CN109835033B - Multilayer composite board, automobile outer decorative board and production method - Google Patents
Multilayer composite board, automobile outer decorative board and production method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109835033B CN109835033B CN201910201513.1A CN201910201513A CN109835033B CN 109835033 B CN109835033 B CN 109835033B CN 201910201513 A CN201910201513 A CN 201910201513A CN 109835033 B CN109835033 B CN 109835033B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a multilayer composite board which is respectively a PMMA layer, a transparent ABS layer and an ABS layer from top to bottom, and is formed by an extrusion process and a vacuum die pressing process in a composite mode, so that the automobile exterior trim composite board which is light in weight, free of spraying, high in weather resistance and scraping resistance is obtained. The automobile outer decorative plate manufactured by the process has very good mechanical property, has the characteristics of light weight, no spraying, high weather resistance, scraping resistance and the like, and can meet the requirements of lighter, more economic and more environment-friendly parts such as engine covers, roofs, mud guards and the like by being perfectly combined in the field of cars and commercial vehicles.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to the technical field of automobile decorative plates, in particular to an automobile exterior decorative composite plate which is light in weight, free of spraying, high in weather resistance and scratch resistance, an automobile exterior decorative plate made of the automobile exterior decorative composite plate, and a production method of the automobile exterior decorative plate.
Background art:
due to the weight reduction and the diversity of the design with excellent formability, the weight of the plastic used as the material for the automobile is about 10% per unit, and the ratio thereof is gradually increased year by year. The range of application is also expanding from interior fittings, exterior fittings to exterior fittings, and the use thereof is gradually expanding.
Especially, due to severe environmental pollution and energy exhaustion caused by a rapid increase in automobile demand, developed countries are more strictly strengthening fuel efficiency and emission regulations of automobiles. Beyond the level of simply improving fuel efficiency, the development of novel automobile materials for improving competitiveness in the aspect of range specifications becomes an urgent problem for the automobile industry.
Observing the recent development trend of automobile related technologies, the research on pollution-free automobiles and electric automobiles is carried out, and meanwhile, extensive research and development investments such as improvement of fuel efficiency of the existing automobiles, prolongation of service life of automobile bodies, improvement of stability rate, purification of exhaust gas, placement of noise and the like are carried out.
The method has the advantages of improving the efficiency of the engine, reducing the air resistance, designing a new vehicle body, lightening the material and the like. In particular, the lightening of the material can improve the engine efficiency, maximize the performance of the automobile, and thus improve the fuel efficiency, which is the most suitable and effective method for preventing environmental pollution and saving fuel.
At present, the proportion of plastic parts used only in some vehicle types is increasing, and particularly, a large amount of plastic is used for an outer panel of a vehicle body having a large volume.
The Molding methods of the body outer panel parts, which are mainly composed of a thermoplastic resin and a thermosetting resin, include Injection Molding (Injection Molding), Compression Molding (Compression Molding), and vacuum Molding (Thermoforming).
1. Injection molding
MPPO/PA mixing is mainly adopted. PC/ABS blend, PET composite material and urethane RIM (reaction Injection molding) as main materials. The injection molding process is suitable for mass production of more than 10 thousands of products per year, but the material cost is high, the dimensional stability and the heat resistance are insufficient, and particularly, the use is difficult considering that the environmental temperature of a paint coating line of some automobile manufacturers is more than 180-200 ℃ and higher than the heat resistance limit temperature, but recently, materials which can bear 200 ℃ after the heat resistance is improved are developed and published.
2. Compression molding
As main materials, a glass fiber Reinforced plastic smc (sheet Molding compound) on an unsaturated polyester resin and gmt (glass Mat Reinforced thermoplastic) filled with glass fibers on a PP resin were used.
The SMC is applicable to almost all outer panel parts of vehicle bodies such as hoods, fenders, doors, roofs, and tailgates, but is mainly used for small-scale production such as high-grade sports cars as a thermosetting resin which requires 2 to 3 minutes or more from heating to product molding. GMT has not been used for an outer panel of a vehicle body because its surface appearance is not good, although its molding time is short.
