CN109830766A - Battery component and terminal - Google Patents
Battery component and terminal Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109830766A CN109830766A CN201910098572.0A CN201910098572A CN109830766A CN 109830766 A CN109830766 A CN 109830766A CN 201910098572 A CN201910098572 A CN 201910098572A CN 109830766 A CN109830766 A CN 109830766A
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- Prior art keywords
- discharge
- mosfet
- control
- battery core
- charging
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of battery component and terminals, are related to field of terminal, can get to charge and discharge protecting plate by longer access to solve charging current, in this way caused by the larger problem of access heating loss.The battery component includes battery core (130), charger backplate (110) and discharge prevention plate (120); the battery core (130) has the first anode ear, the first negative electrode lug, the second anode ear and the second negative electrode lug; the battery core is connect by first anode ear and first negative electrode lug with the charger backplate (110), and the battery core (130) is connect by second anode ear and second negative electrode lug with the discharge prevention plate (120);First anode ear and first negative electrode lug are all set in the side of the close charging interface of the battery core (130), and the charger backplate (110) connect with the battery core (130) and the charging interface respectively.The present invention is used to carry out charge and discharge to battery component.
Description
Technical field
The present embodiments relate to field of terminal more particularly to a kind of battery component and terminals.
Background technique
With the continuous development of science and technology, fast charge technology is increasingly mature, and the favor by more and more users.
During being charged using fast charge technology to terminal, how to reduce the calorific value in charging process is one
Problem in need of consideration.
For the relevant technologies during charging to terminal, charging current can get to charge and discharge by longer access
Electric protection plate, in this way caused by access heating loss it is often larger.
Summary of the invention
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of battery component and terminal, can pass through longer access ability to solve charging current
Reach charge and discharge protecting plate, in this way caused by the larger problem of access heating loss.
In a first aspect, a kind of battery component is provided, including battery core, charger backplate and discharge prevention plate, the battery core tool
There are the first anode ear, the first negative electrode lug, the second anode ear and the second negative electrode lug, the battery core passes through first anode ear and institute
The first negative electrode lug is stated to connect with the charger backplate, the battery core by second anode ear and second negative electrode lug with
The discharge prevention plate connection;First anode ear and first negative electrode lug are all set in the close charging of the battery core
The side of mouth, the charger backplate are connect with the battery core and the charging interface respectively.
Second aspect provides a kind of terminal, and the terminal includes battery component, and the battery component includes battery core, charging
Protection board and discharge prevention plate, the battery core have the first anode ear, the first negative electrode lug, the second anode ear and the second negative electrode lug,
The battery core is connect by first anode ear and first negative electrode lug with the charger backplate, and the battery core passes through institute
It states the second anode ear and second negative electrode lug is connect with the discharge prevention plate;First anode ear and first cathode
Ear is all set in the side of the close charging interface of the battery core, the charger backplate respectively with the battery core and the charging
Interface connection.
In battery component provided in an embodiment of the present invention and terminal, battery component includes battery core, charger backplate and puts
Electric protection plate, the battery core have the first anode ear, the first negative electrode lug, the second anode ear and the second negative electrode lug, and the battery core is logical
It crosses first anode ear and first negative electrode lug is connect with the charger backplate, the battery core passes through second anode
Ear and second negative electrode lug are connect with the discharge prevention plate;First anode ear and first negative electrode lug are all set in
The side of the close charging interface of the battery core, the charger backplate are connect with the battery core and the charging interface respectively.
In this way, described the first of connection charger backplate is just by two mutually independent charger backplates of setting and discharge prevention plate
Tab and first negative electrode lug are all set in the side of the close charging interface of the battery core, and charger backplate and charging
Mouth connection can shorten the access of charging current transmission, and then reduce charging heating loss.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of terminal provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a kind of schematic diagram of battery component provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a kind of schematic diagram of discharge protection circuit provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a kind of schematic diagram of charge protector provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of another discharge protection circuit provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of another charge protector provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 7 A is one that voltameter provided in an embodiment of the present invention is connected with charge protector and discharge protection circuit
Kind schematic diagram;
Fig. 7 B is a kind of structural block diagram of voltameter provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a kind of structural block diagram of terminal provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 9 is the flow chart for the method that a kind of pair of terminal provided in an embodiment of the present invention charges;
Figure 10 is the flow chart for the method that a kind of pair of terminal provided in an embodiment of the present invention is discharged;
Figure 11 is the flow chart for the method that another kind provided in an embodiment of the present invention discharges to terminal.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation description, it is clear that described embodiments are some of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on this hair
Embodiment in bright, every other implementation obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts
Example, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Terminal provided in an embodiment of the present invention can be various mobile terminals, such as mobile phone, tablet computer, individual digital help
Reason etc..
The technical solution provided below in conjunction with attached drawing, each embodiment that the present invention will be described in detail.
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of terminal provided in an embodiment of the present invention.It is to be understood that component shown in Fig. 1
Only example and not limit, may include component more more or fewer than component shown in Fig. 1 in terminal.Fig. 2 is the present invention
A kind of schematic diagram for battery component that embodiment provides.
Referring to Figures 1 and 2, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of terminal, and the terminal may include battery component, the battery
Component may include charger backplate 110, discharge prevention plate 120 and battery core 130, the battery core 130 respectively with the charger
Backplate 110 and the discharge prevention plate 120 connection.
It refers to that " A and B connection " can indicate that A is directly connected to B in embodiments of the present invention, can also indicate between A and B in succession
It connects, such as A is connect by C with B.
