3Reaction at 25 ℃ for 2h gave compound 1c (2.7962g, 100% yield);1H NMR(400MHz，CDCl3，ppm)，δ＝7.87(d,2×1H)、7.55(d,2×1H)、2.0(s,1H)。
(4) in the case of cooling with an ice salt bath, 2.7962g (10mmol) of Compound 1c was taken and 10mL of a solution of 1.6015g (25mmol) of n-BuLi in tetrahydrofuran was added. After the two were stirred and mixed for 2 hours, 1.4772g (15mmol) of 1, 1-difluoro-2-chloroethylene gas was slowly introduced thereinto to react for 12 hours, giving the compound represented by the formula (1-a-1) (2.7648g, yield 90%);1H NMR(400MHz，CDCl3，ppm)，δ＝7.88(d,2×1H)、7.58(d,2×1H)、5.21(m,1H)。
(5) 3.072g (10mmol) of the compound shown in the formula (1-a-1) is reacted with 1.6128g (11mmol) of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole chloride at 25 ℃ for 12h to obtain the compound shown in the formula (1-a-2) (3.7028g, yield 90%);1HNMR(400MHz，CDCl3，ppm)，δ＝8.94(s,1H)、7.88(d,2×1H)、7.74(s,1H)、7.67(s,1H)、7.58(d,2×1H)、5.21(m,1H)、4.38(q,2H)、4.03(s,3H)、1.56(t,3H)。
preparation example 2
This preparation example is intended to illustrate the vinylidene fluoride-based copolymer of the present invention and the process for producing the same.
6.144g (20mmol) of the compound represented by the formula (1-a-1), 0.1mmol of di-tert-butyl peroxide and 20mL of acetonitrile were mixed well. While a mixed gas (about 20mmol) of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene was introduced at a molar ratio of 99:1 with heating and stirring at 70 ℃. After the gas introduction process is finished, continuing the reaction for 24 hours; filtering the obtained product, dissolving the solid with 10mL of ethanol, adding 50mL of diethyl ether for recrystallization, repeatedly recrystallizing for three times, and then drying the obtained solid in vacuum to obtain white powdery vinylidene fluoride copolymer P1;
wherein the weight average molecular weight of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer is 300,000g/mol, the molecular weight distribution index is 1.3, and the molar ratio of the structural unit represented by the formula (1-1), the structural unit represented by the formula (2) and the structural unit represented by the formula (3) is 1.01: 1: 0.01.
preparation example 3
This preparation example is intended to illustrate the vinylidene fluoride-based copolymer of the present invention and the process for producing the same.
8.228g (20mmol) of the compound represented by the formula (1-a-2), 0.2mmol of benzoyl peroxide and 50mL of acetonitrile were mixed well. While a mixed gas (about 30mmol) of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene was introduced at a molar ratio of 95:5 with heating and stirring at 80 ℃. After the gas introduction process is finished, continuing the reaction for 20 hours; filtering the obtained product, dissolving the solid with 10mL of ethanol, adding 50mL of diethyl ether for recrystallization, repeatedly recrystallizing for three times, and then drying the obtained solid in vacuum to obtain white powdery vinylidene fluoride copolymer P2;
wherein the weight average molecular weight of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer is 200,000g/mol, the molecular weight distribution index is 1.2, and the molar ratio of the structural unit represented by the formula (1-2), the structural unit represented by the formula (2) and the structural unit represented by the formula (3) is 0.7: 1: 0.05.
preparation example 4
This preparation example is intended to illustrate the vinylidene fluoride-based copolymer of the present invention and the process for producing the same.
The process as described in preparation example 2, except that the amount of di-t-butyl peroxide was 0.05mmol, and the reaction continued for 15 hours after the end of the introduction of the mixed gas of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene; thereby obtaining a vinylidene fluoride copolymer P3;
wherein the weight average molecular weight of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer is 100,000g/mol, and the molecular weight distribution index is 1.4.
Preparation example 5
This example is intended to illustrate the vinylidene fluoride-based copolymer of the present invention and the process for producing the same.
