CN109829221A - A kind of simulative optimization method, computer readable storage medium, the computer equipment of automobile high efficiency rotary drive motor - Google Patents

A kind of simulative optimization method, computer readable storage medium, the computer equipment of automobile high efficiency rotary drive motor Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109829221A
CN109829221A CN201910064826.7A CN201910064826A CN109829221A CN 109829221 A CN109829221 A CN 109829221A CN 201910064826 A CN201910064826 A CN 201910064826A CN 109829221 A CN109829221 A CN 109829221A
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electric machine
rotating electric
parameter
motor
virtual rotating
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CN201910064826.7A
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刘贵生
吕佳明
刘志钢
吴庆国
吕学文
许嘉慧
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Beidou Aerospace Automobile Beijing Co Ltd
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Beidou Aerospace Automobile Beijing Co Ltd
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Abstract

The present invention relates to simulative optimization method, computer readable storage medium, the computer equipments of a kind of automobile high efficiency rotary drive motor, this method comprises: providing virtual rotating electric machine;Load test and no-load test are carried out to virtual rotating electric machine respectively, and obtain copper loss data and core loss value;Whether the copper loss data for judging virtual rotating electric machine and the core loss value of virtual rotating electric machine approach;It is rotated under default load if so, simulating virtual rotating electric machine;Extract torque data of the virtual rotating electric machine under default load;Judge whether torque data of the virtual rotating electric machine under default load meets the requirements, if so, saving virtual rotating electric machine.The present invention searches motor peak efficiency by the angle of the loss of electric machine, and using the corresponding parameter of electric machine of simulation software assessment maximum efficiency, for producing in enormous quantities.

Description

A kind of simulative optimization method of automobile high efficiency rotary drive motor, computer can Read storage medium, computer equipment
Technical field
The present invention relates to rotating electric machine design field more particularly to a kind of automobile high efficiency rotary drive motors Simulative optimization method, computer readable storage medium, computer equipment.
Background technique
The efficiency of motor is always the content that industrial circle is paid attention to, and exploitation high efficiency motor becomes the demand of industry, developing In the stage, improving efficiency as important evaluation criteria is indispensable a part.
Under the premise of size is fixed, obtains the peak efficiency of motor and run in rated point, mass energy can be saved.
However, the conventional motors design only efficiency under motor from the viewpoint of input and output, passes through input work Rate and output power ratio determine efficiency, and the efficiency obtained in this way is not optimized.
Therefore it provides a kind of simulative optimization method of automobile high efficiency rotary drive motor, computer-readable storage medium Matter, computer equipment.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above problems, it proposes on the present invention overcomes the above problem or at least be partially solved in order to provide one kind Simulative optimization method, computer readable storage medium, the computer equipment of the automobile high efficiency rotary drive motor of problem are stated, It solves using inputoutput data the deficiency for determining efficiency, proposes that new loss determines method, realize that electric efficiency is efficient The accurate evaluation of point.
According to an aspect of the present invention, a kind of simulative optimization method of automobile high efficiency rotary drive motor is provided, Include:
Virtual rotating electric machine is provided;
Load test and no-load test are carried out to virtual rotating electric machine respectively, and obtain copper loss data and core loss value;
Whether the copper loss data for judging virtual rotating electric machine and the core loss value of virtual rotating electric machine approach;
It is rotated under default load if so, simulating virtual rotating electric machine;
Extract torque data of the virtual rotating electric machine under default load;
Judge whether torque data of the virtual rotating electric machine under default load meets the requirements, if so, saving virtual rotation Rotating motor.
Further, the simulative optimization method of automobile high efficiency rotary drive motor, further includes:
Virtual rotating electric machine is constructed based on practical rotating electric machine parameter;
The machine winding parameter in practical rotating electric machine parameter is adjusted, multiple exchanges are loaded to virtual rotating electric machine and drive electricity Pressure carries out load test, and calculates its multiple copper loss data under the driving of each AC drive voltage, further according to multiple copper loss numbers According to drafting voltage-copper loss curve;
Machine winding parameter, motor stator core parameter and the rotor core parameter in practical rotating electric machine parameter are adjusted, Multiple AC drive voltages are loaded to virtual rotating electric machine and carry out no-load test, and calculate it under the driving of each AC drive voltage Multiple core loss values, further according to multiple core loss values draw voltage-copper loss curve;
According to the adjustment back spin of voltage-copper loss curve and voltage-iron loss curve acquisition copper loss data and core loss value when close Rotating motor parameter;
It is rotated under default load according to the virtual rotating electric machine of rotating electric machine parameter simulation after adjustment;
Judge whether torque data of the virtual rotating electric machine under default load meets and reaches torque data threshold value, if so, Then save rotating electric machine parameter after adjusting.