Battery core 130 respectively can be such as Fig. 2 with the charger backplate 110 and the specific connection of the discharge prevention plate 120
It is shown.In battery component provided in an embodiment of the present invention, battery core 130 can have two pairs of positive and negative tabs, i.e. the first anode ear,
One negative electrode lug constitutes a pair of positive and negative tab, and the second anode ear and the second negative electrode lug constitute the positive and negative tab of another pair.Reference Fig. 2, the
One anode ear, the first negative electrode lug, which may be disposed at the lower section of battery core 130 and the second anode ear and the second negative electrode lug, to be for example arranged
In the top of battery core 130.As shown in Fig. 2, battery core 130 can pass through the first anode ear and the first negative electrode lug and charger backplate 110
Connection, battery core 130 can be connect by the second anode ear and the second negative electrode lug with discharge prevention plate 120.First anode ear and first
Negative electrode lug may be disposed at the side of the close charging interface (for example, with reference to the charging interface 150 of Fig. 1) of battery core 130, charger
Backplate 110 is connect with battery core 130 and charging interface respectively.
Battery component provided in an embodiment of the present invention includes battery core, charger backplate and discharge prevention plate, the battery core tool
There are the first anode ear, the first negative electrode lug, the second anode ear and the second negative electrode lug, the battery core passes through first anode ear and institute
The first negative electrode lug is stated to connect with the charger backplate, the battery core by second anode ear and second negative electrode lug with
The discharge prevention plate connection;First anode ear and first negative electrode lug are all set in the close charging of the battery core
The side of mouth, the charger backplate are connect with the battery core and the charging interface respectively.In this way, mutual by setting two
Independent charger backplate and discharge prevention plate, first anode ear and first negative electrode lug for connecting charger backplate are equal
It is set to the side of the close charging interface of the battery core, and charger backplate is connect with charging interface, it is ensured that enter and fill
The charging current of electrical interface can faster flow to charger backplate, can so shorten the access of charging current transmission, into
And access heating loss can be reduced.
In embodiments of the present invention, charger backplate 110 and discharge prevention plate 120 can be mutually independent two protections
Plate, they can be set in the two sides of battery core.Various circuits can be integrated on charger backplate 110, on discharge prevention plate 120
Various circuits can be integrated with.
In the case where there is charging interface at the terminal and carrying out wired charging using charging interface, charging current can be
Electric current from charging interface;In the case where terminal utilizes wireless charging, charging current may be from wireless charging
Electric current.
Wherein, in the case where charging to the battery component, charging current can bypass the discharge prevention plate
120, and enter the battery core via the charger backplate 110.
In terminal provided in an embodiment of the present invention, the battery component of terminal includes battery core, the charging for charge protection
Protection board and discharge prevention plate for discharge prevention, the battery core respectively with the charger backplate and the discharge prevention plate
Connection, in the case where charging to the battery component, charging current can bypass the discharge prevention plate, and via described
Charger backplate enters the battery core.In this way, being entered by two mutually independent charger backplates of setting and discharge prevention plate
The charging current of terminal need to can only reach the charger backplate for charge protection, without reaching putting for discharge prevention
Electric protection plate, can so shorten the access of charging current transmission, and then can reduce access heating loss.
In embodiments of the present invention, in the case where the battery component discharges, the electric current from the battery component can
The charger backplate 110 is flowed to by the discharge prevention plate 120, to be powered to the element in access.
Also referring to Fig.1, in embodiments of the present invention, the terminal may also include charging interface 150, first circuit board 160
With second circuit board 140.The charging interface 150 is arranged on the first circuit board 160.Charging interface 150 can be USB
Interface and Type C interface etc., charger (not shown go out) can be connected with charging interface 150, and outside charger access
It can charge to terminal when power supply.In embodiments of the present invention, second circuit board 140 can be terminal mainboard, the first electricity
Road plate 160 can be the platelet of terminal.First circuit board 160 and second circuit board 140 can be mutually independent two circuits
Plate, and they can be separately positioned on the two sides of battery core 130 as shown in Figure 1.
In one embodiment of the invention, optionally, the first circuit board 160 can be with the charger backplate
110 connections, the second circuit board 140 can be connect with the discharge prevention plate 120.In this way, the charging from charging interface
Electric current can be directly transferred to charger backplate 110 via first circuit board 160.Meanwhile in the case where battery component electric discharge,
Discharge current from battery component can be transmitted to second circuit board 140 via discharge prevention plate 120.It can easily realize
To the charging and discharging function of terminal.
In embodiments of the present invention, charger backplate 110 can be used as individual component and first circuit board as shown in Figure 1
Be connected, can also be integrated with first circuit board 160, for example, charger backplate 110 as first circuit board 160 one
It is partially integrated on the first circuit board.Similarly, discharge prevention plate 120 can be as shown in Figure 1 as individual component and the
Two circuit boards 140 are connected, and can also integrate with second circuit board, such as discharge prevention plate 120 is used as second circuit
A part of plate is integrated on the second circuit board.This integrated form of charger backplate 110 and/or discharge prevention plate 120
Installation can make full use of the space in terminal, thus the space utilization rate of terminal can be improved, while can guarantee terminal
Volume is more compact.
During the battery component to terminal charges, charging current can enter via charging interface 150, and
It can be directly transferred to charger backplate 110 via first circuit board 160, and then be transmitted to battery core 130 to charge to battery core 130.
And during the battery component of terminal is discharged, the electric current from battery core 130 can successively through over plate 120,
Second circuit board (such as mainboard) 140 and send to charger backplate 110 and first circuit board (such as platelet) 160.
Referring to Fig. 2, in battery component provided in an embodiment of the present invention, battery core 130 can be symmetrical design, up and down each one
To positive and negative tab.Battery core 130 can be connect with charger backplate 110 and discharge prevention plate 120 respectively.In this way, to battery pack
When part is charged, electric current can enter battery core by the charger backplate 110 of lower section;And in battery component electric discharge, electric current
It can be flowed out by the discharge prevention plate 120 of top, be supplied to each element on such as second circuit board (such as mainboard) 140
Electricity, certainly can also be to each power elements on first circuit board (such as platelet) 160.
