CN109841393A - Winding alternating expression distribution transformer - Google Patents
Winding alternating expression distribution transformer Download PDFInfo
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- CN109841393A CN109841393A CN201910226110.2A CN201910226110A CN109841393A CN 109841393 A CN109841393 A CN 109841393A CN 201910226110 A CN201910226110 A CN 201910226110A CN 109841393 A CN109841393 A CN 109841393A
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Abstract
The present invention is a kind of new distribution transformer.The structural advantages of existing shell type transformer and core type transformer are combined, existing distribution transformer can be substituted completely.Cost is greatly lowered, and sudden short circuit tests percent of pass basic 100%.Good cooling results, the overload capacity of transformer winding are strong, and power-carrying is big, convenient transportation.The advantages of power-carrying, is better than shell-type.It when vertical transport is inconvenient, can be transported with upside-down mounting, reduce shipping height.Compact-sized, apparent volume is small, and overall weight is light, compact-sized, and lead is easy for installation, and capacitance profile is uniform, and insulation is reliable, and anti-lightning and switching overvoltage ability are strong.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is a kind of novel distribution transformer, for replacing the distribution transformer of existing winding concentric type arrangement
Device.
Background technique
Distribution transformer is to be applied to the important power equipment of one of power grid and electric system, mainly by iron core and winding
(being also coil) is constituted.Distribution transformer is mainly core type transformer, the arrangement of winding concentric type.
As shown in Figure 1 (three-phase), iron beam cross-section is round, modes of emplacement to stand up to distribution transformer basic structure, line
Ring cross-section is also circle, and high and low pressure coil is successively fitted concentrically on core limb, and coil surrounds iron core, and coil is concentric type row
Column.Iron beam cross-section is that wide, different-thickness lamination is built up by multistage different pieces, and the external shape of iron beam cross-section is external
Circle, therefore it is round for being iron beam cross-section.
Shell type transformer anti-short circuit capability is strong, large capacity is mainly used in, in high voltage product, because iron core and winding are long
It is rectangular so cost is too high, magnetic flux distribution is complicated in iron core, and three-phase line voltage is easy to.
Core type transformer is at low cost compared with shell-type, but anti-sudden short circuit ability is poor, high to the circularity requirement of winding, such as
Winding circularity is slightly worse, and anti-sudden short circuit ability sharply declines.
Iron core is generally made of stem (core limb of suit winding), iron yoke, or including other column.Heart column section is circle,
Also cry core section be it is round, no matter iron yoke and other column are rectangles, are round, mountain font or other shapes, as long as core limb is cut
Face is round, is round with regard to being core section.If core limb is rectangle, no matter iron yoke and other column be rectangle, be round or its
His shape, it is rectangle that we, which are core section,.So core section call be it is identical as core limb, with iron yoke, other column without
It closes.
Currently, various countries mainly use core type transformer, account for about the 95% of total output.But also several transformer production enterprises
Produce shell type transformer, the most importantly western room in the U.S., Mitsubishi, Shi Naide tri-, France.The country also has a small amount of now
Production, in terms of being concentrated mainly on furnace transformer.
Distribution transformer is due to the needs of market environment, and extremely harsh to cost requirement, existing domestic each enterprise is to sacrifice
The reduction of short-circuit capacity acquisition cost.Distribution transformer sudden short circuit test percent of pass is extremely low, and the country does not surpass 10% at present, even
None qualification of most enterprises.For reasons of cost, domestic some productions and scientific research institutions devise a collection of core type ellipse winding
Distribution transformer, specification are mainly 10KV voltage, and capacity is in 30-500KVA, though cost reduces, are spot-check according to Guo Wang company,
Sudden short circuit pass the test rate is extremely low.
From domestic market status analysis, two hang-ups of Transformer Enterprise living or death: transformer cost and burst are determined
Short-circuit test qualification rate.
Summary of the invention
Winding alternating expression distribution transformer (abbreviation novel transformer, hereafter together), is characterized in: including transformer core, becoming
Depressor winding；
Wherein, the transformer core uses heart type structure；
Wherein, the transformer winding arrangement mode is alternating expression；
Wherein, the transformer core magnetic flux calculation method is identical as core type transformer；
Wherein, the transformer impedance calculation method is identical as shell type transformer.
