CN109817061A - A kind of calculating registration device and calculate reading method - Google Patents
A kind of calculating registration device and calculate reading method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109817061A CN109817061A CN201910271890.2A CN201910271890A CN109817061A CN 109817061 A CN109817061 A CN 109817061A CN 201910271890 A CN201910271890 A CN 201910271890A CN 109817061 A CN109817061 A CN 109817061A
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of calculating registration device, two column shift rods is at least arranged, sliding setting counts bead on shift rod；One registration model group is constituted by N column shift rod, one registration model group indicates N integers, the digital information and answer of expression are directly exported by registration model group, various mathematical information operations are carried out in each registration model group and space imagination thinking is read, plus and minus calculation can be exported directly as a result, understanding and mastering convenient for learner；The present invention can also indicate decimal, a set of element structure, two sets of operating mechanisms and mechanism by anchor point.The present invention uses " the five liters of decimal system " of visual pattern, one, bar " 5 " is changed after the shift rod lower beam of lowest order is five " 1 " full, the shift rod Man Shihou of lowest order changes one " 1 " of a high numerical digit, learner is allowed to can be visually seen full ten into one complete procedure, the process of occupy-place that is perfect and observing numerical digit this gear zero recognizes.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to teaching aid technical fields, further relate to a kind of calculating registration device.In addition, the present invention is also
It is related to a kind of calculating reading method.
Background technique
Background mathematics enlightening stage needs to help student's learning mathematics to calculate by utensils such as teaching aid, learning aid and toys；Mesh
Preceding classroom instruction plus and minus calculation generally uses idea, picture in kind, small wood etc., counts abacus even with Russia, above
Utensil uses one-to-one method of counting, is able to solve simple plus and minus calculation, but student is difficult to idea, the reality on picture
Object, small wood rise to mathematic sign and mathematics modelling thinking, i.e., are transitioned into abstract thinking, teaching effect from visual pattern thinking
Fruit is not good enough, and teacher's teaching and student's learning mathematics difficulty be not small.
For those skilled in the art, a kind of more visual in image mathematical model and use of imparting knowledge to students how to be designed
Tool learns learning aid and toy, and teaching method assists mathematical studying with teaching idea, solves generally existing mathematics school work burden
Very heavy, immunologing mathematics are difficult --- and child, children and juvenile stage are to play by mathematics, rather than playing this world subject of mathematics,
It is the current technical issues that need to address.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of calculating registration device, and learner is allowed to can be visually seen the complete procedure of " five liters of decimal system ", complete
The process of occupy-place that is whole intact and observing numerical digit this gear zero recognizes, and concrete scheme is as follows:
A kind of calculating registration device, including at least two column shift rods and the counting being slidably arranged on the shift rod
Bead；The shift rod includes the upper boom and lower beam separated by crossbeam；
N arranges the shift rod and constitutes a registration model group, and N is the integer more than or equal to 2, a registration model
Group indicates N digit, and shift rod described in each column successively indicates a numerical digit of N digit in order；
A counting bead is arranged in the upper boom of the shift rod of lowest order in one registration model group, each
It indicates quantity " 5 "；Five counting beads, each expression quantity " 1 " is arranged in lower beam；
The M counting beads, each expression are set on the shift rod of highest order in one registration model group
Quantity " 1 "；M is positive integer；
The upper boom of the shift rod in one registration model group between lowest order and highest order is arranged described in one
Count bead, each expression quantity " 5 "；Four counting beads, each expression quantity " 1 " is arranged in lower beam.
Optionally, the highest order in a registration model group is the shift rod of the leftmost side, and lowest order is most right
The shift rod of side；M is the arrangement order numerical value of the registration model group from right to left.
Optionally, the both ends limit of the shift rod is fixed on outline border；The shift rod passes through crossbeam described in same root
It is divided into upper boom and lower beam.
Optionally, shift rod described in multiple row is arranged in parallel；
For the counting bead sliding sleeve on the shift rod, the shift rod extends vertically through the crossbeam.
Optionally, the X arranged from right to left in a registration model group arranges described in the shift rod and the column of X -1
Anchor point is set between shift rod, and X is greater than the 1, integer less than or equal to N, and the anchor point indicates decimal point.
Optionally, the anchor point is arranged on the crossbeam.
Optionally, sliding slot is set along its length on the crossbeam, the anchor point can length direction along the chute it is sliding
It is dynamic.
Optionally, independent inserting groove, the anchor point grafting are set between two column shift rods adjacent on the crossbeam
Into the inserting groove.
The present invention also provides a kind of calculating reading methods, comprising:
At least one registration model group is divided, each registration model group includes N column shift rod, and N is more than or equal to 2
Integer, the shift rod is divided into upper boom and lower beam by crossbeam；One N digit, institute are indicated by a registration model group
Stating the shift rod in registration model group in order successively indicates a numerical digit of N digit；
Quantity in each numerical digit is indicated by the counting bead on the shift rod；
Quantity " 10 " are indicated by six counting beads on the shift rod of lowest order in the registration model group, by
A counting bead on upper boom indicates quantity " 5 ", indicates quantity " 1 " by a counting bead on lower beam；
Quantity " M " is indicated by the M counting beads on the shift rod of highest order in the registration model group, each
The counting bead indicates quantity " 1 "；M is positive integer；
The shift rod in the registration model group between lowest order and highest order is indicated by five counting beads
Quantity " 9 " indicates quantity " 5 " by a counting bead on upper boom；It is indicated by a counting bead on lower beam
Quantity " 1 ".
