CN109807269A - A kind of abnormity constructs the design method of blank - Google Patents
A kind of abnormity constructs the design method of blank Download PDFInfo
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- CN109807269A CN109807269A CN201910003085.1A CN201910003085A CN109807269A CN 109807269 A CN109807269 A CN 109807269A CN 201910003085 A CN201910003085 A CN 201910003085A CN 109807269 A CN109807269 A CN 109807269A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the design methods that a kind of abnormity constructs blank, it is designed using shape of the finite element modelling to hourglass shape blank, it include: (1) since original state, calculate the pushing process of blank, blank is depressed into certain deflection, then cuts off stock side due to pushing the bulge generated；(2) longitudinal centre line along section takes several reference points, carries out retrospectively calculate, acquires section and take each reference point corresponding position in the initial state, using the initial position of these reference points as the design considerations of blank shape；(3) Modeling Calculation is carried out to the designed blank shape of initial position according to reference point, verifies the bulge situation in identical drafts；(4) according to the bulge situation of first Modeling Calculation, blank shape design size is modified, makes blank shape when being deformed into identical drafts, obvious bulge phenomenon will not be generated.This method can effectively avoid the defects of issuable unstability during blank forging, folding, cracking.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the manufacturing technologies of metal material, and in particular to a kind of abnormity constructs the design method of blank.
Background technique
When preparing band large-scale metal material or composite material, existing method is proposed using slab, forging stock, strip plate as base
Multiple primitives are packaged together by member after processing and clean by surface, and interface internal is made to keep high vacuum state, then
Apply the forge welding process between Upsetting, forging with the characteristics of heat preservation, multiway forging, it is final to prepare band large-scale metal device.At these
In method, the shape of prefabricated blank is rectangular shape or cylindrical shape, during constructing, rectangular shape or cylindrical
The blank of shape is easy cracking in maximum bulge position (stock side center) weld seam.This is because maximum bulge position (base
Material center side position) stress can constantly reduce with the increase of deflection, compression, eventually become 0, if continue deformation should
The stress of position translates into tensile stress.The stress state on surface is by bulge extent control.Bulge is more serious, and surface is drawn and answered
Power is bigger.When drawing stress on surface is greater than weld strength, weld cracking will result in.
Abnormity constructs base with its own advantage, and Chinese patent application 201710837992.7 discloses a kind of profiled metal
Manufacturing process is constructed, by the way that hourglass shape module is made in prefabricated blank, then to implementation after the heating of hourglass shape module along short transverse
Upsetting and forging between keep the temperature, by prefabricated blank smithwelding at blank, blank can be finally processed into component or part.Hourglass shape
Constructing blank can make the deformation of upsetting process concentrate on interface location, and avoid the generation of drawing stress on surface, keep blank equal
Evenly by compared with huge pressing stress, hence it is evident that improve the tensile stress state of blank surface.As it can be seen that abnormity constructs base with interface location face
Product is small, and deformation is concentrated, and required pressure is smaller, and feature low for equipment requirements can be realized under lesser pressure and construct blank
Interface cohesion.But constructing the shape of base due to abnormity is a kind of polymorphic structure, very big with conventional blank appearance difference, if base
Material configuration design is improper to will lead to stress raisers, in forging process the problems such as generation unstability, folding, or occurs in forging
Crackle, therefore, it is necessary to study the design method that a kind of abnormity that accuracy and reliability is high constructs blank shape.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is constructing the sShape features of blank for abnormity, the design side that a kind of abnormity constructs blank is provided
Method prevents from cracking to effectively avoid bulge deformation of the blank in upsetting process.
Technical scheme is as follows: a kind of abnormity constructs the design method of blank, using the method for finite element modelling
The shape of hourglass shape blank is designed, is included the following steps:
(1) since original state, the pushing process of blank is calculated, blank is depressed into certain deflection, then cuts off base
Expect side due to pushing the bulge generated；
(2) longitudinal centre line along section takes several reference points, carries out retrospectively calculate, acquires section and each reference point is taken to exist
Corresponding position when original state, using the initial position of these reference points as the design considerations of blank shape；
(3) Modeling Calculation carried out to the designed blank shape of initial position according to reference point, verifying with step (1)
Bulge situation when identical drafts；
(4) according to the bulge situation of first Modeling Calculation, blank shape design size is modified, blank shape is made to exist
When being deformed into identical drafts, obvious bulge phenomenon will not be generated, so that it is determined that the outer dimension that blank is final.
Further, abnormity as described above constructs the design method of blank, wherein blank initial shape described in step (1)
It is stock of square or cylinder blank or the blank of other space symmetr shapes when state.