According to the method of preparation example 2, except that the amount of di-tert-butyl peroxide is 2mmol, the reaction is continued for 35h after the introduction of the mixed gas of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene is finished; thereby obtaining a vinylidene fluoride copolymer P4;
wherein the weight average molecular weight of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer is 1,000,000g/mol, and the molecular weight distribution index is 1.5.
Comparative example 1
According to the method described in production example 2, except that the compound represented by the formula (1-a-1) was not used, the molar amount of the mixed gas of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene was adjusted to 40mmol, thereby obtaining a vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer DP 1.
Wherein the weight average molecular weight of DP1 is 300,000g/mol, and the molecular weight distribution index is 1.32.
Test example 1
Solubility test the solubility of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer P1-P4 and DP1 obtained in the above examples and the PVDF-HFP type LBG of Achima in a solvent were respectively tested, specifically 0.5g of the polymer was dissolved in 10g of the corresponding solvent, and the dissolution was observed, and the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
Solvent(s) P1 P2 P3 P4 DP1 LBG
N-methyl pyrrolidone Can dissolve Can dissolve Can dissolve Can dissolve Can dissolve Can dissolve
Dimethyl sulfoxide Can dissolve Can dissolve Can dissolve Can dissolve Can dissolve Can dissolve
Methanol Can dissolve Can dissolve Can dissolve Can dissolve Is insoluble Is insoluble
Ethanol Can dissolve Can dissolve Can dissolve Can dissolve Is insoluble Is insoluble
N, N-dimethylformamide Can dissolve Can dissolve Can dissolve Can dissolve Can dissolve Can dissolve
Acetone (II) Can dissolve Can dissolve Can dissolve Can dissolve Is insoluble Is insoluble
Chloroform Can dissolve Can dissolve Can dissolve Can dissolve Is insoluble Is insoluble
Tetrahydrofuran (THF) Can dissolve Can dissolve Can dissolve Can dissolve Is insoluble Is insoluble
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the vinylidene fluoride-based copolymer used in the present invention has excellent solubility in a wide variety of solvents.
Separator examples 1 to 4
This example is intended to illustrate the polymer separator and the method of preparing the same according to the present invention.
(1) Respectively stirring and dissolving 1g of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer P1-P4 and 9g of ethanol for 12 hours to obtain spinning membrane-making liquid;
(2) the spinning membrane-forming liquid is spun into a membrane by a spinning machine (model TL01 of Tongli micronano science and technology Limited company, Shenzhen), and the obtained wet membrane is dried at 60 ℃ and pressed under 5MPa pressure to obtain a polymer membrane S1-S4 with a porous structure.
Wherein, polymer membrane S1: the thickness is 16 μm, and the average pore diameter is 200 nm; polymer membrane S2: the thickness is 16 μm, and the average pore diameter is 200 nm; polymer membrane S3: the thickness is 16 μm, and the average pore diameter is 200 nm; polymer membrane S4: the thickness was 16 μm and the average pore diameter was 200 nm.
Examples 5 to 8 of separators
This example is intended to illustrate the polymer separator and the method of preparing the same according to the present invention.
(1) 1g of the above vinylidene fluoride-based copolymer P1-P4 and 1g of α -Al2O3Stirring and dissolving ceramic powder (purchased from Nanjing Tianxing New Material Co., Ltd., particle size of 200nm) and 9g of ethanol for 12h to obtain spinning membrane-making liquid;
(2) and spinning the spinning membrane-forming solution by using a spinning machine to form a membrane, drying the obtained wet membrane at 60 ℃ and pressing the dried wet membrane under the pressure of 5MPa to obtain the polymer membrane S5-S8 with a porous structure.
Wherein, polymer membrane S5: the thickness is 16 μm, and the average pore diameter is 200 nm; polymer membrane S6: the thickness is 16 μm, and the average pore diameter is 200 nm; polymer membrane S7: the thickness is 16 μm, and the average pore diameter is 200 nm; polymer membrane S8: the thickness was 16 μm and the average pore diameter was 200 nm.
