CN109802737A - A kind of root mean square angle spread acquisition methods of 3D mimo channel modeling - Google Patents
A kind of root mean square angle spread acquisition methods of 3D mimo channel modeling Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses the root mean square angle spread acquisition methods that the present invention proposes a kind of 3D mimo channel modeling, the following steps are included: S1, according to the geometrical property of power azimuth spectrum PAS, multipath form factor is obtained, and the angle spread factor, angle compressibility factor and maximum decline direction factor are obtained according to it；S2, decline direction factor according to the angle spread factor, angle compressibility factor and maximum, obtains azimuthal root mean square wave number extension in 3D channel；S3, the relationship with root mean square angle spread is extended according to azimuthal root mean square wave number, obtains channel angle and extends modifying factor；S4, modifying factor is extended according to channel angle, obtains azimuthal root mean square angle spread in 3D channel；Solves the problems, such as bad adaptability of the existing technology and computationally intensive.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of communication fields, and in particular to a kind of root mean square angle expansion of 3D mimo channel modeling
Open up acquisition methods.
Background technique
When studying the communications field, we are frequently necessary to the property of testing communication system or communication unit
Energy.But in the case of wireless communication, field test generally requires to expend huge manpower and material resources, and wireless channel is usual
Be it is changeable, once test twice can not accurately measure desired result.So in the research of wireless communication field,
The emulation of software or hardware is the means being commonly used.This requires us to have a relatively accurate channel model to emulation
Support is provided, this demand promotes the development of Channel Modeling.
Channel Modeling describes the feature of the various aspects of channel just as mathematical modeling with the mode of mathematics.People exist
To radio magnetic wave theory, theory of random processes, communication theory research and field survey in, the statistics of channel has gradually been determined
Characteristic, and thus set up the channel model for different scenes.
Actual physics channel is a random process, be the time, space, frequency function.In the wireless communication of early stage,
People are of less demanding to transmission rate, transmission accuracy rate, and channel model also only establishes the channel model of single input output.In movement
Internet era, mobile data flow are in explosive growth, and the research of 5G mobile communication has become hot topic instantly.And 5G is logical
Letter has higher requirement to the rate of information throughput, and the higher channel model of precision is also just needed to come support programs or hardware
Simulation study.
From SISO channel to mimo channel, the considerations of modeling process is increased between Antenna Correlation, from SISO channel to
Mimo channel further considers the influence of antenna elevation angle, so that channel model is more in line with actual physical channel, imitates
It is very more accurate, improve spectrum efficiency.
The research of traditional 2D mimo channel model is based primarily upon two-dimensional surface expansion, has ignored the influence factor at the elevation angle,
It has not been suitable for studying 3D MIMO technology.In order to study 3D MIMO the relevant technologies deeper into ground, needing to establish accordingly can essence
The 3D mimo channel model of quasi- description 3D mimo system feature.Previous academic research is usually by spatial correlation matrix reality
Now the channel model based on correlation or channel modeling is carried out based on ray, however must be realized using specific frequency spectrum
Temporal correlation, bad adaptability, and lead to operation once transformation scene, Channel Modeling process just must start in this way
It measures huge.Existing 3D mimo channel modeling method does not use already existing 2D channel model, causes computationally intensive.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned deficiency in the prior art, the present invention proposes that a kind of root mean square angle of 3D mimo channel modeling expands
Acquisition methods are opened up, for solving the problems, such as bad adaptability of the existing technology and computationally intensive.
In order to achieve the above object of the invention, the technical solution adopted by the present invention are as follows:
A kind of root mean square angle spread acquisition methods of 3D mimo channel modeling, comprising the following steps:
S1: according to the geometrical property of power azimuth spectrum PAS, multipath form factor is obtained, and angle spread is obtained according to it
The factor, angle compressibility factor and maximum decline direction factor；
S2: according to the angle spread factor, angle compressibility factor and maximum decline direction factor, orientation in 3D channel is obtained
The root mean square wave number at angle extends；
S3: according to the relationship of azimuthal root mean square wave number extension and root mean square angle spread, channel angle extension is obtained
Modifying factor；
S4: modifying factor is extended according to channel angle, obtains azimuthal root mean square angle spread in 3D channel.
Further, in step S1, multipath form factor is the Fourier coefficient based on azimuth angle power spectrum, public
Formula are as follows:
In formula, FnFor the Fourier coefficient of n-th of azimuth angle power spectrum, i.e. multipath form factor；N is that instruction becomes
Amount；P (θ) is azimuth angle power spectrum；θ is azimuth；J is imaginary part coefficient.
