CN109802109A - A kind of prelithiation battery silicon-based anode and the method for being formed simultaneously SEI film - Google Patents
A kind of prelithiation battery silicon-based anode and the method for being formed simultaneously SEI film Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of prelithiation battery silicon-based anode and the methods that are formed simultaneously SEI film, to aoxidize sub- silicon, inertia lithium powder, the 1- fluorine last of the ten Heavenly stems as raw material, organic solvent handles for the prelithiation that solvent realizes silicon-based anode and has been formed simultaneously artificial SEI film, compared with prior art, have the advantage that the prelithiation processing of (1) silicon-based anode effectively increases coulombic efficiency for the first time;(2) cladding of SEI film is completed while prelithiation, without carrying out carbon coating with CVD in silicon oxygen system, has saved cost;(3) organic and inorganic SEI film has been coated simultaneously, and film is evenly coated densification, thickness is easier to control, easy to operate, Si+SiO2The prelithiation of matrix powder further increases producing effects under silicon oxygen system;The SEI film that artificial SEI film and circulating battery generate can cooperate, and preferably protect negative electrode of lithium ion battery.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of lithium ion battery more particularly to a kind of prelithiation battery silicon-based anode and it is formed simultaneously SEI
The method of film.
Background technique
With the fast development of electronic product, high-energy, high power density lithium ion battery demand increase year by year, non-stone
Inkization carbon material, oxide material and composite material etc. are concerned because of high power or high capacity.Silicon is the tool found at present
There are the negative electrode material of highest theory lithium storage content, the graphite cathode material that specific capacity is significantly larger than commercialized at present.Silicon it is embedding
Lithium current potential is between 0-0.4V, and the voltage platform of silicon is very steady when discharging for the first time, occurs this is because silicon discharges for the first time from crystalline substance
The silicon of state is transformed into two phase transition of amorphous silicon.However, such material is there are irreversible capacity height, low tight of coulombic efficiency for the first time
Weight problem, is easy to cause capacity of lithium ion battery to be decreased obviously.This is because silicon is always maintained at amorphous state in subsequent circulation
Structure, so voltage platform also from it is different for the first time.
While in order to make silicon materials that there is high capacity, also there is preferable cycle performance, currently, in order to solve lithium ion
The low problem of coulombic efficiency, people have developed chemical reduction method, artificial SEI embrane method and the pre- lithium of electrochemistry to cell negative electrode material for the first time
Change method, wherein electrochemistry prelithiation method is a kind of most direct to solve the problems, such as the low coulombic efficiency for the first time of lithium ion battery negative material
Method;But if it can be combined together with artificial SEI embrane method, reach at the same prelithiation silicon-based anode and generate it is artificial
SEI film as a result, then after cathode prelithiation, electrode surface film forming before battery production finishes circulation;Close effective SEI film pair
The whole performance of battery plays the role of vital;The SEI film that such artificial SEI film and circulating battery generate can be with
It cooperates, preferably protects negative electrode of lithium ion battery.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: in order to overcome defect existing in the prior art, the invention proposes a kind of prelithiation battery silicon substrates
Cathode and the method for being formed simultaneously SEI film can be completed at the same time the prelithiation of silicon-based anode and the cladding of SEI film, not only improve
Coulombic efficiency, SEI film are evenly coated densification for the first time, and thickness is controllable.