Winding alternating expression distribution transformer, is characterized in: the cross section of transformer core and the transformer winding section are
Oblong ellipse rectangle or by multiple groups curve combination at shape.
Winding alternating expression distribution transformer, is characterized in: transformer winding uses disc type winding.
Winding alternating expression distribution transformer, is characterized in: the transformer winding of high current uses slab type spiral formula winding.
This technology mainly uses core type core, shell-type alternating expression winding type, therefore carries out to winding and iron core form former
Rational analysis is necessary.
The new transformer core, it is believed that each in iron core when first winding applies three-phase symmetrical sinusoidal line voltage
The sinusoidal magnetic flux of magnetic flux also three-phase symmetrical.All instantaneous, three-phase magnetic flux algebraical sum is equal to zero, i.e.,
ΦA+ΦB+ΦC=0
When three-phase novel transformer is not coupled to delta windings, due to asymmetry (the three-phase iron of three-phase magnetic circuit itself
The heart) or three single-phase iron cores due to each phase magnetic circuit it is different in each instantaneous degree of saturation, in all instantaneous, the generation of three-phase magnetic flux
Number is equal to zero with not total, i.e.,
ΦA+ΦB+ΦC=Φ0
From the foregoing, it will be observed that being superimposed an additional magnetic flux in each phase sinusoidal magnetic flux, keeps three-phase magnetic flux asymmetric, cause each phase magnetic
Logical is not sinusoidal, then each winding induced voltage is asymmetric.But by above formula deducibility Φ0Only change the waveform of each phase magnetic flux, no
Change each phase phase.
Φ when three-phase transformer has the winding for being coupled to triangle, in iron core0Cause one in delta windings
Circulation, according to Lenz's law, the magnetic potential that it is generated will be entirely to make Φ0Degaussing.In this case each phase magnetic flux is substantially sine
Shape, to guarantee that induced voltage is sinusoidal.
Analyzed by the above three-phase magnetic circuit it is found that novel transformer have be coupled to delta windings in the case where, three-phase electricity
Pressure is symmetrically that waveform is sine wave.When not having delta windings, the wave distortion of low capacity can be ignored, and large capacity is then
It needs cautiously, this point is similar to core type transformer, and this patent is mainly distribution transformer, and capacity is smaller, therefore uses Y, yn0's
The distortion of its waveform is acceptable when connection set.
This technology is mainly studied from two indexs of cost and sudden short circuit pass the test rate.With core type knot in terms of cost
It is changed based on structure, and is that the technical methods such as oblong reduce cost and damage by core section and transformer winding section
Consumption.Short-circuit aspect uses alternating expression winding.The length of the comprehensive the two of calculation method.Change leakage field face by the structure of evening up to winding
Calculation method is accumulated to control impedance voltage percentage.
Transformer winding alternating expression (book on be also overlapping type) arrangement is senior middle school's low-voltage coil along core limb height phase
It is mutually staggered, for general low-voltage coil adjacent to the iron yoke (at both ends) of iron core, high pressure coil is arranged in centre, and structure diagram is such as
Fig. 2, Fig. 2 are the structures there are two leakage field group.From the point of view of ampere-turn equilibrium, a high pressure obtains the effect of ampere-turn equilibrium with two low pressure
Fruit is best, we are also named a magnetic balance group (or being leakage field group) this combination.The separation of balance group is exactly that magnetic potential figure is passed through
0 point crossed is exactly a magnetic balance group (such as Fig. 3) between adjacent two 0 point every, and Fig. 3 is two magnetic balance group magnetic potential distribution maps.
About the section of iron core and winding, core type transformer is mainly circle, and shell-type is mainly rectangle.Main cause is
The short-circuit electromotive force direction of core type transformer winding is analyzed along radial distribution by electric power, and round stressed effect is best, therefore
Heart-shaped winding requires circularity high.The short-circuit electromotive force direction of shell type transformer is predominantly axially distributed, and is analyzed by electric power,
To winding cross section shape no requirement (NR), therefore it is all made of rectangle winding, being mainly with rectangle is the distance for reducing two iron core intercolumniations.
