CN109814152A - A kind of infrasound sensor and its implementation - Google Patents
A kind of infrasound sensor and its implementation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of infrasound sensor and its implementation, belong to seismic monitoring system field.Infrasound sensor of the present invention includes plastic shell, circuit board and lead-out wire containing single-chip microcontroller, acceleration transducer；Acceleration transducer is connected with single-chip microcontroller on the circuit board, using the strong plastic shell of leakproofness and waterproofness by circuit board enclosed package.Implementation method of the present invention includes: mode setting；Mounting device；Read infrasound signals；Infrasound signals go to interfere；Infrasound signals Frenguency chage；Send data；Circulatory monitoring.Enclosed package of the present invention is placed at underground or deep water, detects subsurface seismic omen infrasonic sound.The device have the characteristics that it is at low cost, easy to use, simple and reliable, small in size, be easy to carry about with one and install.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of infrasound sensor and its implementation, belong to seismic monitoring system field.
Background technique
Violent earthquake causes great disaster to the mankind, and 21 century violent earthquake is increased, and the prediction of violent earthquake is very anxious
Compel.As research of the mankind to earthquake is more and more deep, numerous studies data shows to send out ground in Seismogenic Process
Shake infrasound.If can the infrasonic characteristic of earthquake be analyzed and be monitored, this will be the hair shake of foreseeing earthquake in advance
Moment, earthquake centre and earthquake magnitude provide very big help, this will also will be greatly reduced the harm of earthquake, so we are detection the earth
Shake omen infrasound provides a solution.Numerous scholars carry out research and have found the infrasonic feature of violent earthquake omen: 7
Grade or more violent earthquake shake first 10 days or so in can receive infrasonic sound abnormal signal；The infrasonic sound abnormal signal of the overwhelming majority is maximum
Acoustic pressure is more than 100dB；The abnormal frequency range of earthquake abnormal infrasonic wave signal is 10-3Hz magnitude；From the point of view of the Energy distribution of spectrogram,
Energy focuses mostly in 0.0015~0.0045Hz.It can be distinguished with other natural infrasonic sounds and artificial infrasonic sound by these characteristics
Come.Existing infrasound sensor volume is big, at high cost, uses complex, thus leads to existing seismic monitoring mode
It is at high cost, it uses complex, has more interference, so detecting the method for earthquake in the world using infrasonic monitoring mode
It is still a very stubborn problem.Therefore, designing a suitable infrasound sensor is urgent for seismic monitoring etc.
It is essential and wants.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is the present invention provides a kind of infrasound sensor and its implementation, to be used for
It is at high cost to solve existing seismic monitoring mode, uses complex, there is the problem of more interference.
The technical scheme is that: a kind of infrasound sensor, including plastic shell 1, single-chip microcontroller 2, acceleration transducer 3；
Wherein acceleration transducer 3 is connected with single-chip microcontroller 2, and acceleration transducer 3 and single-chip microcontroller 2 pass through 1 enclosed package of plastic shell simultaneously
It is embedded in underground, the plastic shell strong using leakproofness and waterproofness of plastic shell 1.
Further, the acceleration transducer 3 uses nine axle sensor of MPU-9250.
Further, the acceleration transducer 3 can be replaced with three analog acceleration sensors, instead of rear, sensing
Device can according to need addition low-pass filter circuit and amplifying circuit, can collect infrasonic sound in analog acceleration sensor in this way
It after signal, is filtered out by the other signals that low-pass filter circuit will be above required infrasound signals highest frequency, using putting
Big circuit carries out signal amplification, can control the sensitivity of sensor as needed, by three analog acceleration sensors with
Orthogonal mode is put, to simulate the detection that 3-axis acceleration sensor carries out sound source amplitude, frequency, orientation.
Further, the acceleration transducer 3 is communicated by i2c and is connected with single-chip microcontroller 2, and single-chip microcontroller 2 uses
STM32F103；Wherein, the SCL mouth of MPU-9250 connects the PB5 mouth of single-chip microcontroller 2, and the SDA mouthfuls of PB6 mouths for connecing single-chip microcontroller 2, VCC mouthfuls connect
VCC, GND mouthfuls of power supply ground connection.
Further, the acceleration transducer 3 is connected by SPI communication with single-chip microcontroller 2, and single-chip microcontroller 2 uses
STM32F103；Wherein, the SCLK mouth of MPU-9250 connects the PA15 mouth of single-chip microcontroller 2, the SDI mouthfuls of PB3 mouths for connecing single-chip microcontroller 2, and SDO mouthfuls
Connect the PB4 mouth of single-chip microcontroller 2, the NCS mouthfuls of PB7 mouths for connecing single-chip microcontroller 2, VCC mouthfuls connect power supply VCC, GND mouthfuls of ground connection.
Further, the connection of the acceleration transducer 3, single-chip microcontroller 2 and plastic shell 1 is dry connection, and uses spiral shell
Silk is fixed, and the power supply of single-chip microcontroller 2 and serial ports are exported by USB line, when infrasound sensor is embedded in more than earth's surface 5
When at the underground of meter Shen or deep water, USB line needs plus repeater, and the junction of plastic shell 1 is then carried out heat-seal processing,
The junction of plastic shell 1 and USB line package tinfoil and gluing processing are simultaneously placed desiccant in inside and are fixed, then will dress
It sets and is embedded at underground or deep water.