The present invention discloses a kind of calculating registration device, and two column shift rods are at least arranged, and sliding setting, which counts, on shift rod calculates
Pearl；A registration model group is made of N column shift rod, N is the integer more than or equal to 2, and a registration model group indicates N
Number, each column shift rod successively indicate a numerical digit of N digit in order, and the counting bead on the shift rod of lowest order indicates a position
It counting, the counting bead on the shift rod of a numerical digit higher than lowest order indicates tens, and so on.Shift rod includes by crossbeam point
Every upper boom and lower beam, the counting bead of upper boom indicates quantity " 5 ", and the counting bead of lower beam indicates quantity " 1 "；The gear of lowest order
A counting bead is arranged in the upper boom of position bar, and five counting beads are arranged in lower beam, and the counting bead on lowest order shift rod is in total
It can indicate " ten "；M counting bead is set on the shift rod of highest order, and M is positive integer；Gear between lowest order and highest order
A counting bead is arranged in the upper boom of bar, and four counting beads are arranged in lower beam, and the counting bead on intermediate shift rod in total can table
Show " nine ".
Calculating registration device of the invention constitutes registration model group by shift rod and counting bead, direct by registration model group
The number that output indicates is read, the plus and minus calculation carried out in registration model group can directly be read as a result, understanding the palm convenient for learner
It holds；The present invention uses " the five liters of decimal system " of visual pattern, changes one, bar after the shift rod lower beam of lowest order is five " 1 " full
" 5 ", the shift rod Man Shihou of lowest order change one " 1 " of a high numerical digit, and learner is allowed to can be visually seen full ten into one complete mistake
The process of journey, occupy-place that is perfect and observing numerical digit this gear zero recognizes.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, to embodiment or will show below
There is attached drawing needed in technical description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only this
Some embodiments of invention for those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts, can be with
It obtains other drawings based on these drawings.
Fig. 1 is the axonometric drawing provided by the invention for calculating the first embodiment of registration device；
Fig. 2A is the front view provided by the invention for calculating the first embodiment of registration device；
Fig. 2 B is the front view provided by the invention for calculating second of embodiment of registration device；
Fig. 2 C is the front view provided by the invention for calculating the third embodiment of registration device；
Fig. 2 D is the front view provided by the invention for calculating the 4th kind of embodiment of registration device.
Fig. 3 A is the dynamic schematic diagram of five liters of systems；
Fig. 3 B is metric dynamic schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 C is the schematic diagram that decimal is indicated using anchor point；
Fig. 3 D is the operation chart for the registration model group that sum is 30.
Include: in figure
Outline border 1, shift rod 3, counts bead 4, anchor point 5 at crossbeam 2.
Specific embodiment
Core of the invention is to provide a kind of calculating registration device, and learner is allowed to can be visually seen the complete of " five liters of decimal system "
It has suffered journey, the process of occupy-place that is perfect and observing numerical digit this gear zero recognizes.
In order to make those skilled in the art more fully understand technical solution of the present invention, below in conjunction with attached drawing and specifically
Embodiment, to calculating registration device of the invention and calculate reading method explanation be described in detail.
Calculating registration device provided by the invention includes shift rod 3 and counts bead 4, which is equipped with several
The shift rod 3 in two column shift rods 3 namely each registration model group is at least arranged in a registration model group, each registration model group
It may respectively be the multiple rows such as two column, three column, four column.It counts bead 4 to be slidably arranged on shift rod 3, shift rod 3 is used to calculate counting
Pearl 4 is limited, and makes counting bead 4 can be along 3 translation gliding of shift rod.
Shift rod 3 includes upper boom and lower beam, and shift rod 3 is separated to form upper boom and lower beam, i.e. a column shift rod by crossbeam 2
3 can be made of upper boom and lower beam, and upper boom and lower beam are relatively independent, play the role of stopping limit by crossbeam 2, limit to count and calculate
The motion range of pearl 4.It is relatively independent positioned at the counting bead 4 of upper boom and positioned at the counting bead 4 of lower beam, will not mutually it obscure.
But it should be noted that each column shift rod 3 other than the shift rod of highest order is respectively divided into upper boom and lower beam, highest order
Shift rod 3 can be divided into upper boom and lower beam, a complete rod piece can also be only set.
N column shift rod 3 constitutes a registration model group, and N is the integer more than or equal to 2, and a registration model group indicates N
Digit, each column shift rod 3 successively indicate one of numerical digit of N integers in order, and lowest order indicates a position, the gear of lowest order
Counting bead 4 on the bar 3 of position indicates several " 1 ", and unit is " 1 "；Adjacent more Gao Yilie shift rod 3 indicates ten, thereon
Counting bead 4 indicate several " 10 ", unit be " 10 "；High one indicates hundred again, and counting bead 4 thereon indicates several
A " 100 ", unit are " 100 "；And so on, it can indicate the number of more multidigit, arrange gear using the N in a registration model group
Counting bead on the bar of position indicates N integers.
Each column shift rod 3 and the one of numerical digit for successively indicating decimal in order according to anchor point crossbeam 2, lowest order table
Show tenths (it is since decimal lowest order that number of the invention, which reads device counting devices, --- to the lower percentile in the right tenths
Successively it is unfolded).When indicating a decimal, counting bead 4 on the shift rod 3 of lowest order indicate several " 0.1, i.e., very
One of ".When indicating two-decimal, one column shift rod 3 of lowest order indicates percentile, the counting bead 4 on the shift rod 3 of lowest order
Indicate several " 0.01, i.e., 1 percent ", and the tenths on the high-order shift rod 3 of percentile to the left counts bead 4 and indicates
Several " 0.1, i.e., 1 "/10th ... and so on.The number that can indicate more fractional digits utilizes a registration mould
The bead that counts on N column shift rod in type group indicates the intuitive imaginative thinking meter in plus-minus space of N decimals and N whole ten numbers
Several and logical thinking operation.