Technical solution: in order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
A kind of prelithiation battery silicon-based anode and the method for being formed simultaneously SEI film, include the following steps:
(1) to aoxidize, sub- silicon, inertia lithium powder, the 1- fluorine last of the ten Heavenly stems, organic solvent was as solvent as raw material;
(2) in dry air, in organic solvent by inertia lithium powder physical mixed, being uniformly dispersed, it is spare to form solution A,
Concentration of the middle inertia lithium powder in solution A is 5wt%;
(3) in dry air, the 1- fluorine last of the ten Heavenly stems is mixed and is uniformly dispersed in organic solvent, formation solution B is spare, and the 1- fluorine last of the ten Heavenly stems exists
Concentration in solution B is 3g/L-12g/L;
(4) part solution B is taken, sub- silicon will be aoxidized and be added in solution B, 50-70 DEG C is heated to and stirs evenly, make the 1- fluorine last of the ten Heavenly stems
It is uniformly coated on the sub- silicon face of oxidation, forms solution C;Wherein the 1- fluorine last of the ten Heavenly stems and the mass ratio control of the sub- silicon of oxidation are in solution C
1:4.5-4:3;
(5) solution A is added in solution C, forms solution D;Wherein mole of control inertia lithium powder and the sub- silicon of oxidation
Than for 1:1-1:100;
(6) and under vacuum conditions, solution D is stirred, is gradually heated to 50-300 DEG C, temperature is maintained to stir 6-
48h;Period inertia lithium powder reacts to form initial state SEI film with the 1- fluorine last of the ten Heavenly stems for aoxidizing sub- silicon face;
(7) after reaction, solution D is continuously heating to 300 DEG C, all organic solvent evaporations, popular powder A;It will
Powder A is heated to 600 DEG C -1000 DEG C and is gradually decreased to room temperature formation powder B after keeping 0.5h-5h;
(8) part solution B is taken again, and dosage is identical as step (4), powder B is added to formation solution F in solution B, by step
Suddenly the process of (6), (7) finally obtains powder C to the solution F operating procedure for repeating solution D, and the surface of powder C is in initial state
One layer of new artificial SEI film is plated outside SEI film to get new prelithiation cathode;And the covering of surface prelithiation and SEI film is uniform
It is fine and close.
The oxidation Asia silicium cathode material for aoxidizing sub- silicon and being crossed for uncoated process;Uncoated process mistake
The sub- silicium cathode material of oxidation effectively prevent the introducings of other interference components, improve SEI film and form quality.
More preferably, the organic solvent is N-Methyl pyrrolidone, heptane, hexane, hexamethylene, toluene, dimethylbenzene
One of.
Further, the N-Methyl pyrrolidone is high-purity N-methyl pyrrolidone of purity >=99.5%.
More preferably, step (2), (3) carry out at normal temperatures and pressures.
More preferably, concentration of the 1- fluorine last of the ten Heavenly stems in solution B is 6.5g/L in step (3).
More preferably, the mass ratio control of the 1- fluorine last of the ten Heavenly stems and the sub- silicon of oxidation is 1:4.5 in step (4) solution C.
The thickness control of the SEI film is controlled by the concentration of solution B;The thickness controllability of SEI film is further
Improve its application prospect.
Further, initial state SEI film described in step (6) is inorganic SEI film, specially LiF and organolithium chemical combination
Object.
Further, artificial SEI film new described in step (8) is organic SEI film, specially LiF and organic lithiumation
Close the Si/SiO of object2Matrix mixture;Si+SiO2The prelithiation of matrix powder further increases producing effects under silicon oxygen system.
It is and existing the utility model has the advantages that a kind of prelithiation battery silicon-based anode provided by the invention and the method for being formed simultaneously SEI film
There is technology to compare, has the advantage that the prelithiation processing of (1) silicon-based anode effectively increases its coulombic efficiency for the first time for the first time;
(2) cladding of SEI film is completed while prelithiation, without carrying out carbon coating with CVD in silicon oxygen system, has saved cost;
(3) organic and inorganic SEI film has been coated simultaneously, and film is evenly coated densification, thickness is easier to control, easy to operate, Si+SiO2
The prelithiation of matrix powder further increases producing effects under silicon oxygen system;The SEI film that artificial SEI film and circulating battery generate can
To cooperate, negative electrode of lithium ion battery is preferably protected.(4) cyclical stability is improved.(5) cathode pole piece expansion is reduced
Ratio.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that embodiment 1-5 and comparative example 1 apply the battery of preparation to carry out coulombic efficiency half-cell test result for the first time