A kind of implementation method of infrasound sensor, specific step is as follows for the implementation method:
A, mode setting: there are three types of operating modes for sensor, are general sound detection mode, general infrasound detection mould respectively
Formula and low frequency infrasound detection mode, the audio detection range of general sound detection mode accelerate in 20Hz to 800Hz for detecting
Spend the quality of sensor 3, the audio detection range of general infrasound detection mode is low for detecting earthquake infrasonic sound in 1Hz to 20Hz
The audio detection range of frequency sound detection mode is in 0.001Hz to 0.005Hz, for detecting seismic precursor infrasound signals, is passing
After sensor powers on, the initial operation mode of default is low frequency infrasound detection mode, sends character string to sensor by serial ports
" mode1 ", operating mode will be set as general sound detection mode, send character string " mode2 " to device by serial ports, work
Mode will be set as general infrasound detection mode, send character string " mode3 " to device by serial ports, operating mode will be set as
Low frequency infrasound detection mode；
B, mounting device: being set as general sound detection mode in operating mode, and having detected acceleration transducer 3 can be normal
After use, acceleration transducer 3 is connect with single-chip microcontroller 2 it is errorless after be placed on leakproofness and the strong plastic shell of waterproofness
In 1, and the connection of acceleration transducer 3, single-chip microcontroller 2 and plastic shell 1 is dry connection, and is fixed with screw, and will
The power supply and serial ports of single-chip microcontroller 2 are exported by USB line, convenient to power and transmit data to device, when device needs are embedded in
When more than at the underground of 5 meters of depths of earth's surface or deep water, USB line needs plus repeater, and the junction of plastic shell is then carried out heat
The junction package tinfoil and gluing of encapsulation process, plastic shell and USB line handle and place desiccant in inside and fix,
Reach waterproof, dampproof effect, because sound propagation loss in solid and liquid is far below in gas propagation loss, then
Device is embedded at underground or deep water, Lai Zengjia device detects the sensitivity of infrasonic sound, sets after placing, then by operating mode
It is set to low frequency infrasound detection mode, and character string " RESET " is sent to device by serial ports, is initialized；
C, read infrasound signals: Setting pattern and after installing device reads signal by acceleration transducer,
The value of reading is the value of the acceleration of three fluctuations on three-dimensional cartesian coordinate system direction, due to defaulting the acceleration transducer used
It is nine axle sensor of MPU-9250, it is capacitance acceleration transducer, its principle is when sensor is in the feelings of acceleration
Under condition, internal mass block can cause to deviate due to inertia force, so that the capacitance of its internal capacitance is changed, pass through capacitance
Variable quantity detects the value of acceleration, and the propagation of sound is also the propagation of energy, will cause the matter inside acceleration transducer
Gauge block carries out forced vibration, causes the capacitance of its internal capacitance to change, allows to detect acceleration value, forced vibration
Amplitude it is related with the amplitude of sound source, frequency, the frequency of forced vibration and the frequency of sound source are identical, when frequency is constant, are forced to
The amplitude of vibration and the amplitude of sound source are directly proportional, and the frequency of sound source is closer to the intrinsic frequency of forced vibration object, forced oscillation
Dynamic amplitude is bigger, and the amplitude of the acoustic pressure of sound source and sound source, frequency relation are as follows:
P=2 π crhoAf
Wherein, P is the acoustic pressure of focus, and c is the velocity of sound, and rho is sound source density, and A is the amplitude of sound source, and f is the frequency of sound source,
As can be seen that the amplitude of acoustic pressure and sound source is directly proportional when frequency is identical, so when frequency is identical, acoustic pressure and forced vibration
Amplitude it is also directly proportional, and amplitude of the acceleration transducer Internal moving mass in forced vibration and its detect the acceleration of fluctuation
The amplitude of angle value is also directly proportional, so acoustic pressure and acceleration transducer detect that the amplitude of the acceleration value of fluctuation is also directly proportional,
Its relationship is as follows:
P=ka
Wherein P is the acoustic pressure of focus, and a is the amplitude of the acceleration value of detected fluctuation, and k is proportionality coefficient, and sound
For the frequency in source closer to the intrinsic frequency of forced vibration object, the amplitude of forced vibration is bigger, so ratio at different frequencies
Example coefficient k is different, and its proportionality coefficient of different acceleration transducers k is also different in addition sensor locating for geography
Position is different, and proportionality coefficient k is also different, and the acceleration transducer inside device and plastic shell are dry connection, institute
With when detecting infrasonic sound, the shell and plastic shell of internal acceleration transducer can take the lead in that forced vibration occurs, and internal
Acceleration transducer Internal moving mass can and plastic shell occur forced vibration, also will increase the sensitive of sensor in this way
Degree, but can also change its proportionality coefficient k, it so needing to test it, can determine proportionality coefficient k, be embedded in sensor
With rear at underground or deep water, sending character string " record " to device by serial ports makes sensor enter recording mode, then uses
One can produce 0 to 0.005Hz infrasonic instrument to generate the infrasound that pressure is 10Pa, since 0.0015Hz, often
Every two seconds frequency increments 0.00015Hz, until 0.0045Hz, sensor can calculate the proportionality coefficient k of this 21 groups of frequencies
Value, and stored, then sending character string " normal " to device by serial ports makes sensor come back to low frequency
Infrasound detection mode starts to read infrasound signals；
D, infrasound signals go to interfere: single-chip microcontroller 2 is after receiving the data come transmitted by acceleration transducer 3, when adding
