CN109822950A - A kind of polymer material and its integrated molding method with ice-covering-proof function - Google Patents
A kind of polymer material and its integrated molding method with ice-covering-proof function Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of polymer material integrated molding method with ice-covering-proof function realizes ice-covering-proof functional structure and polymer-based material integrated molding by design die surface structure and adjustment composite molding hot compression parameters.A kind of polymer material and its integrated molding method with ice-covering-proof function provided by the invention has the advantage that preparation polymer-based material is completed at the same time with two functions of ice-covering-proof micro-structure are integrated on material, compared with traditional technology, it is easy to operate, shaping structures are good, and cavity disperse characteristic is uniform；Polymer material obtained has surface to liquid water superhydrophobic characteristic, and drop freezing time is subcooled in significant extend, and supercooling drop is made to have enough time to be detached from surface；With extremely low ice addisive strength, icing can fall off under natural wind or gravity from material surface, can be used for being exposed to the machinery equipment outer surface covering in extreme environment, have important practice significance to wind energy conversion system and the anti-clearing ice technology development of aircraft.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to composites processing technology and process for modifying surface fields, and in particular to one kind has ice-covering-proof function
The polymer material and its integrated molding method of energy.
Background technique
Polymer matrix composite refers generally to continuous fiber/short fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites.Fiber it is high-strength
Degree, high-modulus characteristic become ideal supporting body.Basis material adhesive property is good, fiber is bonded securely, together
Shi Jiti can be such that uniform load is distributed again, and pass to fiber, and fiber is allowed to bear compression and shear-type load.Fiber and matrix it
Between it is good it is compound show respective advantage, and Optimum structural design is able to achieve, with having light weight, high intensity, high rigidity
Characteristic, have been widely used in national defence and people's livelihood field.As glass fiber compound material is used to make starting for rocket by the U.S.
Casing body, the high-pressure bottle of fuel and helicopter rotor blade etc..Domestic C919 aircraft skin uses a large amount of composite layers
Plate.The polymer matrix composite being related in the present invention is mainly used in aviation aircraft skin and wind-driven generator neck
Domain.
The icing of the aircraft surfaces such as High Altitude UAV, manned passenger plane will affect windage, causes energy consumption to increase, is greatly reduced continuous
ETS estimated time of sailing, key position, which freezes, even air crash risk.Anti- deicing technical research is of great significance.
It is different from the actives clearing ice technology such as electric heating, mechanical oscillation, ice-covering-proof technology is a kind of emerging utilization material sheet
It levies attribute and hinders or postpone material surface knot/icing technology.There are mainly two types of thinkings for the anti-icing performance of promotion material: 1) passing through
The method for constructing hierarchical micro-acceptance structure and low-surface-energy modification, improves the super-hydrophobicity of material surface, delays the jelly that drop is subcooled
Knot and the freezing point for reducing material leave supercooling drop can by external forces such as wind-force, self gravitys in time before freezing
Aircraft surface；2) by the way that the method for both macro and micro formation of crack is arranged on the surface of the material, it is strong to reduce ice adherency between ice and matrix
Degree controls ice sheet position and shape, and ice sheet is made just to be detached from material because the external forces such as wind-force, self gravity are broken in early growth period
Surface.The present invention in summary two kinds of mentalities of designing.
The existing technology path for integrating ice-covering-proof functional method on the composite is all first to prepare composite material, after multiple
Ice-covering-proof structure is constructed on condensation material.Such as a kind of resin base composite wood with super-hydrophobic bionic surface of patent CN105504324A
In material and preparation method thereof, preparation method needs the composite material cleaning polishing to forming, then also needs to laser machine
The programs such as micro-structure and spraying hydrophobic coating, have the shortcomings that complex steps, at high cost, micro-structure intensity is unstable.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to propose a kind of polymer material with ice-covering-proof function and its integrated molding method,
With solve current techniques when preparation has the composite material of ice-covering-proof function at high cost, step mostly with performance is unstable asks
Topic.