3. Vacuum forming
After heating/softening the thermoplastic resin sheet, the shape is formed by vacuum or compressed air. The equipment cost is low, the production efficiency is high, and the multilayer resin sheet is easy to process. However, a resin sheet manufacturing process is required, and there are limitations on material selection and adjustment of thickness of a molded product.
However, in recent years, as the technology for manufacturing the vehicle body outer panel fitting by the vacuum forming method has been developed, a technology for omitting the painting process by using a multi-layer material has appeared. Therefore, not only is the cost saved, but also the deformation of the fitting is minimized, with the strong advantage of achieving dimensional stability. Research on the technique in this field and research on the material of the resin sheet are vigorously conducted in europe.
The invention content is as follows:
the greatest reason for using vacuum forming for the manufacture of the body panel is that it is similar to injection molding, the molding time is short, and the initial cost is only 1/4-1/5 of injection molding. This advantage will increase the percentage of vacuum formed sheet material, particularly for use in panels such as bed decks, fenders and headers for trucks and trailers.
Hitherto, painting work has been carried out on vehicle body parts produced by thermoforming together with other plastic parts, but vacuum forming using a paintless multi-layer sheet which can omit a painting process and has a surface state equivalent thereto has become a more attractive forming method in accordance with environmental requirements.
The invention relates to a novel method for coating a functional surface layer on various thermoplastic resin materials (such as PVC/ABS/PS/Poluloefines), thereby improving chemical resistance, weather resistance, thermal deformation and scratch resistance, and causing great change in the production of external plates of a vehicle body. In order to provide toughness to the body outer panel formed by the vacuum forming method, an injection molding of lft (long Fiber thermoplastics) is used for the inner panel. LFTs can be injection molded, and are developed in large quantities for the purpose of developing new materials that can be reused.
LFTs can be molded at low and high pressures by a general injection molding machine, and glass fibers form a Network structure in the final molded product, maintain excellent impact resistance at high and low temperatures, have an easy product design by a non-directional Network structure, have excellent deformation resistance, and are structural materials of engineering plastics that can replace conventional single fibers.
In particular, unlike the composite technology in which toughness is reduced in order to improve impact resistance, attention is being given to a material which improves impact resistance while maintaining toughness. Therefore, the inner plate of the LFT injection product can be used to reinforce the insufficient toughness of the outer plate formed by the vacuum forming method.
The LFT process for the back of the vacuum-formed high-gloss, scratch-resistant and high-weather-resistant sheet is applied to mass production in the field of automobiles, and is developed on parts of small accessories such as TGS Base Plate or exterior rear view Mirror Base Plate. LFT was originally adopted in majord Front End Module and Door guard Shield Module in japan, and this is indicative of future expandability.
In response to this trend, vacuum forming and LFT processes may be performed using a paint-free multi-layer extruded sheet for the purpose of weight saving of automobiles and prevention of environmental pollution.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides an automobile exterior trim multilayer composite board which is respectively provided with a PMMA layer, a transparent ABS layer and an ABS layer from top to bottom, wherein the PMMA layer, the transparent ABS layer and the ABS layer are formed by compounding through an extrusion process.
Preferably, the thickness of the PMMA layer is 0.4-0.5 mm; the transparent ABS layer is filled with metal pearlescent particles; the thickness of the transparent ABS layer is 0.8-1.2 mm; the thickness of the ABS layer is 1.3-1.6 mm.
In addition, the invention also provides an automobile exterior trim panel processed by the automobile exterior trim multilayer composite board, which comprises an exterior trim panel body with a trapezoidal section, wherein the exterior trim panel body comprises a bottom surface and two side surfaces which are integrally bent and formed, the center of the bottom surface is upwards arched to form an arched part, the top ends of the two side surfaces respectively extend outwards and horizontally to form a first horizontal part, the first horizontal part extends downwards to form a bent part, and the bent part extends outwards and horizontally to form a second horizontal part.
