CN109821257B

CN109821257B - Three-dimensional building block with planar structure

Info

Publication number: CN109821257B
Application number: CN201910160589.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 任润柏; 任雁
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2019-03-04
Filing date: 2019-03-04
Publication date: 2024-04-12
Anticipated expiration: 2039-03-04
Also published as: CN109821257A

Abstract

The invention discloses a three-dimensional building block with a planar structure, which comprises a plurality of sheet-shaped basic components, wherein the plurality of sheet-shaped basic components comprise square basic components, regular triangle basic components, isosceles right triangle basic components and rectangular basic components; at least three tenons are uniformly arranged on each edge of the back surface of each basic component at intervals, mortise joints are formed between every two adjacent tenons, and the mortise joints are equal to the tenons in width; each edge of the front surface of each basic component is provided with a round mortise and a round tenon; the edges of any two basic components with equal length are connected through mortise and tenon structures respectively arranged on the back surfaces of the basic components; any two basic components with coincident shapes are connected through mortise and tenon structures respectively arranged on the front surfaces of the basic components. The three-dimensional building block with the planar structure can form various polyhedral units through the internal connection and the external connection of the basic components, and the basic components are formed by injection molding, so that the production cost is greatly reduced.

Description

Three-dimensional building block with planar structure

Technical Field

The invention relates to a three-dimensional building block with a planar structure.

Background

The applicant filed the chinese patent office with the patent of "magnetic cube" (ZL 952 44756.8) on day 25 of 9 of 1995. In the patent application, a design of a special magnetic stripe is described, which is placed on each edge of a cube, so that the two surfaces of the cube can be attracted to each other face to face regardless of rotation, and the two cubes can be attracted to each other with a bump between the edges. In this patent document, the concept of a polyhedron is introduced at the earliest, namely, magnetic strips are inlaid on each edge of a polyhedron basic component, and the magnetic strips are attracted through the faces of the congruent faces to form a rich solid geometry building block. At that time, the review of the patent was blocked. Until 1997, the designer carried the already-made magnetic cube, especially with 8 cubes with a prism length a (each cube is composed of 5 polyhedral units, and the total of 40 polyhedral units is 8 cubes), expanded into a magnetic cube with a prism length of 2a to Beijing, and informed on the spot after the two articles actually exist in front of the relevant personnel in the patent office and in front of the bright-phase 'magnetic cube' patent, and the patent certificate can be issued quickly. After this, the patent of "magnetic magic cube" is granted on the 8 th month and 16 th 1997 without any modification of the document or correction.

Around 2013, the worldwide popular magnetic sheet toy invented by Americans has the structural principle that only one of the magnetic magic square structural principles is limited to a subset of the plane. At the end of 2017, a toy company manager who has a very famous atmosphere in China sees that when the toy company manager is used as a magnetic sheet for a magnetic magic cube verification experiment 22 years ago, the toy company manager does not have a sense of theory: "original magnetic force sheet original is created in China". The three-dimensional concept of the magnetic cube was nearly ten years earlier than the american magnetic sheet plane concept.

The applicant also puts forward a 'geometric building block with three-dimensional omni-directional connection (ZL 2013 2 0064255.4)', and a 'building block capable of three-dimensional splicing (ZL 2013 2 0850641.7)' on the 12 th month and 20 th year. The main bodies described in these two patents are all the polyhedral blocks, and only the connection mode is changed.

All three patent applications involve polyhedra, however, none of them are marketed. All three patents fail for the purpose of industrialization. One of the most important reasons is: the frame of the polyhedral cells is difficult to implement or expensive.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides the three-dimensional building block with a planar structure, various polyhedral units can be formed by connecting the basic components internally and externally, and the basic components are formed by injection molding, so that the production cost is greatly reduced.

The technical scheme for achieving the purpose is as follows: the three-dimensional building block comprises a plurality of sheet-shaped basic components, wherein the sheet-shaped basic components comprise square basic components, regular triangle basic components, isosceles right triangle basic components and rectangular basic components;

the side length of the square basic component is equal to a; the side length of the regular triangle basic component is equal to a orThe waist length of the isosceles right triangle basic member is equal to a; the long side length of the rectangular basic member is equal to +.>The length of the short side of the rectangular basic component is equal to a;

at least two tenons are uniformly arranged on each edge of the back surface of each basic component at intervals, a mortise is formed between every two adjacent tenons on each edge, and the width of each mortise is equal to that of each tenon; and all mortise and tenon on each side of the back surface of the basic component are symmetrical along the perpendicular bisector;

each edge of the front surface of each basic component is provided with a round mortise and a round tenon, and the round mortise and the round tenon on each edge are symmetrical along a perpendicular line;

The edges of any two basic components with equal length are clamped together through mortise and tenon structures respectively arranged on the back surfaces of the basic components, and the mortise and tenon structures after clamping are symmetrical along the perpendicular bisectors of the corresponding edges;

any two basic components with coincident shapes are connected together through matched mortise and tenon structures respectively arranged on the front surfaces of the basic components;

three isosceles right triangle basic members with waist length equal to a and one isosceles right triangle basic member with side length equal to aThe mortise and tenon structures on the back surface of the regular triangle basic member are inscribed to form a right-angle regular triangular pyramid unit;

four of the sides are equal toThe mortise and tenon structures on the back surface of the regular triangle basic member are inscribed to form a regular tetrahedron unit;

the mortise and tenon structures on the back surfaces of the six square basic components with the side length equal to a are inscribed to form a cube unit;

one of the long sides is equal toThe rectangular basic component with the short side length equal to a, the square basic components with the side length equal to a and the mortise and tenon structures on the back surfaces of the isosceles right triangle basic components with the waist length equal to a are inscribed to form a right isosceles right triangular prism unit;

the three square basic components with the side length equal to a are connected through mortise and tenon structures on the back surfaces of the two regular triangle basic components with the side length equal to a to form a full equilateral triangular prism unit;

Basic components with coincident shapes in the right-angle regular triangular pyramid unit, the regular tetrahedron unit, the cube unit, the right-angle isosceles regular triangular prism unit and the full equilateral regular triangular prism unit are connected together through matched mortise and tenon structures respectively arranged on the front surfaces of the basic components.