In one embodiment of the invention, the charger backplate 110 may include the first control module and the first control
Metal-Oxide Semiconductor field effect transistor (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect
Transistor, MOSFET), wherein first control module is connect with the first control MOSFET, first control module
With charge protection control function, the first control MOSFET has charging path control function.Inventive embodiments pass through the
Charge protection control function may be implemented in one control module, such as prevent charging overcurrent, overcharge protection etc., pass through the first control
MOSFET can control charging path, such as adjust the voltage etc. of a certain element in access.First control module and the first control
MOSFET can be mutually matched so that charge protector function is better achieved.
Correspondingly, in another embodiment of the present invention, the discharge prevention plate 120 may include the second control module and
Second control MOSFET, wherein second control module is connect with the second control MOSFET, second control module
With discharge prevention control function, the second control MOSFET has discharge path control function.The embodiment of the present invention passes through
Discharge prevention control function may be implemented in second control module, such as prevent electric discharge overcurrent, Cross prevention, short-circuit protection etc., lead to
Crossing the second control MOSFET can control discharge path, such as adjust the voltage etc. of a certain element in access.Second control module
It can be mutually matched with the second control MOSFET discharge protection circuit function is better achieved.
In embodiments of the present invention, second control module can have short-circuit self-recovering function.In case of discharging
Stream or short circuit event can not have to activate discharge path by way of charging, and can be in short circuit or electric discharge overcurrent thing
Part is automatic after releasing to restore discharge path.
In embodiments of the present invention, settable charge protector on charger backplate 110, can on discharge prevention plate 120
Discharge protection circuit is set.Charge protector and discharge protection circuit can be separated from each other, and not interfere with each other.Referring to Fig. 3-4
Discharge protection circuit provided in an embodiment of the present invention and charge protector are further explained.
Fig. 3 is a kind of schematic diagram of discharge protection circuit provided in an embodiment of the present invention.It is electricity referring to Fig. 3, Rd1, Rd2
Resistance, Cd1, Cd2 are capacitor, and Rd1, Rd2, Cd1, Cd2 are the peripheral circuit device for protecting integrated circuit.Pd1 is fuse.R_
ID1 is that battery ID identifies resistance, and ID1 is the port of battery ID identification, for confirming whether battery is this producer electricity produced
Pond, it is anti-fake to achieve the purpose that.B+ and B- is that battery core rectifies pole bear pole, and Pd+ and Pd- are anode and cathode.Qd1 is control
MOSFET (the second control MOSFET) processed.U1 is control module (the second control module), and VDD is the voltage of connection anode, and VSS is
The voltage of cathode is connected, DO is the pin for connecting Qd1, and VM is detection mouth, such as over-current detection mouth.
Qd1 is control MOSFET (second control MOSFET), is controlled for discharge path, if there is overcurrent of discharging,
Discharge path can be closed by adjusting (such as dragging down) DO pin, while not influence charging path, and pass through discharge path
The parasitic diode of MOSFET can be with afterflow.
RSNS1For the sampling resistor of discharge protection circuit, DHG_M and DHG_P are to hold for being connected to two of voltameter
Mouth, DHG_M and DHG_P are connected respectively to R by conducting wireSNS1Both ends.
The connection structure of all parts can be as shown in Figure 3.It is to be understood that U1, which can remove, to be filled in circuit shown in Fig. 3
Electric overcurrent, charging over-voltage function, to reduce area.Qd1 can remove charging path control MOSFET, to reduce area.While by
Electric discharge conveyance capacity is considered in only using, and cabling can not have to the strict control impedance as the relevant technologies, can protect plate in this way
Width it is narrower.U1 can only do discharging function protection, and can have short-circuit self-recovering function, in this way in case of electric discharge overcurrent or
Person's short circuit event can not have to activate by way of charging, but automatic after short circuit or electric discharge overcurrent events release
Restore discharge path.
Fig. 4 is a kind of schematic diagram of charge protector provided in an embodiment of the present invention.It is electricity referring to Fig. 4, Rc1, Rc2
Resistance, Cc1, Cc2 are capacitor, and Rc1, Rc2, Cc1, Cc2 are the peripheral circuit device for protecting integrated circuit.Pc1 is fuse.R_
ID2 is that battery ID identifies resistance, and ID2 is the port of battery ID identification, for confirming whether battery is this producer electricity produced
Pond, it is anti-fake to achieve the purpose that.B+ and B- is that battery core rectifies pole bear pole, and Pc+ and Pc- are anode and cathode.Qc1 is control
MOSFET (the first control MOSFET) processed.U2 is control module (the first control module), and VDD is the voltage of connection anode, and VSS is
The voltage of cathode is connected, CO is the pin for connecting Qc1, and VM is detection mouth, such as over-current detection mouth.
Qc1 is control MOSFET (first control MOSFET), is controlled for charging path, if there is the overcurrent that charges,
Can be by adjusting (such as dragging down) CO pin charge closing access, while not influencing discharge path.
RSNS2For the sampling resistor of charge protector, CHG_M and CHG_P are to hold for being connected to two of voltameter
Mouth, CHG_M and CHG_P are connected respectively to R by conducting wireSNS2Both ends.
The connection structure of all parts can be as shown in Figure 4.It is to be understood that U2, which can remove, to be put in circuit shown in Fig. 4
Electric overcurrent, electric discharge over-voltage function, to reduce area.Qc1 can remove discharge path control MOSFET, to reduce area.
Simultaneously it is to be understood that in the circuit shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, due to totally, Pd- and the Pc- company of can be in complete machine
It is connected together.Since defencive function separates, Pd+ and Pc+ can be separation, and the load of entire terminal can connect in Pd+
On, Pc+ can only play charge function.