Further, the copper loss data of the virtual rotating electric machine under multiple AC drive voltages are calculated by the following formula:
Pcu=nI2R
Wherein, PcuFor copper loss data, I is phase current, and R is phase resistance, and n is the number of phases.
Further, it is calculated by the following formula the core loss value of the virtual rotating electric machine under multiple AC drive voltages:
PFe=PFei+PFej
Wherein, PFeFor core loss value, PFeiFor motor teeth portion core loss value, PFejFor motor yoke core loss value,
PFei=Kd*Phei*Gi
PFej=Kd*Phej*Gj
Wherein, PFeiFor motor teeth portion core loss value, PFejFor motor yoke core loss value, pi Fe/50It is in frequency for motor teeth portion Core loss value when 50Hz, pj Fe/50The core loss value for being motor yoke when frequency is 50Hz, BiFor motor teeth portion flux density peak value, BjFor Motor yoke flux density peak value, f frequency, KdFor motor iron loss factor, GiFor motor teeth portion weight, GjFor motor yoke weight.
Further, the machine winding parameter in practical rotating electric machine parameter include winding wire diameter, umber of turn, winding simultaneously Around radical, winding parallel circuitry number, winding overhang length parameter.
Further, motor stator core parameter and rotor core parameter include motor stator core axial length and motor Rotor core axial length.
Further, the machine winding parameter in practical rotating electric machine parameter, motor stator core parameter are being adjusted and is being turned Sub- iron core parameter, in the core loss value for calculating the virtual rotating electric machine under multiple AC drive voltages, when motor is magneto, Also adjust pole embrace, magnet thickness, magnet steel area and the silicon steel material parameter of permanent magnet.
Further, the machine winding parameter in practical rotating electric machine parameter, motor stator core parameter are being adjusted and is being turned Sub- iron core parameter, in the core loss value for calculating the virtual rotating electric machine under multiple AC drive voltages, when motor is cage-type induction When machine, the overall dimension parameter of rotor slot is also adjusted.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a kind of computer readable storage medium is provided, computer program is stored thereon with, It realizes when the program is executed by processor such as the step of the above method.
According to another aspect of the invention, a kind of computer equipment is provided, including memory, processor and is stored in storage On device and the computer program that can run on a processor, the processor realize the step such as the above method when executing described program Suddenly.
The present invention has the advantage that compared with prior art
The simulative optimization method of automobile high efficiency rotary drive motor of the invention, computer readable storage medium, meter It calculates machine equipment and searches motor peak efficiency by the angle of the loss of electric machine, and is corresponding using simulation software assessment maximum efficiency The parameter of electric machine, with for producing in enormous quantities.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with drawings and examples, the invention will be further described.
Fig. 1 is the simulative optimization method and step figure of automobile high efficiency rotary drive motor of the invention;
Fig. 2 is voltage of the invention-copper loss curve, voltage-iron loss curve and total losses curve synoptic diagram;
Fig. 3 is the simulative optimization method applicating flow chart of automobile high efficiency rotary drive motor of the invention;
Fig. 4 is computer equipment structure chart of the invention.
Specific embodiment
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are described in more detail below with reference to accompanying drawings.Although showing the disclosure in attached drawing Exemplary embodiment, it being understood, however, that may be realized in various forms the disclosure without should be by embodiments set forth here It is limited.On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to facilitate a more thoroughly understanding of the present invention, and can be by the scope of the present disclosure It is fully disclosed to those skilled in the art.
Those skilled in the art of the present technique are appreciated that unless expressly stated, singular " one " used herein, " one It is a ", " described " and "the" may also comprise plural form.It is to be further understood that being arranged used in specification of the invention Diction " comprising " refer to that there are the feature, integer, step, operation, element and/or component, but it is not excluded that in the presence of or addition Other one or more features, integer, step, operation, element, component and/or their group.
