CN109849690B - A motor control method and control device for an electric vehicle - Google Patents

A motor control method and control device for an electric vehicle Download PDF

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CN109849690B
CN109849690B CN201910186685.6A CN201910186685A CN109849690B CN 109849690 B CN109849690 B CN 109849690B CN 201910186685 A CN201910186685 A CN 201910186685A CN 109849690 B CN109849690 B CN 109849690B
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vehicle speed
vehicle
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CN109849690A (en
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陶涛
杨润贤
吕志香
花良浩
王树梅
马小燕
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Yangzhou Polytechnic Institute
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Abstract

The invention discloses a motor control method of an electric automobile, relates to the technical field of automobiles, and mainly aims to solve the problem that a driver cannot cope with the situation in real time when the automobile slips; the method comprises the following steps: acquiring the actual speed of the vehicle; calculating the approved vehicle speed of the vehicle according to the transmission ratio and the actual rotating speed of the motor; and comparing the actual vehicle speed with the approved vehicle speed, judging whether the vehicle slips or not according to the difference value between the actual vehicle speed and the approved vehicle speed, if so, cutting off the transmission connection between the motor and the accelerator pedal, and simultaneously reducing the actual rotating speed of the motor. The invention can immediately respond when the vehicle slips, and avoid unexpected accidents caused by slow response.

Description

一种电动汽车的电机控制方法及控制装置A motor control method and control device for an electric vehicle

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及汽车技术领域，具体是一种电动汽车的电机控制方法及控制装置。The invention relates to the technical field of automobiles, in particular to a motor control method and a control device of an electric vehicle.

背景技术Background technique

随着新能源技术的推广，现市面上出现了较多不同类别的电动汽车。电动汽车是指以车载电源为动力，用电机驱动车轮行驶，符合道路交通、安全法规各项要求的车辆。由于对环境影响相对传统汽车较小，同时具有具有高效、节能等优势，其前景被广泛看好。With the promotion of new energy technology, there are many different types of electric vehicles on the market. Electric vehicle refers to a vehicle that is powered by on-board power supply and driven by a motor, and meets the requirements of road traffic and safety regulations. Due to its smaller impact on the environment than traditional vehicles, and its advantages of high efficiency and energy saving, its prospects are widely optimistic.

电动车在行驶过程中遇到湿滑路面或者结冰路面时易产生轮胎打滑现象，这主要是由于轮胎失去抓地力造成的，轮胎打滑会造成电机空转，浪费能源，同时也存在一定的安全隐患。解决轮胎打滑最简单的方法是降低车速，使轮胎重新获得抓地力，就这需要驾驶员松开油门降低车速。但由于人的感官存在一定的误差，难以对轮胎打滑现象做到即时应对，从而有可能会因为应对较慢导致不可预料的事故发生。Electric vehicles are prone to tire slippage when they encounter slippery or icy roads during driving. This is mainly caused by the loss of grip of the tires. The slippage of the tires will cause the motor to idling and waste energy. At the same time, there are certain safety hazards. . The easiest way to deal with tire slippage is to reduce the speed of the vehicle so that the tires regain grip, which requires the driver to release the accelerator to reduce the speed of the vehicle. However, due to certain errors in human senses, it is difficult to respond immediately to the tire slipping phenomenon, which may lead to unforeseen accidents due to the slow response.

发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

本发明的目的在于提供一种电动汽车的电机控制方法及控制装置，以解决上述问题。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a motor control method and a control device for an electric vehicle to solve the above problems.

为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

一种电动汽车的电机控制方法，包括以下步骤：A motor control method for an electric vehicle, comprising the following steps:

获取车辆的实际车速；Get the actual speed of the vehicle;

根据电机的传动比以及实际转速计算车辆的核定车速；Calculate the approved speed of the vehicle according to the transmission ratio of the motor and the actual speed;

对比所述实际车速和核定车速，根据所述实际车速和所述核定车速之间的差值判断车辆是否出现打滑，若是，则切断电机与油门踏板之间的传动连接，同时降低电机的所述实际转速。Compare the actual vehicle speed with the approved vehicle speed, and judge whether the vehicle slips according to the difference between the actual vehicle speed and the approved vehicle speed. If so, cut off the transmission connection between the motor and the accelerator pedal and reduce the actual speed.

