CN109830980B - Criterion method for judging system stability of multi-level inverter parallel connection long cable - Google Patents

Criterion method for judging system stability of multi-level inverter parallel connection long cable Download PDF

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CN109830980B
CN109830980B CN201910098721.3A CN201910098721A CN109830980B CN 109830980 B CN109830980 B CN 109830980B CN 201910098721 A CN201910098721 A CN 201910098721A CN 109830980 B CN109830980 B CN 109830980B
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Abstract

The invention discloses a criterion method for judging the system stability of a multi-level inverter parallel connection long cable. The system of the multistage parallel inverter cascade connection long cable is widely applied to new energy systems, such as offshore wind power generation systems. The multistage parallel inverter has the capability of transmitting and connecting the distributed energy sources to the grid, the stability is easy to realize when the inverter operates independently, and the important problem of ensuring the overall stability of the multistage parallel inverter is solved. In order to more simply and conveniently judge the stability of various inverters of different types connected with different long cables in parallel, the invention provides a three-step method of stability criterion, and the stability of an inverter parallel system is judged in all application ranges. The method for judging the system stability of the extension cable of the multi-stage grid-connected inverter provided by the invention realizes accurate judgment of the system stability when the inverters at all stages are connected with different filters and different types of cables in series. The stability criterion method disclosed by the invention can realize the stability judgment of the output current, the bus voltage and the power grid current of the parallel inverter, and is favorable for effectively improving the stability of the system during system design.