The three-dimensional building block with the planar structure is characterized in that the basic component is formed by injection molding.

In the above three-dimensional building block with a planar structure, among the basic components forming the right triangular pyramid unit, an included angle between an outer side surface of a tenon on a right angle side of the isosceles right triangular basic component and the isosceles right triangular basic component is 90 degrees; the included angle between the outer side surface of the tenon on the hypotenuse of the isosceles right triangle basic component and the isosceles right triangle basic component is 54 degrees; the included angle between the outer side surface of the tenon on each side of the regular triangle basic member and the regular triangle basic member is 54 degrees;

the three isosceles right triangle basic components are three right angle surfaces of the right angle regular triangular pyramid unit in one-to-one correspondence, and two adjacent right angle edges are connected through mortise and tenon structures respectively arranged on the back surfaces of the three right angle regular triangular pyramid units; the regular triangle basic members are the bottom surfaces of the right triangular pyramid units, and the hypotenuse of each isosceles right triangle basic member is connected with the side of the corresponding regular triangle basic member through mortise and tenon structures respectively arranged on the back surfaces of the isosceles right triangle basic members.

In the above three-dimensional building block with a planar structure, in each basic component forming the regular tetrahedron unit, an included angle between an outer side face of a tenon on each side of the regular triangle basic component and the regular triangle basic component is 70 degrees, four regular triangle basic components form four faces of the regular tetrahedron unit in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and two adjacent sides are connected through mortise and tenon structures respectively arranged on the back faces of the regular tetrahedron basic components.

In the above three-dimensional building block with a planar structure, in each basic member forming the cube unit, an included angle between an outer side face of the tenon on each side of the square basic member and the square basic member is 90 degrees; six square basic components are six faces of the cube unit in one-to-one correspondence, and two adjacent edges are connected through mortise and tenon structures respectively arranged on the back faces of the square basic components.

In the above three-dimensional building block with a planar structure, in each basic component forming the right isosceles regular triangular prism unit, an included angle between an outer side face of a tenon on a long side of the rectangular basic component and the rectangular basic component is 90 degrees, and an included angle between an outer side face of a tenon on a short side and the rectangular basic component is 45 degrees;

The included angle between the outer side face of the tenon on one side of the square basic member and the square basic member is 45 degrees, and the included angle between the outer side face of the tenon on the other side and the square basic member is 90 degrees;

the included angle between the outer side surface of the tenons on each side of the isosceles right triangle basic member and the isosceles right triangle basic member is 90 degrees.

The three-dimensional building block with the planar structure is characterized in that mortise and tenon structures on the front faces of rectangular basic components of the two right-angle isosceles right triangular prism units are connected to form a cube unit.

In the above three-dimensional building block with a planar structure, in each basic component forming the equilateral triangular prism unit, an included angle between an outer side surface of the tenon on each side of the regular triangular basic component and the regular triangular basic component is 90 degrees;

the included angle between the outer side face of the tenon on the side where the square basic member is connected with the regular triangle basic member and the square basic member is 90 degrees, and the included angle between the outer side face of the tenon on the other sides and the square basic member is 60 degrees.

The three-dimensional building block with the planar structure comprises three square basic components, wherein mortise and tenon structures on the front faces of the square basic components of the six congruent regular triangular prism units are connected to form a regular hexagonal prism with regular hexagons on the upper plane and the lower plane.

The three-dimensional building block with the planar structure comprises round mortise holes and round tenon heads on the front surface of each basic component, wherein the round mortise holes and the round tenon heads on the front surface of each basic component are replaced by magnetic sheets with opposite magnetic poles in a one-to-one correspondence mode.

The three-dimensional building block with the planar structure can form various polyhedral units through the internal connection and the external connection of the basic components, and the basic components are formed by injection molding, so that the production cost is greatly reduced.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a rear view of an isosceles right triangle base member constituting a regular tetrahedron and a right triangle pyramid;

FIG. 1a is a cross-sectional view in the U-V direction of FIG. 1;

FIG. 1b is a cross-sectional view (angle of inclination 54 °) of the R-Q direction of FIG. 1;

FIG. 1c is a cross-sectional view (90 ° oblique) of the R-Q direction of FIG. 1;

FIG. 1d is a front view of an isosceles right triangle base member that forms a right tetrahedron and right triangular pyramid;

FIG. 1e is a cross-sectional view taken along the direction G-H in FIG. 1 d;

FIG. 2 is a rear view of a regular triangle base member constituting a regular tetrahedron and a right angle regular triangular pyramid;

FIG. 2a is a cross-sectional view (inclined at an angle of 70 °) of the J-K direction in FIG. 2;

FIG. 2b is a cross-sectional view (angle of inclination 54 °) of the J-K direction in FIG. 2;

FIG. 2c is a back view of a regular triangular base component that forms a regular tetrahedron and a right triangular pyramid;

FIG. 3 is a rear view of a square base member forming a cube;

FIG. 3a is a cross-sectional view (90 ° oblique) of the general U-V direction of FIG. 3;

FIG. 3b is a cross-sectional view (45 ° oblique) of the general U '-V' direction of FIG. 3;

