CN109824509B - Method for extracting linoleic acid from achyranthes bidentata leaves - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for extracting linoleic acid from achyranthes bidentata leaves, belonging to the technical field of extraction of linoleic acid. The technical scheme provided by the invention has the key points that: drying and crushing achyranthes bidentata leaves, leaching by normal hexane, saponifying, and carrying out urea inclusion at low temperature to obtain linoleic acid. The method for extracting linoleic acid from achyranthes bidentata leaves, provided by the invention, has the advantages of simple operation, good extraction rate of linoleic acid, low price of used reagents, wide sources and easy obtainment, and provides a new idea for the research of a production process of linoleic acid and the development and utilization of achyranthes bidentata leaves.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of extraction of linoleic acid, and particularly relates to a method for extracting linoleic acid from achyranthes bidentata leaves.
Background
A plurality of research data show that linoleic acid can obviously reduce the blood fat level, soften middle and small blood vessels, relieve blood pressure, increase blood circulation, indirectly recover nerve function and the like, can reduce the disease rate of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and has positive significance for preventing and treating diseases such as coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis, senile obesity and the like.
A great deal of research finds that the achyranthes bidentata is rich in components such as triterpenoid saponins, polysaccharides and alkaloids, and recent research shows that the achyranthes bidentata is rich in oil components. Achyranthes belongs to amaranthaceae, is a perennial herb, is one of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials commonly used in China, and is mainly planted in Henan and Sichuan. In order to further explore the practical value of the achyranthes bidentata leaves, a method for extracting linoleic acid, which is simple to operate and high in efficiency, needs to be provided.
Linoleic acid is an unsaturated fatty acid, and the extraction method is more, wherein the urea inclusion method is widely applied because of simple equipment, simple and easy operation, easy learning, lower cost and higher purity of the obtained unsaturated fatty acid. In addition, the urea inclusion method is operated at low temperature, can maximally preserve the biological activity of the linoleic acid, and cannot lose the nutrition and the physiological activity of the linoleic acid due to isomerization and polymerization. Therefore, the urea inclusion method is an ideal method for large-scale separation and purification of linoleic acid.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention adopts the urea inclusion method to extract the linoleic acid from the achyranthes bidentata leaves for the first time, has the advantages of simple operation, good extraction rate, high purity and the like, widens the research range of the achyranthes bidentata leaves, and provides a new idea for the deep development of the achyranthes bidentata leaves.
In order to realize the purpose of extracting linoleic acid, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the method for extracting linoleic acid from achyranthes bidentata leaves is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
step S1: drying and crushing achyranthes bidentata leaves into achyranthes bidentata leaf powder, adding n-hexane into the achyranthes bidentata leaf powder according to the ratio of 1g to 3-8 mL of the achyranthes bidentata leaf powder to the n-hexane feed liquid, leaching at 40-60 ℃ for 1-5 h, repeatedly extracting for 1-3 times, and distilling the filtrate under reduced pressure to remove the solvent n-hexane to obtain the mixed oil of the achyranthes bidentata leaves;
step S2: taking the mixed grease leached in the step S1, and mixing the mixed grease with NaOH-C2H5Adding NaOH-C into OH solution with the ratio of 1g to 2-4 mL2H5Reacting the OH solution in a water bath at 75-85 ℃ for 1.5-3 h, adjusting the pH value of the mixed system to 1-3 by using a hydrochloric acid solution, uniformly stirring, separating an oil layer, adding 10 times of the sample amount of the oil layer for extraction, washing with water to be neutral, distilling under reduced pressure to remove a solvent n-hexane, adding a drying agent for dehydration and drying to obtain a mixed fatty acid;
step S3: heating ethanol to 70 ℃, adding urea while stirring, and completely dissolving urea in ethanol to obtain a urea-ethanol solution;
step S4: adding the mixed fatty acid obtained in the step S2 into the urea-ethanol solution obtained in the step S3 according to the mass ratio of 1-3: 1 of urea to the mixed fatty acid, maintaining the temperature at 75-85 ℃, carrying out reflux stirring for 30-70 min, stopping heating after the mixture becomes clear and transparent, and continuing stirring and cooling to room temperature;
step S5: clathrating for 5-25 h at-10-5 ℃, filtering and separating the obtained urea clathration mixture, and washing crystals with petroleum ether to obtain filtrate;
step S6: and (4) adding petroleum ether and dilute alkali liquor into the filtrate obtained in the step (S5), extracting to obtain an organic phase, washing the organic phase to be neutral, drying by using a drying agent, and removing the petroleum ether by rotary evaporation to obtain linoleic acid.