Further, in step S1, the formula of the angle spread factor are as follows:
In formula, Λ is the angle spread factor；F0、F1The Fourier coefficient of respectively the 0th, 1 azimuth angle power spectrum；
The formula of angle compressibility factor are as follows:
In formula, γ is angle compressibility factor；F0、F1、F2The Fourier of respectively the 0th, 1,2 azimuth angle power spectrum
Coefficient；
The formula of maximum decline direction factor are as follows:
In formula, θmaxFor maximum decline direction factor；F0、F1The Fourier of respectively the 0th, 1 azimuth angle power spectrum
Coefficient.
Further, in step S2, the formula of root mean square wave number extension in 3D channel are as follows:
In formula,It is extended for root mean square wave number in 3D channel；Λ3DFor the angle spread factor in 3D channel；γ3DFor 3D
Angle compressibility factor in channel；θMax, 3DFor decline direction factor maximum in 3D channel；k0For electromagnetic wave free space wave number；θ is
Azimuth.
Further, in 3D channel the angle spread factor formula are as follows:
In formula, Λ3DFor the angle spread factor in 3D channel；F0、F1Fu of respectively the 0th, 1 azimuth angle power spectrum
In leaf system number；C1、C2、C3The fourier coefficient of respectively the 1st, 2,3 pitch angle power azimuth spectrum；
The formula of angle compressibility factor in 3D channel are as follows:
In formula, γ3DFor angle compressibility factor in 3D channel；F0、F1、F2Respectively the 0th, 1,2 azimuth angle power spectrum
Fourier coefficient；C1、C2、C3The fourier coefficient of respectively the 1st, 2,3 pitch angle power azimuth spectrum；
The formula of maximum decline direction factor in 3D channel are as follows:
In formula, θMax, 3DFor decline direction factor maximum in 3D channel；Phase () is angle calculation formula；F0、F1、F2
The Fourier coefficient of respectively the 0th, 1,2 azimuth angle power spectrum；C1、C2、C3Respectively the 1st, 2,3 pitch angle angle
The fourier coefficient of power spectrum.
Further, the formula of the fourier coefficient of pitch angle power azimuth spectrum are as follows:
In formula, CnFor the fourier coefficient of n-th of pitch angle power azimuth spectrum；N is indicator variable；For pitch angle angle
Spend power spectrum；For pitch angle.
Further, in step S3, azimuthal root mean square wave number extension is linearly positively correlated with root mean square angle spread.
Further, in step S3, channel angle extends the formula of modifying factor are as follows:
In formula, ξ is that channel angle extends modifying factor；It is extended for root mean square wave number in 3D channel；For
Root mean square wave number extends in 2D channel.
Further, the formula that root mean square wave number extends in 2D channel are as follows:
In formula,It is extended for root mean square wave number in 2D channel；Λ is the angle spread factor；γ be angle compress because
Son；θmaxFor maximum decline direction factor；k0For electromagnetic wave free space wave number；θ is azimuth.
Further, in step S4, the formula of azimuthal root mean square angle spread in 3D channel is obtained are as follows:
AS3D=ξ AS2D
In formula, AS3DFor root mean square angle spread azimuthal in 3D channel；ξ is that channel angle extends modifying factor；AS2D
For root mean square angle spread azimuthal in 2D channel.
This programme the utility model has the advantages that
Influence of the pitch angle PAS to Channel Modeling is mapped on the PAS of azimuth, is built using existing 2D mimo channel
Mould method is modified root mean square angle spread therein, obtains azimuthal root mean square angle spread in 3D channel, and obtain
To the PAS of 3D channel model, and then the 3D mimo channel model to tally with the actual situation is established out, improves adaptability, reduce
Calculation amount is simultaneously easily achieved.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the root mean square angle spread acquisition methods flow chart of 3D mimo channel modeling；
Fig. 2 is angle spread value exemplary diagram；
Fig. 3 is angle compressed value exemplary diagram；
Fig. 4 is that (pitch angle PAS is Laplce point for root mean square angle spread and root mean square wave number expansion relation curve graph
Cloth)；
Fig. 5 is root mean square angle spread and root mean square wave number expansion relation curve graph (pitch angle PAS is Gaussian Profile)；
Fig. 6 is correction result curve graph.