Numerical digit represented by each column shift rod 3 is different in each registration model group, the counting bead being arranged on various gears bar 3
4 quantity is also not exactly the same；Specifically, the shift rod 3 of lowest order is equipped with upper boom and lower beam, upper boom in a registration model group
Separated between lower beam by crossbeam 2, a counting bead 4 is arranged in the upper boom of lowest order shift rod 3, and each counting of upper boom is calculated
Pearl 4 indicates quantity " 5 ", namely indicates one " 5 " by a counting bead；Five counting beads 4, each of lower beam is arranged in lower beam
Counting bead 4 indicates quantity " 1 ", namely indicates five " 1 " by five counting beads 4；In the shift rod 3 of lowest order, upper boom
On quantity " 5 " is indicated by counting bead 4, by five countings beads 4 expressions quantity " 5 " on lower beam, lowest order shift rod 3
Quantity " 10 " can be indicated in total by counting bead 4.
M counting bead 4, each expression quantity " 1 " are set on the shift rod 3 of highest order in one registration model group；M is
Positive integer；Each counting bead 4 indicates quantity " 1 " in the shift rod 3 of highest order, therefore the shift rod 3 of highest order can be only arranged
A piece bar, without being divided into upper boom and lower beam, certainly, in order to facilitate processing, highest order, which can also be used, is divided into upper boom and lower beam
Structure.Since the quantity of the shift rod 3 in registration model group can be by needing corresponding setting, the numerical digit root that highest order indicates
Difference according to the quantity N of shift rod 3 is not also identical；If N is 2, i.e. two column bars 3 of setting in a registration model group, then one
Registration model group indicates double figures, and highest order shift rod 3 indicates ten；If N is 3, i.e. three column of setting in a registration model group
Bar 3, then registration model group indicates three digits, and highest order shift rod 3 indicates hundred, and so on can indicate more multidigit.
Shift rod 3 in one registration model group between lowest order and highest order is divided into upper boom and lower beam by crossbeam 2,
Wherein a counting bead 4 is arranged in upper boom, and each counting bead 4 indicates quantity " 5 ", namely indicates one by a counting bead
"5"；Four counting beads 4, each expression quantity " 1 " is arranged in lower beam, namely indicates four " 1 " by four counting beads 4；
Quantity " 5 " are indicated by a counting bead 4 on upper boom, indicate quantity " 4 " by four counting beads 4 on lower beam, intermediate gear
The counting bead 4 of bar 3 can indicate quantity " 9 " in total.
Calculating registration device of the invention constitutes registration model group by the shift rod 3 being arranged, the counting on shift rod 3
Bead 4 indicates the reading in each numerical digit, and when use can indicate to count by close to crossbeam 2, indicates " zero " far from crossbeam 2；Conversely,
It can also indicate to count by far from crossbeam 2, indicate " zero " close to crossbeam 2；On lowest order once five, once four and highest in interposition
Position indicates to count once five on 0~10,0~9 and 0~M, such as each group of lowest order respectively close to crossbeam 2: beam 0 and frame 10, beam
Frame 10；Beam 1 and frame 9, beam frame 10；Beam 2 and frame 8, the rest may be inferred by beam frame 10......；For another example on each group of intermediate upper level once
Four: beam 0 and frame 9, beam frame 9；Beam 1 and frame 8, beam frame 9；Beam 2 and frame 7, the rest may be inferred by beam frame 9......；For another example each group of highest
Position: beam 0 and frame 1, beam frame 1；Beam 1 and frame 1, beam frame 2；Beam 2 and frame 1, the rest may be inferred by beam frame 3.......In addition, due to lowest order
The lower beam of shift rod 3 set there are five count bead 4, by registration model group can direct reading go out indicate number, registration model
The plus and minus calculation carried out in group can directly be read as a result, understanding and mastering convenient for learner.
The present invention uses " the five liters of decimal system " of visual pattern, and full five " 1 " of the shift rod lower beam of lowest order is afterwards in replacement
One, bar " 5 ", the shift rod of lowest order replaces one " 1 " of a high numerical digit after expiring ten, and learner is allowed to can be visually seen full ten into one
Complete procedure, and traditional abacus then Man Jiujin mono-, last position need learner to complete by the imagination, not enough intuitively.
As shown in Figure 1, for the axonometric drawing provided by the invention for calculating the first embodiment of registration device, one in the embodiment
A registration model group is equipped with two column shift rods 3, and each registration model group indicates that double figures and a decimal, the device are equipped with five altogether
A registration model group amounts to 10 lever positions and 45 beads, rises progressively by the sequence of integer from right to left, the rightmost side first shows
Ten of exponential model group are " 1 ", and ten of the 5th registration model group in the leftmost side are " 5 ", and each registration model group is in addition to ten
Except, 4 quantity of counting bead of a setting is equal, one counting bead of a shift rod upper boom, five counting beads of lower beam.
On the basis of above scheme, the highest order in the present invention in a registration model group is the shift rod 3 of the leftmost side, and lowest order is
The shift rod 3 of the rightmost side, when reading, are sequential read out by sequence from left to right, identical as normal digital writing sequence, most right
The shift rod 3 of side indicates a position, and right several secondary series shift rods 3 indicate ten, and so on.M is the arrangement time of registration model group
Numerical sequence centers multiple registration model groups, the highest order setting one of first registration model group in a calculating registration dress
Two counting beads 4 are arranged in the highest order of a counting bead 4, second registration model group, and so on, the last one registration mould
M counting bead 4 is arranged in the highest order of type group, and M registration model group is arranged altogether.