Core section and transformer winding section the oblong ellipse or rectangle of novel transformer,
Or by multiple groups curve combination at shape.Long round section is exactly that both ends are the equal semicircles of diameter, and intermediate straight line is connected,
Half diameter of a circle winding short axle, half diameter of a circle and straight length and be winding long axis, Fig. 4 is oval core section figure.
Oval good to understand, the outer-type for being exactly iron core and winding cross section is ellipse, also divides long axis and short axle (such as Fig. 5).Multiple groups
Curve combination at shape be exactly external form be by a variety of curves or Straight Combination at shape, as Fig. 6 be exactly by with A1,
The section for the similar ellipse that 4 points of A2, B1, B2 four groups of circular curves for the center of circle are combined into.Fig. 7 is circular cross-section.
Distribution transformer winding is mainly drum type brake winding, is also laminar winding, sees schematic diagram 8, usually by round wire or flat
One circle of conducting wire is close to a circle coiling, and the multiturn of turn-to-turn tight, such continuous coiling forms one layer, every layer of both ends outermost two
Root conducting wire places the insulation of one fixed width, is end winding, is fixed together with conducting wire.It can the continuous any more layer of coiling
Number, layer and interlayer place layer insulation.It can be divided into single layer cylinder formula, double-layer circular cartridge type, multi-layer cylindrical.
Disc type laminar winding, abbreviation disc type winding or sandwich wound coil, are shown in schematic diagram 9, are a kind of novel winding configurations.With circle
Cartridge type winding technique mode is identical, is all coiling in layer, but cancels the end insulation of drum type brake winding, and the of every layer of winding
Piece conducting wire and last root conducting wire can using evening up structure, the external shape of winding cross section be oblong or it is oval or
Be rectangle or by multiple groups curve combination at shape, when winding conducting wire use small dimension round wires when can not use drawing
Flat structure.Two end faces of disc type laminar winding can be calculated when calculating winding temperature rise when radiating surface, this is also and drum type brake
One difference of winding, because drum type brake winding has end to insulate, heat dissipation effect is very poor, therefore when calculating temperature rise, it is that cannot radiate
What face considered.
Disc type winding evens up structure such as Fig. 9, due to the helicity of winding technique structure, first conducting wire and last root
There is the high difference in height of a conducting wire between the head and tail of conducting wire, this has significant impact to short-circuit electromotive force and impedance computation.It is existing
The tail portion of each layer of first conducting wire roll over one it is similar Z-shaped curved, make first conducting wire concordant on the end face of winding,
The head of each layer of last root conducting wire roll over one it is similar Z-shaped curved, make last root conducting wire concordant on the end face of winding,
Two end faces of winding entire in this way are a planes.Each layer conductor of disc type laminar winding or multiple conducting wires, which are all made of, evens up knot
Structure.Disc type laminar winding is needed not using using flat structure is connect and even up structure by design.It can be divided into single-layered disk
Formula winding, the double-deck disc type winding, Multilayer disc type winding and segmentation disc type winding.Being segmented disc type is exactly two or more disc type windings
Serial or parallel connection, winding can an important differences in parallel for being also segmented disc type and sectional circular cartridge type.
Helical winding, is a kind of structure of transformer winding, and every circle is that (strip conductor, shape are similar long by multiple conducting wires
It is rectangular, divide width and thickness) in parallel, each conducting wire in parallel is superimposed in the width direction of strip conductor, and every circle of coiling one is a circle,
The width of every circle is exactly the width of strip conductor, and every circle height is exactly the thickness of strip conductor multiplied by radical in parallel, each turn-to-turn pad
Block separates.
Helical winding divides single-screw, double helix, four spirals, six spirals etc. again.Single-screw only has one spiral, similar line
Cushion block is set between circle, and double helix, four spirals, six spirals are made of two strands, four strands, six bursts of spiral parallels respectively, adjacent stock
Between and turn-to-turn be respectively provided with cushion block.To make the equal length of each parallel conducting wire of Helical winding, and make each parallel conducting wire in magnetic flux leakage
Middle present position probability is identical, to reduce the circulation of each parallel conducting wire, need to change in certain specific positions of winding conducting wire
Position.