Velocity sensor 3 be MPU9250 sensor when, can by second-order low-pass filter algorithm to the signal detected on three directions into
Row filtering calculates, and the acoustic signals other than the maximum value more than required frequency is filtered out, second-order low-pass filter algorithm is as follows:
Wherein, YnFor this filtered value, xnFor this sampled value, Yn-1For last time filtered value, Yn-2It is upper
Secondary filtered value, a and b are filter factor, and the value of a is as follows:
Wherein fHFor cutoff frequency, so, as long as determining cutoff frequency, it can determine that the value of filter factor a, the value of b is such as
Under:
B=T2
Wherein T is sampling interval duration, so just can determine that filter factor after program sets sampling interval duration
The value of b, when acceleration transducer 3 is three analog acceleration sensors put with orthogonal manner, directly to each simulation
Acceleration transducer is filtered using low-pass filter circuit, and uses amplifying circuit as needed, no matter uses step low-pass
Filtering algorithm or low-pass filter circuit, cutoff frequency are disposed as 0.0045Hz, when using second-order low-pass filter algorithm,
Its sample frequency is set as 0.0096Hz；
E, infrasound signals Frenguency chage: after step D, single-chip microcontroller is to the signal on filtered three directions point
Not carry out sample frequency 0.0096Hz, 64 points of FFT transform, i.e. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), it can be transformed to time-domain signal
Frequency-region signal both can guarantee that the frequency error of gained signal was lower, and also can guarantee that algorithm was gathered around using 64 points of FFT transform algorithm
There is lower amount of storage, reduce the requirement to single-chip microcontroller, amplitude a corresponding to each frequency can be found out by following formula:
Wherein, ax、ay、azFor each frequency on three-dimensional cartesian coordinate system direction corresponding three amplitudes, then frequency
Amplitude a corresponding to frequency in 0.0015Hz to 0.0045Hz is multiplied by the corresponding proportionality coefficient k stored in step C
After, so that it may obtain the amplitude of infrasound signals corresponding to the frequency in 0.0015Hz to 0.0045Hz；
F, send data: single-chip microcontroller is after receiving the data come transmitted by acceleration transducer, by low-pass filtering
After algorithm and fft algorithm, resulting data are three infrasound signals amplitudes and corresponding time on three-dimensional cartesian coordinate system direction
Acoustical signal frequency can be calculated infrasound signals amplitude and specific infrasonic sound Sounnd source direction using algorithm, will measure number with serial ports
According to being sent；
G, circulatory monitoring:
After sensor powers on and sets operating mode and installs, sensor can repeat step C, D, E, F.
The course of work of the invention is:
The first step, mode setting: there are three types of operating modes for sensor, are general sound detection mode, general infrasonic sound respectively
Detection pattern and low frequency infrasound detection mode, the audio detection range of general sound detection mode is in 20Hz to 800Hz, for examining
The quality of acceleration pick-up sensor, the audio detection range of general infrasound detection mode is in 1Hz to 20Hz, for detecting earthquake time
Sound, the audio detection range of low frequency infrasound detection mode is in 0.001Hz to 0.005Hz, for detecting seismic precursor infrasound signals,
On a sensor after electricity, the initial operation mode of default is low frequency infrasound detection mode, sends word to sensor by serial ports
Symbol string " mode1 ", operating mode will be set as general sound detection mode, send character string " mode2 " to device by serial ports,
Operating mode will be set as general infrasound detection mode, send character string " mode3 " to device by serial ports, operating mode will be set
It is set to low frequency infrasound detection mode；
Second step, mounting device: it is set as general sound detection mode in operating mode, having detected acceleration transducer can
After normal use, so that it may the installation for carrying out device, by the connection of each module it is errorless after be placed on leakproofness and waterproofness
In strong plastic shell, and the connection of each module and plastic shell is dry connection, and is fixed with screw, and by single-chip microcontroller
Power supply and serial ports exported by USB line, it is convenient to power and transmit data to device, when device needs are embedded in more than earth's surface
When at the underground of 5 meters of depths or deep water, USB line needs plus repeater, then by the junction of plastic shell carry out heat-seal processing,
The junction of plastic shell and USB line package tinfoil and gluing processing are simultaneously placed desiccant in inside and are fixed, anti-to reach
Water, dampproof effect finally will dresses because sound propagation loss in solid and liquid is far below the propagation loss in gas
It sets and is embedded at underground or deep water, the sensitivity of Lai Zengjia device detection infrasonic sound sets low for operating mode after placing
Frequency sound detection mode, and character string " RESET " is sent to device by serial ports, it is initialized；
Third step reads infrasound signals: Setting pattern and after installing device, is read by acceleration transducer
Signal, the value of reading are the value of the acceleration of three fluctuations on three-dimensional cartesian coordinate system direction, due to defaulting the acceleration used
Sensor is nine axle sensor of MPU-9250, it is capacitance acceleration transducer, its principle is accelerated when sensor is in
In the case where degree, internal mass block can cause to deviate due to inertia force, so that the capacitance of its internal capacitance is changed, pass through
The variable quantity of capacitance detects the value of acceleration, and the propagation of sound is also the propagation of energy, be will cause in acceleration transducer
The mass block in portion carries out forced vibration, causes the capacitance of its internal capacitance to change, allows to detect acceleration value, by
The amplitude for compeling vibration is related with the amplitude of sound source, frequency, and the frequency of forced vibration and the frequency of sound source are identical, constant in frequency
When, the amplitude of forced vibration and the amplitude of sound source are directly proportional, and the frequency of sound source is closer to the intrinsic frequency of forced vibration object,
The amplitude of forced vibration is bigger, and the amplitude of the acoustic pressure of sound source and sound source, frequency relation are as follows:
P=2 π crhoAf
Wherein, P is the acoustic pressure of focus, and c is the velocity of sound, and rho is sound source density, and A is the amplitude of sound source, and f is the frequency of sound source,
As can be seen that the amplitude of acoustic pressure and sound source is directly proportional when frequency is identical, so when frequency is identical, acoustic pressure and forced vibration
Amplitude it is also directly proportional, and amplitude of the acceleration transducer Internal moving mass in forced vibration and its detect the acceleration of fluctuation
The amplitude of angle value is also directly proportional, so acoustic pressure and acceleration transducer detect that the amplitude of the acceleration value of fluctuation is also directly proportional,
Its relationship is as follows:
P=ka
Wherein P is the acoustic pressure of focus, and a is the amplitude of the acceleration value of detected fluctuation, and k is proportionality coefficient, and sound
For the frequency in source closer to the intrinsic frequency of forced vibration object, the amplitude of forced vibration is bigger, so ratio at different frequencies
Example coefficient k is different, and its proportionality coefficient of different acceleration transducers k is also different in addition sensor locating for geography
Position is different, and proportionality coefficient k is also different, and the acceleration transducer inside device and plastic shell are dry connection, institute
With when detecting infrasonic sound, the shell and plastic shell of internal acceleration transducer can take the lead in that forced vibration occurs, and internal
Acceleration transducer Internal moving mass can and plastic shell occur forced vibration, also will increase the sensitive of sensor in this way
Degree, but can also change its proportionality coefficient k, it so needing to test it, can determine proportionality coefficient k, be embedded in sensor
With rear at underground or deep water, sending character string " record " to device by serial ports makes sensor enter recording mode, then uses
One can produce 0 to 0.005Hz infrasonic instrument to generate the infrasound that pressure is 10Pa, since 0.0015Hz, often
Every two seconds frequency increments 0.00015Hz, until 0.0045Hz, sensor can calculate the proportionality coefficient k of this 21 groups of frequencies
Value, and stored, then sending character string " normal " to device by serial ports makes sensor come back to low frequency
Infrasound detection mode starts to read infrasound signals；
4th step, infrasound signals go to interfere: single-chip microcontroller receive transmitted by acceleration transducer come data after, when
It, can be by second-order low-pass filter algorithm to the signal detected on three directions when acceleration transducer is MPU9250 sensor
It is filtered calculating, the acoustic signals other than the maximum value more than required frequency are filtered out, prevent from causing testing result
Interference, second-order low-pass filter algorithm are as follows:
Wherein, YnFor this filtered value, xnFor this sampled value, Yn-1For last time filtered value, Yn-2It is upper
Secondary filtered value, a and b are filter factor, and the value of a is as follows:
Wherein fHFor cutoff frequency, so, as long as determining cutoff frequency, so that it may determine the value of filter factor a, the value of b
It is as follows:
B=T2
Wherein T is sampling interval duration, so after program sets sampling interval duration, so that it may determine filtering system
The value of number b, when acceleration transducer is three analog acceleration sensors put with orthogonal manner, directly to each simulation
Acceleration transducer is filtered using low-pass filter circuit, and can use amplifying circuit as needed, no matter low using second order
Pass filter algorithm or low-pass filter circuit, cutoff frequency are disposed as 0.0045Hz, are using second-order low-pass filter algorithm
When, sample frequency is set as 0.0096Hz；
5th step, infrasound signals Frenguency chage: after the 4th step, single-chip microcontroller is on filtered three directions
Signal carries out the FFT transform of sample frequency 0.0096Hz, at 64 points respectively, i.e. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), it can be time-domain signal
It is transformed to frequency-region signal, using 64 points of FFT transform algorithm, both can guarantee that the frequency error of gained signal was lower, and also can guarantee
Algorithm possesses lower amount of storage, reduces the requirement to single-chip microcontroller, and amplitude a corresponding to each frequency can be asked by following formula
Out:
Wherein, ax、ay、azFor each frequency on three-dimensional cartesian coordinate system direction corresponding three amplitudes, then frequency
Amplitude a corresponding to frequency in 0.0015Hz to 0.0045Hz is multiplied by the corresponding proportionality coefficient stored in third step
After k, so that it may obtain the amplitude of infrasound signals corresponding to the frequency in 0.0015Hz to 0.0045Hz；
6th step sends data: single-chip microcontroller is after receiving the data come transmitted by acceleration transducer, by low pass
After filtering algorithm and fft algorithm, resulting data are three infrasound signals amplitudes and right on three-dimensional cartesian coordinate system direction
Infrasound signals frequency is answered, can be calculated infrasound signals amplitude and specific infrasonic sound Sounnd source direction using algorithm, will be surveyed with serial ports
Data are obtained to be sent；
7th step, circulatory monitoring:
After sensor powers on and sets operating mode and installs, sensor can repeat Step 3: four,
Five, six.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention is using sound, the propagation loss in solid and liquid is far below in gas
Device enclosed package is placed at underground or deep water by the principle of propagation loss, and Lai Zengjia device detects the sensitivity of infrasonic sound, is made
It is used lower cost, to reach the detection effect of high cost high accuracy infrasound sensor, the present invention possesses at low cost, user
Just, simple and reliable, small in size, the features such as being easy to carry about with one and installing.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is structural block diagram of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the circuit diagram of embodiment 1 in the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the circuit diagram of embodiment 2 in the present invention；
Each label in figure: 1- plastic shell, 2- single-chip microcontroller, 3- acceleration transducer.