Separator comparative example 1
According to the method described in separator example 1, except that the vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer DP1 obtained in comparative example 1 was used in place of the vinylidene fluoride-based copolymer P1 in equal weight, and N-methylpyrrolidone was used in place of ethanol in equal weight, a polymer separator DS1 having a porous structure was obtained.
Wherein, the polymer membrane DS 1: the thickness was 16 μm and the average pore diameter was 200 nm.
Separator comparative example 2
According to the method described in separator example 5, except that the vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer DP1 obtained in comparative example 1 was used in place of the vinylidene fluoride-based copolymer P1 in equal weight, and N-methylpyrrolidone was used in place of ethanol in equal weight, a polymer separator DS2 having a porous structure was obtained.
Wherein, the polymer membrane DS 2: the thickness was 16 μm and the average pore diameter was 200 nm.
Test example 2
And (3) high temperature resistance test: PP separators (PP-based membrane having a thickness of 12 μm, PVDF-HFP coating having a thickness of 2 μm on one side and a total thickness of 16 μm, available from Celgard Co., Ltd.), PP separators (porous PP separators available from Celgard Co., thickness of 16 μm, pore diameter of 100nm) coated on both sides of the above-mentioned polymer separators S1-S8 and DS1-DS2, and commercially available PVDF-HFP, respectively, and Al with PVDF as a binder2O3Ceramic separator (from Celgard Corp. PP-based film with a thickness of 12 μm, Al)2O3One side of the coating was 2 μm thick and the total thickness was 16 μm) was subjected to a high temperature resistance test.
The test method is as follows: the membrane was taken to an area of 5cm × 5cm, then baked at 150 ℃ for 1 hour and the change in the membrane size was measured, and the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
Figure BDA0001490064040000221
As can be seen from the data of table 2, the polymer separator obtained according to the present invention has excellent high temperature resistance.
Test example 3
Testing the body impedance: the above-mentioned polymer separators S1-S8 and DS1-DS2 and a commercially available PVDF-HFP both-side-coated PP separator (obtained from Celgard, PP-based film having a thickness of 12 μm, PVDF-HFP coating having a thickness of 2 μm on one side and a total thickness of 16 μm), PP separator (porous PP separator obtained from Celgard, thickness of 16 μm, average pore diameter of 100nm), and Al separator using PVDF as a binder were separately coated on both sides2O3Ceramic separator (from Celgard Corp. PP-based film with a thickness of 12 μm, Al)2O3The thickness of one side of the coating is 2 mu m, the total thickness is 16 mu m) is cut into a wafer with the diameter of phi 18mm, and then the wafer is mixed with two stainless steel sheets with the diameter of phi 16mm and LiPF6Liquid electrolyte (LiPF) with concentration of 1mol/L6And the/EC-DMC-VC (volume ratio of 1:1:0.02)) is assembled into the CR2016 button cell. And finally, carrying out EIS (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) test on the prepared button cell on an electrochemical workstation, wherein the frequency range is 1 HZ-8 MHZ, and the amplitude is 5 mV. Then, the bulk impedance of the corresponding separator was obtained from the Nyquist plot obtained from the EIS test, and the results are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3
Diaphragm Bulk impedance/omega
S1 2.0
S2 1.8
S3 2.5
S4 2.7
DS1 3.0
S5 2.3
S6 2.0
S7 2.7
S8 2.9
DS2 3.2
PVDF-HFP double coated PP separator 4.5
PP diaphragm 5.7
Al2O3Ceramic diaphragm 4.8
As can be seen from the results of table 3, the polymer separator obtained according to the present invention has excellent ion conductivity.
Positive electrode sheet preparation example 1
(1) 9g of LiCoO20.5g of acetylene black, 0.5g of PVDF (LBG brand from Achima) and 10g of N-methyl pyrrolidone were uniformly dispersed by a dispersion machine to obtain a positive electrode slurry;
(2) the positive electrode slurry was uniformly coated on an aluminum foil (having a thickness of 18 μm) using a coater, and then dried at 60 c, thereby obtaining a positive electrode sheet a in which the thickness of the positive electrode material layer was about 200 μm.