Spiral plate type winding is a kind of novel winding configuration, see schematic diagram 10(wherein b be copper sheet thickness).Due to new
Although the iron core of type transformer is heart type structure, but magnetic field is similar with shell type transformer, the parallel conducting wire of the every circle of Helical winding
It does not need to insulate and replace, therefore can be replaced with the plate with more parallel conducting wire same areas, same material, such as copper sheet, aluminium
Plate (for sake of convenience, abbreviation copper sheet), the first circle copper sheet and last circle copper sheet of winding, which can use, evens up structure.Due to new
The characteristics of type transformer and spiral plate type winding, spiral plate type winding heat dissipation effect is fabulous, and each turn-to-turn does not use cushion block necessarily, can
To be separated with very thin insulation, as cushion block is arranged in the turn-to-turn of needs according to the needs of heat dissipation in the cardboard of 0.5mm thickness.Spiral plate
Formula winding biggest advantage is to reduce the height of winding, greatly improves the fill factor in barred window.
Spiral plate type winding evens up structure such as Figure 10, due to the helicity of winding technique structure, the first circle copper sheet and most
There is the difference in height of a copper plate thickness between the head and tail of latter circle copper sheet, this has maximum shadow to short-circuit electromotive force and impedance computation
It rings.The tail portion of the first circle copper sheet roll over one it is similar Z-shaped curved, make the first circle copper sheet concordant on the end face of winding, last
The head of first circle copper sheet roll over one it is similar Z-shaped curved, make last circle copper sheet concordant on the end face of winding, so entirely around
Two end face copper sheets of group are a planes.Each circle copper sheet or multiturn copper sheet, which can use, evens up structure.Spiral plate type winding
It needs not using using flat structure is connect and even up structure by design.
The non-circular winding technique principle analysis of novel transformer, on conventional electrical distribution transformer principle can only using it is round around
Group, though the new transformer core structure is core type, but winding construction is shell-type, and short-circuit electromotive force direction is mainly axial, spoke
It is small and controllable to electric power, therefore winding can use non-circular structure.
Technical effect
First, in same performance standard, material cost is lower than traditional core type distribution transformer.
Second, in the case where identical material consumption, performance indexes is lower than traditional core type distribution transformer.
Third, high mechanical strength, anti-short circuit capability are strong.Novel transformer bears short-circuit electromotive force ability and is better than traditional core type
Distribution transformer.Novel transformer winding can use multiple magnetic balance groups, and every group of leakage field is small, and no matter is corresponding short circuit stress
It is radial and axial small.The radial stress acted on conducting wire only has 20% or so of traditional core type.General core type axial direction leakage field
Greatly, the radial leakage field of shell-type is big, and the windings section shape in the new transformer core window can be linear type, it may be convenient to pad
Block squeezes, and outside can be circle, therefore bears short-circuit mechanical force and be better than shell-type.
4th, good cooling results, the overload capacity of novel transformer winding are strong.High-low pressure winding arrangement such as shell-type, oil duct
Vertically, convection current is convenient when oil circulation, and natural cooling performance is good.The especially cooling advantage of forced-directed oil becomes apparent from.
5th, compact-sized, lead is easy for installation.
6th, capacitance profile is uniform, insulation is reliable, and anti-lightning and switching overvoltage ability are strong.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of core type distribution transformer schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is a kind of novel transformer schematic diagram of two leakage field groups of band.
Fig. 3 is a kind of one kind of the novel transformer leakage field gesture distribution map of two leakage field groups of band.
Fig. 4 is the new transformer core long round section schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is the new transformer core elliptic cross-section schematic diagram.
Fig. 6 be the new transformer core multiple groups curve combination at shaped cross schematic diagram.
Fig. 7 is the new transformer core circular cross-section schematic diagram.
Fig. 8 is core type transformer laminar winding schematic diagram.