Description

Criterion method for judging system stability of multi-level inverter parallel connection long cable
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of new energy distributed power generation and power electronics, and particularly relates to a criterion method for judging the stability of a system with a multi-level inverter connected with a long cable in parallel.
Background
Distributed power generation has the advantages of less environmental pollution, flexible installation place, high energy utilization rate, less power transmission line loss and the like, and is one of the important development trends of the future power system. Among them, wind power generation is one of the most rapidly developed modes in various new energy power generation. Offshore wind farms are widely developed and utilized in recent years by countries due to their better economic and technical and environmental advantages, such as: uk, germany, china, usa, india. The offshore wind farm has several advantages: offshore wind energy resources are more abundant, and wind speed is higher than utilization of land wind energy: the land construction area is saved, the influence of the wind power plant on the environment is reduced, and the space resources on the sea are effectively utilized. In order to make offshore wind power generation systems more efficient, adaptable and maintainable, it is common to select multiple low-power parallel inverters in a construction to deliver the energy of the wind turbine to the grid for use through the inverters, rather than a single high-power inverter. Therefore, the cascade stability of the power electronic device directly affects the current and voltage stability and the power quality of the bus and the power grid. For an offshore wind power generation system, a structure that a multi-level inverter is connected in parallel and then a long cable is connected is common. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a more general stability criterion method to realize fast judgment of the system stability of the multi-level inverter parallel connection long cable under fewer limiting conditions and in more occasions.
At present, the stability criterion of the system of the multi-level inverter parallel connection long cable is mostly realized on the premise of various assumptions. The assumptions need to be met before using the stability criterion: all the parallel inverters are identical in structure, or influence of cables is ignored. However, in practical applications, all inverter power ratings and parameters may not be identical, and the cable influence cannot be ignored. Although in previous articles a correlation analysis has been made with respect to stability criteria that take into account short cables, the effect of long cables on stability has not been discussed. In an offshore wind power generation system, the length of a cable can reach sixty kilometers generally, so that in a system similar to the long-distance power transmission system, a multi-stage parallel inverter extension cable is necessary for judging and analyzing the stability of a power grid side. The documents "Impedance-based stability criteria for grid-connected inverters", IEEE Trans on. Power Electronics Letters, vol.26, No.11, pp.3075-3078,2011.
In the prior art, a stability criterion of a multi-level inverter parallel connection long cable structure is not clearly given, and in order to overcome the limitation defect of the existing inverter stability criterion and better play the role of the impedance stability criterion, a better general stability criterion aiming at the multi-level inverter parallel connection long cable needs to be found.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for judging the system stability of a multi-level inverter parallel connection long cable, which uses the output impedance of the inverter and the input impedance of a power grid side to determine the system stability of a grid-connected inverter, when the ratio of the power grid measured impedance to the output impedance of the inverter meets the Nyquist stability criterion, the grid-connected inverter keeps stable, the new stability criterion based on the impedance is the popularization of the stability criterion of the existing voltage source system, is suitable for all current source systems, realizes the simpler, more convenient and more effective judgment of the stability of the grid-connected inverter, and improves the simplicity of the system stability performance analysis by a three-step method of the stability criterion.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a criterion method for judging the system stability of a multi-level inverter parallel connection long cable comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: modeling each part in the multi-stage inverter parallel system respectively, and deriving impedance models of the inverter connected with different types of filters and impedance models of the long and short cables; dividing the whole system into three subsystems according to an impedance model, and respectively judging the stability among the three subsystems; the subsystem 1 reveals the interaction between the parallel inverters and the cables, the subsystem 2 shows the influence between the cables, and the subsystem 3 shows the interaction between the cables and the power grid;
step 2: before the stability of the whole multi-stage parallel inverter is judged, the stability of each inverter and each cable is judged, namely the equivalent current source I of the inverter is judged invi Equivalent parallel impedance Z of inverter invi Equivalent series impedance Z of cable ii Controlled voltage source parameter G for long cable vvi Bus voltage v pcc Whether a zero point exists on the right semi-plane or not;
and step 3: according to the subsystem 1, judging the equivalent loop gain T mi (s) whether a nyquist stability criterion is satisfied;
and 4, step 4: according to the subsystem 2, the bus current i is judged pcc (s), bus voltage v pcc (s) and inverter series cable output current i i (s) whether the right half-plane has zero or not;
and 5: according to the subsystem 3, the input current i of the power grid is judged g Whether the stability of(s) satisfies the right half-plane zero or not.
In step 1, the impedance model of the inverter is an equivalent current source I inv (s) connecting an impedance Z in parallel inv (s); equivalent current source I inv (s) the expression is as follows:
Figure BDA0001965131420000021
Z inv the expression of(s) is as follows: z inv (s)=Z oO (s)·[1+T i (s)]Wherein T is i (s) is the loop gain of the inverter, Z oO The expression of(s) is as follows:
Figure BDA0001965131420000022
the impedance model of the long cable is a two-port network, Z P1 ,Z P2 ,Z P3 Equivalent two-port impedance parameters:
Z P1 =Z c sinh(γ(s)l),Z P2 =Z P3 =Z c sinh(γ(s)l)/[cosh(γ(s)l)-1]
the generalized model has the following parameters:
Z i (s)=Z P1 ·Z P2 /(Z P1 +Z P2 )
G vv (s)=G ii (s)=Z P2 /(Z P1 +Z P2 )
Z o (s)=-Z P3 ·(Z P1 +Z P2 )/(Z P1 +Z P2 +Z P3 )
in step 2, for the stability of each inverter and cable, the equivalent current source I of each inverter needs to be judged invi Equivalent parallel impedance Z of inverter invi Equivalent series impedance Z of cable ii Controlled voltage source parameter G for long cable vvi Bus voltage v pcc Whether a zero point exists on the right semi-plane or not; and if the zero point of the right semi-plane exists, the inverter or the cable is unstable, and if the zero point of the right semi-plane does not exist, the inverter or the cable is stable, namely the next stability judgment is carried out.
In step 3, the equivalent loop gain T of the subsystem 1 in step 2 is calculated mi (s) the expression is:
T mi (s)=Z ii (s)/Z invi (s)