Specific embodiment
In the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1: as shown in Figs. 1-2, a kind of infrasound sensor, including plastic shell 1, single-chip microcontroller 2, acceleration transducer
3；Wherein acceleration transducer 3 is connected with single-chip microcontroller 2, and acceleration transducer 3 and single-chip microcontroller 2 pass through 1 enclosed package of plastic shell
And it is embedded in underground, the plastic shell strong using leakproofness and waterproofness of plastic shell 1.
Further, the acceleration transducer 3 uses nine axle sensor of MPU-9250.
Further, the acceleration transducer 3 is communicated by i2c and is connected with single-chip microcontroller 2, and single-chip microcontroller 2 uses
STM32F103；Wherein, the SCL mouth of MPU-9250 connects the PB5 mouth of single-chip microcontroller 2, and the SDA mouthfuls of PB6 mouths for connecing single-chip microcontroller 2, VCC mouthfuls connect
VCC, GND mouthfuls of power supply ground connection.
Nine axle sensor of MPU-9250 (i.e. U2) is led to single-chip microcontroller 2 (i.e. U1) by a data wire and a clock line
Letter, single-chip microcontroller U1 generates clock pulses, address signal, data-signal in bus, and nine axle sensor U2 of MPU-9250 is then
Address wire, data line, control line are combined into the signal wire of a serially-transmitted data, this mode signal wire in a serial fashion
Less, circuit connection is simple, saves system resource and board area；External AX5043 wireless transport module (i.e. U3) and monolithic
Machine U1 is connected by way of serial ports, and another AX5043 wireless transport module is connected by way of serial ports with host computer
It connects, host computer is also possible to other CPU devices either computer, so that the device can not only be used for an independent system
System, can also be used as a sensor module to participate in other systems.
Further, the connection of the acceleration transducer 3, single-chip microcontroller 2 and plastic shell 1 is dry connection, and uses spiral shell
Silk is fixed, and the power supply of single-chip microcontroller 2 and serial ports are exported by USB line, when infrasound sensor is embedded in more than earth's surface 5
When at the underground of meter Shen or deep water, USB line needs plus repeater, and the junction of plastic shell 1 is then carried out heat-seal processing,
The junction of plastic shell 1 and USB line package tinfoil and gluing processing are simultaneously placed desiccant in inside and are fixed, then will dress
It sets and is embedded at underground or deep water.
A kind of implementation method of infrasound sensor, specific step is as follows for the implementation method:
A, mode setting: there are three types of operating modes for sensor, are general sound detection mode, general infrasound detection mould respectively
Formula and low frequency infrasound detection mode, the audio detection range of general sound detection mode accelerate in 20Hz to 800Hz for detecting
Spend the quality of sensor 3, the audio detection range of general infrasound detection mode is low for detecting earthquake infrasonic sound in 1Hz to 20Hz
The audio detection range of frequency sound detection mode is in 0.001Hz to 0.005Hz, for detecting seismic precursor infrasound signals, is passing
After sensor powers on, the initial operation mode of default is low frequency infrasound detection mode, sends character string to sensor by serial ports
" mode1 ", operating mode will be set as general sound detection mode, send character string " mode2 " to device by serial ports, work
Mode will be set as general infrasound detection mode, send character string " mode3 " to device by serial ports, operating mode will be set as
Low frequency infrasound detection mode；
B, mounting device: being set as general sound detection mode in operating mode, and having detected acceleration transducer 3 can be normal
After use, acceleration transducer 3 is connect with single-chip microcontroller 2 it is errorless after be placed on leakproofness and the strong plastic shell of waterproofness
In 1, and the connection of acceleration transducer 3, single-chip microcontroller 2 and plastic shell 1 is dry connection, and is fixed with screw, and will
The power supply and serial ports of single-chip microcontroller 2 are exported by USB line, convenient to power and transmit data to device, when device needs are embedded in
When more than at the underground of 5 meters of depths of earth's surface or deep water, USB line needs plus repeater, and the junction of plastic shell is then carried out heat
The junction package tinfoil and gluing of encapsulation process, plastic shell and USB line handle and place desiccant in inside and fix,
Reach waterproof, dampproof effect, because sound propagation loss in solid and liquid is far below in gas propagation loss, then
Device is embedded at underground or deep water, Lai Zengjia device detects the sensitivity of infrasonic sound, sets after placing, then by operating mode
It is set to low frequency infrasound detection mode, and character string " RESET " is sent to device by serial ports, is initialized；
C, read infrasound signals: Setting pattern and after installing device reads signal by acceleration transducer,
The value of reading is the value of the acceleration of three fluctuations on three-dimensional cartesian coordinate system direction, due to defaulting the acceleration transducer used
It is nine axle sensor of MPU-9250, it is capacitance acceleration transducer, its principle is when sensor is in the feelings of acceleration
Under condition, internal mass block can cause to deviate due to inertia force, so that the capacitance of its internal capacitance is changed, pass through capacitance
Variable quantity detects the value of acceleration, and the propagation of sound is also the propagation of energy, will cause the matter inside acceleration transducer
Gauge block carries out forced vibration, causes the capacitance of its internal capacitance to change, allows to detect acceleration value, forced vibration
Amplitude it is related with the amplitude of sound source, frequency, the frequency of forced vibration and the frequency of sound source are identical, when frequency is constant, are forced to
The amplitude of vibration and the amplitude of sound source are directly proportional, and the frequency of sound source is closer to the intrinsic frequency of forced vibration object, forced oscillation