The production method of the automobile external decorative plate specifically comprises the following steps:
respectively feeding a PMMA raw material, a transparent ABS raw material and an ABS raw material into an extruder, and carrying out extrusion molding through a die;
step two, the formed plate reaches a forming box, two ends of the formed plate are bent and fixed, and the plate is softened, so that the middle of the plate is downwards collapsed;
thirdly, spraying gas below the forming box to enable the middle softened part of the plate to bulge outwards;
step four, pressing down the top auxiliary forming die head, pressing down the plate bulged by blowing, simultaneously opening a vacuum air inlet of the forming box, pumping out air in the forming box to cause the plate to be sunken downwards, matching the pressure of the forming die head, and further forming and processing the plate;
after the die head assists in forming, increasing vacuum pumping force at the bottom of the forming box, and gradually attaching the plate to the inner wall of the forming box to form the plate;
step six, PU foaming injection is carried out on the inner surface of the plate, so that the performance of the plate is improved;
seventhly, further stamping the plate by using a finished product die head;
and step eight, carrying out numerical control cutting by using a manipulator to obtain a finished product.
After the technical scheme is adopted, the invention has the following positive effects: the automobile outer decorative plate manufactured by the process has very good mechanical property, has the characteristics of light weight, no spraying, high weather resistance, scraping resistance and the like, and can meet the requirements of lighter, more economic and more environment-friendly parts such as engine covers, roofs, mud guards and the like by being perfectly combined in the field of cars and commercial vehicles.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of an automobile exterior trim panel according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the extruder and die of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a multi-layer composite panel of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the UV-B measurement results of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the results of UV-B measurement of PMMA of the present invention having a thickness of 0.3 mm;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the sheet of the present invention placed on a forming box;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the sheet of the present invention as it is being blown;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the auxiliary forming die of the present invention pressing down a sheet material;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the present invention as it is being mated to the interior cavity of a forming box;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the sheet according to the present invention undergoing PU foaming injection;
FIG. 11 is a schematic representation of a sheet of the present invention as it is being stamped using a finishing die;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a plate of the present invention being numerically controlled cut by a robot;
fig. 13 is an automobile exterior trim panel of the present invention.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, will make the advantages and features of the invention more readily understood by those skilled in the art, and thus will more clearly and distinctly define the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 10, the method for manufacturing an automobile exterior trim panel of the present invention specifically includes the steps of:
respectively feeding PMMA raw material, transparent ABS raw material and ABS raw material into an extruder, and carrying out extrusion molding by a die, wherein the process adopts a die with the diameter of
And two main extruders 1 having a diameter of
The sheet material can be made into various single-color, colorful and special metal bead-light-colored plates by the auxiliary extruder with the die diameter of 1mm and the 1800mm, and the multilayer composite plate 3 is made. As a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the multi-layer composite plate 3 is composed of a PMMA layer 31, a transparent ABS layer 32 and an ABS layer 33 from top to bottom, the PMMA layer 31 is 0.5mm thick to improve weather resistance and scratch resistance, the transparent ABS layer 32 is 1mm thick and is applied to a middle colored layer, the ABS layer 33 is 1.5mm thick and is applied to a bottom base layer, the multi-layer composite plate 3 is a three-layer metallic pearlescent color composition, and metallic colors are exemplified by silver powder and pearlescent added to achieve metallic texture by extrusion.
To ensure excellent appearance, the rheological properties of the materials must be carried out when extruding the multilayer sheet. To investigate information relating to extrusion processing conditions, viscosity measurements were made using a microtube, capillary. The Melt Index Melt Index at 220 ℃ and 10KG measured with PMMA of 3.2 and ABS of 4.2, the flowability appeared to be good, but the limit for the viscosity reduction of PMMA with increasing temperature in the low shear field as the extrusion field was more pronounced than with ABS.
In the actual sheet extrusion, since the viscosity of PMMA is lower than that of ABS at high temperature, a phenomenon that PMMA is piled up to both sides of the Die T-Die is observed. Based on this information, the actual throughput was adjusted to 10 ℃ lower on both sides of the Die T-Die, and a Feed Block with a flow rate on both sides less than the center was selected as the sheet.