Negative electrode sheet preparation example 1
(1) Uniformly dispersing 9g of graphite, 0.5g of carbon nanotubes (purchased from Qingdao Hao Xin New energy science and technology Co., Ltd.), 0.5g of water-based styrene-butadiene rubber (purchased from SD332 brand of Pasteur) and 10g of water by using a dispersion machine to obtain negative electrode slurry;
(2) the negative electrode slurry was uniformly coated on an aluminum foil (having a thickness of 18 μm) using a coater, and then dried at 60 c, thereby obtaining a negative electrode sheet B in which the thickness of the negative electrode material layer was about 200 μm.
Battery production example 1
This preparation example is illustrative of a lithium battery of the invention.
Positive electrode sheet A, negative electrode sheet B, polymer separator S1 and LiPF6Liquid electrolyte (LiPF) with concentration of 1mol/L6And preparing the/EC-DMC-VC (volume ratio of 1:1:0.02)) into a flexible package battery C1.
Battery preparation examples 2 to 8
This preparation example is illustrative of a lithium battery of the invention.
According to the method described in battery preparation example 1, except that polymer separators S2-S8 were used instead of S1, respectively, pouch batteries C2-C8 were manufactured, respectively.
Comparative examples 1 to 2 of batteries
According to the method described in the battery preparation example 1, except that polymer separators DS1-DS2 are respectively used instead of S1, pouch batteries DC1-DC2 are respectively prepared.
Comparative battery example 3
Separately, pouch batteries DC3 were prepared according to the method described in battery preparation example 1, except that a PVDF-HFP both-coated PP separator (available from Celgard, PP-based film having a thickness of 12 μm, PVDF-HFP coating having a thickness of 2 μm on one side and a total thickness of 16 μm) was used instead of S1.
Comparative battery example 4
Separately, a pouch cell DC4 was prepared according to the method described in battery preparation example 1, except that a PP separator (porous structure PP separator available from Celgard corporation, thickness 16 μm, average pore size 100nm) was used instead of S1.
Comparative battery example 5
According to the method described in preparation example 1 of the battery, except that Al with PVDF as a binder was used2O3Ceramic separator (from Celgard Corp. PP-based film with a thickness of 12 μm, Al)2O3One-sided thickness of the coating was 2 μm and the total thickness was 16 μm) instead of S1, thereby respectively manufacturing pouch cell DC 5.
Test example 4
The rate performance and cycle performance of the above batteries were measured, respectively, and the results are shown in table 4.
Wherein, the multiplying power performance test process: the battery is charged at constant current of 3.0V to 4.2V at a rate of 0.1C, then charged at constant voltage of 4.2V to 0.01C, and then left for 5 minutes, and finally discharged at rates of 0.5C, 1C, 2C, 5C, 8C and 10C to 3.0V.
The cycle performance test process: the cell was first charged at 2C rate from 3.0V to 4.2V with constant current, then left to stand for 5 minutes, then charged at 4.2V with constant voltage to 0.02C cut off, finally discharged at 2C rate to 3.0V, and finally left to stand for 5 minutes. The process is circulated 500 times.
TABLE 4
Figure BDA0001490064040000251
It can be seen from the data in table 4 that lithium batteries with higher specific capacity and cycle performance can be obtained at higher rate by using the polymer membrane of the present invention.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above in detail, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical idea of the invention, many simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the invention, including combinations of various technical features in any other suitable way, and these simple modifications and combinations should also be regarded as the disclosure of the invention, and all fall within the scope of the invention.