FIG. 4 is a front view of a square base member forming a cube;

FIG. 5 is a rear view of a rectangular base member constituting a right isosceles right triangular prism;

FIG. 5a is a cross-sectional view taken along the J-K direction of FIG. 5;

FIG. 5b is a cross-sectional view in the direction U-V of FIG. 5;

FIG. 6 is a front view of a rectangular base member constituting a right isosceles right triangular prism;

FIG. 7 is a rear view of a square base member constituting a full equilateral triangular prism;

FIG. 7a is a cross-sectional view in the U-V direction of FIG. 7;

FIG. 7b is a cross-sectional view taken along the J-K direction of FIG. 7;

FIG. 7c is a front view of a square base member forming a full equilateral triangular prism;

FIG. 8 is a rear view of a regular triangular base component that forms a right isosceles regular triangular prism;

FIG. 8a is a cross-sectional view in the direction U-V of FIG. 8;

FIG. 8b is a front view of a regular triangular base component that forms a right isosceles regular triangular prism;

FIG. 9.0 is a four-section view of a cube made up of base elements;

FIG. 9.1 is two cross-sectional views of a cube made up of basic components;

Fig. 9.2 is a schematic structural view of a right-angled regular triangular pyramid composed of basic members;

fig. 9.3 is a schematic structural view of a regular tetrahedron composed of basic members;

fig. 9.4 is a schematic structural view of a right isosceles right triangular prism composed of basic members;

FIG. 9.5 is a schematic structural view of a right triangular prism with congruent sides composed of basic components;

FIG. 10 is a rear view of an isosceles right triangle base member (4 tenons on the rear side of each side);

FIG. 10a is a cross-sectional view in the U-V direction of FIG. 10;

FIG. 10b is a cross-sectional view (angle of inclination 54) of the R-Q direction of FIG. 10;

FIG. 10c is a cross-sectional view (90 ° oblique) of the R-Q direction of FIG. 10;

FIG. 10d shows a side length ofBack side view of the regular triangle base member (back side of each side has 4 tenons);

FIG. 10e is a cross-sectional view (54℃oblique) of the J-K direction of FIG. 10 d;

FIG. 10f is a cross-sectional view (inclined at an angle of 70) of the J-K direction of FIG. 10 d;

FIG. 11 is a rear view of an isosceles right triangle base member (3 tenons on the rear of each side);

FIG. 11a is a cross-sectional view in the U-V direction of FIG. 11;

FIG. 11b is a cross-sectional view (angle of inclination 54) of the R-Q direction of FIG. 11;

FIG. 11c is a cross-sectional view (90 ° oblique) of the R-Q direction of FIG. 11;

FIG. 11d shows a side length ofBack side view of the regular triangle base member (back side of each side has 3 tenons);

FIG. 11e is a cross-sectional view (54℃oblique) of the J-K direction of FIG. 11 d;

FIG. 11f is a cross-sectional view (inclined at an angle of 70 °) taken along the J-K direction in FIG. 11 d;

FIG. 12 is a rear view of an isosceles right triangle base member (4 tenons on the rear side of each side);

FIG. 12a is a cross-sectional view in the U-V direction of FIG. 12;

FIG. 12b is a cross-sectional view (angle of inclination 54) of the R-Q direction of FIG. 12;

FIG. 12c is a cross-sectional view (90 degrees oblique) of the R-Q direction of FIG. 12;

FIG. 12d shows a side length ofBack side view of the regular triangle base member (back side of each side has 4 tenons);

FIG. 12e is a cross-sectional view (54℃oblique) of the J-K direction of FIG. 12 d;

FIG. 12f is a cross-sectional view (inclined at an angle of 70) of the J-K direction in FIG. 12 d;

fig. 13 is a front view of an isosceles right triangle base member (attached magnetic sheet);

FIG. 13a is a cross-sectional view taken along the H-G direction of FIG. 13;

FIG. 13b is a cross-sectional view in the direction U-V of FIG. 13;

FIG. 13c is a side view ofA front view of the regular triangle base member (magnetic sheet attached);

fig. 13d is a cross-sectional view in the direction H-G of fig. 13 c.

Detailed Description

In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical scheme of the present invention, the following detailed description is provided with reference to the accompanying drawings:

Referring to fig. 1 to 8b, a three-dimensional building block of planar structure according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises a plurality of sheet-like base members including a square base member 1 (see fig. 3, 4 and 7), a regular triangle base member 2 (fig. 2 and 8), an isosceles right triangle base member 3 (fig. 1 to 1 e) and a rectangular base member 4 (fig. 5 and 6).

The side length of the square basic member 1 is equal to a; the side length of the regular triangle base member 2 is equal to a orThe waist length of the isosceles right triangle basic member 3 is equal to a; the long side length of the rectangular basic member 4 is equal to +.>The short side length of the rectangular basic member 4 is equal to a.

At least two tenons are uniformly arranged on each edge of the back surface of each basic component at intervals, mortise joints are formed between every two adjacent tenons on each edge, and the mortise joints are equal to the tenons in width; and all mortise and tenon on each side of the back of the basic component are symmetrical along the perpendicular bisectors, and mortise and tenon clamping is completed when two sides with equal length are butted with each other only by being clamped between two tenons on one side of the perpendicular bisectors, so that inscription is completed. Each edge of the front surface of each basic component is provided with a round mortise and a round tenon, the depth of the round mortise is smaller than the thickness of the basic component, the height of the round tenon is smaller than the depth of the round mortise, and the round mortise and the round tenon on each edge are symmetrical along a perpendicular line; the edges of any two basic components with equal length are clamped together through mortise and tenon structures respectively arranged on the back surfaces of the basic components (the connection is defined as inscribed), and the mortise and tenon structures after the clamping are symmetrical along the perpendicular bisectors of the corresponding edges; any two basic components with coincident shapes are connected together through matched mortise and tenon structures respectively arranged on the front surfaces of the basic components (the connection is defined as external connection);

The basic component is injection molded.