Further, abnormity as described above constructs the design method of blank, wherein the deformation of blank in step (1)
Amount is 20%-35%.
Further, abnormity as described above constructs the design method of blank, wherein carries out blank shape in step (2) and sets
The side of blank is carried out symmetric design, is formed hourglass shape blank by timing on the basis of the initial position of the reference point.
Further, abnormity as described above constructs the design method of blank, wherein described in step (4) to blank outside
Shape design size, which is modified, to be referred to and does smooth transition processing to blank middle position.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention is directed to special-shaped blank and proposes a kind of Exterior Surface Design, by reversed
The mode of calculating is designed the shape of anisotropic blank, and this method can effectively avoid issuable mistake in subsequent forging process
Surely, the defects of folding.Practical forging result is compared with the analogue value, scale error very little is found, to demonstrate model
Accuracy and the design method validity.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the Exterior Surface Design flow chart that abnormity of the invention constructs blank；
Fig. 2-1 is hourglass shape stainless steel blank shape sectional view in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2-2 is hourglass shape stainless steel blank shape perspective view in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3-1 is stress envelope when blank reduction ratio is 30% in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3-2 is diagram of strains when blank reduction ratio is 30% in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4-1 is the hourglass shape stainless steel blank shape sectional view after optimizing in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4-2 is the hourglass shape stainless steel blank shape perspective view after optimizing in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5-1 is stress envelope of blank reduction ratio when being 30% after optimizing in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5-2 is diagram of strains of blank reduction ratio when being 30% after optimizing in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is that abnormity constructs the schematic diagram after 30% Upsetting of blank in the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
The present invention is designed the shape of hourglass shape blank using Finite Element Method, and design method step is for example attached
Shown in Fig. 1.
Step 1: calculating the pushing process of blank since original state, blank is depressed into certain deflection (20%-
35%), the bulge that then excision stock side is generated due to pushing；It can be stock of square or cylinder when blank original state
Blank, or be also possible to the blank of other space symmetr shapes, such as it is hexagon, eight prismatic；
Step 2: the longitudinal centre line along a section takes several reference points, retrospectively calculate is carried out, section is acquired and takes respectively
Reference point corresponding position in the initial state, using the initial position of these reference points as the design considerations of blank shape；With
On the basis of the initial position of the reference point, each side of blank either outer circumference surface is subjected to symmetric design, is formed husky
Leak shape blank；
Step 3: carry out Modeling Calculation to the designed blank shape of initial position according to reference point, verifying with step
Bulge situation when a rapid identical drafts；Round hourglass shape blank Stress distribution and original shape in deformation process
Stock of square is different, with blank shape that section point be reference when being deformed into identical drafts, has slight bulge appearance；
Step 4: being modified to blank shape design size, according to the bulge situation of first Modeling Calculation in blank
Between position do smooth transition processing, make blank shape when being deformed into identical drafts, obvious bulge phenomenon will not be generated, thus
Determine the final outer dimension of blank.
One: 135t stainless steel of embodiment constructs the configuration design of blank
Blank shape design method is constructed according to above-mentioned abnormity, the shape for constructing blank to 135t stainless steel is designed.
Design content is not generate obvious bulge phenomenon when making blank deformation 30%.
1. the 135t stainless steel blank simulation of long 2052mm* wide 2052mm* high 4000mm is calculated and pushes 30%, and cut off
The bulge of side.
2. section is divided into 16 sections, the location information of corresponding section reference point is obtained, as shown in table 1, to obtain drum
The distribution character of tripe shape.In table 1, A is classified as distance of each reference point in the longitudinal direction relative to blank middle position, and B is classified as respectively
Distance of the reference point corresponding position after bulge deformation relative to the initial side of blank.According to isometric principle, reversely counted
It calculates, after comprehensively considering lifting, forging, sealing welding technique for extra link, determines that tilt angle is 70 °, big end side length 2548mm, small end side length
1500mm, specific size is as shown in Fig. 2-1.
Table 1
| Reference point | A | B |
| 1 | 1400 | 7 |
| 2 | 1225 | 18 |
| 3 | 1050 | 72 |
| 4 | 875 | 140 |
| 5 | 700 | 208 |
| 6 | 525 | 276 |
| 7 | 350 | 343 |
| 8 | 175 | 411 |
| 9 | 0 | 479 |
| 10 | 175 | 411 |
| 11 | 350 | 343 |
| 12 | 525 | 276 |
| 13 | 700 | 208 |
| 14 | 875 | 140 |
| 15 | 1050 | 72 |
| 16 | 1225 | 18 |
| 17 | 1400 | 7 |
3. a pair new base shape simulates calculating again and pushes 30%, it is found that the outside at intermediate position has the phenomenon that strain is concentrated,
As shown in Fig. 3-1,3-2.Therefore, outer dimension needs re-start optimization.