in the formula, Z ii And Z invi Has been given above, Z P1 ,Z P2 ,Z P3 Equivalent impedance parameters of an impedance model of the long cable; if T mi (s) if the Nyquist stability criterion is satisfied, the subsystem 1 is stable, and if the Nyquist stability criterion is not satisfied, the subsystem 1 is unstable.
In step 4, the bus current i pcc (s), bus voltage v pcc (s) and inverter series cable output current i i (s) the expression is as follows:
Figure BDA0001965131420000031
Figure BDA0001965131420000032
Figure BDA0001965131420000033
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0001965131420000034
as can be seen from the above equation, the stability determination requirement in step 4 is to determine the stability of γ(s); if the zero point of the right half plane is not available, the system is stable, and if the zero point of the right half plane is available, the system is unstable.
In step 5, the grid input current i g The expression of(s) is:
i g (s)=G ig i og -v g /Z og
by judgment, i g (s) the stabilization is naturally true on the premise that the cable is stable, i.e. if the stability criterion in step 1 has been met, step 5 can be omitted; therefore, this stability judgmentAccording to the method, the stability of the independent inverter and the cable is judged in three steps; equivalent loop gain T mi (s); the stability of γ(s) was judged.
The invention provides a universal stability criterion method for solving the stability problem of a structure of a plurality of inverters connected in parallel with a long cable, and realizes the stability judgment of the offshore wind power generation long cable power transmission system under the condition that the parallel inverters and the cable type are not subjected to precondition constraint and limitation; the invention provides a new method for the structural stability of the inverter extension cable of the power transmission system; compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that:
1. the stability analysis and judgment of the offshore long cable power transmission system are realized.
2. The stability criterion is wider in application range and suitable for judging the stability of various inverter cable connection systems.
3. The stability criterion method is simpler and more convenient and is easy to realize.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an offshore power transmission system multiple inverter parallel long cable system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an inverter impedance model in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a long cable equivalent impedance model in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an overall equivalent impedance model of a system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a flow chart of the three-step stability criterion given in the example of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
The invention provides a universal stability criterion method for solving the stability problem of a structure of a plurality of inverters connected in parallel with a long cable, and realizes the stability judgment of the offshore wind power generation long cable power transmission system under the condition that the parallel inverters and the cable type are not subjected to precondition constraint and limitation; the invention provides a new method for the structural stability of the inverter extension cable of the power transmission system; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: modeling each part in the multi-stage inverter parallel system respectively, and deriving impedance models of the inverter connected with different types of filters and impedance models of the long and short cables; dividing the whole system into three subsystems according to an impedance model, and respectively judging the stability among the three subsystems; the impedance block diagram of the three subsystems is shown in fig. 5, and further comprises a parallel inverter impedance model fig. 2 and a long cable equivalent impedance model fig. 3;
in step 1, an impedance model of the inverter is used as an equivalent current source I inv (s) connecting an impedance Z in parallel inv (s) equivalent current source I inv (s) the expression is as follows:
Figure BDA0001965131420000041
Z inv the expression of(s) is as follows: z inv (s)=Z oO (s)·[1+T i (s)]Wherein T is i (s) is the loop gain of the inverter, Z oO The expression of(s) is as follows:
Figure BDA0001965131420000051
the impedance model of the long cable is a two-port network, Z P1 ,Z P2 ,Z P3 Equivalent two-port impedance parameters:
Z P1 =Z c sinh(γ(s)l),Z P2 =Z P3 =Z c sinh(γ(s)l)/[cosh(γ(s)l)-1]
the generalized model is shown in fig. 3, in which the parameters are:
Z i (s)=Z P1 ·Z P2 /(Z P1 +Z P2 )
G vv (s)=G ii (s)=Z P2 /(Z P1 +Z P2 )
Z o (s)=-Z P3 ·(Z P1 +Z P2 )/(Z P1 +Z P2 +Z P3 )
step 2: before the stability of the whole multi-stage parallel inverter is judged, the stability of each inverter and each cable needs to be judged, namely the equivalent current source I of the inverter is judged invi Equivalent parallel impedance Z of inverter invi Equivalent series impedance Z of cable ii Controlled voltage source parameter G for long cable vvi Bus voltage v pcc Whether a zero point exists on the right semi-plane or not;
in step 2, judging the equivalent current source I of each inverter invi Equivalent parallel impedance Z of inverter invi Equivalent series impedance Z of cable ii Controlled voltage source parameter G for long cable vvi Bus voltage v pcc If the right half plane of the inverter has no zero point, the state of all inverters and cables is stable when the inverters and the cables work independently, namely the stability judgment of the next step is carried out;
and step 3: according to the subsystem 1, judging the equivalent loop gain T mi (s) whether a nyquist stability criterion is satisfied;
in step 3, the equivalent loop gain T of the subsystem 1 in the step 2 is calculated mi (s) the expression is:
T mi (s)=Z ii (s)/Z invi (s)
in the formula, Z ii And Z invi Has been given above, Z P1 ,Z P2 ,Z P3 Equivalent impedance parameters of an impedance model of the long cable;
if T mi (s) the Nyquist stability criterion is met, if no zero point exists on the right half plane, the subsystem 1 is stable, and the next judgment is carried out;
and 4, step 4: according to the subsystem 2, the bus current i is judged pcc (s), bus voltage v pcc (s) and inverter series cable output current i i (s) whether the right half-plane has zero or not; bus current i pcc (s), bus voltage v pcc (s) and inverter series cable output current i i (s) expression to arrive at a stability decisionIt is only necessary to satisfy the following formula for stabilization:
Figure BDA0001965131420000061
if gamma(s) meets the Nyquist stability criterion, the subsystem 2 is stable, and the next judgment is carried out;
and 5: according to the subsystem 3, the input current i of the power grid is judged g (s) stability, whether right half plane has zero or not; if the steps are satisfied, the step can be omitted; and if the stability criteria are met, the obtained system of the integral multistage parallel inverter cascade long cable is stable.
Fig. 3 is an equivalent impedance model of the inverter according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is an equivalent circuit of a long cable in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a flowchart method of the final stability criterion in the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in the first step, first determining whether a single inverter and cable are stable, and if so, then determining T mi And(s) finally judging the stability of gamma(s), and if the three steps meet the Nyquist stability criterion, stabilizing the system of the whole multistage parallel inverter cascade long cable. The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and do not limit the present invention to the specific embodiments. Modifications and equivalents may be made to the specific embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and within the scope of the claims.