在一种可选方案中：所述获取车辆的实际车速包括：In an optional solution: the obtaining the actual speed of the vehicle includes:

获取车辆在段时间内的行驶距离；Get the driving distance of the vehicle in a period of time;

根据所述行驶距离以及所述段时间的数值计算所述实际车速。The actual vehicle speed is calculated based on the travel distance and the value of the period of time.

在一种可选方案中：所述根据所述实际车速和所述核定车速之间的差值判断车辆是否出现打滑包括：In an optional solution: the determining whether the vehicle slips according to the difference between the actual vehicle speed and the approved vehicle speed includes:

对比所述实际车速与第一车速预设值和第二车速预设值，所述第一车速预设值大于所述第二车速预设值；Comparing the actual vehicle speed with a first preset vehicle speed value and a second preset vehicle speed value, the first preset vehicle speed value is greater than the second preset vehicle speed value;

当所述实际车速大于第二车速预设值而小于第一车速预设值时，将所述实际车速和所述核定车速之间的差值与第一预设差值进行对比，当所述差值大于所述第一预设差值时，判断车辆出现打滑；When the actual vehicle speed is greater than the second vehicle speed preset value and less than the first vehicle speed preset value, the difference between the actual vehicle speed and the approved vehicle speed is compared with the first preset difference value, and when the When the difference value is greater than the first preset difference value, it is determined that the vehicle slips;

当所述实际车速大于第一车速预设值时，将所述实际车速和所述核定车速之间的差值与第二预设差值进行对比，当所述差值大于所述第二预设差值时，判断车辆出现打滑；When the actual vehicle speed is greater than the first vehicle speed preset value, the difference between the actual vehicle speed and the approved vehicle speed is compared with a second preset difference value, and when the difference value is greater than the second preset vehicle speed When the difference is set, it is judged that the vehicle slips;

所述第一预设差值小于第二预设差值。The first preset difference value is smaller than the second preset difference value.

在一种可选方案中：所述方法还包括：In an optional solution: the method further includes:

当判断车辆出现打滑时，发出报警信息以使驾驶员知晓。When it is judged that the vehicle is slipping, an alarm message is issued to let the driver know.

一种电动汽车的电机控制装置，包括：A motor control device for an electric vehicle, comprising:

获取单元，用于获取车辆的实际车速；an acquisition unit, used to acquire the actual speed of the vehicle;

核算单元，用于根据电机的传动比以及实际转速计算车辆的核定车速；The accounting unit is used to calculate the approved speed of the vehicle according to the transmission ratio of the motor and the actual speed;

分析执行单元，用于对比所述实际车速和核定车速，根据所述实际车速和所述核定车速之间的差值判断车辆是否出现打滑，若是，则切断电机与油门踏板之间的传动连接，同时降低电机的所述实际转速。The analysis execution unit is used to compare the actual vehicle speed and the approved vehicle speed, and judge whether the vehicle slips according to the difference between the actual vehicle speed and the approved vehicle speed, and if so, cut off the transmission connection between the motor and the accelerator pedal, At the same time, the actual rotational speed of the motor is reduced.

在一种可选方案中：所述获取单元包括：In an optional solution: the obtaining unit includes:

获取子单元I，用于获取车辆在段时间内的行驶距离；Obtaining subunit I, for obtaining the travel distance of the vehicle within a period of time;

获取子单元II，用于根据所述行驶距离以及所述段时间的数值计算所述实际车速。Obtaining subunit II, configured to calculate the actual vehicle speed according to the travel distance and the value of the period of time.