The three-dimensional building block with the planar structure is injection molded into various sheet-shaped basic components such as square, regular triangle, isosceles right triangle, rectangle and the like by utilizing the plasticity of plastics. And a plurality of basic components are selected, and various polyhedral units such as cubes, columns, regular tetrahedrons, right-angle regular triangular pyramids and the like can be formed through mortise and tenon structures on the back surfaces of the basic components, namely inscription functions. The polyhedron units can be externally connected into various polyhedrons and objects through the mortise and tenon structures on the front faces, namely the external connection function.

In the following description, plastic sheets injection molded into square, regular triangle, isosceles right triangle, rectangle, etc. are simply referred to as basic members; the basic member is inscribed into a cube, a column, a regular tetrahedron, a right-angled regular triangular pyramid, or the like, and is called a polyhedral unit. The edges of any two basic components with equal length are clamped together through mortise and tenon structures respectively arranged on the back surfaces of the basic components to be defined as inscribed; any two basic components with coincident shapes are connected together through matched mortise and tenon structures respectively arranged on the front surfaces of the basic components to be defined as external connection.

Referring to fig. 1 to 2c and 9.2, three isosceles right triangle base members 3 with waist length equal to a and one side length equal to a The mortise and tenon structures on the back surface of the regular triangle basic member 2 are inscribed to form a right-angle regular triangular pyramid unit.

Referring to fig. 1, the isosceles right triangle basic member 3 with the waist length equal to a, the line segments m, n, p are the perpendicular bisectors of the line segments AB, BC, CA, respectively. Taking each perpendicular bisector as a reference, arranging 7 tenons 31 on the right-angle side, and forming 6 virtual mortise 32 between the 7 tenons, wherein the mortise and tenon widths are equal and d; 9 tenons 31 are arranged on the oblique sides, the middle parts of the tenons are separated by 8 virtual mortise and tenon joints 32, the mortise and tenon joints are equal in width, and the mortise and tenon joints are d in width.

Please refer to fig. 2, which shows that one side length is equal toIs provided for the regular triangle base member 2. Line segments x, y, z are the perpendicular bisectors of line segments DE, EF, FD, respectively. With each perpendicular bisector as a reference, 9 tenons 21 are arranged on each side, the middle is separated by 8 virtual mortise and tenon 22, and the mortise and tenon widths are d.

If the tenon is observed in a clockwise direction, a tenon is arranged on the lower side of all the perpendicular bisectors by a line, and other tenons are arranged on two sides of the tenon at equal intervals. In this structure, when two identical isosceles right triangles and equilateral triangles are respectively combined, or the hypotenuse of the isosceles right triangle is combined with any side of the equilateral triangle, the mortise and tenon are used for connecting the two isosceles right triangles.

For example: when forming right-angled regular triangular pyramid units (fig. 9.2), the angle between the outer side of the tenons on the right-angled sides of the isosceles right-angled triangular base member 3 and the isosceles right-angled triangular base member is 90 ° (fig. 1 a); the angle between the outer side of the tenons on the oblique sides of the isosceles right triangle base member 3 and the isosceles right triangle base member is 54 ° (fig. 1 b); the angle between the outer side of the tongue on each side of the regular triangle base member and the regular triangle base member is 54 ° (fig. 2 b);

the three isosceles right triangle basic components 3 are three right angle faces of the right-angle regular triangular pyramid unit 10 in one-to-one correspondence, and two adjacent right angle edges are connected through mortise and tenon structures respectively arranged on the back surfaces of the right angle edges; the regular triangle base members 2 are the bottom surfaces of the right triangular pyramid units 10, and the hypotenuse of each isosceles right triangle base member 3 is connected with the side of the corresponding regular triangle base member 2 by mortise and tenon structures respectively provided at the back surfaces thereof.

Referring again to FIG. 9.3, four sides are equal toThe mortise and tenon structures on the back surface of the regular triangle basic member 2 are inscribed to form a regular tetrahedron unit 20; the outer side of the tenons on each side of the regular triangle-shaped base member 2 and the regular triangle-shaped base member have an included angle of 70 ° (fig. 2 a), and four regular triangle-shaped base members 2 form four sides of the regular tetrahedron unit 20 in one-to-one correspondence, and two adjacent sides are connected by mortise and tenon structures respectively provided on the back sides thereof.

The various cross-sectional views of fig. 1a, 1b, 1c, 2a and 2b are used to determine the dihedral angle at which the two faces are joined. The right-angle sides of the three isosceles right triangle basic components 3 are connected, and the angles of the two sides are 90 degrees; and then covering a regular triangle basic component 2, wherein the two angles of the matching surfaces of the regular triangle basic component and each isosceles right triangle basic component are 54 degrees. Thus, the four basic members can be inscribed into right-angled regular triangular pyramid units as shown in fig. 9.2.

When the four regular triangle basic members 2 are in involution and inscription, the dihedral angle of the adjacent two sheets is 70 degrees, and a regular tetrahedron unit as shown in fig. 9.3 can be formed.