Dynamic amplitude is bigger, and the amplitude of the acoustic pressure of sound source and sound source, frequency relation are as follows:
P=2 π crhoAf
Wherein, P is the acoustic pressure of focus, and c is the velocity of sound, and rho is sound source density, and A is the amplitude of sound source, and f is the frequency of sound source,
As can be seen that the amplitude of acoustic pressure and sound source is directly proportional when frequency is identical, so when frequency is identical, acoustic pressure and forced vibration
Amplitude it is also directly proportional, and amplitude of the acceleration transducer Internal moving mass in forced vibration and its detect the acceleration of fluctuation
The amplitude of angle value is also directly proportional, so acoustic pressure and acceleration transducer detect that the amplitude of the acceleration value of fluctuation is also directly proportional,
Its relationship is as follows:
P=ka
Wherein P is the acoustic pressure of focus, and a is the amplitude of the acceleration value of detected fluctuation, and k is proportionality coefficient, and sound
For the frequency in source closer to the intrinsic frequency of forced vibration object, the amplitude of forced vibration is bigger, so ratio at different frequencies
Example coefficient k is different, and its proportionality coefficient of different acceleration transducers k is also different in addition sensor locating for geography
Position is different, and proportionality coefficient k is also different, and the acceleration transducer inside device and plastic shell are dry connection, institute
With when detecting infrasonic sound, the shell and plastic shell of internal acceleration transducer can take the lead in that forced vibration occurs, and internal
Acceleration transducer Internal moving mass can and plastic shell occur forced vibration, also will increase the sensitive of sensor in this way
Degree, but can also change its proportionality coefficient k, it so needing to test it, can determine proportionality coefficient k, be embedded in sensor
With rear at underground or deep water, sending character string " record " to device by serial ports makes sensor enter recording mode, then uses
One can produce 0 to 0.005Hz infrasonic instrument to generate the infrasound that pressure is 10Pa, since 0.0015Hz, often
Every two seconds frequency increments 0.00015Hz, until 0.0045Hz, sensor can calculate the proportionality coefficient k of this 21 groups of frequencies
Value, and stored, then sending character string " normal " to device by serial ports makes sensor come back to low frequency
Infrasound detection mode starts to read infrasound signals；
D, infrasound signals go to interfere: single-chip microcontroller 2 is after receiving the data come transmitted by acceleration transducer 3, when adding
Velocity sensor 3 be MPU9250 sensor when, can by second-order low-pass filter algorithm to the signal detected on three directions into
Row filtering calculates, and the acoustic signals other than the maximum value more than required frequency is filtered out, second-order low-pass filter algorithm is as follows:
Wherein, YnFor this filtered value, xnFor this sampled value, Yn-1For last time filtered value, Yn-2It is upper
Secondary filtered value, a and b are filter factor, and the value of a is as follows:
Wherein fHFor cutoff frequency, so, as long as determining cutoff frequency, it can determine that the value of filter factor a, the value of b is such as
Under:
B=T2
Wherein T is sampling interval duration, so just can determine that filter factor after program sets sampling interval duration
The value of b, when acceleration transducer 3 is three analog acceleration sensors put with orthogonal manner, directly to each simulation
Acceleration transducer is filtered using low-pass filter circuit, and uses amplifying circuit as needed, no matter uses step low-pass
Filtering algorithm or low-pass filter circuit, cutoff frequency are disposed as 0.0045Hz, when using second-order low-pass filter algorithm,
Its sample frequency is set as 0.0096Hz；
E, infrasound signals Frenguency chage: after step D, single-chip microcontroller is to the signal on filtered three directions point
Not carry out sample frequency 0.0096Hz, 64 points of FFT transform, i.e. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), it can be transformed to time-domain signal
Frequency-region signal both can guarantee that the frequency error of gained signal was lower, and also can guarantee that algorithm was gathered around using 64 points of FFT transform algorithm
There is lower amount of storage, reduce the requirement to single-chip microcontroller, amplitude a corresponding to each frequency can be found out by following formula:
Wherein, ax、ay、azFor each frequency on three-dimensional cartesian coordinate system direction corresponding three amplitudes, then frequency
Amplitude a corresponding to frequency in 0.0015Hz to 0.0045Hz is multiplied by the corresponding proportionality coefficient k stored in step C
After, so that it may obtain the amplitude of infrasound signals corresponding to the frequency in 0.0015Hz to 0.0045Hz；
F, send data: single-chip microcontroller is after receiving the data come transmitted by acceleration transducer, by low-pass filtering
After algorithm and fft algorithm, resulting data are three infrasound signals amplitudes and corresponding time on three-dimensional cartesian coordinate system direction
Acoustical signal frequency can be calculated infrasound signals amplitude and specific infrasonic sound Sounnd source direction using algorithm, be connected with serial ports
AX5043 wireless transport module sends data measured, receives data with another AX5043 wireless transport module；
G, circulatory monitoring:
After sensor powers on and sets operating mode and installs, sensor can repeat step C, D, E, F.
Embodiment 2: such as Fig. 1, shown in Fig. 3, a kind of infrasound sensor and its implementation, the present embodiment and 1 phase of embodiment
Together, wherein the difference is that:
Further, the acceleration transducer 3 is connected by SPI communication with single-chip microcontroller 2, and single-chip microcontroller 2 uses
STM32F103；Wherein, the SCLK mouth of MPU-9250 connects the PA15 mouth of single-chip microcontroller 2, the SDI mouthfuls of PB3 mouths for connecing single-chip microcontroller 2, and SDO mouthfuls
Connect the PB4 mouth of single-chip microcontroller 2, the NCS mouthfuls of PB7 mouths for connecing single-chip microcontroller 2, VCC mouthfuls connect power supply VCC, GND mouthfuls of ground connection.