4. the middle of pair blank seamlessly transits, the outer dimension after optimization is as shown in Fig. 4-1.Simulation, which calculates, to be pushed
After 30%, the Strain Distribution at each position of blank is uniform, and middle position strain is maximum and is evenly distributed.So that it is determined that final ruler
It is very little.
The stress and strain distribution in blank section when Fig. 3-1 and Fig. 3-2 is 135t hourglass shape blank drafts 30% respectively.
As seen from the figure, when being depressed into 30%, blank shape substantially belongs to rectangular, and the stress distribution of compression direction is more uniform, all in pressure
Stress state, compared with other positions, compression is larger for middle section.As can be seen that each position of blank from diagram of strains
Strain Distribution also more uniformly, middle position strain is maximum and is evenly distributed.But there is strain and concentrate in the outside at intermediate position
The phenomenon that, caused by not seamlessly transitted as the middle of initial blank shape mainly.
Prioritization scheme has mainly done smooth transition processing to blank middle position, blank cross sectional shape such as Fig. 4-after optimization
Shown in 1, Fig. 4-2 is the hourglass shape blank shape after optimization.
Fig. 5-1 and Fig. 5-2 is the stress in blank section when drafts 30% after the optimization of 135t hourglass shape blank shape respectively
And Strain Distribution.As seen from the figure, when being depressed into 30%, blank shape is square, as can be seen that each portion of blank from diagram of strains
Also more uniformly, middle position strain is maximum and is evenly distributed for the Strain Distribution of position.The stress distribution of compression direction is more uniform,
All in compressive stress state, compared with other positions, compression is larger for middle section, unstressed concentration phenomenon.Surface portion
Value of compressive stress is maximum, can effectively prevent weld cracking, and enhance the soldering effect of metal interface.
The configuration design of two: Q345 abnormity blank of embodiment is verified
The Q345 abnormity blank designed through the above method, along short transverse Upsetting 30%, outer dimension schematic diagram is shown in
Fig. 6.Wherein the simulation calculating of each position size and measured value comparing result are shown in Table 2.
The simulation of table 2 is calculated to be compared with measured value
| Position Number | Survey size | Simulate size |
| 1 | 1210 | 1092 |
| 2 | 1240 | 1180 |
| 3 | 1124 | 1144 |
| 4 | 1184 | 1092 |
| 5 | 957 | 955 |
Practical forging result is compared with the analogue value, it can be found that scale error very little, to demonstrate model
The validity of accuracy and the design method.
Obviously, various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from essence of the invention by those skilled in the art
Mind and range.If in this way, belonging to the model of the claims in the present invention and its equivalent technology to these modifications and changes of the present invention
Within enclosing, then the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of abnormity constructs the design method of blank, the shape of hourglass shape blank is set using the method for finite element modelling
Meter, includes the following steps:
(1) since original state, the pushing process of blank is calculated, blank is depressed into certain deflection, then cuts off blank side
Face is due to pushing the bulge generated；
(2) longitudinal centre line along a section takes several reference points, carries out retrospectively calculate, acquires section and each reference point is taken to exist
Corresponding position when original state, using the initial position of these reference points as the design considerations of blank shape；
(3) Modeling Calculation is carried out to the designed blank shape of initial position according to reference point, verified identical as step (1)
Bulge situation when drafts；
(4) according to the bulge situation of first Modeling Calculation, blank shape design size is modified, is deforming blank shape
When to identical drafts, obvious bulge phenomenon will not be generated, so that it is determined that the outer dimension that blank is final.
2. the design method that abnormity as described in claim 1 constructs blank, it is characterised in that: at the beginning of blank described in step (1)
It is stock of square or cylinder blank or the blank of other space symmetr shapes when beginning state.
3. the design method that abnormity as described in claim 1 constructs blank, it is characterised in that: blank is described in step (1)
Deflection is 20%-35%.
4. the design method that abnormity as claimed in claim 2 constructs blank, it is characterised in that: carried out outside blank in step (2)
When shape designs, on the basis of the initial position of the reference point, the side of blank is subjected to symmetric design, forms hourglass shape base
Material.
5. the design method that abnormity as described in claim 1 constructs blank, it is characterised in that: to base described in step (4)
Material configuration design size, which is modified, to be referred to and does smooth transition processing to blank middle position.
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| CN201910003085.1A CN109807269B (en) | 2019-01-02 | 2019-01-02 | Design method of special-shaped building blank |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910003085.1A CN109807269B (en) | 2019-01-02 | 2019-01-02 | Design method of special-shaped building blank |
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