For the method for constructing function micro-nano structure after existing traditional technology means elder generation forming composite, the present invention is provided
A kind of polymer material integrated molding method with ice-covering-proof function, is able to achieve the passive protection to icing, specific side
Method the following steps are included:
(1) precision machinery processing method preparation closure metal die, cleaning is spare, and pre- coating release agent；
(2) fiber cloth is cut to suitable shape, wraps up core material later, dry state fibre preforms formed body is made；
(3) hybrid resin, curing agent and low-surface-energy dressing agent obtain liquid polymer mixture；
(4) the dry state fibre preforms formed body is placed in the closure metal die, the institute that will be mixed after molding
It states liquid polymer mixture and injects the dry state fibre preforms molding, and vacuumize, obtain product；
(5) pressure and temperature of hot press is set, and the product solidifies certain time in the closure metal die, controls
Make the cured pressure and temperature, slow cooling after the completion of solidification；
(6) after the hot press is cooled to 80 DEG C or room temperature, unloading pressure is simultaneously opened, and the product after solidification is detached from
The closure metal die, and burr is cleared up, obtain a kind of polymer material with ice-covering-proof function.
The polymer material with surface micro-structure prepared through integrated molding method has super-hydrophobic characteristic,
And there is extremely low ice addisive strength, greatly promote the anti-icing performance of composite material.Integral method is advised with array simultaneously
Then, the advantages of uniform texture, accurate size, avoid the conventional method of the processing micro structure on molded composite material can
Energy bring size is unstable, array is irregular, destroys the disadvantages of matrix and fiber continuity.
As a preferred solution, the mold materials of the closure metal die in step (1) are corrosion-resisting steel, titanium conjunction
Gold, high strength alumin ium alloy.
It is further preferred that closure metal die described in step (1) has special shape microstructure, for golden word
Tower, circle or rectangular pit；The side of the inverted pyramid pit and bottom surface angle are 45 ° -54 °, the size model of length
Enclose is 1-200 μm；The size range of the square column pit length and height is 1-200 μm, the diameter and depth of the circular pit
The size range of degree is 1-200 μm, and the spacing range of two adjacent inverted pyramids, circle or rectangular pit is 1-500 μm.
It is further preferred that the material of fiber cloth described in step (2) is glass fibre, carbon fiber, aramid fiber, asbestos
One of fiber, potassium titanate fibre, silicon carbide fibre, natural fiber, assorted fibre are a variety of.
It is further preferred that resin described in step (3) includes polyester, vinyl esters, epoxy resin, phenolic resin, gathers
One of diphenyl sulfide, polyether-ether-ketone and polyetherimide are a variety of.
It is further preferred that low-surface-energy dressing agent material therefor described in step (3) is 17 fluorine decyl triethoxies
Silane or stearic acid.
It is further preferred that mixing discontinuous fiber or particle increasing in liquid polymer mixture described in step (3)
Qiang Xiang, additive amount are the 0.5-3% of resin quality；The discontinuous fiber includes metal or ceramic whisker, carbon nanotube, described
Particulates reinforcements include metal or ceramic nanoparticles, graphene.
It is further preferred that curing agent additive amount described in step (3) is the 10-25% of the resin quality, it is described low
The additive amount of surface energy dressing agent is the 0.1-2% of the resin quality.
It is further preferred that the temperature range of solidification process described in step (5) is 120-200 DEG C, pressure limit is
0.5-1.2Mpa。
A kind of polymer material with ice-covering-proof function is prepared using any one aforementioned method.