Claims (4)

1. A criterion method for judging the system stability of a multi-level inverter parallel connection long cable is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: modeling each part in the multi-stage inverter parallel system respectively, deducing impedance models of the inverter connected with different types of filters and two-port impedance models of each part of long cables, dividing the whole system into three subsystems according to the deduced impedance models of the inverter and the long cables, and judging the stability among the three subsystems respectively; the subsystem 1 reveals the interaction between the parallel inverters and the long cable, the subsystem 2 shows the influence between the long cable, and the subsystem 3 shows the interaction between the long cable and the power grid;
step 2: before the stability of the whole multi-stage parallel inverter is judged, the stability of each inverter and the long cable is judged, namely the equivalent current source I of the ith inverter is judged invi Equivalent parallel output impedance Z invi Series resistance Z at input side of long cable i (s) input side controlled voltage source G vv (s) bus voltage v pcc Whether a zero point exists on the right semi-plane or not;
and step 3: according to the subsystem 1, judging the equivalent loop gain T mi (s) whether the nyquist stability criterion is met, the subsystem 1 being stable when the nyquist stability criterion is met;
and 4, step 4: according to the subsystem 2, the bus current i is judged pcc (s), bus voltage v pcc (s) and inverter series long cable output current i i (s) presence or absence of a zero point in the right half-plane;
and 5: according to the subsystem 3, the input current i of the power grid is judged g (s) presence or absence of a zero point in the right half-plane;
wherein:
series resistance Z of input side in impedance model of two ports of long cable in step 1 and step 2 i (s) input side controlled voltage source G vv (s) output side controlled current source G ii (s) output side parallel impedance Z o (s) the expression is:
Z i (s)=Z P1 ·Z P2 /(Z P1 +Z P2 )
G vv (s)=G ii (s)=Z P2 /(Z P1 +Z P2 )
Z o (s)=-Z P3 ·(Z P1 +Z P2 )/(Z P1 +Z P2 +Z P3 )
in the formula, Z p1 (s)、Z p2 (s) and Z p3 (s) are respectively the intermediate impedance, the input port impedance and the output port impedance of the traditional pi-shaped transmission line model of the long cable, and the expressions are as follows:
Z P1 =Z c sinh(γ(s)l),Z P2 =Z P3 =Z c sinh(γ(s)l)/[cosh(γ(s)l)-1]
equivalent loop gain T in step 3 mi The expression of(s) is:
T mi (s)=Z ii (s)/Z invi (s)。
2. a criterion method for judging the system stability of a multi-level inverter parallel connection long cable according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 1, the impedance model of the inverter is an equivalent current source I inv (s) connecting an impedance Z in parallel inv (s) its equivalent current source I inv (s) the expression is as follows:
Figure FDA0003695522070000021
in the formula: t is i (s) is the loop gain of the inverter;
Z inv the expression of(s) is as follows: z inv (s)=Z oO (s)·[1+T i (s)],
Z oO The expression of(s) is as follows:
Figure FDA0003695522070000022
3. a criterion method for judging the system stability of a multi-level inverter parallel connection long cable according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 2, before the stability of the whole multi-stage parallel inverter is judged, the stability of each inverter and the long cable is judged, namely the I-th inverter equivalent current source I is judged invi Equivalent parallel output resistorAnti Z invi Series resistance Z at input side of long cable i (s) input side controlled voltage source G vv (s) bus voltage v pcc Whether a zero point exists on the right semi-plane or not; and if the zero point of the right semi-plane exists, the inverter or the long cable is unstable, and if the zero point of the right semi-plane does not exist, the inverter or the long cable is stable, namely the next stability judgment is carried out.
4. A criterion method for judging the system stability of a multi-level inverter parallel connection long cable according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 5, the power grid input current i g The expression of(s) is:
i g (s)=G ig i og -v g /Z og
by judgment, i g (s) the stabilization is naturally true on the premise that the long cable is stable, i.e. step 5 can be omitted if the stability criterion in step 1 has been met.
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