在一种可选方案中：所述分析执行单元包括：In an optional solution: the analysis execution unit includes:

分析子单元，用于对比所述实际车速与第一车速预设值和第二车速预设值，所述第一车速预设值大于所述第二车速预设值；an analysis subunit, configured to compare the actual vehicle speed with a first preset vehicle speed value and a second preset vehicle speed value, where the first preset vehicle speed value is greater than the second preset vehicle speed value;

判断子单元I，用于当所述实际车速大于第二车速预设值而小于第一车速预设值时，将所述实际车速和所述核定车速之间的差值与第一预设差值进行对比，当所述差值大于所述第一预设差值时，判断车辆出现打滑；A judging sub-unit 1, configured to compare the difference between the actual vehicle speed and the approved vehicle speed with the first preset difference when the actual vehicle speed is greater than the second vehicle speed preset value and less than the first vehicle speed preset value and compare the values, and when the difference is greater than the first preset difference, it is determined that the vehicle slips;

判断子单元II，用于当所述实际车速大于第一车速预设值时，将所述实际车速和所述核定车速之间的差值与第二预设差值进行对比，当所述差值大于所述第二预设差值时，判断车辆出现打滑。A judging subunit II, configured to compare the difference between the actual vehicle speed and the approved vehicle speed with a second preset difference when the actual vehicle speed is greater than the first preset value of the vehicle speed, and when the difference is When the value is greater than the second preset difference, it is determined that the vehicle slips.

在一种可选方案中：所述装置还包括：In an optional solution: the device further includes:

报警单元，用于当判断车辆出现打滑时，发出报警信息。The alarm unit is used to issue an alarm message when it is judged that the vehicle is slipping.

一种计算机存储介质，其特征在于，所述介质存储有至少一条指令，所述至少一条指令由处理器加载并执行以实现上述的电动汽车的电机控制方法。A computer storage medium, characterized in that the medium stores at least one instruction, and the at least one instruction is loaded and executed by a processor to implement the above-mentioned motor control method for an electric vehicle.

相较于现有技术，本发明的有益效果如下：Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

本发明通过获取车辆的实际车速；根据电机的传动比以及实际转速计算车辆的核定车速；对比所述实际车速和核定车速，根据所述实际车速和所述核定车速之间的差值判断车辆是否出现打滑，若是，则切断电机与油门踏板之间的传动连接，同时降低电机的所述实际转速。即本发明能够在车辆出现打滑时即时做出应对，避免应对较慢导致不可预料的事故发生。The present invention obtains the actual vehicle speed of the vehicle; calculates the approved vehicle speed of the vehicle according to the transmission ratio of the motor and the actual rotational speed; compares the actual vehicle speed and the approved vehicle speed, and judges whether the vehicle is Slip occurs, and if so, the transmission connection between the motor and the accelerator pedal is cut off, and the actual speed of the motor is reduced at the same time. That is, the present invention can respond immediately when the vehicle skids, so as to avoid unforeseen accidents caused by slow responses.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为本发明中电动汽车的电机控制方法的流程图。FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a motor control method for an electric vehicle in the present invention.

图2为本发明中电动汽车的电机控制方法另一种实施例的流程图。FIG. 2 is a flow chart of another embodiment of a motor control method for an electric vehicle according to the present invention.

图3为本发明中电动汽车的电机控制装置的结构示意图。FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a motor control device of an electric vehicle according to the present invention.

图4为本发明中电动汽车的电机控制装置另一种实施例的结构示意图。FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of a motor control device for an electric vehicle according to the present invention.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

以下实施例会结合附图对本发明进行详述，在附图或说明中，相似或相同的部分使用相同的标号，并且在实际应用中，各部件的形状、厚度或高度可扩大或缩小。本发明所列举的各实施例仅用以说明本发明，并非用以限制本发明的范围。对本发明所作的任何显而易知的修饰或变更都不脱离本发明的精神与范围。The following embodiments will describe the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings or descriptions, similar or identical parts use the same reference numerals, and in practical applications, the shape, thickness or height of each component can be enlarged or reduced. The embodiments listed in the present invention are only used to illustrate the present invention, but not to limit the scope of the present invention. Any obvious modifications or changes made to the present invention do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

实施例1Example 1

请参阅图1，本发明实施例中，一种电动汽车的电机控制方法，该方法包括以下步骤：Referring to FIG. 1, in an embodiment of the present invention, a method for controlling a motor of an electric vehicle includes the following steps:

S10，获取车辆的实际车速。S10, obtain the actual speed of the vehicle.