Preferably, the feed-liquid ratio of the achyranthes bidentata leaf powder to n-hexane in the step S1 is 1g to 6 mL.
Preferably, the leaching temperature in the step S1 is 50 ℃, the leaching time is 2 hours, and the extraction is repeated for 2 times.
Preferably, the concentration of the urea-ethanol solution in the step S3 is 50-300 g/L.
Preferably, the concentration of the urea-ethanol solution in the step S3 is 100 g/L.
Preferably, the mass ratio of urea to mixed fatty acid in the urea-ethanol solution in step S4 is 2: 1.
Preferably, the urea inclusion process in step S5 is performed at-5 deg.C for 24 h.
Preferably, the drying agents in steps S2 and S6 are anhydrous sodium sulfate.
Preferably, the volume ratio of the filtrate, the petroleum ether and the dilute alkali liquor in the step S6 is 1:1:1, wherein the dilute alkali liquor is sodium hydroxide solution.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the achyranthes bidentata Blume leaves are traditional superior products in China, are planted in various places in China, are low in cost and wide in application, and the invention provides a process for extracting linoleic acid from the achyranthes bidentata Blume leaves for the first time, so that the achyranthes bidentata Blume leaves can be fully reused, and a new thought is provided for the research of the achyranthes bidentata Blume leaves;
2. the method for extracting linoleic acid from achyranthes bidentata leaves, provided by the invention, is simple to operate, high in linoleic acid extraction rate, simple and economical in required equipment, low in reagent price, wide in source and easy to obtain.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further specifically described with reference to the following examples, which are intended to illustrate the present invention and not to limit the contents thereof.
Example 1
Step S1: crushing achyranthes bidentata leaves into achyranthes bidentata leaf powder, precisely weighing 50g, adding 300mL of n-hexane solution according to the material-liquid ratio (w/v) of 1g to 6mL, extracting for 4h in a water bath at 50 ℃, repeatedly extracting for 2 times, and performing reduced pressure distillation to recover solvent n-hexane to obtain mixed oil of the achyranthes bidentata leaves;
step S2: adding NaOH-C into the mixed grease extracted in the step S1 according to the material-liquid ratio (w/v) of 1g:4mL2H5Reacting the OH solution in a water bath at 75-85 ℃ for 3 hours, taking out, adding a proper amount of warm water at 50-70 ℃ for dissolving, stirring for 20min, adding a hydrochloric acid solution to adjust the pH value to be an acidic solution with 2, stirring for 15min, separating an oil layer, adding n-hexane with the volume of about 10 times of that of the oil layer for extraction, washing the obtained product to be neutral, distilling under reduced pressure to remove the solvent n-hexane, adding anhydrous sodium sulfate, and drying to obtain mixed fatty acid;
step S3: heating 500mL of ethanol to 70 ℃, adding 50g of urea while stirring, and completely dissolving the urea in the ethanol to obtain a urea-ethanol solution;
step S4: adding the urea-ethanol solution obtained in the step S3 into the mixed fatty acid obtained in the step S2, maintaining the temperature at 70 ℃, refluxing and stirring for 1h, stopping heating after the mixture becomes clear and transparent, and continuously stirring until the mixture is cooled to the room temperature;
step S5: clathrating at-5 deg.C for 24 hr, filtering and separating the obtained urea clathrate mixture, washing crystal with petroleum ether, washing for 2-3 times, and mixing filtrates;
step S6: adding petroleum ether and dilute alkali liquor into the filtrate obtained in the step S5, wherein the volume ratio of the filtrate to the petroleum ether to the dilute alkali liquor is 1:1:1, the dilute alkali liquor is used as an extraction water phase to further remove impurity components in the extraction solution, the dilute alkali liquor is a sodium hydroxide solution, extracting for 2-3 times, collecting an organic phase, washing the organic phase to be neutral, adding 100g of anhydrous sodium sulfate for drying, performing rotary evaporation to remove the petroleum ether to obtain linoleic acid, weighing the rotary evaporated linoleic acid for 2 times, and taking the average value to obtain the quality of the linoleic acid; the mass of the mixed fatty acid can be obtained in step S2, and the yield of linoleic acid is (mass of linoleic acid/mass of mixed fatty acid) × 100%, and the yield of linoleic acid was found to be 18.6% by assay calculation.