The physical properties of the multilayer composite panel 3 were measured as follows.
(1) Scratch resistance
As a result of comparing scratch resistance of the multilayer extruded sheet as materials for a steel sheet and an exterior, the steel sheet was 4H PC 5B, transparent ABS was 3B, PMMA was 2H, and the multilayer extruded sheet having a PMMA surface layer was of H-grade on the QB hardness measurement basis.
In order to improve the scratch resistance, the PC material is used for painting, but the method increases the cost due to the addition of a machining procedure and causes the problem that the old coating falls off.
(2) Weather resistance
Q-UV measurement was performed without performing an accelerated test of weather resistance. The light source uses a UV-B Lamp.
The experimental condition is that the Freund illumination Irradiance is 0.63W/M2The period is 4 hours of condensation, 8 hours of illumination and 60 degrees centigrade of panel humidity, and the total time is 200 hours of measurement. The UV-B measurement results are shown in FIG. 4: PC and transparent ABS show equivalent color changes, and the color change degree of PMMA is similar to that of a steel plate. It was confirmed that the thickness of the PMMA layer should be 0.3mm or more to endure the weather resistance, and the UV-B measurement results are shown in FIG. 5.
(3) Ball drop test
After the sample was horizontally set, a 1kg weight ball was dropped from a height of 1.5m, and only the transparent ABS, PMMA, and multilayer extruded sheet had no appearance damage.
(4) Appearance quality
The difference between the steel plate and the plastic is that the appearance is different due to different observation angles and shows color and texture difference, and the color of a single color is different, but the difference of the metal color is larger. This phenomenon is caused by the fact that the size or form of the pearl ion used for the metal is different, and the PMMA is used for the surface layer, so that the required color matching layer effect is achieved.
As shown in fig. 6, the formed plate reaches the forming box 4, and both ends of the formed plate are bent and fixed to soften the multi-layer composite plate 3, so that the middle of the multi-layer composite plate 3 is collapsed downward, and at this time, the auxiliary forming die 5 is not actuated.
As shown in fig. 7, the gas is blown out from below the forming box 4, and the multi-layer composite sheet 3 is fixed, so that the middle softened portion of the multi-layer composite sheet 3 bulges outward.
As shown in fig. 8, at this time, the top auxiliary forming die head 5 is pressed downward, the multi-layer composite plate 3 swollen by blowing is pressed downward, and simultaneously the vacuum air inlet of the forming box 4 is opened, so that the air in the forming box 4 is pumped out, the multi-layer composite plate 3 is sunken downward, and the multi-layer composite plate 3 is further formed and processed by matching with the pressure of the forming die head.
As shown in fig. 9, after the auxiliary molding of the die head, the vacuum suction force at the bottom of the molding box 4 is increased, and the multilayer composite plate 3 is gradually attached to the inner cavity of the molding box 4, so that the plate is preliminarily molded.
As shown in fig. 10, PU foaming injection is performed on the inner surface of the multi-layer composite board 3 by a PU foaming machine 6, so as to improve the performance of the board.
As shown in fig. 11, multilayer composite sheet 3 is further press-formed using finished die 7.
As shown in fig. 12, the finished automobile exterior panel 9 was obtained by numerical control cutting using the robot 8.