Specific embodiment
A specific embodiment of the invention is described below, in order to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art this hair
It is bright, it should be apparent that the present invention is not limited to the ranges of specific embodiment, for those skilled in the art,
As long as various change is in the spirit and scope of the present invention that the attached claims limit and determine, these variations are aobvious and easy
See, all are using the innovation and creation of present inventive concept in the column of protection.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of root mean square angle spread acquisition methods of 3D mimo channel modeling, comprising the following steps:
S1: according to the geometrical property of power azimuth spectrum PAS, multipath form factor is obtained, and angle spread is obtained according to it
The factor, angle compressibility factor and maximum decline direction factor；
Multipath form factor can be very good description space multipath fading, and multipath form factor can be used and obtain angle
Spreading factor, angle compressibility factor and maximum decline direction factor uniquely indicate that root mean square wave number extends；
Multipath form factor is the Fourier coefficient based on azimuth angle power spectrum, formula are as follows:
In formula, FnFor the Fourier coefficient of n-th of azimuth angle power spectrum, i.e. multipath form factor；N is that instruction becomes
Amount；P (θ) is azimuth angle power spectrum；θ is azimuth；J is imaginary part coefficient；
As shown in Fig. 2, the angle spread factor characterizes certain single azimuth direction, the intensity of multipath power is public
Formula are as follows:
In formula, Λ is the angle spread factor；F0、F1The Fourier coefficient of respectively the 0th, 1 azimuth angle power spectrum；
The angle spread factor in the multipath form factor of acquisition, normalizes Fourier coefficient, make its not with
The variation of transmission power and change；Any rotation or reflection of azimuthal power azimuth spectrum all remain unchanged；Definition is intuitive
, the range of the angle spread factor is that the angular spectrum that 0 to 1,1 expression receives power is uniform, and 0 indicates multipath component one
It is concentrated on a direction；
As shown in figure 3, the range of angle compressibility factor is to deviate between from 0 to 1,0 two arrival directions of expression without obvious,
And 1 indicates that two multipath components are reached from two different directions, formula are as follows:
In formula, γ is angle compressibility factor；F0、F1、F2The Fourier of respectively the 0th, 1,2 azimuth angle power spectrum
Coefficient；
The formula of maximum decline direction factor are as follows:
In formula, θmaxFor maximum decline direction factor；F0、F1The Fourier of respectively the 0th, 1 azimuth angle power spectrum
Coefficient；
S2: according to the angle spread factor, angle compressibility factor and maximum decline direction factor, orientation in 3D channel is obtained
The root mean square wave number at angle extends；
For general channel, the incoherent random process of extended stationary can be regarded as, wave vector composes formula are as follows:
In formula,For wave vector spectrum；PiFor the power of i-th diameter；
Vector thereinWithCan be expressed as include azimuth and pitch angle spherical coordinate form:
In formula,The wave vector of the wave vector respectively totally synthesized and i-th multipath；Respectively x, y,
The vector form of z coordinate；θiFor the azimuth of i-th of multipath；For the pitch angle of i-th of multipath；
Azimuth angle thetaiAnd pitch angleIt is considered the arrival angular coordinate of i-th of multipath；
Original wave vector spectrum can be write as now:
In formula,For wave vector spectrum；θ is present orientation angle；θiFor the azimuth of i-th of multipath；For current pitching
Angle；For the pitch angle of i-th of multipath；I is multipath variable；
The right indicates power azimuth spectrum PAS with formula item, can write a Chinese character in simplified form are as follows:
The observed direction in space is given, the wave vector spectrum of a direction, i.e. wave-number spectrum, can compose from wave vector in space
It is calculated:
In formula,For wave-number spectrum；For direction vector；
Vector median filters are obtained for coordinate form:
In formula,For power azimuth spectrum；
Wave number extension, i.e. the root mean square extension of wave number, have according to definition:
Wherein,
The expression formula of wave-number spectrum is brought to the formula of root mean square extension into, and vectorWithIt is write as scalar form to obtain:
In formula,To observe pitch angle；θRFor observed azimuth；
When observed azimuth is 0 °, and have when horizontal direction PAS and vertical direction PAS uncorrelated:
The condition is brought intoExpression formula in can obtain:
Consider σkFourier expansion is done to variable θ, due to σkIt indicates wave number extension, is had according to its physical significanceAnd cos θ is up to second order, can be obtained:
Wherein:
The formula of the angle spread factor in 3D channel are as follows:
In formula, Λ3DFor the angle spread factor in 3D channel；F0、F1Fu of respectively the 0th, 1 azimuth angle power spectrum
In leaf system number；C1、C2、C3The fourier coefficient of respectively the 1st, 2,3 pitch angle power azimuth spectrum；
The formula of angle compressibility factor in 3D channel are as follows:
In formula, γ3DFor angle compressibility factor in 3D channel；F0、F1、F2Respectively the 0th, 1,2 azimuth angle power spectrum
Fourier coefficient；C1、C2、C3The fourier coefficient of respectively the 1st, 2,3 pitch angle power azimuth spectrum；
The formula of maximum decline direction factor in 3D channel are as follows:
In formula, θMax, 3DFor decline direction factor maximum in 3D channel；Phase () is angle calculation formula；F0、F1、F2
The Fourier coefficient of respectively the 0th, 1,2 azimuth angle power spectrum；C1、C2、C3Respectively the 1st, 2,3 pitch angle angle
The fourier coefficient of power spectrum；
The formula of the fourier coefficient of pitch angle power azimuth spectrum are as follows:
In formula, CnFor the fourier coefficient of n-th of pitch angle power azimuth spectrum；N is indicator variable；For pitch angle angle
Spend power spectrum；For pitch angle；
The formula that root mean square wave number extends in 3D channel is derived by above formula are as follows:
In formula,It is extended for root mean square wave number in 3D channel；Λ3DFor the angle spread factor in 3D channel；γ3DFor 3D
Angle compressibility factor in channel；θMax, 3DFor decline direction factor maximum in 3D channel；k0For electromagnetic wave free space wave number；θ is
Azimuth；
S3: according to the relationship of azimuthal root mean square wave number extension and root mean square angle spread, channel angle extension is obtained
Modifying factor；
Fig. 4 shows that pitch angle obeys the relational graph of the two for the laplacian distribution that angle spread is 30 °: Fig. 5 is shown
The relational graph of the two when pitch angle obeys the Gaussian Profile that angle spread is 30 °；As shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5, azimuthal equal
The extension of root wave number is linearly positively correlated with root mean square angle spread；
The formula of channel angle extension modifying factor are as follows:
In formula, ξ is that channel angle extends modifying factor；It is extended for root mean square wave number in 3D channel；For
Root mean square wave number extends in 2D channel；
The formula that root mean square wave number extends in 2D channel are as follows:
In formula,It is extended for root mean square wave number in 2D channel；Λ is the angle spread factor；γ be angle compress because
Son；θmaxFor maximum decline direction factor；k0For electromagnetic wave free space wave number；θ is azimuth；
S4: modifying factor is extended according to channel angle, obtains azimuthal root mean square angle spread in 3D channel；
Obtain the formula of azimuthal root mean square angle spread in 3D channel are as follows:
AS3D=ξ AS2D
In formula, AS3DFor root mean square angle spread azimuthal in 3D channel；ξ is that channel angle extends modifying factor；AS2D
For root mean square angle spread azimuthal in 2D channel.
Analysis of experimental data:
According to root mean square angle spread azimuthal in 3D channel, 3D mimo channel model is established, the space of channel is utilized
Coherence carries out compliance test result, as shown in Figure 6, it is shown that real when pitch angle expansion is 30 ° when pitch angle angle spread is 30 °
Curve of the spatial coherence linearity curve of the 3D channel on border departing from no pitch angle angle spread, revised spatial coherence linearity curve
The relevant linearity curve of actual 3D channel space is met well.
The present invention has obtained a kind of root mean square angle spread based on 2D channel, is modified to obtain 3D channel to it
The acquisition methods of root mean square angle spread carry out Channel Modeling using modifying factor, are substantially a kind of dimensionality reduction operations, by pitching
Influence of the angle to modeling is mapped on azimuth, to there is 3D dimensionality reduction to 2D, next can use traditional 2D Channel Modeling
Mode modeled, the Channel Modeling based on this acquisition methods consider pitch angle influence while also simplify calculating, easily
In realization.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of root mean square angle spread acquisition methods of 3D mimo channel modeling, which comprises the following steps:
S1: according to the geometrical property of power azimuth spectrum PAS, obtaining multipath form factor, and according to its obtain angle spread factor,
Angle compressibility factor and maximum decline direction factor；
S2: it according to the angle spread factor, angle compressibility factor and maximum decline direction factor, obtains azimuthal in 3D channel
The extension of root mean square wave number；
S3: according to the relationship of azimuthal root mean square wave number extension and root mean square angle spread, channel angle extension amendment is obtained
The factor；
S4: modifying factor is extended according to channel angle, obtains azimuthal root mean square angle spread in 3D channel.