Charge protector provided in an embodiment of the present invention can also use its other party in addition to the situation of circuit shown in Fig. 4
Formula, such as have the function of charge protection and discharge prevention (situation of exemplary circuit shown in Figure 6) simultaneously.Similarly, of the invention
The discharge protection circuit that embodiment provides can also use other modes, such as have simultaneously in addition to the situation of circuit shown in Fig. 3
Charge protection and discharge prevention function (situation of exemplary circuit shown in Figure 5).
In one embodiment of the invention, optionally, first control module also has discharge prevention control function,
The first control MOSFET includes having the first object MOSFET of charging path control function and there is discharge path to control
Second target MOSFET, the first object MOSFET of function is connected with the second target MOSFET.The present invention is implemented
The first control module in example can have charge protection control function and discharge prevention control function simultaneously, so may be implemented more
Reinforce big control function.Meanwhile first controls MOSFET by including the first object with charging path control function
MOSFET and the second target MOSFET with discharge path control function, can realize the control to charging path respectively and put
The control of electric pathway.
Correspondingly, in another embodiment of the present invention, optionally, second control module also has charge protection
Control function, the second control MOSFET include having the third target MOSFET of charging path control function and having to discharge
4th target MOSFET of access control function, the third target MOSFET are connected with the 4th target MOSFET.This
The second control module in inventive embodiments can have charge protection control function and discharge prevention control function simultaneously, so may be used
To realize more powerful control function.Meanwhile second control MOSFET to pass through include the with charging path control function
Three target MOSFET and the 4th target MOSFET with discharge path control function, can realize the control to charging path respectively
The control of system and discharge path.
Referring to Fig. 5-6 pairs of another discharge protection circuits provided in an embodiment of the present invention and another charge protection electricity
Road is further explained.
Fig. 5 is a kind of schematic diagram of discharge protection circuit provided in an embodiment of the present invention.Rd1, Rd2 are resistance, Cd1, Cd2
For capacitor, Rd1, Rd2, Cd1, Cd2 are the peripheral circuit device for protecting integrated circuit.Pd1 is fuse.R_ID is battery ID
Identify resistance, ID is the port of battery ID identification, for confirming whether battery is this producer battery produced, to reach anti-fake
Purpose.B+ and B- is that battery core rectifies pole bear pole, and Pd+ and Pd- are anode and cathode.Qd1 is control MOSFET (second
Control MOSFET), Qd1 includes two MOSFET, for the third target MOSFET of charging path control function and for discharging
4th target MOSFET of access control function.U1 is control module (the second control module), and VDD is the voltage of connection anode,
VSS is the voltage for connecting cathode, and DO is the pin connected in Qd1 for the 4th target MOSFET of discharge path control function,
CO is the pin connected in Qd1 for the third target MOSFET of charging path control function, and VM is detection mouth, such as overcurrent inspection
Survey mouth.
4th target MOSFET is controlled for discharge path, can be by adjusting (such as drawing if there is overcurrent of discharging
It is low) DO pin closes discharge path, while not influencing charging path.Third target MOSFET is controlled for charging path, if
There is charging overcurrent, can be by adjusting (such as dragging down) CO pin charge closing access, while not influencing discharge path.
RSNS1For the sampling resistor of discharge protection circuit, DHG_M and DHG_P are to hold for being connected to two of voltameter
Mouth, DHG_M and DHG_P are connected respectively to R by conducting wireSNS1Both ends.
The connection structure of all parts can be as shown in Figure 5.
Fig. 6 is a kind of schematic diagram of charge protector provided in an embodiment of the present invention.Rc1, Rc2 are resistance, Cc1, Cc2
For capacitor, Rc1, Rc2, Cc1, Cc2 are the peripheral circuit device for protecting integrated circuit.Pc1 is fuse.R_ID is battery ID
Identify resistance, ID is the port of battery ID identification, for confirming whether battery is this producer battery produced, to reach anti-fake
Purpose.B+ and B- is that battery core rectifies pole and cathode, and Pc+ and Pc- are anode and cathode.Qc1 is control MOSFET (first
Control MOSFET), Qc1 includes two MOSFET, for the first object MOSFET of charging path control function and for discharging
Second target MOSFET of access control function.U2 is control module (the first control module), and VDD is the voltage of connection anode,
VSS is the voltage for connecting cathode, and DO is the pin connected in Qc1 for the second target MOSFET of discharge path control function,
CO is the pin connected in Qc1 for the first object MOSFET of charging path control function, and VM is detection mouth, such as overcurrent inspection
Survey mouth.
Second target MOSFET is controlled for discharge path, can be by adjusting (such as drawing if there is overcurrent of discharging
It is low) DO pin closes discharge path, while not influencing charging path.First object MOSFET is controlled for charging path, if
There is charging overcurrent, can be by adjusting (such as dragging down) CO pin charge closing access, while not influencing discharge path.
RSNS2For the sampling resistor of discharge protection circuit, CHG_M and CHG_P are to hold for being connected to two of voltameter
Mouth, CHG_M and CHG_P are connected respectively to R by conducting wireSNS2Both ends.
The connection structure of all parts can be as shown in Figure 6.It is to be understood that in the circuit shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, Pd+ and
Pc+ both can connect together, can also be not attached to together.If Pd+ and Pc+ are not connected to together, U1 can have short circuit certainly
Restore function.
It is to be understood that the element in circuit can be increased or decreased as required in the schematic diagram of Fig. 3 to Fig. 6.Example
Such as, fuse, removal capacitor Cc2 or Cd2 and removal ID etc. of the Fig. 3 into Fig. 6 be can remove.Meanwhile shown in Fig. 3 to Fig. 6
Resistance and capacitor number only be illustrate and be not meant to be limitation.That is, Fig. 3 to resistance shown in fig. 6 can by one or more electricity
Resistance composition, Fig. 3 to capacitor shown in fig. 6 can be made of one or more capacitors.