Those skilled in the art of the present technique are appreciated that unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including technology art Language and scientific term), there is meaning identical with the general understanding of those of ordinary skill in fields of the present invention.Should also Understand, those terms such as defined in the general dictionary, it should be understood that have in the context of the prior art The consistent meaning of meaning, and unless otherwise will not be explained in an idealized or overly formal meaning by specific definitions.
Fig. 1 is the simulative optimization method and step figure of automobile high efficiency rotary drive motor of the invention, referring to Fig. 1, originally The simulative optimization method of the automobile high efficiency rotary drive motor provided is provided, comprising:
S110 provides virtual rotating electric machine;
S120 carries out load test and no-load test to virtual rotating electric machine respectively, and obtains copper loss data and core loss value;
Whether S130, the copper loss data for judging virtual rotating electric machine and the core loss value of virtual rotating electric machine approach;
S140 is rotated under default load if so, simulating virtual rotating electric machine;
S150 extracts torque data of the virtual rotating electric machine under default load;
S160, judges whether torque data of the virtual rotating electric machine under default load meets the requirements, if so, saving empty Quasi- rotating electric machine.
The simulative optimization method of automobile high efficiency rotary drive motor of the invention, computer readable storage medium, meter It calculates machine equipment and searches motor peak efficiency by the angle of the loss of electric machine, and is corresponding using simulation software assessment maximum efficiency The parameter of electric machine, with for producing in enormous quantities.
Herein, it is calculated by the following formula motor torque:
T=9550*P/n
Wherein, T is motor torque, and unit Nm, P are power, and unit KW, n are revolving speed, unit r/min.
Further, the simulative optimization method of automobile high efficiency rotary drive motor, further includes:
Virtual rotating electric machine is constructed based on practical rotating electric machine parameter;
The machine winding parameter in practical rotating electric machine parameter is adjusted, multiple exchanges are loaded to virtual rotating electric machine and drive electricity Pressure carries out load test, and calculates its multiple copper loss data under the driving of each AC drive voltage, further according to multiple copper loss numbers According to drafting voltage-copper loss curve, wherein multiple exchanges when motor is threephase asynchronous machine, to the load of virtual rotating electric machine Driving voltage can be 220V, 380V, 550V etc., also, to the machine winding parameter adjustment one in practical rotating electric machine parameter It is secondary to obtain a voltage-copper loss curve, such as the curve 2 in Fig. 2;
Machine winding parameter, motor stator core parameter and the rotor core parameter in practical rotating electric machine parameter are adjusted, Multiple AC drive voltages are loaded to virtual rotating electric machine and carry out no-load test, and calculate it under the driving of each AC drive voltage Multiple core loss values, further according to multiple core loss values draw voltage-copper loss curve, wherein to the electricity in practical rotating electric machine parameter Machine winding parameter, motor stator core parameter and the adjustment of rotor core parameter can once obtain a voltage-iron loss curve, such as scheme Curve 3 in 2;
According to the adjustment back spin of voltage-copper loss curve and voltage-iron loss curve acquisition copper loss data and core loss value when close Rotating motor parameter herein can be according to voltage-copper loss curve and voltage-iron loss Drawing of Curve total losses curve, in Fig. 2 Curve 1, corresponding copper loss curve point and iron loss curve point when copper loss data and close core loss value are found out in total losses curve, To obtain rotating electric machine parameter after adjustment;
It is rotated under default load according to the virtual rotating electric machine of rotating electric machine parameter simulation after adjustment;
Judge whether torque data of the virtual rotating electric machine under default load meets and reaches torque data threshold value, if so, Then save rotating electric machine parameter after adjusting.
Specifically, when constructing virtual rotating electric machine, joined according to electric machine rotor internal-and external diameter, axial length, gas length etc. Number constructs virtual rotating electric machine, for example, can the rotating electric machine according to specified in machinery industry standard JB T 10391-2002 Y Parameter constructs virtual rotating electric machine.