Fig. 1d is a front view of an isosceles right triangle base member constituting a regular tetrahedron and a right triangle pyramid, the base member having a thickness of about 1.5 mm. Six connecting points which are symmetrically distributed about the perpendicular bisector of the hypotenuse are arranged on the front surface of the isosceles right triangle basic member 3, the six connecting points are sequentially arranged along the periphery according to mortise and tenon (round mortise 33 and round tenon 34), and the distance from the connecting point adjacent to the hypotenuse is equal to the distance from the connecting point adjacent to the right angle side, and the distances are K. Each connection point is located at a distance L from the perpendicular bisector of the corresponding edge. Fig. 2c is a front view of a regular triangle basic member constituting a regular tetrahedron and a right-angled regular triangular pyramid, wherein six connection points symmetrically distributed about a perpendicular bisector are arranged on the front surface of the regular triangle basic member, the six connection points are sequentially arranged along the periphery according to mortise and tenon (round mortise 23 and round tenon 24) and are equidistant from adjacent sides, K is used, and the distance from each connection point to the perpendicular bisector of the corresponding side is L.

Referring to fig. 1d, at a distance L from three perpendicular bisectors and a distance K from each side of the isosceles right triangle, two circles are respectively set, the empty circles are circular mortise holes, and the shadow circles are circular tenon. Fig. 1e is a cross-sectional view of an isosceles right triangle base member in the G-H direction (the circular mortise and circular tenon thereafter are identical to the figure, not drawn one by one). The depth of the round mortise hole is smaller than the thickness of the basic component, and the height of the round tenon is slightly smaller than the depth of the round mortise hole. The right-angled regular triangular pyramid unit 10 and the regular tetrahedron unit 20 formed by inscribing the basic members as described above can now be formed into a cube from these shaped polyhedral units. This cube may be composed of one regular tetrahedron unit 20 and four right angle regular triangular pyramid units 10. In regular tetrahedron units (each side being of side lengthThe right-angle regular triangular pyramid unit is arranged on the bottom surface (the right-angle regular triangular pyramid unit is an equilateral triangle which is congruent with each surface of the regular tetrahedron), and the mortise and tenon structures (round mortise and tenon) on the front surfaces of the two connected surfaces are used for connecting the two tetrahedrons together. The other three right-angled regular triangular pyramids are connected externally, so that a cube as shown in fig. 9.0 can be formed. The round mortise and round tenon (mortise and tenon structure) on the outer surface of the cube is a linking unit.

The composition of the cube in fig. 9.0 is relatively complex, and it can be considered that the four-time cross section of the cube gives 5 special polyhedral units, which is a relatively difficult problem of solid geometry. The three-dimensional geometrical problem solving method is characterized in that 8 small cubes with the side length of a can form a large cube with the side length of 2a, and in the large cubes with the side lengths of 8 units, the difficult-to-understand three-dimensional geometrical concepts of related lines, sections and positive 8 faces are covered, and even a difficult-to-understand three-dimensional geometrical problem is intuitively presented in front of eyes, so that a more convenient solving method is obtained.

Again, a simple way of constructing a cube is provided. The mortise and tenon structures on the back surface of the square basic component 1 with the side length equal to a are inscribed to form a cube unit; the angle between the outer side of the tongue on each side of the square basic member 1 and the square basic member is 90 ° (fig. 3 a); six square basic components 1 are six faces of a cube unit in one-to-one correspondence, and two adjacent edges are connected through mortise and tenon structures respectively arranged on the back faces of the square basic components.

Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the front and rear surface structures of the square base member 1 are shown. The mortise and tenon structure on the back and front sides of the square basic member 1 is similar to that of an isosceles right triangle basic member and a regular triangle basic member on the front side, and line segments m, n, p, q are perpendicular bisectors of line segments AB, BC, CD, DA respectively. With each perpendicular bisector as a reference, 7 tenons are arranged on each side, 6 virtual mortise and tenon joints are formed between the 7 tenons, and the widths of the mortise and tenon joints are d. Six square basic components 1 can form cube units with a side length of a through inscription, and each cube unit can be externally connected with the same cubes through mortise and tenon structures with six surfaces. I.e. by inscription of six square basic elements 1, a cube unit with an external connection function can be formed.

Eight connection points which are symmetrically distributed about a diagonal line are arranged on the front surface of the square basic member 1, are arranged along the periphery in mortise and tenon sequences (round mortise holes and round tenons) and are equidistant from adjacent edges, and are K; each connection point is located at a distance L from the corresponding perpendicular bisector.

The same dot pixel is a basic unit constituting a liquid crystal display screen, and thus, a cube unit can be considered as a basic unit constituting a three-dimensional solid.

Referring to fig. 5, 5a, 5b, 6 and 9.4, one side length is equal to the length of the other sideAnd a rectangular basic member 4 with short side length equal to a, two square basic members 1 with side length equal to a and mortise and tenon structures on the back surfaces of the isosceles right triangle basic members 3 with waist length equal to a are inscribed to form a right isosceles right triangular prism unit 30.

The mortise and tenon structure on the back and front sides of the rectangular basic member 4 is similar to that of the square basic member 1 on the front side, and the line segment m, n, p, q is the perpendicular bisector of the line segment AB, BC, CD, DA. Taking each perpendicular bisector as a reference, arranging 7 tenons on each side, forming 6 virtual mortise and tenon joints between the 7 tenons, wherein the mortise and tenon joints are equal in width and are d (see figure 5), eight connecting points are arranged on the front surface of the rectangular basic member 4, and the eight connecting points are arranged along the periphery in mortise and tenon joint sequence (round mortise holes and round tenon joints) and are equidistant from adjacent sides and are K; each connection point is located at a distance L from the corresponding perpendicular bisector.