Claims (41)

1. A polymer separator comprising polymer fibers, wherein the polymer fibers contain a vinylidene fluoride copolymer containing a structural unit represented by the following formula (1), a structural unit represented by the following formula (2), and a structural unit represented by the following formula (3);
Figure 624900DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
wherein each Z is independently selected from the group consisting of a single bond, - (C)mH2m)-、-(CmF2m)-、-(CH2CH2O)m-、-(OCH2CH2)m-, - (CO) -O-or-O- (CO) -, k being each independently an integer of 1 to 5, and m being each independently an integer of 1 to 20;
Rfis-ChF2h+1H is an integer of 0 to 10; rf1、Rf2And Rf3Each independently is-CiH2i+1or-CiF2i+1I is an integer of 0 to 10;
cation Y+Is H+、Li+、Na+、K+、Rb+、Cs+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Sr2+、Ba2+、Al3+Any one of a cation represented by formula (4), a cation represented by formula (5), a cation represented by formula (6), a cation represented by formula (7), a cation represented by formula (8), a cation represented by formula (9), and a cation represented by formula (10):
Figure 978521DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
wherein R is1、R2、R3And R4Each independently selected from C1-C10 alkyl or- (CH)2CH2O)j-CH3And j is each independently an integer of 1 to 10.
2. The polymer separator according to claim 1, wherein each Z is independently selected from the group consisting of a single bond, - (C)mH2m)-、-(CmF2m)-、-(CH2CH2O)m-、-(OCH2CH2)m-, - (CO) -O-or-O- (CO) -, k being each independently 1, 2 or 3, and m being each independently an integer from 1 to 10; rfis-ChF2h+1H is an integer of 0 to 5; rf1、Rf2And Rf3Each independently is-CiH2i+1or-CiF2i+1I is an integer of 0 to 5; r1、R2、R3And R4Each independently selected from C1-C5 alkyl or- (CH)2CH2O)j-CH3And j is each independently an integer of 1 to 5.
3. The polymeric separator of claim 2, wherein each Z is independently selected from the group consisting of a single bond, -CH2-、-CH2-CH2-、-CF2-、-CF2-CF2-、-CH2CH2O-、-OCH2CH2-, - (CO) -O-or-O- (CO) -; rfis-F, -CF3or-CF2CF3，Rf1、Rf2And Rf3Each independently is-H, -CH3、-CH2CH3、-F、-CF3or-CF2CF3；R1、R2、R3And R4Each independently selected from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, -CH2CH2O-CH3Or- (CH)2CH2O)2-CH3。
4. The polymer separator according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the molar ratio of the structural unit represented by formula (1), the structural unit represented by formula (2), and the structural unit represented by formula (3) is from 0.001 to 999: 1: 0.001-9.
5. The polymer separator according to claim 4, wherein the molar ratio of the structural unit represented by formula (1), the structural unit represented by formula (2), and the structural unit represented by formula (3) is 0.01 to 100: 1: 0.005-5.
6. The polymer separator according to claim 5, wherein the molar ratio of the structural unit represented by formula (1), the structural unit represented by formula (2), and the structural unit represented by formula (3) is 0.1 to 9: 1: 0.01-1.
7. The polymer separator according to claim 6, wherein the molar ratio of the structural unit represented by formula (1), the structural unit represented by formula (2), and the structural unit represented by formula (3) is 0.5 to 5: 1: 0.01-0.5.
8. The polymer membrane according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the weight average molecular weight of the vinylidene fluoride-based copolymer is 50,000-2,000,000 g/mol.
9. The polymer separator according to claim 8, wherein the weight average molecular weight of the vinylidene fluoride-based copolymer is 100,000-1,000,000 g/mol.
10. The polymer separator according to claim 9, wherein the weight average molecular weight of the vinylidene fluoride-based copolymer is 200,000-800,000 g/mol.
11. The polymer separator according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein inorganic particles are further incorporated in the polymer separator, and the weight ratio of the inorganic particles to the polymer fibers is from 0.1 to 99: 1.
12. the polymer separator according to claim 11, wherein the weight ratio of the inorganic particles to the polymer fibers is 0.2-50: 1.
13. the polymer separator according to claim 12, wherein the weight ratio of the inorganic particles to the polymer fibers is 0.5-10: 1.