When adjusting the machine winding parameter in practical rotating electric machine parameter, adjustment machine winding parameter, specifically include around Group line footpath, umber of turn, winding and around radical, winding parallel circuitry number, winding overhang length parameter.
When calculating the copper loss data of the virtual rotating electric machine under multiple AC drive voltages, there is following two mode:
The first, is calculated by the following formula the copper loss data of the virtual rotating electric machine under multiple AC drive voltages:
Pcu=nI2R
Wherein, PcuFor copper loss data, I is phase current, and R is phase resistance, and n is the number of phases.
It is second, automatic to calculate copper loss data and read.
Adjusting machine winding parameter, motor stator core parameter and rotor core parameter in practical rotating electric machine parameter When, motor stator core parameter and rotor core parameter specifically include motor stator core axial length and motor rotor core axis To length;When motor is magneto, pole embrace, magnet thickness, magnet steel area and the silicon steel sheet material of permanent magnet are also adjusted Expect parameter;When motor is cage-type induction machine, the overall dimension parameter of rotor slot is also adjusted.
When calculating the core loss value of the virtual rotating electric machine under multiple AC drive voltages, there is following two mode:
The first, determines iron loss numerical value by obtaining stator core teeth portion flux density and yoke portion flux density peak value.Determine tooth, yoke Iron loss factor-determines tooth, yoke consumption value --- determine iron loss, specific as follows:
It is calculated by the following formula the core loss value of the virtual rotating electric machine under multiple AC drive voltages:
PFe=PFei+PFej
Wherein, PFeFor core loss value, PFeiFor motor teeth portion core loss value, PFejFor motor yoke core loss value,
PFei=Kd*Phei*Gi
PFej=Kd*Phej*Gj
Wherein, PFeiFor motor teeth portion core loss value, PFejFor motor yoke core loss value, pi Fe/50It is in frequency for motor teeth portion Core loss value when 50Hz, pj Fe/50The core loss value for being motor yoke when frequency is 50Hz, BiFor motor teeth portion flux density peak value, BjFor Motor yoke flux density peak value, f frequency, KdFor motor iron loss factor, GiFor motor teeth portion weight, GjFor motor yoke weight.
Wherein, KdValue it is as shown in table 1.
Table 1
Second, core loss value is directly read, which includes the sum of teeth portion and yoke portion core loss value of stator core.
After adjustment when close according to voltage-copper loss curve and voltage-iron loss curve acquisition copper loss data and core loss value When rotating electric machine parameter, there are two types of situations:
The first, copper loss data are equal with core loss value;
Second, since there are parameter limitation, to be unable to reach copper loss data equal with core loss value, take copper loss data and The similar point substitution of core loss value.Wherein, the limiting factor of copper loss data include: motor stator copper factor, every line of rabbet joint diameter, the number of turns, And around radical;The limiting factor of core loss value includes: revolving speed, motor stator teeth portion flux density, yoke portion flux density, silicon steel material.
Judge torque data of the virtual rotating electric machine under default load whether meet reach torque data threshold value when, turn Square data specifically include torque, power factor, torque pulsation situation, depending on torque data threshold value is by rotating electric machine user demand.
The simulative optimization method of automobile high efficiency rotary drive motor of the invention further include: when virtual rotating electric machine When the core loss value of copper loss data and virtual rotating electric machine is kept off, rotating electric machine parameter is adjusted.
The simulative optimization method of automobile high efficiency rotary drive motor of the invention further include: when virtual rotating electric machine exists When torque data under default load is undesirable, rotating electric machine parameter is adjusted.
Fig. 3 is the simulative optimization method applicating flow chart of automobile high efficiency rotary drive motor of the invention, referring to figure 3, electric machine structure supplemental characteristic is inputted, virtual motor is constructed;The machine winding parameter in electric machine structure parameter is adjusted, is adjusted with obtaining Virtual motor after whole;Load test is carried out according to virtual motor adjusted, obtains copper wastage data;Adjust electric machine structure Motor iron loss parameter in parameter, to obtain secondary virtual motor adjusted;It is carried out according to secondary virtual motor adjusted No-load test obtains motor core loss value;Judge whether copper wastage data are equal or close with motor core loss value;If equal or phase Closely, then load test is carried out according to secondary virtual motor adjusted, obtains torque data;Judge whether torque data is up to standard; If so, saving secondary virtual motor adjusted, and high-volume life is carried out according to the parameter of secondary virtual motor adjusted It produces.