The automobile exterior trim panel 9 shown in fig. 13 includes an exterior trim panel body with a trapezoidal cross section, the exterior trim panel body includes a bottom surface 95 and two side surfaces 91, the bottom surface 95 is curved and formed integrally, the center of the bottom surface 95 is curved upwards to form an arched portion 92, the top ends of the two side surfaces 91 respectively extend outwards and horizontally to form a first horizontal portion 93, the first horizontal portion 93 extends downwards and forms a bent portion 94, and the bent portion 94 extends outwards and horizontally to form a second horizontal portion 95. The exterior automotive trim panel 9 satisfies the appearance quality and performance of accessories such as a hood, a roof, a fender, and the like.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A production method of an automobile exterior trim panel is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the automobile outer decorative plate is formed by machining a multilayer composite plate and comprises an outer decorative plate body with a trapezoidal section, wherein the outer decorative plate body comprises a bottom surface and two side surfaces which are integrally bent and formed, the center of the bottom surface is arched upwards to form an arched part, the top ends of the two side surfaces respectively extend outwards and horizontally to form a first horizontal part, the first horizontal part inclines downwards and extends to form a bent part, and the bent part extends outwards and horizontally to form a second horizontal part;
the multilayer composite board is respectively provided with a PMMA layer, a transparent ABS layer and an ABS layer from top to bottom, and the PMMA layer, the transparent ABS layer and the ABS layer are formed by compounding through an extrusion process; the thickness of the PMMA layer is 0.4-0.5 mm; the transparent ABS layer is filled with metal pearlescent particles; the thickness of the transparent ABS layer is 0.8-1.2 mm; the thickness of the ABS layer is 1.3-1.6 mm;
the production method of the automobile exterior trim panel comprises the following steps:
respectively feeding a PMMA raw material, a transparent ABS raw material and an ABS raw material into an extruder, and carrying out extrusion molding through a die;
step two, the formed plate reaches a forming box, two ends of the formed plate are bent and fixed, and the plate is softened, so that the middle of the plate is downwards collapsed;
thirdly, spraying gas below the forming box to enable the middle softened part of the plate to bulge outwards;
step four, pressing down the top auxiliary forming die head, pressing down the plate bulged by blowing, simultaneously opening a vacuum air inlet of the forming box, pumping out air in the forming box to cause the plate to be sunken downwards, matching the pressure of the forming die head, and further forming and processing the plate;
after the die head assists in forming, increasing vacuum pumping force at the bottom of the forming box, and gradually attaching the plate to the inner wall of the forming box to form the plate;
step six, PU foaming injection is carried out on the inner surface of the plate, so that the performance of the plate is improved;
seventhly, further stamping the plate by using a finished product die head;
and step eight, carrying out numerical control cutting by using a manipulator to obtain a finished product.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910201513.1A CN109835033B (en) | 2019-03-11 | 2019-03-11 | Multilayer composite board, automobile outer decorative board and production method |
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| CN201910201513.1A CN109835033B (en) | 2019-03-11 | 2019-03-11 | Multilayer composite board, automobile outer decorative board and production method |
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| CN109835033A CN109835033A (en) | 2019-06-04 |
| CN109835033B true CN109835033B (en) | 2021-05-28 |
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| CN111674129A (en) * | 2020-06-15 | 2020-09-18 | 上海品诚控股集团有限公司 | Novel spraying-free plate and preparation method thereof |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101417504A (en) * | 2008-11-25 | 2009-04-29 | 王赞山 | A kind of vacuum suction moulding technology |
| CN102704614A (en) * | 2012-06-07 | 2012-10-03 | 常州博双塑料有限公司 | Three-layer co-extrusion wear-resistance composite sheet material for building materials and preparation method of three-layer co-extrusion wear-resistance composite sheet material |
| CN204914806U (en) * | 2015-03-13 | 2015-12-30 | 阿波罗（中国）有限公司 | Composite board |
| CN106009365A (en) * | 2016-05-23 | 2016-10-12 | 中山市百事顺业塑料电器有限公司 | Colorful crystal frame strip |
-
2019
- 2019-03-11 CN CN201910201513.1A patent/CN109835033B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101417504A (en) * | 2008-11-25 | 2009-04-29 | 王赞山 | A kind of vacuum suction moulding technology |
| CN102704614A (en) * | 2012-06-07 | 2012-10-03 | 常州博双塑料有限公司 | Three-layer co-extrusion wear-resistance composite sheet material for building materials and preparation method of three-layer co-extrusion wear-resistance composite sheet material |
| CN204914806U (en) * | 2015-03-13 | 2015-12-30 | 阿波罗（中国）有限公司 | Composite board |
| CN106009365A (en) * | 2016-05-23 | 2016-10-12 | 中山市百事顺业塑料电器有限公司 | Colorful crystal frame strip |
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