In embodiments of the present invention, the electric current and/or discharge prevention of charge protector can be also measured using voltameter
The electric current of circuit.Optionally, in one embodiment of the invention, the terminal further includes voltameter, and the voltameter includes
Charging current acquisition module and discharge current acquisition module, the charging current acquisition module are described for acquiring charging current
Discharge current acquisition module is for acquiring discharge current;The charger backplate 110 further includes the first sampling resistor, the electric discharge
Protection board 120 further includes the second sampling resistor;The charging current acquisition module is connected with the both ends of first sampling resistor
It connects, the discharge current acquisition module is connected with the both ends of second sampling resistor.The embodiment of the present invention can pass through electricity
Meter gets mutually independent charging current and discharge current, obtains charging current and discharge current is more convenient and accurate.
Fig. 7 A be a kind of voltameter provided in an embodiment of the present invention respectively with charge protector and discharge protection circuit phase
The schematic diagram of connection.The charge protector used in Fig. 7 A for charge protector shown in Fig. 4, protect by the electric discharge used in Fig. 7 A
Protection circuit is charge protector shown in Fig. 3, it is to be understood that being only for example, the charge protector in Fig. 7 A can also be adopted
The charge protector shown in Fig. 6, the discharge protection circuit page in Fig. 7 A can be using charge protector shown in Fig. 5.Scheming
The introduction of each circuit element, which can refer to, in 7A is described above, and the connection relationship of each circuit element can be as shown in Figure 7 A.
In embodiments of the present invention, U0 can also have cell voltage other than can have charging and discharging currents sampling functions
The functions such as sampling, temperature sampling.Wherein, charge current sample and discharge current sampling can be completely separable, are charged and discharged the time-division
It is not sampled by respective sampling resistor.Plus-minus processing can be done after integrating respectively to sampled value, to obtain the reality of battery core
Capacity.Meanwhile electricity calibration is carried out using the voltage of sampling battery core.In this manner, the electricity to bidirectional battery is realized
Management.
In fig. 7, U0 is voltameter, and CS_P and CS_N are the interface for detecting voltage.The DHG_P and DHG_M of U0 connects respectively
It is connected to RSNS1 both ends, CHG_P and CHG_M are connected respectively to RSNS2 both ends, the size of current that real-time sampling is charged and discharged,
It is given to internal control computing module (Coulomb Counter) processing.
The functional block diagram of U0 can be as shown in Figure 7 B, and U0 mainly includes that charging current acquisition module 710, discharge current are adopted
Collect module 720, voltage acquisition module 730, temperature collecting module 740 and control computing module 750.Charging current acquisition module
710 are connected to the sampling resistor R of charger backplateSNSOn 2, for acquiring charging current, and corresponding coulomb integral operation is done,
Obtain the real-time charge capacity of battery.Discharge current acquisition module 720 is connected to the sampling resistor R of discharge prevention plateSNSOn 1, use
In acquisition discharge current, and corresponding coulomb integral operation is done, obtains the real-time discharge electricity amount of battery.Voltage acquisition module 730
For open-circuit voltage (Open CircuitVoltage, OCV) voltage of sampling battery, initial quantity of electricity acquisition and electricity school are done
The functions such as standard.Temperature collecting module 740 is used to acquire the temperature of battery, calls different electricity bent according to different environment temperatures
Line.Computing module 750 is controlled, major function is that electricity is calculated and communicated, and is charged and discharged electricity in real time by calculating, obtains
The remaining capacity of battery.
It is to be understood that terminal herein can be the terminal hereinafter mentioned.
A kind of hardware structural diagram of Fig. 8 terminal of each embodiment to realize the present invention.
The terminal 800 includes but is not limited to: radio frequency unit 801, network module 802, audio output unit 803, input are single
Member 804, sensor 805, display unit 806, user input unit 807, interface unit 808, memory 809, processor 810,
And the equal components of power supply 811.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the not structure paired terminal of terminal structure shown in Fig. 8
It limits, terminal may include perhaps combining certain components or different component layouts than illustrating more or fewer components.
In embodiments of the present invention, terminal includes but is not limited to mobile phone, tablet computer, laptop, palm PC etc..
Wherein, processor 810 can be used for executing various operations.For example, obtaining charging to terminal charge
Electric current;The charging current is transmitted to the charger backplate in the case where bypassing the discharge prevention plate;By the charging
Electric current is transmitted to the battery core via the charger backplate, to charge.For example, in the case where discharging terminal, it will
Discharge current from battery core is transmitted to discharge prevention plate;By the discharge current via the discharge prevention plate to the charging
Protection board transmission.For example, the first discharge current from battery core is passed to charger backplate in the case where discharging terminal
It is defeated;First discharge current is transmitted via the charger backplate to first circuit board;By second from the battery core
Discharge current is transmitted to discharge prevention plate;Second discharge current is passed via the discharge prevention plate to second circuit board
It is defeated.
It should be understood that the embodiment of the present invention in, radio frequency unit 801 can be used for receiving and sending messages or communication process in, signal
Send and receive, specifically, by from base station downlink data receive after, to processor 810 handle;In addition, by uplink
Data are sent to base station.In general, radio frequency unit 801 includes but is not limited to antenna, at least one amplifier, transceiver, coupling
Device, low-noise amplifier, duplexer etc..In addition, radio frequency unit 801 can also by wireless communication system and network and other set
Standby communication.
Terminal provides wireless broadband internet by network module 802 for user and accesses, and such as user is helped to receive and dispatch electricity
Sub- mail, browsing webpage and access streaming video etc..
Audio output unit 803 can be received by radio frequency unit 801 or network module 802 or in memory 809
The audio data of storage is converted into audio signal and exports to be sound.Moreover, audio output unit 803 can also provide and end
The relevant audio output of specific function (for example, call signal receives sound, message sink sound etc.) that end 800 executes.Sound
Frequency output unit 803 includes loudspeaker, buzzer and receiver etc..