14. the polymer separator according to claim 11, wherein the inorganic particles have a particle size of 1nm to 100 μm.
15. The polymer membrane according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the polymer membrane is a porous structure having a thickness of 1 to 100 μm and a pore size of 1 to 1000 nm.
16. A method of making a polymer separator, the method comprising:
(1) preparing a vinylidene fluoride copolymer;
(2) providing a spinning membrane-forming solution containing the vinylidene fluoride copolymer;
(3) spinning the spinning membrane-making solution to form a membrane, and drying and pressing the obtained wet membrane to obtain the polymer diaphragm;
wherein the method for preparing the vinylidene fluoride copolymer in the step (1) comprises the following steps: copolymerizing a monomer represented by the formula (1-a), a monomer represented by the formula (2-a) and a monomer represented by the formula (3-a) in an organic solvent in the presence of a radical initiator,
Figure 901347DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
wherein each Z is independently selected from the group consisting of a single bond, - (C)mH2m)-、-(CmF2m)-、-(CH2CH2O)m-、-(OCH2CH2)m-, - (CO) -O-or-O- (CO) -, k being each independently an integer of 1 to 5, and m being each independently an integer of 1 to 20;
Rfis-ChF2h+1H is an integer of 0 to 10; rf1、Rf2And Rf3Each independently is-CiH2i+1or-CiF2i+1I is an integer of 0 to 10;
cation Y+Is H+、Li+、Na+、K+、Rb+、Cs+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Sr2+、Ba2+、Al3+Any one of a cation represented by formula (4), a cation represented by formula (5), a cation represented by formula (6), a cation represented by formula (7), a cation represented by formula (8), a cation represented by formula (9), and a cation represented by formula (10):
Figure 365826DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
wherein R is1、R2、R3And R4Each independently selected from C1-C10 alkyl or- (CH)2CH2O)j-CH3And j is each independently an integer of 1 to 10.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein each Z is independently selected from the group consisting of a single bond, - (C)mH2m)-、-(CmF2m)-、-(CH2CH2O)m-、-(OCH2CH2)m-, - (CO) -O-or-O- (CO) -, k being each independently 1, 2 or 3, and m being each independently an integer from 1 to 10; rfis-ChF2h+1H is an integer of 0 to 5; rf1、Rf2And Rf3Each independently is-CiH2i+1or-CiF2i+1I is an integer of 0 to 5; r1、R2、R3And R4Each independently selected from C1-C5 alkyl or- (CH)2CH2O)j-CH3And j is each independently an integer of 1 to 5.
18. The method of claim 17, wherein each Z is independently selected from the group consisting of a single bond, a-CH2-、-CH2-CH2-、-CF2-、-CF2-CF2-、-CH2CH2O-、-OCH2CH2-, - (CO) -O-or-O- (CO) -; rfis-F, -CF3or-CF2CF3，Rf1、Rf2And Rf3Each independently is-H, -CH3、-CH2CH3、-F、-CF3or-CF2CF3；R1、R2、R3And R4Each independently selected from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, -CH2CH2O-CH3Or- (CH)2CH2O)2-CH3。
19. The production method according to any one of claims 16 to 18, wherein in the production method of a vinylidene fluoride-based copolymer, the monomer represented by the formula (1-a), the monomer represented by the formula (2-a), and the monomer represented by the formula (3-a) are used in a molar ratio of 0.001 to 999: 1: 0.001-9.
20. The production method according to claim 19, wherein in the production method of a vinylidene fluoride-based copolymer, the monomer represented by formula (1-a), the monomer represented by formula (2-a), and the monomer represented by formula (3-a) are used in a molar ratio of 0.01 to 100: 1: 0.005-5.
21. The production method according to claim 20, wherein in the production method of the vinylidene fluoride-based copolymer, the monomer represented by the formula (1-a), the monomer represented by the formula (2-a), and the monomer represented by the formula (3-a) are used in a molar ratio of 0.1 to 9: 1: 0.01-1.