Nine axle sensor of MPU-9250 (i.e. U2) selects signal wire by two data lines, a heel piece with single-chip microcontroller 2 (i.e. U1)
Communicated with a clock line, this mode transmission speed faster, and when needing multiple nine axle sensors of MPU-9250 only
It needs to control each nine axle sensor of MPU-9250 by piece choosing with single-chip microcontroller U1；Air202 (i.e. U3) and single-chip microcontroller U1 passes through
The mode of serial ports connects, and Air202U3 is the signal transmission module of Ali's cloud, it can be by an Internet of Things card directly by data
It is sent in the account of Ali's cloud, display and other calculating is then carried out in Ali's cloud platform, this mode is easy to use, can
To be checked and be arranged with computer and mobile communications device whenever and wherever possible, so that host computer is more flexible, do not have to limit
It on a host computer, but can not be participated in sensor as a module in other systems, an independence can only be used as
System come using.
Step F, send data: single-chip microcontroller is after receiving the data come transmitted by acceleration transducer, by low pass
After filtering algorithm and fft algorithm, resulting data are three infrasound signals amplitudes and right on three-dimensional cartesian coordinate system direction
Infrasound signals frequency is answered, infrasound signals amplitude and specific infrasonic sound Sounnd source direction is can be calculated using algorithm, is connected with serial ports
Air202 module sends data measured, transmits data in specific Ali's cloud account, is further processed；
Embodiment 3: as shown in Figure 1-3, a kind of infrasound sensor and its implementation, the present embodiment is same as Example 1,
Wherein the difference is that:
Further, the acceleration transducer 3 can be replaced with three analog acceleration sensors, instead of rear, sensing
Device can according to need addition low-pass filter circuit and amplifying circuit, can collect infrasonic sound in analog acceleration sensor in this way
It after signal, is filtered out by the other signals that low-pass filter circuit will be above required infrasound signals highest frequency, using putting
Big circuit carries out signal amplification, can control the sensitivity of sensor as needed, by three analog acceleration sensors with
Orthogonal mode is put, to simulate the detection that 3-axis acceleration sensor carries out sound source amplitude, frequency, orientation.
The advantages of this mode, is, according to the component model in self-designed low-pass filter circuit and amplifying circuit
And parameter, transducer sensitivity required for oneself can be configured more flexiblely, and hardware filtering circuit not will receive and adopt
The influence of sample frequency will not be influenced by the single-chip microcontroller speed of service, and filter effect can be more preferable, but hardware circuit becomes more,
And ADC mouthfuls there are two general sensors, and which needs three analog acceleration sensors, so at least needing two lists
Piece machine causes cost to become more, and sensor is bigger heavier.
Specific embodiments of the present invention are explained in detail above in conjunction with attached drawing, but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned realities
Example is applied, it within the knowledge of a person skilled in the art, can also be without departing from the purpose of the present invention
Various changes can be made.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of infrasound sensor, it is characterised in that: including plastic shell (1), single-chip microcontroller (2), acceleration transducer (3)；Its
Middle acceleration transducer (3) is connected with single-chip microcontroller (2), and acceleration transducer (3) is close by plastic shell (1) with single-chip microcontroller (2)
It closes and encapsulates and be embedded in underground.
2. infrasound sensor according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the acceleration transducer (3) uses MPU-
9250 9 axle sensors.
3. infrasound sensor according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the acceleration transducer (3) use three with
The analog acceleration sensor that orthogonal manner is put, each analog acceleration sensor include low-pass filter circuit and amplification electricity
Road.
4. infrasound sensor according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the acceleration transducer (3) is secondary for acquiring
Acoustical signal is filtered out by other signals that low-pass filter circuit will be above required infrasound signals highest frequency, by amplification
Circuit carries out signal amplification, is put in an orthogonal manner by three analog acceleration sensors, accelerates to simulate three axis
Spend the detection that sensor carries out sound source amplitude, frequency, orientation.
5. infrasound sensor according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the acceleration transducer (3) is communicated by i2c
It is connected with single-chip microcontroller (2), single-chip microcontroller (2) uses STM32F103；Wherein, the SCL mouth of MPU-9250 meets the PB5 of single-chip microcontroller (2)
Mouthful, the SDA mouthful PB6 mouths for connecing single-chip microcontroller (2), VCC mouthfuls meet power supply VCC, and GND mouthfuls are grounded.
6. infrasound sensor according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the acceleration transducer (3) passes through SPI communication
It is connected with single-chip microcontroller (2), single-chip microcontroller (2) uses STM32F103；Wherein, the SCLK mouth of MPU-9250 meets the PA15 of single-chip microcontroller (2)
Mouthful, the SDI mouthfuls of PB3 mouths for connecing single-chip microcontroller (2), the SDO mouthfuls of PB4 mouths for connecing single-chip microcontroller (2), the NCS mouthfuls of PB7 mouths for connecing single-chip microcontroller (2),
VCC mouthfuls connect power supply VCC, GND mouthfuls of ground connection.
7. infrasound sensor according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the acceleration transducer (3), single-chip microcontroller (2)
Connection with plastic shell (1) is dry connection, and is fixed with screw, and by the power supply and serial ports of single-chip microcontroller (2)
It is exported by USB line, when infrasound sensor is embedded in more than at the underground of 5 meters of depths of earth's surface or deep water, USB line needs plus relaying
The junction of plastic shell (1) is then carried out heat-seal processing, the junction package tinfoil of plastic shell (1) and USB line by device
And gluing handles and places desiccant in inside and fix, and then device is embedded at underground or deep water.