The invention has the beneficial effects that a kind of polymer material and one with ice-covering-proof function provided by the invention
Body forming method has the advantage that
1. compared with the method for heating building structure after traditional technology means elder generation forming composite, side provided by the invention
Method, which realizes, to be prepared polymer material and integrates the effect that two functions of ice-covering-proof micro-structure are completed at the same time on material, has behaviour
Make simply, shaping structures are good, the uniform advantage of cavity disperse characteristic；
2. polymer material made from a kind of polymer material integrated molding method with ice-covering-proof function has table
The characteristic super-hydrophobic in face of liquid water can significantly extend supercooling drop freezing time, and supercooling drop is made to have enough time disengaging
Surface；
3. polymer material made from a kind of polymer material integrated molding method with ice-covering-proof function has pole
Low ice addisive strength, icing can fall off under natural wind or gravity from surface of polymer material；
4. polymer material made from a kind of polymer material integrated molding method with ice-covering-proof function can be used as
Aircraft and blade of wind-driven generator etc. are exposed to the machinery equipment outer surface covering in extreme environment；To wind energy conversion system and aircraft
The development of anti-clearing ice technology, especially passive anti-clearing ice technology has important practice significance.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is polymer material integrated molding method work of one of the embodiment of the present invention 1 with ice-covering-proof function
Skill flow diagram；
Fig. 2 is polymer material integrated molding method of one of the embodiment 1 with ice-covering-proof function in the present invention
The schematic diagram of the prepared polymer material with ice-covering-proof function；
Fig. 3 is polymer material integrated molding method of one of the embodiment 1 with ice-covering-proof function in the present invention
The micro structure array schematic diagram of the prepared polymer material with ice-covering-proof function；
Fig. 4 is tool prepared by polymer material integrated molding method of one of the present invention with ice-covering-proof function
There is the structural schematic diagram when polymer material and chimeric closure metal die of ice-covering-proof function.
The meaning of appended drawing reference in figure: 1- is closed metal die, and 2- has the polymer material of ice-covering-proof function.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention
In attached drawing 1-4, technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment
It is a part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, ordinary skill people
Member's every other embodiment obtained without creative efforts, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of polymer material integrated molding method with ice-covering-proof function, comprising the following steps:
(1) precise NC lathe prepares 7075 aluminum alloy mould of closure that inner wall has rectangular pit array microstructure,
Clean spare, and pre- coating release agent；
(2) fiber cloth is cut to suitable shape, wraps up PVC foam core material later, dry state fibre preforms formed body is made；It is fine
Wei Bu selects SW220 high-strength glass fibre, and core material selects PVC foam, having a size of 50mmx50mmx4mm；
(3) by the quality of 3:1:0.01 than three ethoxy of hybrid resin, curing agent and 17 fluorine decyl of low-surface-energy dressing agent
Base silane FAS-17 obtains liquid polymer mixture；
(4) dry state fibre preforms formed body is placed in the closure metal die；Liquid polymer is mixed after molding
Object injects dry state fibre preforms formed body, until the liquid state colloid of gum outlet outflow bubble-free, and vacuumizes, is made
Part；
(5) pressure that hot press is arranged is 0.8Mpa, and temperature is 120 DEG C of preheating 15min, is heated to 180 DEG C later, product
Solidify 150min, slow cooling after the completion of solidification in closure metal die；
(6) after hot press temperature is down to 80 DEG C, unloading pressure is simultaneously opened, and the product after solidification is detached from closure metal mold
The defects of having, and clearing up burr, obtains a kind of polymer material with ice-covering-proof function.
It is the glass fibers with ice-covering-proof function according to a kind of polymer material with ice-covering-proof function obtained by upper method
Tie up reinforced epoxy composite material.