The present invention also provides a kind of computer readable storage mediums, are stored thereon with computer program, and the program is processed It realizes when device executes such as the step of the above method.
Fig. 4 is computer equipment structure chart of the invention, referring to fig. 4, computer equipment provided by the invention, including storage Device 401, processor 402 and it is stored in the computer program that can be run on memory 401 and on the processor 402, the processing Device 402 realizes the step in above-mentioned each IPR licensing embodiment of the method based on Internet of Things when executing the computer program Suddenly, such as S110 shown in FIG. 1, virtual rotating electric machine is provided;S120 simulates virtual rotating electric machine and carries out load test;S130, Extract the copper loss data of virtual rotating electric machine;S140 simulates virtual rotating electric machine and carries out no-load test;S150 extracts virtual rotation The core loss value of rotating motor;Whether S160, the copper loss data for judging virtual rotating electric machine and the core loss value of virtual rotating electric machine approach; S170 is rotated under default load if so, simulating virtual rotating electric machine;S180 extracts virtual rotating electric machine default Torque data under load;S190, judges whether torque data of the virtual rotating electric machine under default load meets the requirements, if It is then to save virtual rotating electric machine.
The computer equipment can be the calculating such as desktop PC, notebook, palm PC and cloud server and set It is standby.The computer equipment may include, but be not limited only to, processor, memory.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that described Schematic diagram 4 be only computer equipment example, do not constitute the restriction to computer equipment, may include than illustrate it is more or Less component perhaps combines certain components or different components, such as the computer equipment can also include that input is defeated Equipment, network access equipment, bus etc. out.
The processor can be central processing unit (Central Processing Unit, CPU), can also be it His general processor, digital signal processor (Digital Signal Processor, DSP), specific integrated circuit (Application Specific Integrated Circuit, ASIC), ready-made programmable gate array (Field- Programmable Gate Array, FPGA) either other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, Discrete hardware components etc..General processor can be microprocessor or the processor is also possible to any conventional processor Deng the processor is the control centre of the computer equipment, utilizes various interfaces and the entire computer equipment of connection Various pieces.
The memory can be used for storing the computer program, and the processor is stored in described by operation or execution Computer program in memory, and the data being stored in memory are called, realize the various function of the computer equipment Energy.The memory can mainly include storing program area and storage data area, wherein storing program area can storage program area, Application program needed at least one function (such as sound-playing function, image player function etc.) etc.;Storage data area can deposit Storage uses created data (such as audio data, phone directory etc.) etc. according to mobile phone.In addition, memory may include high speed Random access memory can also include nonvolatile memory, such as hard disk, memory, plug-in type hard disk, intelligent memory card (Smart Media Card, SMC), secure digital (Secure Digital, SD) card, flash card (Flash Card), at least One disk memory, flush memory device or other volatile solid-state parts.
It will be appreciated by those of skill in the art that although some embodiments in this include included in other embodiments Certain features rather than other feature, but the combination of the feature of different embodiments means to be within the scope of the present invention simultaneously And form different embodiments.For example, in the following claims, the one of any of embodiment claimed all may be used Come in a manner of in any combination using.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than its limitations;Although Present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: it still may be used To modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or equivalent replacement of some of the technical features; And these are modified or replaceed, technical solution of various embodiments of the present invention that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution spirit and Range.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of simulative optimization method of automobile high efficiency rotary drive motor characterized by comprising
Virtual rotating electric machine is provided;
Load test and no-load test are carried out to virtual rotating electric machine respectively, and obtain copper loss data and core loss value;
Whether the copper loss data for judging virtual rotating electric machine and the core loss value of virtual rotating electric machine approach;
It is rotated under default load if so, simulating virtual rotating electric machine;
Extract torque data of the virtual rotating electric machine under default load;
Judge whether torque data of the virtual rotating electric machine under default load meets the requirements, if so, saving virtual electric rotating Machine.