The sequence of registration model group can be by being arranged successively from left to right, can also be by being arranged successively from right to left, these are specific
Set-up mode should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Shift rod 3 is a complete rod-like structure, and the both ends limit of shift rod 3 is fixed on outline border 1, and outline border 1 is one
Ring structure can be separately fixed at two opposite sides of outline border 1 for various shapes, the both ends of shift rod 3 such as rectangle, sectors
Place makes shift rod 3 form a complete entirety by outline border 1.Gear lever 3, outline border 1 and counting bead can use detachable group
The form of dress makes lever and bead can arbitrary placement.Or each registration model group can independently shape, a registration model group
For an independent entirety, each registration model group is the form detachably assembled, becomes the teaching aid, learning aid and object for appreciation of all styles of
Tool, these specific set-up modes should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Limit blocking is carried out by 1 pair of counting bead 4 of outline border, counts bead 4 in outline border 1 and 2 limited range of crossbeam
Between slide；Shift rod 3 is divided into upper boom and lower beam by same root crossbeam 2, and each column shift rod 3 is a complete rod piece, gear
Position bar 3 passes through crossbeam 2, and each shift rod 3 is divided into upper boom and lower beam by same root crossbeam 2, facilitates processing, is also convenient for dismantling
Assembling.
In addition to this, one crossbeam of setting in the structure setting of segmented, such as each column shift rod can also be used in crossbeam 2,
Crossbeam on each column shift rod is mutually independent；Or each registration model group is arranged a crossbeam, in every group of registration model group
Crossbeam it is mutually indepedent；Or each registration model group is independently arranged a crossbeam, it is movable between group and group to be converted into pentagon
The stationery goods of cylindrical pencil vase etc.
Further, the multiple row shift rod 3 in the present invention is arranged in parallel, and outline border 1 uses rectangular configuration, various gears bar
4 parallel sliding of counting bead on 3, shift rod 3 extend vertically through crossbeam 2, and the surface for counting bead 4 can act against crossbeam 2 completely
On；4 sliding sleeve of bead is counted on shift rod 3, opens up through hole on counting bead 4, shift rod 3 is passed through from through-hole,
Multiple counting beads 4 are connected on same rod, bead 4 is counted and is slided up and down along the length direction of shift rod 3, count bead
4 referred to as beam number, beam numbers when leaning against crossbeam 2 are part number；Counting referred to as frame number, frame number when bead 4 leans against outline border 1 is another portion
Score, the sum of beam number and frame number are beam frame number, and " frame number " " frame " can be used when indicating and directly add a number afterwards, and " beam number " is in table
Can be used when showing " beam " afterwards directly plus one number, " beam frame number " indicate when can be used " beam frame " afterwards directly plus one number；Beam frame
Number is sum, and setting beam number, frame number, beam frame number construct a figure-shape combination, the decomposition of visual pattern and composition, collection and son
Collection, plus-minus relation of equal quantity formula mathematical space various dimensions can dynamic operation and static imaginative thinking mathematical model.
Further, the X that calculating registration device of the invention arranges from right to left in a registration model group arranges gear
Anchor point 5 is set between position bar 3 and -1 column shift rod 3 of X, and X is greater than the 1, integer less than or equal to N, and anchor point 5 indicates small
Several points；Anchor point 5 serves as the effect of decimal point with anchor point 5 between two column shift rods 3, entire when not considering anchor point
Device indicates integer, indicates decimal when considering anchor point 5.
Anchor point 5 should be preferably arranged on crossbeam 2, not need that anchor point 5 is separately provided；And anchor point 5 is located at cross
On beam 2, in the middle and upper part position that entire outline border 1 surrounds, easy-to-read is checked.In addition to this, anchor point can also be arranged
On outline border 1, the position between two column shift rods 3 forms a decimal, two-decimal or multidigit decimal etc., these are specific real
Applying example should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
In order to further increase the flexibility ratio used, the setting structure of two kinds of anchor points 5 presented below:
The first: being arranged sliding slot along its length on crossbeam 2, anchor point 5 is an entity structure, can be caught in just sliding slot it
It is interior, anchor point 5 can direction sliding along the chute, anchor point 5 is moved to different positions by difference according to the needs of use,
It can indicate a decimal, two-decimal or multidigit decimal etc..
Second: independent inserting groove is set between two adjacent column shift rods 3 on crossbeam 2, between every two column shift rod 3
An inserting groove is respectively set, anchor point 5 is entity structure, can be inserted into or extract inserting groove, and being plugged into inserting groove indicates small
It is several, anchor point 5 is inserted into different inserting grooves, can indicate a decimal, two-decimal or multidigit decimal etc..
The present invention also provides a kind of calculating reading methods, including following procedure:
At least one registration model group is divided, each registration model group includes N column shift rod 3, and N is more than or equal to 2
Integer, shift rod 3 are divided into upper boom and lower beam by crossbeam 2；One N digit, registration model group are indicated by a registration model group
Interior shift rod 3 successively indicates a numerical digit of N digit in order.By 3 table of shift rod of lowest order in integer registration model group
Showing a position, the shift rod 3 adjacent with a position indicates ten, and so on, it can indicate multiple numerical digits such as hundred, thousand, ten thousand；Show by decimal
The expression tenths of shift rod 3 of lowest order in exponential model group, percentile ... and so on.The shift rod 3 adjacent with a position
Indicate tenths, and so on, it can indicate percentile, thousand quartiles, very much multiple numerical digits such as position.