Example 2
Step S1: crushing achyranthes bidentata leaves into achyranthes bidentata leaf powder, precisely weighing 50g, adding 150mL of n-hexane solution according to the material-liquid ratio (w/v) of 1g to 3mL, extracting for 2h in a water bath at 50 ℃, repeatedly extracting for 1 time, and performing reduced pressure distillation to recover solvent n-hexane to obtain mixed oil of the achyranthes bidentata leaves;
step S2: adding NaOH-C into the mixed grease extracted in the step S1 according to the material-liquid ratio (w/v) of 1g:4mL2H5Reacting the OH solution in a water bath at 75-85 ℃ for 3 hours, taking out, adding a proper amount of warm water at 50-70 ℃ for dissolving, stirring for 20min, adding a hydrochloric acid solution to adjust the pH value to be an acidic solution with 2, stirring for 15min, separating an oil layer, adding n-hexane with the volume of about 10 times of that of the oil layer for extraction, washing the obtained product to be neutral, distilling under reduced pressure to remove the solvent n-hexane, adding anhydrous sodium sulfate, and drying to obtain mixed fatty acid;
step S3: heating 500mL of ethanol to 70 ℃, adding 50g of urea while stirring, and completely dissolving the urea in the ethanol to obtain a urea-ethanol solution;
step S4: adding the urea-ethanol solution obtained in the step S3 into the mixed fatty acid obtained in the step S2, maintaining the temperature at 70 ℃, refluxing and stirring for 1h, stopping heating after the mixture becomes clear and transparent, and continuously stirring until the mixture is cooled to the room temperature;
step S5: clathrating at-5 deg.C for 24 hr, filtering and separating the obtained urea clathrate mixture, washing crystal with petroleum ether, washing for 2-3 times, and mixing filtrates;
step S6: adding petroleum ether and dilute alkali liquor into the filtrate obtained in the step S5, wherein the volume ratio of the filtrate to the petroleum ether to the dilute alkali liquor is 1:1:1, further removing impurity components in the extracting solution by using the dilute alkali liquor as an extracting water phase, extracting for 2-3 times by using the dilute alkali liquor as a sodium hydroxide solution, collecting an organic phase, washing the organic phase to be neutral, adding 100g of anhydrous sodium sulfate for drying, and removing the petroleum ether by rotary evaporation to obtain linoleic acid; the yield of linoleic acid was calculated in the same manner as in example 1 to obtain a yield of 17.3%.