Input unit 804 is for receiving audio or video signal.Input unit 804 may include graphics processor
(Graphics Processing Unit, GPU) 8041 and microphone 8042, graphics processor 8041 is in video acquisition mode
Or the image data of the static images or video obtained in image capture mode by image capture apparatus (such as camera) carries out
Reason.Treated, and picture frame may be displayed on display unit 806.Through graphics processor 8041, treated that picture frame can be deposited
Storage is sent in memory 809 (or other storage mediums) or via radio frequency unit 801 or network module 802.Mike
Wind 8042 can receive sound, and can be audio data by such acoustic processing.Treated audio data can be
The format output that mobile communication base station can be sent to via radio frequency unit 801 is converted in the case where telephone calling model.
Terminal 800 may also include at least one sensor 805, such as optical sensor, motion sensor and other sensings
Device.Specifically, optical sensor includes ambient light sensor and proximity sensor, wherein ambient light sensor can be according to environment light
The light and shade of line adjusts the brightness of display panel 8061, and proximity sensor can close display surface when terminal 800 is moved in one's ear
Plate 8061 and/or backlight.As a kind of motion sensor, accelerometer sensor can detect in all directions (generally three axis)
The size of acceleration can detect that size and the direction of gravity when static, can be used to identify terminal posture, (for example horizontal/vertical screen is cut
Change, dependent game, magnetometer pose calibrating), Vibration identification correlation function (such as pedometer, tap) etc.;Sensor 805 may be used also
To include fingerprint sensor, pressure sensor, iris sensor, molecule sensor, gyroscope, barometer, hygrometer, temperature
Meter, infrared sensor etc., details are not described herein.
Display unit 806 is for showing information input by user or being supplied to the information of user.Display unit 806 can wrap
Display panel 8061 is included, liquid crystal display (Liquid Crystal Display, LCD), Organic Light Emitting Diode can be used
Forms such as (Organic Light-Emitting Diode, OLED) configure display panel 8061.
User input unit 807 can be used for receiving the number or character information of input, and generates and set with the user of terminal
It sets and the related key signals of function control inputs.Specifically, user input unit 807 include touch panel 8071 and other
Input equipment 8072.Touch panel 8071, also referred to as touch screen, collect user on it or nearby touch operation (such as
User is using any suitable objects or attachment such as finger, stylus on touch panel 8071 or near touch panel 8071
Operation).Touch panel 8071 may include both touch detecting apparatus and touch controller.Wherein, touch detecting apparatus is examined
The touch orientation of user is surveyed, and detects touch operation bring signal, transmits a signal to touch controller;Touch controller from
Touch information is received on touch detecting apparatus, and is converted into contact coordinate, then gives processor 810, receives processor 810
The order sent simultaneously is executed.Furthermore, it is possible to using multiple types such as resistance-type, condenser type, infrared ray and surface acoustic waves
Realize touch panel 8071.In addition to touch panel 8071, user input unit 807 can also include other input equipments 8072.
Specifically, other input equipments 8072 can include but is not limited to physical keyboard, function key (such as volume control button, switch
Key etc.), trace ball, mouse, operating stick, details are not described herein.
Further, touch panel 8071 can be covered on display panel 8061, when touch panel 8071 is detected at it
On or near touch operation after, send processor 810 to determine the type of touch event, be followed by subsequent processing device 810 according to touching
The type for touching event provides corresponding visual output on display panel 8061.Although in fig. 8, touch panel 8071 and display
Panel 8061 is the function that outputs and inputs of realizing terminal as two independent components, but in certain embodiments, it can
The function that outputs and inputs of terminal is realized so that touch panel 8071 and display panel 8061 is integrated, is not limited herein specifically
It is fixed.
Interface unit 808 is the interface that external device (ED) is connect with terminal 800.For example, external device (ED) may include it is wired or
Wireless head-band earphone port, external power supply (or battery charger) port, wired or wireless data port, memory card port,
For connecting port, the port audio input/output (I/O), video i/o port, ear port of the device with identification module
Etc..Interface unit 808 can be used for receiving the input (for example, data information, electric power etc.) from external device (ED) and will
One or more elements that the input received is transferred in terminal 800 or can be used for terminal 800 and external device (ED) it
Between transmit data.
Memory 809 can be used for storing software program and various data.Memory 809 can mainly include storing program area
The storage data area and, wherein storing program area can (such as the sound of application program needed for storage program area, at least one function
Sound playing function, image player function etc.) etc.;Storage data area can store according to mobile phone use created data (such as
Audio data, phone directory etc.) etc..In addition, memory 809 may include high-speed random access memory, it can also include non-easy
The property lost memory, a for example, at least disk memory, flush memory device or other volatile solid-state parts.
Processor 810 is the control centre of terminal, using the various pieces of various interfaces and the entire terminal of connection, is led to
It crosses operation or executes the software program and/or module being stored in memory 809, and call and be stored in memory 809
Data execute the various functions and processing data of terminal, to carry out integral monitoring to terminal.Processor 810 may include one
Or multiple processing units;Preferably, processor 810 can integrate application processor and modem processor, wherein application processing
The main processing operation system of device, user interface and application program etc., modem processor mainly handles wireless communication.It can manage
Solution, above-mentioned modem processor can not also be integrated into processor 810.
Terminal 800 can also include the power supply 811 (such as battery) powered to all parts, it is preferred that power supply 811 can be with
It is logically contiguous by power-supply management system and processor 810, thus by power-supply management system realize management charging, electric discharge, with
And the functions such as power managed.
In addition, terminal 800 includes some unshowned functional modules, details are not described herein.