Quantity in each numerical digit is indicated by the counting bead 4 on shift rod 3；Counting bead indicates the number of its place numerical digit
Amount, such as several " 1 " are indicated in the counting bead 4 of a shift rod, several are indicated in the counting bead 4 of ten shift rods
" 10 " indicate several " 100 " in the counting bead 4 of hundred shift rods, and so on.Multiple countings are equipped on shift rod 3
Bead 4 will count bead and pull out accordingly by beam or by can indicate to count when the position of frame, if beam or frame do not have bead mutually to lean on
Then indicate beam 0 or frame 0.Pulling out other positions does not indicate then to count, or can be considered zero.
Quantity " 10 " are indicated by six counting beads 4 on the shift rod 3 of lowest order in registration model group, the gear of lowest order
The upper boom of bar 3 is equipped with a counting bead 4, is set on lower beam there are five bead is counted, when the counting bead 4 on upper boom leans against crossbeam
2 or by respectively indicating quantity " 5 " when frame；When the counting bead 4 on lower beam leans against crossbeam 2 or by frame when respectively indicates quantity " 1 "；
Without counting when the counting bead on upper boom and lower beam is far from crossbeam 2 or far from outline border, it is expressed as " zero "；With upper boom in this method
On a countings bead 4 expression quantity " 1 " that indicates quantity " 5 ", and be located on lower beam of a counting bead 4, therefore integer
The shift rod of lowest order indicates a position, and maximum can indicate 1 × 5+5 × 1=10；The shift rod of one decimal lowest order indicates very
Position, the shift rod expression percentile ... of two decimal lowest orders and so on.
Quantity " M " is indicated by M counting bead 4 on the shift rod 3 of highest order in registration model group, each counting bead 4
It indicates quantity " 1 "；M is positive integer；Highest order can be indicated according to the counting bead being arranged on the shift rod of highest order 4 several differences
Different number, if highest order is hundred, highest order can at most indicate M " 100 ".
Five counting beads 4 are arranged in shift rod 3 in registration model group between lowest order and highest order altogether, are counted by five
Bead 4 indicates quantity " 9 ", indicates quantity " 5 " when the counting bead 4 on upper boom leans against crossbeam 2；When the counting bead on lower beam
4 lean against crossbeam 2 or by respectively indicating quantity " 1 " when frame；When the counting bead on upper boom and lower beam is far from crossbeam 2 or far from outline border
Shi Jun without counting, is expressed as " zero "；It is indicated quantity " 5 ", and is located on lower beam with a counting bead 4 on upper boom in this method
A counting bead 4 indicate quantity " 1 ", maximum can indicate 5 × 1+1 of quantity × 4=9 on each column shift rod 3.
It as shown in Figure 2 A, is the front view provided by the invention for calculating the first embodiment of registration device；Fig. 2 B is this hair
The front view of calculating registration second of embodiment of device of bright offer；Fig. 2 C be calculating registration device provided by the invention the third
The front view of embodiment；Fig. 2 D is the front view ... provided by the invention for calculating the 4th kind of embodiment of registration device successively class
It pushes away.Can be used for indicating integer, decimal and member, angle, point etc. different unit quantities calculating, mathematical linguistics is read and the mathematics model space
The imagination, spatial thought and spatial memory learning training.
It is equipped with two column shift rods 3 in each registration model group of embodiment shown in Fig. 2A, indicates double figures and a decimal
Symbol count model；It is equipped with three column shift rods 3 in each registration model group of embodiment shown in Fig. 2 B, indicates three digits and two
Signs of decimal fractions counter model；Four column shift rods 3 are equipped in each registration model group of embodiment shown in fig. 2 C, indicate four figures and
Two signs of decimal fractions counter models；It is equipped with five column shift rods 3 in each registration model group of embodiment shown in Fig. 2 D, indicates five
Number and two signs of decimal fractions counter models ....
It is illustrated for two shown in Fig. 2A:
Whole device is laid out altogether 10 column shift rods 3 and 45 and counts bead 4；It counts from right to left, on singular shift rod
Topology layout is successively are as follows: and 1 counting bead of upper boom, 5 beads of lower beam, i.e., each shift rod have " upper 1 lower 5 " to have 6 beads altogether,
It is 10 and 5 registration model, while is also in full five critical states for changing five Yu Man Shijin mono-.It counts from right to left, even numbers
Shift rod is using the upper boom not no layout of bead without exception, and lower beam space structure layout is: the lower beam of the 2nd column shift rod is equipped with 1
Count bead；The lower beam of 4th column shift rod is equipped with 2 counting beads；The lower beam of 6th column shift rod is equipped with 3 counting beads；The
The lower beam of 8 column shift rods is equipped with 4 counting beads；The lower beam of 10th column shift rod is equipped with 5 counting beads.
Fig. 2A is counted from right to left, altogether the multidimensional registration model of five registration model groups:
" 20 " registration model that first registration model group is made of first row and secondary series shift rod, i.e. first row gear
One bead of upper boom of bar has one " 5 " as unit of 5, and five beads of lower beam of first row shift rod have as unit of 1
Five " 1 ".The upper boom of secondary series shift rod does not have bead to indicate 0, and lower beam has a bead to indicate one " 10 "；Show for first group 20
The character expression of exponential model is: 20=10+10=19+1=18+2=17+3...... and so on.Or it indicates one small
Number, such as: 1.2+0.8=2；2=0.4+1.6.......2-0.7=1.3...... or 2 yuan is used up 1.2 yuan, should look for 0.8 yuan；
2 yuan are used up 0.4, should look for 1.6 yuan ... or 2 use up 4 jiaos, should look for 1 yuan 6 jiaos；2 yuan are used up 1 yuan 7 jiaos, should look for 3 jiaos ...