Example 3
Step S1: crushing achyranthes bidentata leaves into achyranthes bidentata leaf powder, precisely weighing 50g, adding 300mL of n-hexane solution according to the material-liquid ratio (w/v) of 1g to 6mL, extracting for 4h in a water bath at 50 ℃, repeatedly extracting for 2 times, and performing reduced pressure distillation to recover solvent n-hexane to obtain mixed oil of the achyranthes bidentata leaves;
step S2: adding NaOH-C into the mixed grease extracted in the step S1 according to the material-liquid ratio (w/v) of 1g:2mL2H5Reacting the OH solution in a water bath at 75-85 ℃ for 3 hours, taking out, adding a proper amount of warm water at 50-70 ℃ for dissolving, stirring for 20min, adding a hydrochloric acid solution to adjust the pH value to be an acidic solution with 2, stirring for 15min, separating an oil layer, adding n-hexane with the volume of about 10 times of that of the oil layer for extraction, washing the obtained product to be neutral, distilling under reduced pressure to remove the solvent n-hexane, adding anhydrous sodium sulfate, and drying to obtain mixed fatty acid;
step S3: heating 500mL of ethanol to 70 ℃, adding 50g of urea while stirring, and completely dissolving the urea in the ethanol to obtain a urea-ethanol solution;
step S4: adding the urea-ethanol solution obtained in the step S3 into the mixed fatty acid obtained in the step S2, maintaining the temperature at 70 ℃, refluxing and stirring for 1h, stopping heating after the mixture becomes clear and transparent, and continuously stirring until the mixture is cooled to the room temperature;
step S5: clathrating at-5 deg.C for 24 hr, filtering and separating the obtained urea clathrate mixture, washing crystal with petroleum ether, washing for 2-3 times, and mixing filtrates;
step S6: adding petroleum ether and dilute alkali liquor into the filtrate obtained in the step S5, wherein the volume ratio of the filtrate to the petroleum ether to the dilute alkali liquor is 1:1:1, further removing impurity components in the extracting solution by using the dilute alkali liquor as an extracting water phase, extracting for 2-3 times by using the dilute alkali liquor as a sodium hydroxide solution, collecting an organic phase, washing the organic phase to be neutral, adding 100g of anhydrous sodium sulfate for drying, and removing the petroleum ether by rotary evaporation to obtain linoleic acid; the yield of linoleic acid was calculated in the same manner as in example 1 to obtain a yield of 15.6%.
Example 4
Step S1: crushing achyranthes bidentata leaves into achyranthes bidentata leaf powder, precisely weighing 50g, adding 300mL of n-hexane solution according to the material-liquid ratio (w/v) of 1g to 6mL, leaching for 4h in a water bath at 50 ℃, repeatedly extracting for 2 times, and recovering the n-hexane solvent through reduced pressure distillation to obtain mixed oil of the achyranthes bidentata leaves;
step S2: adding NaOH-C into the mixed grease extracted in the step S1 according to the material-liquid ratio (w/v) of 1g:4mL2H5Reacting the OH solution in a water bath at 75-85 ℃ for 3 hours, taking out, adding a proper amount of warm water at 50-70 ℃ for dissolving, stirring for 20min, adding a hydrochloric acid solution to adjust the pH value to be an acidic solution with 2, stirring for 15min, separating an oil layer, adding n-hexane with the volume of about 10 times of that of the oil layer for extraction, washing the obtained product to be neutral, distilling under reduced pressure to remove the solvent n-hexane, adding anhydrous sodium sulfate, and drying to obtain mixed fatty acid;
step S3: heating 500mL of ethanol to 70 ℃, adding 5g of urea while stirring, and completely dissolving the urea in the ethanol to obtain a urea-ethanol solution;
step S4: adding the urea-ethanol solution obtained in the step S3 into the mixed fatty acid obtained in the step S2, maintaining the temperature at 70 ℃, refluxing and stirring for 1h, stopping heating after the mixture becomes clear and transparent, and continuously stirring until the mixture is cooled to the room temperature;
step S5: clathrating at-5 deg.C for 24 hr, filtering and separating the obtained urea clathrate mixture, washing crystal with petroleum ether, washing for 2-3 times, and mixing filtrates;
step S6: adding petroleum ether and dilute alkali liquor into the filtrate obtained in the step S5, wherein the volume ratio of the filtrate to the petroleum ether to the dilute alkali liquor is 1:1:1, further removing impurity components in the extracting solution by using the dilute alkali liquor as an extracting water phase, extracting for 2-3 times by using the dilute alkali liquor as a sodium hydroxide solution, collecting an organic phase, washing the organic phase to be neutral, adding 100g of anhydrous sodium sulfate for drying, and removing the petroleum ether by rotary evaporation to obtain linoleic acid; the yield of linoleic acid was calculated in the same manner as in example 1 to obtain a yield of 14.4%.