进一步的，所述步骤S10包括：Further, the step S10 includes:

S101，获取车辆在段时间内的行驶距离；S101, obtaining the travel distance of the vehicle within a period of time;

S102，根据所述行驶距离以及所述段时间的数值计算所述实际车速。S102: Calculate the actual vehicle speed according to the travel distance and the value of the period of time.

一般来说，步骤S101中的行驶距离的获取是通过GPS来实现的，当然也可以采用其他设备进行获取。Generally speaking, the acquisition of the driving distance in step S101 is achieved by using GPS, and of course, other devices may also be used for acquisition.

S20，根据电机的传动比以及实际转速计算车辆的核定车速。S20: Calculate the approved vehicle speed of the vehicle according to the transmission ratio of the motor and the actual rotational speed.

S30，对比所述实际车速和核定车速，根据所述实际车速和所述核定车速之间的差值判断车辆是否出现打滑，若是，则切断电机与油门踏板之间的传动连接，同时降低电机的所述实际转速。S30, compare the actual vehicle speed with the approved vehicle speed, and determine whether the vehicle slips according to the difference between the actual vehicle speed and the approved vehicle speed, and if so, cut off the transmission connection between the motor and the accelerator pedal, and reduce the speed of the motor at the same time. the actual speed.

进一步的，所述步骤S30包括：Further, the step S30 includes:

S301，对比所述实际车速与第一车速预设值和第二车速预设值，所述第一车速预设值大于所述第二车速预设值；S301, comparing the actual vehicle speed with a first preset vehicle speed value and a second preset vehicle speed value, where the first preset vehicle speed value is greater than the second preset vehicle speed value;

S302，当所述实际车速大于第二车速预设值而小于第一车速预设值时，将所述实际车速和所述核定车速之间的差值与第一预设差值进行对比，当所述差值大于所述第一预设差值时，判断车辆出现打滑；S302, when the actual vehicle speed is greater than a second preset vehicle speed value but less than a first preset vehicle speed value, compare the difference between the actual vehicle speed and the approved vehicle speed with the first preset difference value, and when When the difference is greater than the first preset difference, it is determined that the vehicle is slipping;

S303，当所述实际车速大于第一车速预设值时，将所述实际车速和所述核定车速之间的差值与第二预设差值进行对比，当所述差值大于所述第二预设差值时，判断车辆出现打滑。S303, when the actual vehicle speed is greater than the first preset value of the vehicle speed, compare the difference between the actual vehicle speed and the approved vehicle speed with a second preset difference, and when the difference is greater than the first preset difference When the difference is preset to 2, it is judged that the vehicle is slipping.

所述第一预设差值小于第二预设差值。The first preset difference value is smaller than the second preset difference value.

因车辆在高速行驶中的打滑现象较低速行驶中严重，故应区别车辆高速行驶与低速行驶两种情况，以做到因时制宜。Because the slipping phenomenon of the vehicle in high-speed driving is serious in lower-speed driving, it is necessary to distinguish between the two situations of high-speed driving and low-speed driving of the vehicle, so as to adapt to the conditions of the time.

实施例2Example 2

请参阅图2，本发明实施例中，一种电动汽车的电机控制方法，该方法还包括：Referring to FIG. 2, in an embodiment of the present invention, a method for controlling a motor of an electric vehicle, the method further includes:

S40，当判断车辆出现打滑时，发出报警信息以使驾驶员知晓。S40, when it is determined that the vehicle is slipping, an alarm message is issued to let the driver know.

这样就能够使得驾驶员能够较早地知晓车辆的打滑，从而做出人为应对，同时也避免驾驶员误以为车辆自身出现故障。In this way, the driver can be aware of the slippage of the vehicle earlier, so as to make a human response, and at the same time, it can also prevent the driver from mistakenly thinking that the vehicle itself is faulty.