8. a kind of implementation method of infrasound sensor, it is characterised in that: specific step is as follows for the implementation method:
A, mode setting: sensor there are three types of operating mode, be respectively general sound detection mode, general infrasound detection mode and
Low frequency infrasound detection mode, the audio detection range of general sound detection mode are passed in 20Hz to 800Hz for detecting acceleration
The quality of sensor (3), the audio detection range of general infrasound detection mode is in 1Hz to 20Hz, for detecting earthquake infrasonic sound, low frequency
The audio detection range of infrasound detection mode is in 0.001Hz to 0.005Hz, for detecting seismic precursor infrasound signals, is sensing
After device powers on, the initial operation mode of default is low frequency infrasound detection mode, sends character string to sensor by serial ports
" mode1 ", operating mode will be set as general sound detection mode, send character string " mode2 " to device by serial ports, work
Mode will be set as general infrasound detection mode, send character string " mode3 " to device by serial ports, operating mode will be set as
Low frequency infrasound detection mode；
B, mounting device: it is set as general sound detection mode in operating mode, having detected acceleration transducer (3) can normally make
After, acceleration transducer (3) is connect with single-chip microcontroller (2) it is errorless after be placed on outside leakproofness and the strong plastics of waterproofness
In shell (1), and the connection of acceleration transducer (3), single-chip microcontroller (2) and plastic shell (1) is dry connection, and is carried out with screw
It is fixed, and the power supply of single-chip microcontroller (2) and serial ports are exported by USB line, when device needs are embedded in more than 5 meters of depths of earth's surface
When at underground or deep water, USB line needs plus repeater, and the junction of plastic shell is then carried out heat-seal processing, outside plastics
The junction of shell and USB line package tinfoil and gluing processing are simultaneously placed desiccant in inside and are fixed, and are then embedded in device
It at underground or deep water, then by operating mode sets low frequency infrasound detection mode, and character string is sent to device by serial ports
" RESET ", is initialized；
C, read infrasound signals: Setting pattern and after installing device reads signal by acceleration transducer (3),
The value of reading is the acceleration value of three fluctuations on three-dimensional cartesian coordinate system direction, and the acoustic pressure of focus and detected fluctuation
Acceleration value relationship it is as follows:
P=ka
Wherein P is the acoustic pressure of focus, and a is the amplitude of the acceleration value of detected fluctuation, and k is proportionality coefficient, in sensor
It is embedded at underground or deep water with rear, sending character string " record " to device by serial ports makes sensor enter recording mode, so
0 to 0.005Hz infrasonic instrument can be generated with one afterwards to generate the infrasound that pressure is 10Pa, since 0.0015Hz,
Every two seconds frequency increments 0.00015Hz, until 0.0045Hz, sensor calculated the proportionality coefficient k of this 21 groups of frequencies
Value, and stored, then sending character string " normal " to device by serial ports makes sensor come back to low frequency
Infrasound detection mode starts to read infrasound signals；
D, infrasound signals go to interfere: single-chip microcontroller (2) is after receiving the data come transmitted by acceleration transducer (3), when adding
It, can be by second-order low-pass filter algorithm to the signal detected on three directions when velocity sensor (3) is MPU9250 sensor
It is filtered calculating, the acoustic signals other than the maximum value more than required frequency are filtered out, second-order low-pass filter algorithm is such as
Under:
Wherein, YnFor this filtered value, xnFor this sampled value, Yn-1For last time filtered value, Yn-2For the filter of upper last time
Value after wave, a and b are filter factor, and the value of a is as follows:
Wherein fHFor cutoff frequency, so, as long as determining cutoff frequency, it can determine that the value of filter factor a, the value of b are as follows:
B=T2
Wherein T is sampling interval duration, so just can determine that filter factor b's after program sets sampling interval duration
Value directly adds each simulation when acceleration transducer (3) are three analog acceleration sensors put with orthogonal manner
Velocity sensor is filtered using low-pass filter circuit, and uses amplifying circuit as needed, no matter is filtered using step low-pass
Wave algorithm or low-pass filter circuit, cutoff frequency are disposed as 0.0045Hz, when using second-order low-pass filter algorithm,
Sample frequency is set as 0.0096Hz；
E, infrasound signals Frenguency chage: after step D, single-chip microcontroller (2) is to the signal on filtered three directions point
Not carry out sample frequency 0.0096Hz, 64 points of FFT transform, i.e. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), by time-domain signal change for frequency letter
Number, amplitude a corresponding to each frequency is found out by following formula:
Wherein, ax、ay、azFor each frequency on three-dimensional cartesian coordinate system direction corresponding three amplitudes, then frequency is existed
Amplitude a corresponding to frequency in 0.0015Hz to 0.0045Hz multiplied by the corresponding proportionality coefficient k stored in step C with
Afterwards, the amplitude of infrasound signals corresponding to the frequency in 0.0015Hz to 0.0045Hz is just obtained；
F, send data: single-chip microcontroller (2) is after receiving the data come transmitted by acceleration transducer (3), by low pass filtered
After wave algorithm and fft algorithm, resulting data are the three infrasound signals amplitudes and correspondence on three-dimensional cartesian coordinate system direction
Infrasound signals frequency can be calculated infrasound signals amplitude and specific infrasonic sound Sounnd source direction using algorithm, will be measured with serial ports
Data are sent；
G, circulatory monitoring:
After sensor powers on and sets operating mode and installs, sensor can repeat step C, D, E, F.
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| CN110531407A (en) * | 2019-08-05 | 2019-12-03 | 珠海市泰德企业有限公司 | Acceleration sensor module and its measurement application method in earthquake intensity instrument |
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