2. the root mean square angle spread acquisition methods of 3D mimo channel modeling according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
In the step S1, multipath form factor is the Fourier coefficient based on azimuth angle power spectrum, formula are as follows:
In formula, FnFor the Fourier coefficient of n-th of azimuth angle power spectrum, i.e. multipath form factor；N is indicator variable；p(θ)
For azimuth angle power spectrum；θ is azimuth；J is imaginary part coefficient.
3. the root mean square angle spread acquisition methods of 3D mimo channel modeling according to claim 2, which is characterized in that
In the step S1, the formula of the angle spread factor are as follows:
In formula, Λ is the angle spread factor；F0、F1The Fourier coefficient of respectively the 0th, 1 azimuth angle power spectrum；
The formula of the angle compressibility factor are as follows:
In formula, γ is angle compressibility factor；F0、F1、F2The Fourier coefficient of respectively the 0th, 1,2 azimuth angle power spectrum；
The formula of the maximum decline direction factor are as follows:
In formula, θmaxFor maximum decline direction factor；F0、F1The Fourier coefficient of respectively the 0th, 1 azimuth angle power spectrum.
4. the root mean square angle spread acquisition methods of 3D mimo channel modeling according to claim 3, which is characterized in that
In the step S2, the formula of root mean square wave number extension in 3D channel are as follows:
In formula,It is extended for root mean square wave number in 3D channel；Λ3DFor the angle spread factor in 3D channel；γ3DFor 3D channel
Middle angle compressibility factor；θMax, 3DFor decline direction factor maximum in 3D channel；k0For electromagnetic wave free space wave number；θ is orientation
Angle.
5. the root mean square angle spread acquisition methods of 3D mimo channel modeling according to claim 4, which is characterized in that
The formula of the angle spread factor in the 3D channel are as follows:
In formula, Λ3DFor the angle spread factor in 3D channel；F0、F1The Fourier of respectively the 0th, 1 azimuth angle power spectrum
Coefficient；C1、C2、C3The fourier coefficient of respectively the 1st, 2,3 pitch angle power azimuth spectrum；
The formula of angle compressibility factor in the 3D channel are as follows:
In formula, γ3DFor angle compressibility factor in 3D channel；F0、F1、F2Fu of respectively the 0th, 1,2 azimuth angle power spectrum
In leaf system number；C1、C2、C3The fourier coefficient of respectively the 1st, 2,3 pitch angle power azimuth spectrum；
The formula of maximum decline direction factor in the 3D channel are as follows:
In formula, θMax, 3DFor decline direction factor maximum in 3D channel；Phase () is phase calculation formula；F0、F1、F2Respectively
For the Fourier coefficient of the 0th, 1,2 azimuth angle power spectrum；C1、C2、C3Respectively the 1st, 2,3 pitch angle angular power
The fourier coefficient of spectrum.
6. the root mean square angle spread acquisition methods of 3D mimo channel modeling according to claim 5, which is characterized in that
The formula of the fourier coefficient of the pitch angle power azimuth spectrum are as follows:
In formula, CnFor the fourier coefficient of n-th of pitch angle power azimuth spectrum；N is indicator variable；For pitch angle angle function
Rate spectrum；For pitch angle.
7. the root mean square angle spread acquisition methods of 3D mimo channel modeling according to claim 2, which is characterized in that
In the step S3, azimuthal root mean square wave number extension is linearly positively correlated with root mean square angle spread.
8. the root mean square angle spread acquisition methods of 3D mimo channel modeling according to claim 7, which is characterized in that
In the step S3, channel angle extends the formula of modifying factor are as follows:
In formula, ξ is that channel angle extends modifying factor；It is extended for root mean square wave number in 3D channel；For 2D channel
Middle root mean square wave number extension.
9. the root mean square angle spread acquisition methods of 3D mimo channel modeling according to claim 8, which is characterized in that
The formula that root mean square wave number extends in the 2D channel are as follows:
In formula,It is extended for root mean square wave number in 2D channel；Λ is the angle spread factor；γ is angle compressibility factor；θmax
For maximum decline direction factor；k0For electromagnetic wave free space wave number；θ is azimuth.
10. the root mean square angle spread acquisition methods of 3D mimo channel modeling according to claim 9, which is characterized in that
In the step S4, the formula of azimuthal root mean square angle spread in 3D channel is obtained are as follows:
AS3D=ξ AS2D
In formula, AS3DFor root mean square angle spread azimuthal in 3D channel；ξ is that channel angle extends modifying factor；AS2DFor 2D
Azimuthal root mean square angle spread in channel.
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Application publication date: 20190524 |