Fig. 9 is the flow chart for the method that a kind of pair of terminal provided in an embodiment of the present invention charges.Wherein, terminal can be with
For any terminal provided in an embodiment of the present invention.Reference Fig. 9, what a kind of pair of terminal provided in an embodiment of the present invention charged
Method can include:
Step 910, charging current is obtained;
Step 920, the charging current is transmitted to charger backplate around over plate;
Step 930, the charging current is transmitted to the battery core via the charger backplate, to charge.
In charging method provided in an embodiment of the present invention, the battery component of terminal includes battery core, charger backplate and puts
Electric protection plate, the battery core are connect with the charger backplate and the discharge prevention plate respectively, to the battery component into
In the case where row charging, charging current bypasses the discharge prevention plate, and enters the battery core via the charger backplate.Such as
This, passes through two mutually independent charger backplates of setting and discharge prevention plate, it is ensured that into the charging current of terminal
Charger backplate need to be reached, without reaching discharge prevention plate, can so shorten the access of charging current transmission, and then can subtract
Few access heating loss.
Meanwhile during the charging process, charging current can bypass the discharge prevention plate, directly flow via charger backplate
To battery core, it can so reduce thermal losses, quickly charge to battery component.
Figure 10 is the flow chart for the method that a kind of pair of terminal provided in an embodiment of the present invention is discharged.Wherein, terminal can
Think any terminal provided in an embodiment of the present invention.Referring to Fig.1 0, a kind of pair of terminal provided in an embodiment of the present invention is put
The method of electricity can include:
Step 1010, the discharge current from battery core is transmitted to discharge prevention plate;
Step 1020, the discharge current is transmitted via the discharge prevention plate to charger backplate.
In charging method provided in an embodiment of the present invention, the battery component of terminal includes battery core, charger backplate and puts
Electric protection plate, the battery core are connect with the charger backplate and the discharge prevention plate respectively, to the battery component into
In the case where row charging, charging current bypasses the discharge prevention plate, and enters the battery core via the charger backplate.Such as
This, passes through two mutually independent charger backplates of setting and discharge prevention plate, it is ensured that into the charging current of terminal
Charger backplate need to be reached, without reaching discharge prevention plate, can so shorten the access of charging current transmission, and then can subtract
Few access heating loss.
Meanwhile during discharge, discharge current can be unified to flow out from battery core, through over plate, flow to charger
Backplate can so carry out unified power supply to each element in access.
It optionally, in one embodiment of the invention, include first circuit board and second circuit board in the terminal
In the case of, the discharge current can be wrapped via the discharge prevention plate to charger backplate transmission described in step 1020
It includes: the discharge current is successively transmitted via the discharge prevention plate and the second circuit board to the charger backplate.
Correspondingly, provided in an embodiment of the present invention that the method that terminal is discharged may also include that the discharge current via described
Charger backplate is transmitted to the first circuit board.
Figure 11 is the flow chart for the method that a kind of pair of terminal provided in an embodiment of the present invention is discharged.Wherein, terminal can
Think the terminal with charge protector shown in discharge protection circuit shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6.Referring to Fig.1 1, the embodiment of the present invention
The method that a kind of pair of terminal provided is discharged can include:
Step 1110, the first discharge current from battery core is transmitted to charger backplate;
Step 1120, first discharge current is transmitted via the charger backplate to first circuit board;
Step 1130, the second discharge current from the battery core is transmitted to discharge prevention plate;
Step 1140, second discharge current is transmitted via the discharge prevention plate to second circuit board.
In charging method provided in an embodiment of the present invention, the battery component of terminal includes battery core, for charge protection
Charger backplate and discharge prevention plate for discharge prevention, the battery core are protected with the charger backplate and the electric discharge respectively
Backplate connection, in the case where charging to the battery component, charging current bypasses the discharge prevention plate, and via institute
Charger backplate is stated into the battery core.In this way, by two mutually independent charger backplates of setting and discharge prevention plate, it can
To guarantee that the charging current for entering terminal need to only reach the charger backplate for charge protection, protected without reaching for discharging
The discharge prevention plate of shield, can so shorten the access of charging current transmission, and then can reduce access heating loss.
Meanwhile during discharge, two kinds of discharge currents: the first discharge current and the second electric discharge electricity can be flowed out from battery core
Stream, each power elements of first discharge current via the charger backplate on first circuit board, the second discharge current warp
From each power elements of the discharge prevention plate on second circuit board.In this way, first circuit board and second can be given respectively
Circuit board is powered, and is further reduced the thermal losses of supply access.
It is to be understood that all parts that method shown in Fig. 9-11 is related to can refer to and be described above, this will not be repeated here.
It should be understood by those skilled in the art that, the embodiment of the present invention can provide as method, apparatus or computer program
Product.Therefore, complete hardware embodiment, complete software embodiment or reality combining software and hardware aspects can be used in the present invention
Apply the form of example.Moreover, it wherein includes the computer of computer usable program code that the present invention, which can be used in one or more,
The computer program implemented in usable storage medium (including but not limited to magnetic disk storage, CD-ROM, optical memory etc.) produces
The form of product.
The present invention be referring to according to the method for the embodiment of the present invention, the process of equipment (system) and computer program product
Figure and/or block diagram describe.It should be understood that every one stream in flowchart and/or the block diagram can be realized by computer program instructions
The combination of process and/or box in journey and/or box and flowchart and/or the block diagram.It can provide these computer programs
Instruct the processor of general purpose computer, special purpose computer, Embedded Processor or other programmable data processing devices to produce
A raw machine, so that being generated by the instruction that computer or the processor of other programmable data processing devices execute for real
The device for the function of being specified in present one or more flows of the flowchart and/or one or more blocks of the block diagram.
These computer program instructions, which may also be stored in, is able to guide computer or other programmable data processing devices with spy
Determine in the computer-readable memory that mode works, so that it includes referring to that instruction stored in the computer readable memory, which generates,
Enable the manufacture of device, the command device realize in one box of one or more flows of the flowchart and/or block diagram or
The function of being specified in multiple boxes.