Fig. 9 is novel transformer disc type winding schematic diagram.
Figure 10 is novel transformer spiral plate type winding schematic diagram.
Wherein,
1 is transformer core.
2 be transformer winding.
3 be novel transformer leakage field gesture distribution map.
4 be that transformer core is external linear.
5 be transformer iron core lamination schematic diagram.
6 be the insulation of transformer laminar winding terminal.
7 be transformer winding conducting wire.
8 be the filling insulation that novel transformer disc type winding evens up structure.
9 be the copper sheet of novel transformer spiral plate type winding.
Specific embodiment
Selection 400/10 ± 2 × 0.25%/0.4 transformer of S13-does embodiment.With in current industry most general one
Drawing comparison is covered, control group model SB13-400/10 ± 2 × 0.25%/0.4, iron core and winding cross section are ellipse, core type
Transformer, Concentrical winding.
Example 1, S13-400/10 ± 2 × 0.25%/0.4
National standard: load loss Pk=4200W
No-load loss P0=410W
No-load current percentage I0%=0.8%
Impedance voltage percentage Uk%=4%
The W of total losses P=4930
One, novel transformer S13-400/10 ± 2 × 0.25%/0.4
Design scheme: iron core winding cross section selects oblong
Iron core axial ratio is 1:1.49, iron core axis of small circle Φ 155mm, iron core main thickening 33mm, and area of core section is
280.006cm2.Iron core flux density Bm=1.546T, M0=255mm, Hw=400mm.
Winding construction form: alternating expression, six magnetic balance groups.
High-voltage winding: structure is evened up for disc type winding strap, the number of turns is 630 circles, 600 circles, 570 circles.Line gauge ZB -0.3
2.12×4.15 circles of every double magnetic balance groups/layer, totally 15 layers.
Low pressure winding: structure, 24 circle of the number of turns, 5 × 40 naked copper of line gauge row, turn-to-turn pad 0.5mm paper are evened up for spiral plate type band
Plate.Every 6 circle of magnetic balance group.
Axial alignment of the high-low pressure winding along core limb (iron core is set with the column of winding stem):
--- --- --- --- low pressure winding --- high-voltage winding --- is low for low pressure winding for high-voltage winding for low pressure winding for upper yoke
Press winding --- low pressure winding --- high-voltage winding --- low pressure winding --- lower yoke
Insulation system: insulate 6mm between high-low pressure, band square ring structure.
Two, novel transformer and the universal transformer table of comparisons in current industry
Three, sudden short circuit.
Due to using alternating expression winding, sudden short circuit ability is far superior to the distribution transformer of concentric type arrangement.
Claims (5)
1. winding alternating expression distribution transformer, is characterized in: including transformer core, transformer winding；
Wherein, the transformer core uses heart type structure；
Wherein, the transformer winding is alternating expression；
Wherein, the transformer core magnetic flux calculation method is identical as core type transformer；
Wherein, the transformer impedance calculation method is identical as shell type transformer.
2. winding alternating expression distribution transformer according to claim 1, is characterized in: the cross section of transformer core and transformer
Winding cross section is oblong, or ellipse or rectangle, or by multiple groups curve combination at shape.
3. winding alternating expression distribution transformer according to claim 1, is characterized in: the cross section of transformer core and transformer
Winding cross section is round.
4. winding alternating expression distribution transformer according to claim 1, is characterized in: the transformer winding using disc type around
Group.
5. winding alternating expression distribution transformer according to claim 1, is characterized in: the transformer winding of high current uses
Spiral plate type winding.
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| CN201910226110.2A CN109841393B (en) | 2019-03-25 | 2019-03-25 | Winding staggered distribution transformer |
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| CN201910226110.2A CN109841393B (en) | 2019-03-25 | 2019-03-25 | Winding staggered distribution transformer |
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| CN109841393B CN109841393B (en) | 2021-10-26 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111145991A (en) * | 2020-01-25 | 2020-05-12 | 孙崇山 | Novel winding staggered distribution transformer |
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| CN109841393B (en) | 2021-10-26 |
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