Embodiment 2
A kind of polymer material integrated molding method with ice-covering-proof function, comprising the following steps:
(1) precise NC lathe prepares the 7075 aluminium alloy mould of closure that inner wall has inverted pyramid pit array microstructure
Tool, cleaning is spare, and pre- coating release agent；
(2) fiber cloth is cut to suitable shape, wraps up PVC foam core material later, dry state fibre preforms formed body is made；It is fine
Wei Bu selects T700SC-12000-50C high-strength carbon fibre material, and epoxy resin grout agent is precoated on high-strength carbon fibre material；Core
Material selects PVC foam, having a size of 50mmx 50mmx4mm；
(3) by the quality of 3:1:0.01 than three ethoxy of hybrid resin, curing agent and 17 fluorine decyl of low-surface-energy dressing agent
Base silane FAS-17 obtains liquid polymer mixture；
(4) dry state fibre preforms formed body is placed in the closure metal die；Liquid polymer is mixed after molding
Object injects dry state fibre preforms formed body, until the liquid state colloid of gum outlet outflow bubble-free, and vacuumizes, is made
Part；
(5) pressure that hot press is arranged is 0.8Mpa, and temperature is 120 DEG C of preheating 15min, is heated to 180 DEG C later, product
Solidify 150min, slow cooling after the completion of solidification in closure metal die；
(6) after hot press temperature is down to 80 DEG C, unloading pressure is simultaneously opened, and the product after solidification is detached from closure metal mold
The defects of having, and clearing up burr, obtains a kind of polymer material with ice-covering-proof function.
It is the carbon fiber with ice-covering-proof function according to a kind of polymer material with ice-covering-proof function obtained by upper method
Reinforced epoxy composite material.
Embodiment 3
A kind of polymer material integrated molding method with ice-covering-proof function, comprising the following steps:
(1) precise NC lathe prepares 7075 aluminum alloy mould of closure that inner wall has rectangular pit array microstructure,
Clean spare, and pre- coating release agent；
(2) fiber cloth is cut to suitable shape, wraps up PVC foam core material later, dry state fibre preforms formed body is made；It is fine
Wei Bu selects aramid fiber, and core material selects PVC foam, having a size of 50mmx 50mmx4mm；
(3) by the quality of 3:1:0.01 than three ethoxy of hybrid resin, curing agent and 17 fluorine decyl of low-surface-energy dressing agent
Base silane FAS-17 obtains liquid polymer mixture；
(4) dry state fibre preforms formed body is placed in the closure metal die；Liquid polymer is mixed after molding
Object injects dry state fibre preforms formed body, until the liquid state colloid of gum outlet outflow bubble-free, and vacuumizes, is made
Part；
(5) pressure that hot press is arranged is 0.8Mpa, and temperature is 120 DEG C, preheats 15min, is heated to 180 DEG C later, system
Part solidifies 150min, slow cooling after the completion of solidification in closure metal die；
(6) after hot press temperature is down to 80 DEG C, unloading pressure is simultaneously opened, and the product after solidification is detached from closure metal mold
The defects of having, and clearing up burr, obtains a kind of polymer material with ice-covering-proof function.
It is that the aramid fiber with ice-covering-proof function is fine according to a kind of polymer material with ice-covering-proof function obtained by upper method
Tie up reinforced epoxy composite material.
Embodiment 4
A kind of polymer material integrated molding method with ice-covering-proof function, comprising the following steps:
(1) precise NC lathe prepares 7075 aluminium alloy of closure that inner wall has the rectangular pit array microstructure of micron order
Mold, cleaning is spare, and pre- coating release agent；
(2) fiber cloth is cut to suitable shape, wraps up PVC foam core material later, dry state fibre preforms formed body is made；It is fine
Wei Bu selects T700SC-12000-50C high-strength carbon fibre material, and epoxy resin grout agent is precoated on high-strength carbon fibre material；Core
Material selects PVC foam, having a size of 50mmx 50mmx4mm；
(3) in the ratio hybrid resin of 3:1:0.01:0.01, curing agent, 17 fluorine decyl of low-surface-energy dressing agent, three second
Oxysilane (FAS-17), discontinuous fiber carbon nanotube obtain colloidal mixture；The diameter 2- of discontinuous fiber carbon nanotube
20nm, 5-1000 μm of length；
(4) the dry state fibre preforms formed body is placed in the closure metal die, the institute that will be mixed after molding
It states colloidal mixture and injects the dry state fibre preforms formed body, and vacuumize, obtain product；
(5) pressure that hot press is arranged is 0.8Mpa, and temperature is 120 DEG C of preheating 15min, is heated to 180 DEG C later, product
Solidify 150min, slow cooling after the completion of solidification in closure metal die；
(6) after hot press temperature is down to 80 DEG C, unloading pressure is simultaneously opened, and the product after solidification is detached from closure metal mold
The defects of having, and clearing up burr, obtains a kind of polymer material with ice-covering-proof function.