" 30 " registration model that second registration model group is made of third column and the 4th column shift rod, i.e. third column gear
One bead of upper boom of bar has one " 5 " as unit of 5, five beads of lower beam, and as unit of 1, there are five " 1 ".4th column
The upper boom of shift rod does not have bead to indicate 0, and lower beam has two beads to indicate two " 10 "；The symbol table of second group of 30 registration model
It is up to formula: 30=20+10=29+1=28+2=27+3...... and so on.
The expression principle of third registration model group and the 4th registration model group and so on.
5th group of " 60 " registration model being made of the 9th column and the tenth column shift rod, the i.e. upper boom of the 9th column shift rod
One bead has one " 5 " as unit of 5, five beads of lower beam, and as unit of 1, there are five " 1 ".Tenth column shift rod
Upper boom does not have bead to indicate 0, and lower beam has five beads to indicate five " 10 "；The character expression of 5th group of 60 registration model is:
60=50+10=59+1=58+2=57+3...... and so on.
As shown in Figure 3A, it is the dynamic schematic diagram of five liters of systems, indicates the dynamic process of Man Wuhuan Liang Shangwu under beam.Fig. 3 B is
Metric dynamic schematic diagram, lower five one, beam, is different from traditional Chinese abacus " bead, beam on beam by Liang Shang mono- five
The topology layout of lower four beads " 9, traditional abacus can not can be visually seen 10 or directly operation 10, can only abstractively go to think without foundation
As 9+1 full 10；And specific displaying " decimal system " of the invention, low level expire ten, Xiang Gaowei into one, visual in image, i.e. Fig. 3 B is right
Side low level shift rod 9+1 it is full 10 when, the critical state also in not high-order to the left shift rod into one；Right side low level shift rod adds
1 full 10, while shift rod high-order to the left is into one, right side low level shift rod zero, a beam number is 0 --- become occupy-place
Zero, that is, it completes to become the 10 of minimum two digits to a high position into one from maximum one digit number 9+1 full 10.
Fig. 3 C is the schematic diagram that decimal is indicated using anchor point 5；Right side the first registration model group is 2.0 registration of decimal
Model is by 1.0 groups of right side tenths shift rod ten 0.1 (on once five, 6 beads are constituted) and left side high position shift rod
At that is, two 1 2.0 registration models of composition；Right side the second registration model group is 3.0 registration models, is by right side tenths gear
Ten 0.1, bar (on once five, 6 beads are constituted) and left side high position shift rod 2.0 form, i.e., one 2.0 and one 1.0 is constituted
3.0 registration models；And so on, it is by right side tenths gear that the 5th registration model group of number, which is 6.0 registration models, from right to left
Ten 0.1, bar (on once five, 6 beads are constituted) and left side high position shift rod 5.0 form, i.e., one 5.0 and one 1.0 is constituted
6.0 registration models.
Double figures corresponding to Fig. 1 calculate registration device include 5,10,20,30,40,50,60 registration models and 2.0,
3.0,4.0,5.0,6.0 1 decimal registration models.Each group of registration model is upper and lower by thumb and index finger, and pairing is double to allocate
Bead is counted to realize the input layout of number.Or space imagination, spatial thought and spatial operation can be realized on this basis.
As long as the arbitrarily mobile bead that counts of each registration model group is one or many, can export one or many, a variety of
Mathematical information and answer.I.e. primary " pearl is dynamic to be counted ", energy is smooth, is easily accomplished " input ", " storage ", " operation " and " output "
Four big functions, and integer and fractional arithmetic are freely converted.
Or the learning experience of the static registration model space imagination of progress, spatial thought, spatial memory, and carry out a variety of numbers
Solve a problem thinking, equation free thought and mathematical thinking the imagination reading training.As Fig. 3 D (be the operable registration model of dynamic space,
It is not static registration model) shown in, for the operation chart of the registration model group of sum 30；One group of the leftmost side is blank state,
By frame number 30.Third group registration model is counted from left to right, dials pearl operation or imagination thumb is disposably stirred upwards on 4 lower beams
It counts bead and leans on beam from frame, is i.e. it is complete that disposably input, storage, operation, output of 30 number of completion frame etc. occurs in this group of disk
Process.Beam number 4 is inputted, beam quantity 4, frame number 26 and beam frame number 30 is stored in, operation can be can be visually seen: 30-4=26,30-26
=4；Or 30 can resolve into 4 and 26；Or 4 and 26 composition 30；Or 4+26=30；Or 30=4+26；Or 30=26+
(4) ... and so on known to 30 all logical operations.Each element day of all relation of equal quantity formulas of this output of process 30
So generate, it is visible, it is tangible, expect, can know answer without deliberately calculating.In Fig. 3 D other parts the rest may be inferred can table
Show the overall processes such as input, storage, operation, the output of corresponding number.
5 counting beads of lower beam can carry out following process:
" 5 decomposition ": 5 are segmented into: 1 and 4；2 and 3；3 and 2；4 and 1；5 and 0.
" 5 compositions ": 1 and 4 compositions 5；2 and 3 compositions 5；3 and 2 compositions 5；4 and 1 composition 5；5 and 0 composition 5.
" 5 odd number decomposes composition ": odd number 5 is segmented into odd number 1 and even numbers 4.Conversely, odd number plus even numbers are equal to odd number；
Odd number 5 is segmented into even numbers 2 and odd number 3.Conversely, even numbers adds odd number to be equal to odd number；Odd number 5 is segmented into odd number 3 and even numbers 2.
Conversely, odd number plus even numbers are equal to odd number；Odd number 5 is segmented into even numbers 4 and odd number 1.Conversely, even numbers adds odd number to be equal to odd number 5.