Example 5
Step S1: crushing achyranthes bidentata leaves into achyranthes bidentata leaf powder, precisely weighing 50g, adding 300mL of n-hexane solution according to the material-liquid ratio (w/v) of 1g to 6mL, extracting for 4h in a water bath at 50 ℃, repeatedly extracting for 2 times, and distilling under reduced pressure to recover a solvent to obtain mixed oil of the achyranthes bidentata leaves;
step S2: adding NaOH-C into the mixed grease extracted in the step S1 according to the material-liquid ratio (w/v) of 1g:4mL2H5Reacting the OH solution in a water bath at 75-85 ℃ for 3 hours, taking out, adding a proper amount of warm water at 50-70 ℃ for dissolving, stirring for 20min, adding a hydrochloric acid solution to adjust the pH value to be an acidic solution with 2, stirring for 15min, separating an oil layer, adding n-hexane with the volume of about 10 times of that of the oil layer for extraction, washing the obtained product to be neutral, distilling under reduced pressure to remove the solvent n-hexane, adding anhydrous sodium sulfate, and drying to obtain mixed fatty acid;
step S3: heating 500mL of ethanol to 70 ℃, adding 5g of urea while stirring, and completely dissolving the urea in the ethanol to obtain a urea-ethanol solution;
step S4: adding the urea-ethanol solution obtained in the step S3 into the mixed fatty acid obtained in the step S2, maintaining the temperature at 70 ℃, refluxing and stirring for 1h, stopping heating after the mixture becomes clear and transparent, and continuously stirring until the mixture is cooled to the room temperature;
step S5: clathrating at 5 deg.C for 24 hr, filtering and separating the obtained urea clathrate mixture, washing crystal with petroleum ether, washing for 2-3 times, and mixing filtrates;
step S6: adding petroleum ether and dilute alkali liquor into the filtrate obtained in the step S5, wherein the volume ratio of the filtrate to the petroleum ether to the dilute alkali liquor is 1:1:1, further removing impurity components in the extracting solution by using the dilute alkali liquor as an extracting water phase, extracting for 2-3 times by using the dilute alkali liquor as a sodium hydroxide solution, collecting an organic phase, washing the organic phase to be neutral, adding 100g of anhydrous sodium sulfate for drying, and removing the petroleum ether by rotary evaporation to obtain linoleic acid; the yield of linoleic acid was calculated in the same manner as in example 1 to obtain a yield of 15.1%.