It is the carbon fiber with ice-covering-proof function according to a kind of polymer material with ice-covering-proof function obtained by upper method
The carbon nanotube dispersion-strengtherning epoxy resin composite material of enhancing.
Embodiment 5
A kind of polymer material integrated molding method with ice-covering-proof function, comprising the following steps:
(1) precise NC lathe prepares the 7075 aluminium alloy mould of closure that inner wall has inverted pyramid pit array microstructure
Tool, cleaning is spare, and pre- coating release agent；
(2) fiber cloth is cut to suitable shape, wraps up PVC foam core material later, dry state fibre preforms formed body is made；It is fine
Wei Bu selects T700SC-12000-50C high-strength carbon fibre material, and epoxy resin grout agent is precoated on high-strength carbon fibre material；Core
Material selects PVC foam, having a size of 50mmx 50mmx4mm；
(3) by the quality of 3:1:0.01 than three ethoxy of hybrid resin, curing agent and 17 fluorine decyl of low-surface-energy dressing agent
Base silane FAS-17 obtains liquid polymer mixture；
(4) dry state fibre preforms formed body is placed in the closure metal die；Liquid polymer is mixed after molding
Object injects dry state fibre preforms formed body, until the liquid state colloid of gum outlet outflow bubble-free, and vacuumizes, is made
Part；
(5) pressure that hot press is arranged is 0.8Mpa, and temperature is 120 DEG C of preheating 15min, is heated to 180 DEG C later, product
Solidify 150min, slow cooling after the completion of solidification in closure metal die；
(6) after hot press temperature is down to 80 DEG C, unloading pressure is simultaneously opened, and the product after solidification is detached from closure metal mold
The defects of having, and clearing up burr, obtains a kind of polymer material with ice-covering-proof function.
It is the carbon fiber with ice-covering-proof function according to a kind of polymer material with ice-covering-proof function obtained by upper method
Reinforced epoxy composite material.
Performance detection, detection project are carried out to the polymer material with ice-covering-proof function that embodiment 1-5 is prepared
1 is shown in Table including angle of wetting, icing delay time and ice addisive strength, testing result.
Table 1 has the polymer material performance test results of ice-covering-proof function
| Group | Angle of wetting (°) | It freezes delay time (s) | Ice addisive strength (kpa) |
| Embodiment 1 | 148.33 | 495 | 37.5 |
| Embodiment 2 | 153.67 | 642 | 31.4 |
| Embodiment 3 | 149.78 | 502 | 42.3 |
| Embodiment 4 | 155.5 | 700 | 28.9 |
| Embodiment 5 | 147.66 | 392 | 36.5 |
From the above performance test results, it can be seen that a kind of polymer with ice-covering-proof function of embodiment 1-5 preparation
There is material surface to have superhydrophobic characteristic to liquid water, can significantly extend supercooling drop freezing time, and supercooling drop is made to have foot
The characteristics of enough time is detached from surface；With extremely low ice addisive strength, icing can be under natural wind or gravity from compound
The characteristics of material surface falls off；It can be used for aircraft and blade of wind-driven generator etc. to be exposed to outside the machinery equipment in extreme environment
The advantages such as surface covering parts.