" consecutive number within 5 ": 2 consecutive number is a left side 1 and the right side 3；A 3 consecutive number left side 2 and the right side 4；Left 3 Hes of 4 consecutive number
The right side 5；Number sense reading regularity is: the consecutive number of even numbers is odd number；The consecutive number of odd number is even numbers.Consecutive number is visual in image to each other
Difference 1 is one 1 and less one 1 that is, more.
" 5 plus-minus space imagination, spatial thought and spatial memories ": 1 frame 4 of beam, beam frame 5；2 frame 3 of beam, beam frame 5；3 frame of beam
2, beam frame 5；4 frame 1 of beam, beam frame 5；5 frame 0 of beam, beam frame 5.
Frame 5 subtracts frame 1 equal to frame 4；Frame 5 subtracts frame 2 equal to frame 3；Frame 5 subtracts frame 3 equal to frame 2；Frame 5 subtracts frame 4 equal to frame 1；Frame 5 subtracts
Frame 5 is equal to frame 0.If can be reversely analogized with this by beam 5 entirely: as beam 5 subtracts beam 1 equal to beam 4；As beam 5 subtracts beam 2 equal to beam
3......
" 5 addition relation of equal quantity formulas ": part 1 plus part 4 are equal to sum 5；Part 2 plus part 3 are equal to sum 5；Part 3
Part 2 is added to be equal to sum 5；Part 4 plus part 1 are equal to sum 5；Part 5 plus part 0 are equal to sum 5.
" 5 subtraction relation of equal quantity formulas ": sum 5 subtracts part 1 equal to part 4；Sum 5 subtracts part 2 equal to part 3；Sum 5
Subtract part 3 equal to part 2；Sum 5 subtracts part 4 equal to part 1；Sum 5 subtracts part 5 equal to part 0.
" 5 plus-minus symbol logical operations ": 1+ (4)=5,5-1=4；5=(4)+1,5-1=4；5- (2)=3,5-3=
2；2+ (3)=5,5-2=3；(32)+23=55,55-23=32；12+ (43)=55,55-12=43......
" 10 plus-minus or 10 complement space imagination, spatial thought and spatial memory ":
1 frame 9 of beam, beam frame 10；2 frame 8 of beam, beam frame 10；3 frame 7 of beam, beam frame 10；4 frame 6 of beam, beam frame 10；5 frame 5 of beam, beam frame
10；6 frame 4 of beam, beam frame 10；7 frame 3 of beam, beam frame 10；8 frame 2 of beam, beam frame 10；9 frame 1 of beam, beam frame 10,10 frame 0 of beam, beam frame 10.
Frame 10 subtracts frame 1 equal to frame 9；Frame 10 subtracts frame 2 equal to frame 8；Frame 10 subtracts frame 3 equal to frame 7；Frame 10 subtracts frame 4 equal to frame 6；
Frame 10 subtracts frame 5 equal to frame 5.......If can be reversely analogized with this by beam 10 entirely: as beam 10 subtracts beam 1 equal to beam
9；As beam 10 subtracts beam 2 equal to beam 8......
" 10 addition relation of equal quantity formulas ": part 1 plus part 9 are equal to sum 10；Part 2 plus part 8 are equal to sum 10；Portion
Divide 3 part 7 is added to be equal to sum 10；Part 4 plus part 6 are equal to sum 10......；Part 10 plus part 0 are equal to total
Number 10.
" 10 subtraction relation of equal quantity formulas ": sum 10 subtracts part 1 equal to part 9；Sum 10 subtracts part 2 equal to part 8；Always
Number 10 subtracts part 3 equal to part 7......；Sum 10 subtracts part 10 equal to part 0.
" 10 plus-minus symbol logical operations ": 1+ (9)=10,10-1=9；10=(4)+6,5-6=4；10- (2)=8,
10-8=2；3+ (7)=10,5-3=7......
Fig. 3 C is a fractional arithmetic, shopping small change counts and unit concrete number converts example:
" decimal plus-minus space imagination operation in several members is read ":
One decimal 2=0.2+1.8；2-1.3=0.7；2-0.6=1.4；(0.9)+1.1=2,2-1.1=0.9；2=
0.5+ (1.5), 2-0.5=1.5；0.7+1.7=2；1.8+0.2=2......
" shopping small change space count is read ":
1 yuan is used up 0.4 yuan, answers 0.6 yuan of small change ...
1 yuan is used up 8 jiaos, should look for 2 jiaos ...
2 yuan are used up 0.2 yuan, answer 1.8 yuan of small change ...
2 yuan are used up 1 yuan 1 jiao, should look for 9 jiaos ...
3 yuan are used up 1.6 yuan, answer 1.4 yuan of small change ...
3 yuan are used up 2 yuan 4 jiaos, should look for 6 jiaos ...
... and so on.
" reading of monetary unit concrete number information converting ":
1 yuan 6 jiaos=1.6 yuan=16 jiaos, otherwise: 16 jiaos=1.6 yuan=1 yuan 6 jiaos；
2 yuan 3 jiaos=2.3 yuan=23 jiaos, otherwise: 23 jiaos=2.3 yuan=2 yuan 3 jiaos；
3 yuan 7 jiaos=3.7 yuan=37 jiaos, otherwise: 37 jiaos=3.7 yuan=3 yuan 7 jiaos；
... and so on.
Be above with lower beam five of a count beads and more than once five counting beads indicate that 10 registration model is
Example is explained explanation, can guess and learn, for double figures registration model group (including one 5) shown in FIG. 1, institute's table
The integer shown: 5,10,20,30,40,50,60, and it is related to decimal: 2.0,3.0,4.0,5.0,6.0, it carries out realizing as above
It states and counts the bead various operations that once the registration model of five beads 10 indicates with more than, including cross about units lower beam five
Anchor point on beam can transverse shifting, show concrete number identity transformation and the mobile excellent exquisite place of positioning visual in imagely.This
Invention will not enumerate herein.