实施例3Example 3

请参阅图3，本发明实施例中，一种电动汽车的电机控制装置，该装置是基于上述方法设计的，具体来说，该装置包括：Referring to FIG. 3, in an embodiment of the present invention, a motor control device for an electric vehicle is designed based on the above method. Specifically, the device includes:

获取单元，用于获取车辆的实际车速；an acquisition unit, used to acquire the actual speed of the vehicle;

进一步的，所述获取单元包括：Further, the obtaining unit includes:

获取子单元I，用于获取车辆在段时间内的行驶距离；Obtaining subunit I, for obtaining the travel distance of the vehicle within a period of time;

获取子单元II，用于根据所述行驶距离以及所述段时间的数值计算所述实际车速。Obtaining subunit II, configured to calculate the actual vehicle speed according to the travel distance and the value of the period of time.

核算单元，用于根据电机的传动比以及实际转速计算车辆的核定车速；The accounting unit is used to calculate the approved speed of the vehicle according to the transmission ratio of the motor and the actual speed;

分析执行单元，用于对比所述实际车速和核定车速，根据所述实际车速和所述核定车速之间的差值判断车辆是否出现打滑，若是，则切断电机与油门踏板之间的传动连接，同时降低电机的所述实际转速。The analysis execution unit is used to compare the actual vehicle speed and the approved vehicle speed, and judge whether the vehicle slips according to the difference between the actual vehicle speed and the approved vehicle speed, and if so, cut off the transmission connection between the motor and the accelerator pedal, At the same time, the actual rotational speed of the motor is reduced.

进一步的，所述分析执行单元包括：Further, the analysis execution unit includes:

分析子单元，用于对比所述实际车速与第一车速预设值和第二车速预设值，所述第一车速预设值大于所述第二车速预设值；an analysis subunit, configured to compare the actual vehicle speed with a first preset vehicle speed value and a second preset vehicle speed value, where the first preset vehicle speed value is greater than the second preset vehicle speed value;

判断子单元I，用于当所述实际车速大于第二车速预设值而小于第一车速预设值时，将所述实际车速和所述核定车速之间的差值与第一预设差值进行对比，当所述差值大于所述第一预设差值时，判断车辆出现打滑；A judging sub-unit 1, configured to compare the difference between the actual vehicle speed and the approved vehicle speed with the first preset difference when the actual vehicle speed is greater than the second vehicle speed preset value and less than the first vehicle speed preset value and compare the values, and when the difference is greater than the first preset difference, it is determined that the vehicle slips;

判断子单元II，用于当所述实际车速大于第一车速预设值时，将所述实际车速和所述核定车速之间的差值与第二预设差值进行对比，当所述差值大于所述第二预设差值时，判断车辆出现打滑；A judging subunit II, configured to compare the difference between the actual vehicle speed and the approved vehicle speed with a second preset difference when the actual vehicle speed is greater than the first preset value of the vehicle speed, and when the difference is When the value is greater than the second preset difference, it is determined that the vehicle slips;

所述第一预设差值小于第二预设差值。The first preset difference value is smaller than the second preset difference value.

实施例4Example 4

请参阅图4，本发明实施例中，一种电动汽车的电机控制装置，该装置还包括：Referring to FIG. 4 , in an embodiment of the present invention, a motor control device for an electric vehicle further includes:

报警单元，用于当判断车辆出现打滑时，发出报警信息。The alarm unit is used to issue an alarm message when it is judged that the vehicle is slipping.

实施例5Example 5

一种计算机存储介质，其特征在于，所述介质存储有至少一条指令，所述至少一条指令由处理器加载并执行以实现上述的电动汽车的电机控制方法。A computer storage medium, characterized in that the medium stores at least one instruction, and the at least one instruction is loaded and executed by a processor to implement the above-mentioned motor control method for an electric vehicle.