It should be appreciated that described above, the specific embodiments are only for explaining the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.By
The obvious changes or variations that spirit of the invention is extended out are still in the protection scope of this invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of polymer material integrated molding method with ice-covering-proof function, which comprises the following steps:
(1) precision machinery processing method preparation closure metal die, cleaning is spare, and pre- coating release agent；
(2) fiber cloth is cut to suitable shape, wraps up core material later, dry state fibre preforms formed body is made；
(3) hybrid resin, curing agent and low-surface-energy dressing agent obtain liquid polymer mixture；
(4) the dry state fibre preforms formed body is placed in the closure metal die, the liquid that will be mixed after molding
State polymeric blends inject the dry state fibre preforms molding, and vacuumize, and obtain product；
(5) pressure and temperature of hot press is set, and the product solidifies certain time in the closure metal die, controls institute
State cured pressure and temperature, slow cooling after the completion of solidification；
(6) after the hot press is cooled to 80 DEG C or room temperature, unloading pressure is simultaneously opened, will be described in the product disengaging after solidification
It is closed metal die, and clears up burr, obtains a kind of polymer material with ice-covering-proof function.
2. a kind of polymer material integrated molding method with ice-covering-proof function according to claim 1, feature
It is, the mold materials of the closure metal die in step (1) are corrosion-resisting steel, titanium alloy, high strength alumin ium alloy.
3. a kind of polymer material integrated molding method with ice-covering-proof function according to claim 1, feature
It is, closure metal die described in step (1) has special shape microstructure, is inverted pyramid, circle or rectangular pit；
The side of the inverted pyramid pit and bottom surface angle are 45 ° -54 °, and the size range of length is 1-200 μm；The side
The size range of column pit length and height is 1-200 μm, and the diameter of the circular pit and the size range of depth are 1-200
μm, the spacing range of two adjacent inverted pyramids, circle or rectangular pit is 1-500 μm.
4. a kind of polymer material integrated molding method with ice-covering-proof function according to claim 1, feature
Be, the material of fiber cloth described in step (2) be glass fibre, carbon fiber, aramid fiber, asbestos fibre, potassium titanate fibre,
One of silicon carbide fibre, natural fiber, assorted fibre are a variety of.
5. a kind of polymer material integrated molding method with ice-covering-proof function according to claim 1, feature
Be, resin described in step (3) include polyester, vinyl esters, epoxy resin, phenolic resin, polyphenylene sulfide, polyether-ether-ketone and
One of polyetherimide is a variety of.
6. a kind of polymer material integrated molding method with ice-covering-proof function according to claim 1, feature
It is, low-surface-energy dressing agent material therefor described in step (3) is heptadecafluorodecyl triethoxysilane or stearic acid.
7. a kind of polymer material integrated molding method with ice-covering-proof function according to claim 1, feature
It is, mixes discontinuous fiber in liquid polymer mixture described in step (3) or particulates reinforcements, additive amount are resin
The 0.5-3% of quality；The discontinuous fiber includes metal or ceramic whisker, carbon nanotube, and the particulates reinforcements include gold
Category or ceramic nanoparticles, graphene.
8. a kind of polymer material integrated molding method with ice-covering-proof function according to claim 1, feature
It is, curing agent additive amount described in step (3) is the 10-25% of the resin quality, and the low-surface-energy dressing agent adds
Dosage is the 0.1-2% of the resin quality.
9. a kind of polymer material integrated molding method with ice-covering-proof function according to claim 1, feature
It is, the temperature range of solidification process described in step (5) is 120-200 DEG C, pressure limit 0.5-1.2Mpa.
10. a kind of polymer material with ice-covering-proof function, which is characterized in that described is a kind of poly- with ice-covering-proof function
Object material is closed to be prepared using the method for any one in the claim 1-9.
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| CN111907090A (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2020-11-10 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心低速空气动力研究所 | Forming method of thermosetting resin-based composite material surface anti-icing array structure |
| CN112950584A (en) * | 2021-03-01 | 2021-06-11 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Coating surface defect identification method based on deep learning |
| CN113246560A (en) * | 2021-04-09 | 2021-08-13 | 南京航空航天大学 | Anti-icing and deicing composite material with electric heating/super-hydrophobic function and preparation method thereof |
| CN115502785A (en) * | 2022-09-26 | 2022-12-23 | 大连理工大学 | Frost prevention surface with long strip ridge array structure |
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