22. The production method according to claim 21, wherein in the production method of a vinylidene fluoride-based copolymer, the monomer represented by formula (1-a), the monomer represented by formula (2-a), and the monomer represented by formula (3-a) are used in a molar ratio of 0.5 to 5: 1: 0.01-0.5.
23. The production method according to any one of claims 16 to 18, wherein the radical initiator is one or more of di-t-butyl peroxide, cumene peroxide, t-butyl hydroperoxide, cumene hydroperoxide, dibenzoyl peroxide, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, cyclohexanone peroxide, t-butyl peroxybenzoate, diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate, dicyclohexyl peroxydicarbonate, azobisisobutyronitrile, azobisisoheptonitrile, potassium persulfate, sodium persulfate, and ammonium persulfate.
24. The production method according to any one of claims 16 to 18, wherein the radical initiator is used in an amount of 0.001 to 5mol% relative to the total molar amount of the monomer represented by formula (1-a), the monomer represented by formula (2-a) and the monomer represented by formula (3-a).
25. The production method according to claim 24, wherein the amount of the radical initiator is 0.1 to 5mol% relative to the total molar amount of the monomer represented by formula (1-a), the monomer represented by formula (2-a) and the monomer represented by formula (3-a).
26. The production method according to claim 25, wherein the amount of the radical initiator used is 0.2 to 2mol% relative to the total molar amount of the monomer represented by formula (1-a), the monomer represented by formula (2-a) and the monomer represented by formula (3-a).
27. The production method according to any one of claims 16 to 18, wherein the organic solvent is one or more of N-methylpyrrolidone, ethanol, methanol, acetonitrile, nitromethane, dimethyl sulfoxide, N-dimethylformamide, acetone, chloroform, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and tetrahydrofuran.
28. The production method according to claim 27, wherein the organic solvent is one or more of N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylsulfoxide, ethanol, methanol, N-dimethylformamide, acetone, chloroform, and tetrahydrofuran.
29. The production method according to any one of claims 16 to 18, wherein the amount of the organic solvent used is 10 to 1000mL per 100mmol of the total amount of the monomer represented by formula (1-a), the monomer represented by formula (2-a) and the monomer represented by formula (3-a).
30. The production method according to any one of claims 16 to 18, wherein the conditions of the copolymerization reaction include: the temperature is 50-90 ℃ and the time is 5-40 h.
31. The production method according to any one of claims 16 to 18, wherein the solvent used in the spinning dope solution is one or more of N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylsulfoxide, ethanol, methanol, N-dimethylformamide, acetone, chloroform, and tetrahydrofuran.
32. The production method according to any one of claims 16 to 18, wherein the solvent used in the spinning dope solution is used in an amount of 5 to 50 parts by weight relative to 1 part by weight of the vinylidene fluoride-based copolymer.
33. The production method according to claim 32, wherein the solvent used in the spinning dope solution is used in an amount of 6 to 20 parts by weight based on 1 part by weight of the vinylidene fluoride-based copolymer.
34. The production method according to any one of claims 16 to 18, wherein inorganic particles are further incorporated in the dope solution, and the weight ratio of the inorganic particles to the vinylidene fluoride-based copolymer is from 0.1 to 99: 1.
35. the production method according to claim 34, wherein the weight ratio of the inorganic particles to the vinylidene fluoride-based copolymer is from 0.2 to 50: 1.
36. the production method according to claim 35, wherein the weight ratio of the inorganic particles to the vinylidene fluoride-based copolymer is from 0.5 to 10: 1.
37. the method of claim 34, wherein the inorganic particles have a particle size of 1nm to 100 μm.
38. The production method according to any one of claims 16 to 18, wherein the polymer separator is a porous structure having a thickness of 1 to 100 μm and a pore diameter of 1 to 1000 nm.
39. A polymer separator obtained by the production method according to any one of claims 16 to 38.
40. Use of a polymer separator as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 15 and 39 in a battery as a battery separator.
41. A lithium battery, the battery comprising: a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a battery separator and an electrolyte, wherein the battery separator is the polymer separator of any one of claims 1 to 15 and 39.
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