These computer program instructions also can be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device, so that counting
Series of operation steps are executed on calculation machine or other programmable devices to generate computer implemented processing, thus in computer or
The instruction executed on other programmable devices is provided for realizing in one or more flows of the flowchart and/or block diagram one
The step of function of being specified in a box or multiple boxes.
In a typical configuration, calculating equipment includes one or more processors (CPU), input/output interface, net
Network interface and memory.
Memory may include the non-volatile memory in computer-readable medium, random access memory (RAM) and/or
The forms such as Nonvolatile memory, such as read-only memory (ROM) or flash memory (flash RAM).Memory is computer-readable medium
Example.
Computer-readable medium includes permanent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media can be by any method
Or technology come realize information store.Information can be computer readable instructions, data structure, the module of program or other data.
The example of the storage medium of computer includes, but are not limited to phase change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), moves
State random access memory (DRAM), other kinds of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electric erasable
Programmable read only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory techniques, read-only disc read only memory (CD-ROM) (CD-ROM),
Digital versatile disc (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, tape magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices
Or any other non-transmission medium, can be used for storage can be accessed by a computing device information.As defined in this article, it calculates
Machine readable medium does not include temporary computer readable media (transitory media), such as the data-signal and carrier wave of modulation.
It should also be noted that, the terms "include", "comprise" or its any other variant are intended to nonexcludability
It include so that the process, method, commodity or the equipment that include a series of elements not only include those elements, but also to wrap
Include other elements that are not explicitly listed, or further include for this process, method, commodity or equipment intrinsic want
Element.In the absence of more restrictions, the element limited by sentence "including a ...", it is not excluded that including described want
There is also other identical elements in the process, method of element, commodity or equipment.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiment of the present invention can provide as method, system or computer program product.
Therefore, complete hardware embodiment, complete software embodiment or embodiment combining software and hardware aspects can be used in the present invention
Form.It is deposited moreover, the present invention can be used to can be used in the computer that one or more wherein includes computer usable program code
The shape for the computer program product implemented on storage media (including but not limited to magnetic disk storage, CD-ROM, optical memory etc.)
Formula.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to restrict the invention.For those skilled in the art
For, the invention may be variously modified and varied.All any modifications made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are equal
Replacement, improvement etc., should be included within scope of the presently claimed invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of battery component, which is characterized in that including battery core, charger backplate and discharge prevention plate, the battery core has the
One anode ear, the first negative electrode lug, the second anode ear and the second negative electrode lug, the battery core pass through first anode ear and described the
One negative electrode lug is connect with the charger backplate, the battery core by second anode ear and second negative electrode lug with it is described
The connection of discharge prevention plate;First anode ear and first negative electrode lug are all set in the close charging interface of the battery core
Side, the charger backplate are connect with the battery core and the charging interface respectively.
2. battery component according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the charger backplate include the first control module and
First control Metal-Oxide Semiconductor field effect transistor M OSFET, wherein first control module and first control
MOSFET connection processed, first control module have charge protection control function, and the first control MOSFET has charging
Access control function.
3. battery component according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the discharge prevention plate include the second control module and
Second control MOSFET, wherein second control module is connect with the second control MOSFET, second control module
With discharge prevention control function, the second control MOSFET has discharge path control function.
4. battery component according to claim 2, which is characterized in that first control module also has discharge prevention control
Function processed, the first control MOSFET include having the first object MOSFET of charging path control function and having electric discharge logical
Second target MOSFET, the first object MOSFET of road control function is connected with the second target MOSFET.
5. battery component according to claim 3, which is characterized in that second control module also has charge protection control
Function processed, the second control MOSFET include having the third target MOSFET of charging path control function and having electric discharge logical
4th target MOSFET of road control function, the third target MOSFET are connected with the 4th target MOSFET.
6. battery component according to claim 3, which is characterized in that second control module has short-circuit self- recoverage function
Energy.
7. a kind of terminal, which is characterized in that including battery component according to any one of claim 1 to 6.
8. terminal according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the terminal further includes voltameter, and the voltameter includes
Charging current acquisition module and discharge current acquisition module;
The charger backplate further includes the first sampling resistor, and the discharge prevention plate further includes the second sampling resistor;
The charging current acquisition module is connected with the both ends of first sampling resistor, the discharge current acquisition module with
The both ends of second sampling resistor are connected.
9. terminal according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the terminal further includes first circuit board and second circuit
Plate, the charging interface are arranged on the first circuit board;
The charger backplate is connect with the first circuit board, and the discharge prevention plate is connect with the second circuit board.
10. terminal according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the terminal further includes first circuit board and second circuit
Plate, the charging interface are arranged on the first circuit board;
The charger backplate is integrated on the first circuit board, and the discharge prevention plate is integrated in the second circuit board
On.
Priority Applications (2)
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CN201910098572.0A CN109830766A (en) | 2019-01-31 | 2019-01-31 | Battery component and terminal |
PCT/CN2020/072757 WO2020156240A1 (en) | 2019-01-31 | 2020-01-17 | Battery assembly and terminal |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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CN201910098572.0A CN109830766A (en) | 2019-01-31 | 2019-01-31 | Battery component and terminal |
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CN115275365A (en) * | 2019-09-25 | 2022-11-01 | 荣耀终端有限公司 | Battery module, charging module and electronic equipment supporting high-power quick charging |
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CN111082493B (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2024-05-24 | Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 | Terminal Equipment |
CN113764833A (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2021-12-07 | 东莞新能德科技有限公司 | Battery and electronic device |
CN112671061A (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2021-04-16 | 维沃移动通信有限公司 | Battery protection board control system and terminal |
CN112671061B (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2024-07-23 | 维沃移动通信有限公司 | Battery protection board control system and terminal |
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