The foregoing description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention.
Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, as defined herein
General Principle can be realized in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention.Therefore, this hair
It is bright to be not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, and be to fit to and the principles and novel features disclosed herein phase
Consistent widest scope.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of calculating registration device, which is characterized in that including at least two column shift rods (3) and be slidably arranged in the gear
Counting bead (4) on position bar (3)；The shift rod includes the upper boom and lower beam separated by crossbeam (2)；
N arranges the shift rod (3) and constitutes a registration model group, and N is the integer more than or equal to 2, a registration model
Group indicates N digit, and shift rod (3) described in each column successively indicates a numerical digit of N digit in order；
A counting bead (4) is arranged in the upper boom of the shift rod (3) of lowest order in one registration model group, often
A expression quantity " 5 "；Five counting beads (4), each expression quantity " 1 " is arranged in lower beam；
The M counting beads (4), Mei Gebiao are set on the shift rod (3) of highest order in one registration model group
Registration amount " 1 "；M is positive integer；
A meter is arranged in the upper boom of the shift rod (3) in one registration model group between lowest order and highest order
It figures pearl (4), each expression quantity " 5 "；Four counting beads (4), each expression quantity " 1 " is arranged in lower beam.
2. calculating registration device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the highest order in a registration model group
For the shift rod (3) of the leftmost side, lowest order is the shift rod (3) of the rightmost side；M is the registration model group from dextrad
Left arrangement order numerical value.
3. calculating registration device according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the both ends of the shift rod (3), which limit, to be fixed
On outline border (1)；The shift rod (3) is divided into upper boom and lower beam by crossbeam (2) described in same root.
4. calculating registration device according to claim 3, which is characterized in that shift rod described in multiple row (3), which is parallel to each other, to be set
It sets；
For counting bead (4) sliding sleeve on the shift rod (3), the shift rod (3) extends vertically through the crossbeam
(2)。
5. calculating registration device according to claim 4, which is characterized in that in a registration model group from right to left
The X of arrangement arranges the shift rod (3) and X -1 arranges and anchor point (5) are arranged between the shift rod (3), X for greater than 1, be less than
Or the integer equal to N, the anchor point (5) indicate decimal point.
6. calculating registration device according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the anchor point (5) is arranged in the crossbeam
(2) on.
7. calculating registration device according to claim 6, which is characterized in that be arranged along its length on the crossbeam (2)
Sliding slot, the anchor point (5) can along the chute length direction sliding.
8. calculating registration device according to claim 7, which is characterized in that two adjacent column gears on the crossbeam (2)
Independent inserting groove is set between bar (3), and the anchor point (5) is plugged into the inserting groove.
9. a kind of calculating reading method characterized by comprising
At least one registration model group is divided, each registration model group includes N column shift rod (3), and N is more than or equal to 2
Integer, the shift rod (3) is divided into upper boom and lower beam by crossbeam (2)；One N are indicated by a registration model group
It counts, the shift rod (3) in the registration model group successively indicates a numerical digit of N digit in order；
Quantity in each numerical digit is indicated by the counting bead (4) on the shift rod (3)；
Quantity " 10 " are indicated by six counting beads (4) on the shift rod (3) of lowest order in the registration model group,
Quantity " 5 " are indicated by a counting bead (4) on upper boom, number is indicated by a counting bead (4) on lower beam
It measures " 1 "；
Quantity " M " is indicated by the M counting beads (4) on the shift rod (3) of highest order in the registration model group, often
A counting bead (4) indicates quantity " 1 "；M is positive integer；
The shift rod (3) in the registration model group between lowest order and highest order is by five counting bead (4) tables
Registration amount " 9 " indicates quantity " 5 " by a counting bead (4) on upper boom；By a counting bead on lower beam
(4) quantity " 1 " is indicated.
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| CN1208186A (en) * | 1998-09-28 | 1999-02-17 | 何志东 | Multifunctional plus and minus abacus |
| CN1601508A (en) * | 2004-10-08 | 2005-03-30 | 余丽萍 | Electronic abacus and its operation method |
| CN101853046A (en) * | 2010-05-04 | 2010-10-06 | 东莞市正幸电器有限公司 | Child abacus |
| CN101989386A (en) * | 2009-08-03 | 2011-03-23 | 赵海波 | Number displaying color changing abacus |
| CN103309396A (en) * | 2013-07-12 | 2013-09-18 | 姜吉国 | 18-particle multiple-movable-beam variable abacus |
| CN204650343U (en) * | 2015-06-10 | 2015-09-16 | 张学德 | A kind of number dish for preschool education |
| CN209912254U (en) * | 2019-04-04 | 2020-01-07 | 宋亚飞 | Counting and displaying device |
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2019
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN85200176U (en) * | 1985-04-01 | 1986-01-01 | 长春市文具厂 | Magnetic teaching abacus |
| CN1208186A (en) * | 1998-09-28 | 1999-02-17 | 何志东 | Multifunctional plus and minus abacus |
| CN1601508A (en) * | 2004-10-08 | 2005-03-30 | 余丽萍 | Electronic abacus and its operation method |
| CN101989386A (en) * | 2009-08-03 | 2011-03-23 | 赵海波 | Number displaying color changing abacus |
| CN101853046A (en) * | 2010-05-04 | 2010-10-06 | 东莞市正幸电器有限公司 | Child abacus |
| CN103309396A (en) * | 2013-07-12 | 2013-09-18 | 姜吉国 | 18-particle multiple-movable-beam variable abacus |
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