Contrast schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is that the pole piece corresponding with half-cell difference SOC (%) under 3 30%SiOx/Gr system of embodiment of comparative example 1 is anti-
Bullet ratio schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is comparative example 1, comparative example 2 and embodiment 3 under 30%SiO/Gr system, using the cycle battery of preparation
Conservation rate contrast schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail:
Embodiment 1:
A kind of prelithiation battery silicon-based anode and the method for being formed simultaneously SEI film, include the following steps:
(1) to aoxidize sub- silicon, inertia lithium powder, the 1- fluorine last of the ten Heavenly stems as raw material, high purity N-methyl pyrrole of purity >=99.5%
Pyrrolidone is solvent;The oxidation Asia silicium cathode material for aoxidizing sub- silicon and being crossed for uncoated process;Uncoated technique
The processed introducing for aoxidizing sub- silicium cathode material and effectively preventing other interference components, improves SEI film and forms quality;
(2) under normal temperature and pressure, in dry air, by inertia lithium powder physical mixed in N-Methyl pyrrolidone, dispersion is equal
Even formation solution A is spare, and wherein inertia lithium powder is 5wt% in the concentration in solution A;
(3) under normal temperature and pressure, in dry air, the 1- fluorine last of the ten Heavenly stems is blended in N-Methyl pyrrolidone and is uniformly dispersed, formed
Solution B is spare, and concentration of the 1- fluorine last of the ten Heavenly stems in solution B is 6.5g/L;
(4) part solution B is taken, sub- silicon will be aoxidized and be added in solution B, 60 DEG C are heated to and stir evenly, keep the 1- fluorine last of the ten Heavenly stems equal
Even is coated on the sub- silicon face of oxidation, forms solution C;Wherein the mass ratio control of the 1- fluorine last of the ten Heavenly stems and the sub- silicon of oxidation is 1 in solution C:
4.5;
(5) solution A is added in solution C, forms solution D;Wherein mole of control inertia lithium powder and the sub- silicon of oxidation
Than for 1:100;
(6) and under vacuum conditions, solution D is stirred, is gradually heated to 150 DEG C, maintains temperature stirring for 24 hours;Phase
Between inertia lithium powder react to form initial state SEI film with the 1- fluorine last of the ten Heavenly stems for aoxidizing sub- silicon face;For inorganic SEI film, specially LiF and have
Machine lithium compound.
(7) after for 24 hours, solution D is continuously heating to 300 DEG C, all N-Methyl pyrrolidones evaporate, popular powder A;It will
Powder A is heated to 900 DEG C and is gradually decreased to room temperature formation powder B after keeping 1h;
(8) part solution B is taken again, and dosage is identical as step (4), powder B is added to formation solution F in solution B, by step
Suddenly the process of (6), (7) finally obtains powder C to the solution F operating procedure for repeating solution D, and the surface of powder C is in initial state
One layer of new artificial SEI film is plated outside SEI film to get new prelithiation cathode;And the covering of surface prelithiation and SEI film is uniform
It is fine and close.New artificial SEI film is organic SEI film, the Si/SiO of specially LiF and organo-lithium compound2Matrix mixture;It is thick
Degree is 5nm;Si+SiO2The prelithiation of matrix powder further increases producing effects under silicon oxygen system.
Embodiment 2:
Other embodiments are same as Example 1, the difference is that control inertia lithium powder and the sub- silicon of oxidation in step (5)
Molar ratio be 1:20;The SEI film thickness of formation is 5nm.
Embodiment 3:
Other embodiments are same as Example 1, the difference is that control inertia lithium powder and the sub- silicon of oxidation in step (5)
Molar ratio be 1:9;The SEI film thickness of formation is 5nm.
Embodiment 4:
Other embodiments are same as Example 1, the difference is that control inertia lithium powder and the sub- silicon of oxidation in step (5)
Molar ratio be 1:4;The SEI film thickness of formation is 5nm.
Embodiment 5:
Other embodiments are same as Example 1, the difference is that control inertia lithium powder and the sub- silicon of oxidation in step (5)
Molar ratio be 1:1;The SEI film thickness of formation is 5nm.
Comparative example 1:
Do not carry out mending the oxidation Asia silicium cathode material of lithium and artificial SEI film process.
Comparative example 2:
Other embodiments are same as Example 3, are added in the solution B in step 2 the difference is that sub- silicon will be aoxidized,
The method of uniform stirring carries out mending lithium 10%, does not use the 1- fluorine last of the ten Heavenly stems, can't not formed artificial SEI film.