The angle between the outer side of the tongue on the long side of the rectangular basic member 4 and the rectangular basic member is 90 ° (fig. 5 a), and the angle between the outer side of the tongue on the short side and the rectangular basic member is 45 ° (fig. 5 b); the angle between the outer side of the tongue on one side of the square basic member 1 and the square basic member is 45 ° (fig. 3 b), and the angle between the outer side of the tongue on the other side and the square basic member is 90 ° (fig. 3 a); the angle between the outer side of the tongue on each side of the isosceles right triangle base member 3 and the isosceles right triangle base member is 90 ° (fig. 1 c).

The right-angle isosceles regular triangular prism unit 30 is composed of five structural faces: two square basic members 1 with sides equal to a shown in fig. 3; two isosceles right triangle base members 3 shown in fig. 1 having a waist length equal to a; also, the rectangular base member 4 shown in fig. 5 has a triangular prism inclined surface. The inscription method is as follows:

s1, vertically inscribing two square basic components 1, wherein a tenon with a 45-degree inclination angle is opposite to an inscribed edge;

s2, inscribing the isosceles right triangle basic member 3 up and down;

s3, inscribing the rectangular basic member 4 into an inclined plane.

In this way, the right isosceles right triangular prism unit 30 shown in fig. 9.4 can be constructed. Each right-angle isosceles regular triangular prism unit has an external connection function of 5 faces. In the simplest case, a cube unit is formed by connecting (externally connecting) two such right isosceles right triangular prism units 30 in mortise and tenon structures on the front faces of the rectangular base members (see fig. 9.1).

When the three-dimensional building block is constructed, the right-angle isosceles right triangular prism unit 30 is adopted, so that the three-dimensional building block can be used as a transition between a line and a curved surface, and is smooth. More interestingly, the right-angle isosceles regular triangular prism unit 30 is a basic component unit of the Indian magic stick, and the external connection function of 5 faces of the right-angle isosceles regular triangular prism unit 30 can enable various shapes under the Indian magic stick to be more freely completed, and the shapes are richer.

Referring to fig. 7 to 8b and 9.5, three square basic members 1 with sides equal to a and two mortise and tenon structures on the back sides of the regular triangle basic members 2 with sides equal to a are connected to form a full equilateral triangular prism unit 40 (see fig. 9.5); the angle between the outer side of the tongue on each side of the regular triangle base member 2 and the regular triangle base member is 90 ° (see fig. 8 a); the angle between the outer side of the tongue on the side of the square base element 1 that is connected to the regular triangle base element 2 and the square base element is 90 ° (fig. 7 a), and the angle between the outer side of the tongue on the remaining side and the square base element is 60 ° (see fig. 7 b).

The full equilateral triangular prism unit 40 as shown in fig. 9.5 can be constructed by three square base members 1 having a side length equal to a and two regular triangular base members 2 having a side length equal to a. Six such regular triangular prism units 40 may constitute a regular hexagonal prism having regular hexagonal upper and lower planes, that is, mortise and tenon structures (circular mortise and tenon) on the front surface of the square base member 1 of the six regular triangular prism units 40 are connected to form a regular hexagonal prism having regular hexagonal upper and lower planes.

In fig. 1 to 8b, a plurality of mortise and tenon joints are used on the back of each side of each basic component, so that the basic components are tightly and firmly inscribed edge to edge, and the polyhedral units formed by the mortise and tenon joints do not plug in or pull out the loose frame when being connected with other polyhedral units. It is not necessary that the front face is inscribed with a plurality of mortise and tenon joints.

In fact, the specific positions of the mortises and mortises on the plastic sheet and the number of mortises and mortises are not critical points of the present invention, and 4 tenons (see fig. 10a to 10 f) may be adopted on the back of each edge, three tenons (see fig. 11 to 11 f) and, in the limit, two tenons (see fig. 12 to 12 f) may be adopted. Here, the angle of mortise and tenon is limited. Because the inscription of two adjacent sheets is that certain dihedral angle links to each other, and the biggest dihedral angle is 90, consequently, the perpendicular mortise and tenon of closure form can not be with two-sided involution. The mortise and tenon structure perpendicular to the edge line is adopted, and when two sides are connected in an inscription mode, the mortise and tenon are mutually inserted into the clamping position to complete inscription connection. If the three tenons are used at least, two opening tenons are arranged on two symmetrical sides of each perpendicular bisector according to one direction, the middle parts of the two tenons form a virtual mortise, and the virtual mortise and the tenons are equal in width. And the other end symmetrical to the perpendicular bisector is provided with a tenon with the same width. When the two sheets are combined, one end of the single tenon is inserted into the virtual mortise formed by the two tenons, so that inscription is completed.

Referring to fig. 10 to 10f, a structure diagram of 4 mortise and tenon joints on each side of the back is provided. Each side is positioned by three vertical lines, please refer to the BA side in fig. 10, and positioning vertical lines m1 and m2 are respectively arranged at two ends of the middle vertical line m equidistant L1. In the clockwise direction, two mortise and tenon near m2 are referred to as the lower side, and two mortise and tenon near m1 are referred to as the upper side. The two tenons on the lower side form a 3d thickness, a mortise is formed between the two tenons, and the widths of the tenons and the mortise are d. The upper edge of the upper tenon coincides with the vertical line m2, and the distance from the upper edge of the lower tenon to the vertical line m2 is 2d. The two tenons on the upper side form a thickness of 3d, a mortise is formed between the two tenons, and the widths of the tenons and the mortise are d. The upper edge of the lower tenon coincides with the vertical line m1, and the lower edge of the upper tenon is at a distance d from the vertical line m 1. The layout structure of the mortise and tenon of the AC side and the CB side is identical with the BA side. When two isosceles right triangle base members are butted as in fig. 10, the butt joint of the right-angle sides of interest is: the AB edge of an isosceles right triangle basic member is opposite to the BC edge of an isosceles right triangle basic member (the same edge is not in butt joint with the triangle), two pairs of mortise and tenon are mutually in clamping inscription, and mortise and tenon structures after clamping inscription are symmetrical along a perpendicular bisector m.