以上所述，仅为本公开的具体实施方式，但本公开的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本公开揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本公开的保护范围之内。因此，本公开的保护范围应以权利要求的保护范围为准。The above are only specific embodiments of the present disclosure, but the protection scope of the present disclosure is not limited to this. should be included within the scope of protection of the present disclosure. Therefore, the protection scope of the present disclosure should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (5)

1. A motor control device for an electric vehicle, comprising:
an acquisition unit configured to acquire an actual vehicle speed of a vehicle;
the checking unit is used for calculating the checking vehicle speed of the vehicle according to the transmission ratio and the actual rotating speed of the motor;
the analysis execution unit is used for comparing the actual vehicle speed with the approved vehicle speed, judging whether the vehicle slips or not according to the difference value between the actual vehicle speed and the approved vehicle speed, and if so, cutting off the transmission connection between the motor and the accelerator pedal and simultaneously reducing the actual rotating speed of the motor;
the acquisition unit includes:
the acquisition subunit I is used for acquiring the driving distance of the vehicle in a period of time;
the acquiring subunit II is used for calculating the actual vehicle speed according to the running distance and the numerical value of the time;
the analysis execution unit includes:
the analysis subunit is used for comparing the actual vehicle speed with a first vehicle speed preset value and a second vehicle speed preset value, wherein the first vehicle speed preset value is larger than the second vehicle speed preset value;
the judgment subunit I is used for comparing a difference value between the actual vehicle speed and the approved vehicle speed with a first preset difference value when the actual vehicle speed is greater than a second preset vehicle speed value and less than a first preset vehicle speed value, and judging that the vehicle slips when the difference value is greater than the first preset difference value;
the judgment subunit II is configured to compare a difference between the actual vehicle speed and the approved vehicle speed with a second preset difference when the actual vehicle speed is greater than a first vehicle speed preset value, and judge that the vehicle slips when the difference is greater than the second preset difference;
the first preset difference is smaller than the second preset difference.
2. The motor control device of an electric vehicle according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising:
and the alarm unit is used for sending alarm information when the vehicle is judged to skid.
3. A motor control method of an electric automobile is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring the actual speed of the vehicle;
the acquiring the actual vehicle speed of the vehicle comprises:
acquiring the driving distance of a vehicle in a period of time;
calculating the actual vehicle speed according to the running distance and the numerical value of the time;
calculating the approved vehicle speed of the vehicle according to the transmission ratio and the actual rotating speed of the motor;
comparing the actual vehicle speed with an approved vehicle speed, judging whether the vehicle slips or not according to the difference value between the actual vehicle speed and the approved vehicle speed, if so, cutting off the transmission connection between the motor and the accelerator pedal, and simultaneously reducing the actual rotating speed of the motor;
the judging whether the vehicle slips or not according to the difference value between the actual vehicle speed and the approved vehicle speed comprises the following steps:
comparing the actual vehicle speed with a first vehicle speed preset value and a second vehicle speed preset value, wherein the first vehicle speed preset value is larger than the second vehicle speed preset value;
when the actual vehicle speed is greater than a second vehicle speed preset value and smaller than a first vehicle speed preset value, comparing a difference value between the actual vehicle speed and the approved vehicle speed with a first preset difference value, and when the difference value is greater than the first preset difference value, judging that the vehicle slips;
when the actual vehicle speed is greater than a first vehicle speed preset value, comparing the difference value between the actual vehicle speed and the approved vehicle speed with a second preset difference value, and when the difference value is greater than the second preset difference value, judging that the vehicle slips;
the first preset difference is smaller than the second preset difference.
4. The motor control method of an electric vehicle according to claim 3, characterized by further comprising:
when judging that the vehicle skids, send alarm information so that the driver knows.
5. A computer storage medium storing at least one instruction, the at least one instruction being loaded and executed by a processor to implement the motor control method of an electric vehicle according to any one of claims 3 to 4.
CN201910186685.6A 2019-03-13 2019-03-13 A motor control method and control device for an electric vehicle Active CN109849690B (en)

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