Using test:
The silicon-based anode obtained after embodiment 1-5 and comparative example 1 are handled is uniformly mixed with organic solvent, is made and is contained admittedly
For 45% slurry, and slurry is applied on copper foil, drying forms pole piece.Pole piece after removal drying, being cut into diameter is
The disk of 12mm.Then again in glove box, successively by anode cover, round pole piece, diameter be 18mm diaphragm, diameter be 16mm's
Lithium piece and negative electrode casing are fabricated to button half-cell.Before diaphragm is added, 200 μm of electrolyte are added.After battery seal, it is static for 24 hours,
It is that battery system is stablized, then carries out coulombic efficiency half-cell test for the first time, specifically please refers to shown in Fig. 1,0%-50% is referred to
Mass percentage content of the inertia lithium powder in solid matter in addition to the solvents, 0% corresponding comparative example 1,1% corresponding embodiment
1,5% corresponding embodiment 2,10% corresponding embodiment 3,20% corresponding embodiment 4,50% corresponding embodiment 5.
It will be seen from figure 1 that under different lithium powder additional proportion, for the first time coulombic efficiency with the addition of lithium powder increase and gradually
It gets higher;From being not added the 81.37% of lithium powder to maximum more than 100% (108.57%).Coulomb for the first time is imitated it can be seen that mending lithium
Rate has promotion obvious.
In addition, to comparative example 1 do not mend lithium processing and 3 inertia lithium powder additive amount of embodiment be 10% in the case where 30%
Under SiOx/Gr system, the corresponding pole piece rebound ratio of half-cell difference SOC (%) is please referred to shown in Fig. 2.
Figure it is seen that the pole piece after the supplement lithium powder of embodiment 3 is in each difference under 30%SiO/Gr system
Under SOC (0%-100%) pole piece rebound all than do not supplement lithium powder comparative example 1 it is small.For the pole piece of comparative example 1,
Rebound ratio becomes larger with the increase of SOC.Corresponding, for the pole piece of the embodiment 3 after supplement lithium powder, rebound is big
Generally after 20%SOC, it is basically unchanged.The product of this explanation, prelithiation also has one to the pole piece rebound under different embedding lithium states
Fixed inhibiting effect.
In addition, not supplementing for comparative example 1, lithium powder does not generate artificial SEI film and comparative example 2 supplements 10% lithium still
And not formed artificial SEI film and the embodiment of the present invention 3 supplement 10% lithium powder+formation with a thickness of the battery silicon of 5-10nmSEI film
Base cathode and NCM811 positive electrode form system and use, and make 4060130 Soft Roll full batteries, and carry out loop test, follow
As shown in figure 3, under 30%SiO/Gr system, the cycle battery conservation rate of comparative example 2 is higher than comparative example 1 for environmentally friendly holdup comparison
Battery.And the embodiment of the present invention 3 carries out mending lithium and is formed simultaneously the circulating battery conservation rate highest of SEI film.
To sum up, SiO material of the present invention by prelithiation simultaneously and the transformation of artificial SEI film can effectively improve library for the first time
Human relations efficiency inhibits rebound rate of the pole piece in charge and discharge process and improves total body circulation conservation rate of battery to a certain extent,
It is a kind of effective material transformation means, futuristic design is gone out for higher energy densitybattery, selection approach is important.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of prelithiation battery silicon-based anode and the method for being formed simultaneously SEI film, it is characterised in that include the following steps:
(1) to aoxidize, sub- silicon, inertia lithium powder, the 1- fluorine last of the ten Heavenly stems, organic solvent was as solvent as raw material;
(2) in dry air, in organic solvent by inertia lithium powder physical mixed, being uniformly dispersed, it is spare to form solution A, wherein lazy
Property concentration of the lithium powder in solution A be 5wt%;
(3) in dry air, the 1- fluorine last of the ten Heavenly stems is mixed and is uniformly dispersed in organic solvent, formation solution B is spare, and the 1- fluorine last of the ten Heavenly stems is in solution
Concentration in B is 3g/L-12g/L;
(4) part solution B is taken, sub- silicon will be aoxidized and be added in solution B, 50-70 DEG C is heated to and stirs evenly, keep the 1- fluorine last of the ten Heavenly stems uniform
Be coated on the sub- silicon face of oxidation, form solution C;Wherein the mass ratio control of the 1- fluorine last of the ten Heavenly stems and the sub- silicon of oxidation is 1 in solution C:
4.5-4:3;
(5) solution A is added in solution C, forms solution D;Wherein control inertia lithium powder is with the molar ratio for aoxidizing sub- silicon
1:1-1:100;
(6) and under vacuum conditions, solution D is stirred, is gradually heated to 50-300 DEG C, temperature is maintained to stir 6-48h;Phase
Between inertia lithium powder react to form initial state SEI film with the 1- fluorine last of the ten Heavenly stems for aoxidizing sub- silicon face;
(7) after reaction, solution D is continuously heating to 300 DEG C, all organic solvent evaporations, popular powder A;By powder A
It is heated to 600 DEG C -1000 DEG C and is gradually decreased to room temperature formation powder B after keeping 0.5h-5h;
(8) part solution B is taken again, and dosage is identical as step (4), powder B is added to formation solution F in solution B, by step
(6), the process of (7) finally obtains powder C to the solution F operating procedure for repeating solution D, and the surface of powder C is in initial state SEI
One layer of new artificial SEI film is plated outside film to get new prelithiation cathode;And the covering of surface prelithiation and SEI film uniformly causes
It is close.