Referring to fig. 11 to 11f, a structure diagram of 3 mortise and tenon joints on each side of the back is provided, each side is positioned by three perpendicular lines, referring to BA side in fig. 11, positioning perpendicular lines m1 and m2 are respectively arranged at two ends of a perpendicular line m equidistant L1. In the clockwise direction, one mortise and tenon adjacent to m2 is referred to as the lower side, and two mortise and tenon adjacent to m1 is referred to as the upper side. Only one tenon with the thickness d is placed on the lower side, and the upper edge of the tenon coincides with the vertical line m2. The layout structure of the two mortise and tenon on the upper side in fig. 11 is identical to the two mortise and tenon on the side in fig. 10, and will not be repeated. When two isosceles right triangles are butted as in fig. 11, the butt joint of the right-angle sides of interest is: the AB edge of an isosceles right triangle basic member is opposite to the BC edge of an isosceles right triangle basic member (the same edge is not in butt joint with the triangle), then the mortise and tenon formed by two tenons are mutually clamped and inscribed with a tenon, and mortise and tenon structures after clamping and inscription are symmetrical along a perpendicular bisector m.

The four-tenon or three-tenon structure of each side of fig. 10 and 11 simplifies the multi-tenon structure, and the inscription is relatively tight without loss.

Please refer to fig. 12 to 12f, which illustrate the most essential features of the present invention, in which the inscription structure is the most simplified, i.e. only two tenons are used on each side. Whether isosceles right triangle, regular triangle, square or rectangle, no exception is taken to introduce a perpendicular bisector on each side as a reference. This is based on the feature that, when two faces of congruent shape, back and back or front and front face are facing, the two sides are inverted in respect of one side, i.e. the AOB side of one base member is opposite the COB side of the other base member (AOB is meaningless for triangles) with respect to the perpendicular bisectors of the two sides, where for illustration purposes O denotes the position of the perpendicular bisectors, i.e. the intersection of perpendicular bisectors m with AB sides or n with CB sides. When the congruent surfaces are combined, the inversion of each side relative to the perpendicular bisector is the most essential characteristic that the plane basic component can be connected in an internal and external mode. At this time, the layout of the tenons with respect to the perpendicular bisectors is easily understood. That is, whether a N, S pole structure of a magnetic material is directly adopted or a mortise and tenon structure of a mechanical type (the text refers to the two structures as a female structure and a male structure), the female and male layout symmetrical about a perpendicular bisector is such that the front face of the triangle is clockwise seen from the front face: yin, yang, and the other side of the inscription or external connection is: the internal connection or external connection can be realized on two sides only by the yang, yin, yang and yin. Other polygons and so on.

The two tenons are used for greatly simplifying the opening and the manufacturing of the plastic mould, and the lengths of the tenons in the vertical line direction can be properly larger so as to increase the joint surface between the tenons. With this structure, the inscription is very firm as long as the plastic sheet is thicker.

The advent of three-dimensional building blocks with planar structures will embody its advantages in two aspects. Firstly, the toy is an innovation and transformation of the building block toy, and provides a wider space for the building block toy. The three-dimensional building block with the planar structure is not a common building block in the common sense, and only a planar object which is fallen down when being bumped is clicked; it can be taken as a whole static object, and can be taken as an animal or even refined to eyes. The three-dimensional building blocks with planar structures are provided, and the spatial modeling and spatial concept of various objects are not deep and inaccessible. Secondly, the three-dimensional building blocks of the planar structure can become teaching aids for learning solid geometry.

All the polyhedral units forming the three-dimensional building block are inscribed by the injection-molded flaky basic components. This is a no-op limiting example of plastic processing. If the process is allowed, the plastic sheets are not needed to be connected into polyhedral units, and all the polyhedral units are blown out by a blow molding machine.

The invention makes two surfaces of the sheet basic member or polyhedral unit with overlapped shapes inscribed and externally connected together through mortise and tenon structures described in the document to form the most basic 5 polyhedral units of the three-dimensional building block: namely, a square unit (see fig. 9.1), a right regular triangular pyramid unit 10 (see fig. 9.2), a regular tetrahedron unit 20 (see fig. 9.3), a right isosceles regular triangular prism unit 30 (see fig. 9.4), and a full isosceles regular triangular prism unit 40 (see fig. 9.5).

This concept is extremely simple, but not work on a daily basis. Three of the prior art applications all involve polyhedra, however, none of them are marketed. Three patents in the background art fail for industrialization purposes. One of the most important reasons is: the framework of the polyhedral basic components is difficult or costly to implement. The present invention effectively circumvents both of these problems. Firstly, adopting a plane injection molding mode which is easy to produce, producing basic components with different shapes, and then forming a polyhedral unit by splicing through the inscription function of the basic components. Currently, blowing out these polyhedral units using a blow molding process is difficult. Another important reason is: the plane (front) mortise and tenon structure which is easy to form in the injection molding process is utilized to realize external connection, and the cost is greatly reduced.

The invention is described in terms of "inscription" and "external connection", which are very clear in meaning that an interesting toy is brought to the market by a simple production method and at a price acceptable to the audience.

This concept is of no relevance. It does not reach the perfection of the "magnetic cube" without mechanical connection. In this document, whether "inscribed" or "externally attached", it is the physical topology of the poles of the magnets N, S. Once the present invention is accepted by the market, the way of invisible attachment with magnetic sheets shown in fig. 13 will also be introduced to the market.