Example 6
Step S1: crushing achyranthes bidentata leaves into achyranthes bidentata leaf powder, precisely weighing 50g, adding 300mL of n-hexane solution according to the material-liquid ratio (w/v) of 1g to 6mL, extracting for 4h in a water bath at 50 ℃, repeatedly extracting for 2 times, and performing reduced pressure distillation to recover solvent n-hexane to obtain mixed oil of the achyranthes bidentata leaves;
step S2: adding NaOH-C into the mixed grease extracted in the step S1 according to the material-liquid ratio (w/v) of 1g:4mL2H5Reacting the OH solution in a water bath at 75-85 ℃ for 3 hours, taking out, adding a proper amount of warm water at 50-70 ℃ for dissolving, stirring for 20min, adding a hydrochloric acid solution to adjust the pH value to be an acidic solution with 2, stirring for 15min, separating an oil layer, adding n-hexane with the volume of about 10 times of that of the oil layer for extraction, washing the obtained product to be neutral, distilling under reduced pressure to remove the solvent n-hexane, adding anhydrous sodium sulfate, and drying to obtain mixed fatty acid;
step S3: heating 500mL of ethanol to 70 ℃, adding 5g of urea while stirring, and completely dissolving the urea in the ethanol to obtain a urea-ethanol solution;
step S4: adding the urea-ethanol solution obtained in the step S3 into the mixed fatty acid obtained in the step S2, maintaining the temperature at 70 ℃, refluxing and stirring for 1h, stopping heating after the mixture becomes clear and transparent, and continuously stirring until the mixture is cooled to the room temperature;
step S5: clathrating at-5 deg.C for 10 hr, filtering and separating the obtained urea clathrate mixture, washing crystal with petroleum ether, washing for 2-3 times, and mixing filtrates;
step S6: adding petroleum ether and dilute alkali liquor into the filtrate obtained in the step S5, wherein the volume ratio of the filtrate to the petroleum ether to the dilute alkali liquor is 1:1:1, further removing impurity components in the extracting solution by using the dilute alkali liquor as an extracting water phase, extracting for 2-3 times by using the dilute alkali liquor as a sodium hydroxide solution, collecting an organic phase, washing the organic phase to be neutral, adding 100g of anhydrous sodium sulfate for drying, and removing the petroleum ether by rotary evaporation to obtain linoleic acid; the yield of linoleic acid was calculated in the same manner as in example 1 to obtain a yield of 13.2%.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the specific embodiments, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and variations can be made by those skilled in the art without inventive changes based on the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. The method for extracting linoleic acid from achyranthes bidentata leaves is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
step S1: crushing achyranthes bidentata leaves into achyranthes bidentata leaf powder, precisely weighing 50g, adding 300mL of n-hexane solution according to the material-liquid ratio of 1g to 6mL, extracting for 4h in a water bath at 50 ℃, repeatedly extracting for 2 times, and recovering the n-hexane solvent by reduced pressure distillation to obtain mixed oil of the achyranthes bidentata leaves;
step S2: adding NaOH-C into the mixed grease extracted in the step S1 according to the material-liquid ratio (w/v) of 1g:4mL2H5Reacting the OH solution in a water bath at 75-85 ℃ for 3 hours, taking out, adding a proper amount of warm water at 50-70 ℃ for dissolving, stirring for 20min, adding a hydrochloric acid solution to adjust the pH value to be an acidic solution with 2, stirring for 15min, separating an oil layer, adding n-hexane with the volume of about 10 times of that of the oil layer for extraction, washing the obtained product to be neutral, distilling under reduced pressure to remove the solvent n-hexane, adding anhydrous sodium sulfate, and drying to obtain mixed fatty acid;
step S3: heating 500mL of ethanol to 70 ℃, adding 50g of urea while stirring, and completely dissolving the urea in the ethanol to obtain a urea-ethanol solution;
step S4: adding the urea-ethanol solution obtained in the step S3 into the mixed fatty acid obtained in the step S2, maintaining the temperature at 70 ℃, refluxing and stirring for 1h, stopping heating after the mixture becomes clear and transparent, and continuously stirring until the mixture is cooled to the room temperature;
step S5: clathrating at-5 deg.C for 24 hr, filtering and separating the obtained urea clathrate mixture, washing crystal with petroleum ether, washing for 2-3 times, and mixing filtrates;
step S6: adding petroleum ether and dilute alkali liquor into the filtrate obtained in the step S5, wherein the volume ratio of the filtrate to the petroleum ether to the dilute alkali liquor is 1:1:1, further removing impurity components in the extracting solution by using the dilute alkali liquor as an extracting water phase, extracting for 2-3 times by using the dilute alkali liquor as a sodium hydroxide solution, collecting an organic phase, washing the organic phase to be neutral, adding 100g of anhydrous sodium sulfate for drying, and removing the petroleum ether by rotary evaporation to obtain linoleic acid.
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