2. prelithiation battery silicon-based anode according to claim 1 and the method for being formed simultaneously SEI film, it is characterised in that:
The oxidation Asia silicium cathode material for aoxidizing sub- silicon and being crossed for uncoated process.
3. prelithiation battery silicon-based anode according to claim 1 and the method for being formed simultaneously SEI film, it is characterised in that:
The organic solvent is one of N-Methyl pyrrolidone, heptane, hexane, hexamethylene, toluene, dimethylbenzene.
4. prelithiation battery silicon-based anode according to claim 3 and the method for being formed simultaneously SEI film, it is characterised in that:
The N-Methyl pyrrolidone is high-purity N-methyl pyrrolidone of purity >=99.5%.
5. prelithiation battery silicon-based anode according to claim 1 and the method for being formed simultaneously SEI film, it is characterised in that:
Concentration of the 1- fluorine last of the ten Heavenly stems in solution B is 6.5g/L in step (3).
6. prelithiation battery silicon-based anode according to claim 1 and the method for being formed simultaneously SEI film, it is characterised in that:
The mass ratio control of the 1- fluorine last of the ten Heavenly stems and the sub- silicon of oxidation is 1:4.5 in step (4) solution C.
7. prelithiation battery silicon-based anode according to claim 1 and the method for being formed simultaneously SEI film, it is characterised in that:
Step (2), (3) carry out at normal temperatures and pressures.
8. prelithiation battery silicon-based anode according to claim 1 and the method for being formed simultaneously SEI film, it is characterised in that:
The thickness control of the SEI film is controlled by the concentration of solution B, and solution concentration is directly proportional to artificial SEI film thickness.
9. prelithiation battery silicon-based anode according to claim 1 and the method for being formed simultaneously SEI film, it is characterised in that:
Initial state SEI film described in step (6) is inorganic SEI film, specially LiF and organo-lithium compound.
10. prelithiation battery silicon-based anode according to claim 1 and the method for being formed simultaneously SEI film, it is characterised in that:
New artificial SEI film described in step (8) is organic SEI film, the Si/SiO of specially LiF and organo-lithium compound2Matrix is mixed
Close object.
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CN112028078A (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2020-12-04 | 上海纳米技术及应用国家工程研究中心有限公司 | Method for improving stability of lithium battery silicon negative electrode material |
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CN114023948B (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2023-03-03 | 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 | Silicon-carbon negative electrode material, preparation method thereof and lithium ion battery |
CN113851613A (en) * | 2021-11-02 | 2021-12-28 | 惠州亿纬锂能股份有限公司 | Silicon-carbon negative electrode material with artificial SEI film and preparation method and application thereof |
CN114039042A (en) * | 2021-11-02 | 2022-02-11 | 惠州亿纬锂能股份有限公司 | Silicon monoxide negative electrode material with artificial SEI film and preparation method and application thereof |
CN113871605A (en) * | 2021-12-02 | 2021-12-31 | 北京胜能能源科技有限公司 | Pre-lithiated silicon-based negative electrode material and preparation method and application thereof |
CN114497480A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-05-13 | 深圳市翔丰华科技股份有限公司 | Preparation method of silicon-carbon negative electrode material for lithium ion battery |
CN115632105A (en) * | 2022-12-19 | 2023-01-20 | 四川新能源汽车创新中心有限公司 | Porous negative pole piece, preparation method thereof and lithium ion battery |
CN115632105B (en) * | 2022-12-19 | 2023-03-21 | 四川新能源汽车创新中心有限公司 | Porous negative pole piece, preparation method thereof and lithium ion battery |
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