Referring to fig. 13 to 13d, the circular mortise and the circular tenon on the front surface of each basic member are replaced with magnetic sheets having opposite poles in one-to-one correspondence. Fig. 1d shows a mechanical mortise and tenon structure with protruding tenons. The structure of fig. 13 is similar to that of fig. 1d, and the structure is changed into a groove-shaped mortise structure. The H-G section of fig. 13a is a split rectangular mortise 5, while the U-V section of fig. 13b is two rectangular mortise 5 connected together. The drawings are connected somewhat, but not necessarily together, just like the circular mortise of fig. 1 d. The length, width and height of the mortise holes 5 are L, K, W respectively, and the sizes of all the mortise holes 5 are all consistent. If the method of FIG. 1d is used directly, the diameter and thickness of the circle are the same. The same dimensions are used for ease of design, machining and installation. During installation, attention is paid to the direction of magnetic force lines of the magnetic sheet and the N, S pole. The direction of the magnetic force lines is perpendicular to the plastic sheet, and if the N pole of the shadow surface is upward, the S pole of the non-shadow surface is upward, or vice versa. Thus, the magnetic sheet is embedded in the mortise 5 and is flush with the front surface of the basic member, the plane is not provided with a protruding tenon, and all the surfaces can be connected in an intangible way by virtue of the characteristics of the magnetic material, so that the appearance is smooth, and the operation is more convenient. Of course, an adhesive material having planar bonding properties may also replace the function of the magnetic sheet.

In the prior art, the basic components are connected into a polyhedral unit by an inscription mode whether a mortise and tenon structure in a mechanical mode or an invisible mortise and tenon structure in a magnetic sheet mode or the like is adopted.

In summary, the three-dimensional building blocks with the planar structures can form various polyhedral units through the internal connection and the external connection of the basic components, and the basic components are formed by injection molding, so that the production cost is greatly reduced.

It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the above embodiments are provided for illustration only and not for limitation of the invention, and that variations and modifications of the above described embodiments are intended to fall within the scope of the claims of the invention as long as they fall within the true spirit of the invention.

Claims

1. The three-dimensional building block with the planar structure is characterized by comprising a plurality of sheet-shaped basic components, wherein the plurality of sheet-shaped basic components comprise square basic components, regular triangle basic components, isosceles right triangle basic components and rectangular basic components;

the side length of the square basic component is equal to a; the side length of the regular triangle basic component is equal to a ora, a; the waist length of the isosceles right triangle basic member is equal to a; the long side length of the rectangular basic member is equal to +. >a, the short side length of the rectangular basic member is equal to a;

three isosceles right triangle basic members with waist length equal to a and one isosceles right triangle basic member with side length equal to aa, inscribing mortise and tenon structures on the back surface of the regular triangle basic member to form a right-angle regular triangular pyramid unit;

four of the sides are equal toa, inscribing mortise and tenon structures on the back surface of the regular triangle basic member to form a regular tetrahedron unit;

one of the long sides is equal toa, a rectangular basic member with short side length equal to a, two square basic members with side length equal to a, and mortise and tenon structures on the back surfaces of the isosceles right triangle basic members with waist length equal to a are inscribed to form a right isosceles right triangular prism unit;

2. A three-dimensional building block of planar construction according to claim 1, wherein the base member is injection molded.

3. The three-dimensional building block of planar structure according to claim 1, wherein among the basic members constituting the right triangular pyramid unit, the angle between the outer side faces of the tenons on the right sides of the isosceles right triangular basic members and the isosceles right triangular basic members is 90 °; the included angle between the outer side surface of the tenon on the hypotenuse of the isosceles right triangle basic component and the isosceles right triangle basic component is 54 degrees; the included angle between the outer side surface of the tenon on each side of the regular triangle basic member and the regular triangle basic member is 54 degrees;

4. The three-dimensional building block with a planar structure according to claim 1, wherein in each basic member constituting the regular tetrahedron unit, an included angle between an outer side face of a tenon on each side of the regular triangle basic member and the regular triangle basic member is 70 degrees, four regular triangle basic members form four faces of the regular tetrahedron unit in one-to-one correspondence, and two adjacent sides are connected through mortise and tenon structures respectively provided on the back faces thereof.

5. A three-dimensional building block of planar construction according to claim 1, wherein in each basic element constituting said cube element, the angle between the outer side of the tongue on each side of said square basic element and said square basic element is 90 °; six square basic components are six faces of the cube unit in one-to-one correspondence, and two adjacent edges are connected through mortise and tenon structures respectively arranged on the back faces of the square basic components.

6. The three-dimensional building block of a planar structure according to claim 1, wherein in each basic member constituting the right isosceles right triangular prism unit, an angle between an outer side face of a tenon on a long side of the rectangular basic member and the rectangular basic member is 90 °, and an angle between an outer side face of a tenon on a short side and the rectangular basic member is 45 °;

7. The three-dimensional building block with a planar structure according to claim 6, wherein mortise and tenon structures on the front faces of rectangular basic members of the two right isosceles right triangular prism units are connected to form a cube unit.

8. A three-dimensional building block of planar structure according to claim 1, wherein among the basic members constituting the equilateral regular triangular prism unit, the angle between the outer side face of the tenon on each side of the regular triangular basic member and the regular triangular basic member is 90 °;

9. The three-dimensional building block with a planar structure according to claim 8, wherein mortise and tenon structures on the front faces of square basic components of six congruent regular triangular prism units are connected to form a regular hexagonal prism with regular hexagonal upper and lower planes.

10. A three-dimensional building block with a planar structure according to claim 1, wherein the circular mortise and tenon on the front surface of each basic member are replaced by magnetic sheets with opposite magnetic poles in a one-to-one correspondence.