2. the simulative optimization method of automobile high efficiency rotary drive motor according to claim 1, which is characterized in that also Include:
Virtual rotating electric machine is constructed based on practical rotating electric machine parameter;
Adjust the machine winding parameter in practical rotating electric machine parameter, to the multiple AC drive voltages of virtual rotating electric machine load into Row load test, and its multiple copper loss data under the driving of each AC drive voltage is calculated, it is drawn further according to multiple copper loss data Voltage processed-copper loss curve;
Machine winding parameter, motor stator core parameter and the rotor core parameter in practical rotating electric machine parameter are adjusted, to void Quasi- rotating electric machine loads multiple AC drive voltages and carries out no-load test, and it is more under the driving of each AC drive voltage to calculate it A core loss value draws voltage-copper loss curve further according to multiple core loss values;
According to electric rotating after the adjustment of voltage-copper loss curve and voltage-iron loss curve acquisition copper loss data and core loss value when close Machine parameter;
It is rotated under default load according to the virtual rotating electric machine of rotating electric machine parameter simulation after adjustment;
Judge whether torque data of the virtual rotating electric machine under default load meets and reach torque data threshold value, if so, protecting Deposit rotating electric machine parameter after adjusting.
3. the simulative optimization method of automobile high efficiency rotary drive motor according to claim 2, which is characterized in that logical Cross the copper loss data for the virtual rotating electric machine that following formula calculates under multiple AC drive voltages:
Pcu=nI2R
Wherein, PcuFor copper loss data, I is phase current, and R is phase resistance, and n is the number of phases.
4. the simulative optimization method of automobile high efficiency rotary drive motor according to claim 3, which is characterized in that logical Cross the core loss value for the virtual rotating electric machine that following formula calculates under multiple AC drive voltages:
PFe=PFei+PFej
Wherein, PFeFor core loss value, PFeiFor motor teeth portion core loss value, PFejFor motor yoke core loss value,
PFei=Kd*Phei*Gi
PFej=Kd*Phej*Gj
Wherein, PFeiFor motor teeth portion core loss value, PFejFor motor yoke core loss value, pi Fe/50It in frequency is 50Hz for motor teeth portion When core loss value, pj Fe/50The core loss value for being motor yoke when frequency is 50Hz, BiFor motor teeth portion flux density peak value, BjFor motor Yoke portion flux density peak value, f frequency, KdFor motor iron loss factor, GiFor motor teeth portion weight, GjFor motor yoke weight.
5. the simulative optimization method of automobile high efficiency rotary drive motor according to claim 4, which is characterized in that real Machine winding parameter in the rotating electric machine parameter of border includes winding wire diameter, umber of turn, winding and around radical, winding parallel branch Number, winding overhang length parameter.
6. the simulative optimization method of automobile high efficiency rotary drive motor according to claim 5, which is characterized in that electricity Machine stator iron core parameter and rotor core parameter include motor stator core axial length and motor rotor core axial length.
7. the simulative optimization method of automobile high efficiency rotary drive motor according to claim 6, which is characterized in that Machine winding parameter, motor stator core parameter and the rotor core parameter in practical rotating electric machine parameter are adjusted, is calculated multiple In the core loss value of virtual rotating electric machine under AC drive voltage, when motor is magneto, the polar arc of permanent magnet is also adjusted Coefficient, magnet thickness, magnet steel area and silicon steel material parameter.
8. the simulative optimization method of automobile high efficiency rotary drive motor according to claim 7, which is characterized in that Machine winding parameter, motor stator core parameter and the rotor core parameter in practical rotating electric machine parameter are adjusted, is calculated multiple In the core loss value of virtual rotating electric machine under AC drive voltage, when motor is cage-type induction machine, rotor slot is also adjusted Overall dimension parameter.
9. a kind of computer readable storage medium, is stored thereon with computer program, which is characterized in that the program is held by processor It is realized when row such as the step of any one of claim 1-8 the method.
10. a kind of computer equipment including memory, processor and stores the meter that can be run on a memory and on a processor Calculation machine program, which is characterized in that the processor is realized when executing described program such as any one of claim 1-8 the method Step.
CN201910064826.7A 2019-01-23 2019-01-23 A kind of simulative optimization method, computer readable storage medium, the computer equipment of automobile high efficiency rotary drive motor Pending CN109829221A (en)

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Application publication date: 20190531