CN109798413B - Novel multiphase flow buffering equipment used behind black water system heat exchanger in field of coal chemical industry - Google Patents
Novel multiphase flow buffering equipment used behind black water system heat exchanger in field of coal chemical industry Download PDFInfo
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- 239000010866 blackwater Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 title description 6
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Inorganic materials O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
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- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
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- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 30
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 13
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- 229910000619 316 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
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- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multiphase flow buffer device used behind a black water system heat exchanger in the field of coal chemical industry. The black water multi-phase flow medium containing hard coal powder particles enters the pipe expanding section through the connecting pipe, generates a transverse velocity component under the pipe expanding flow guiding effect, reduces the vertical velocity of the medium, and reduces the shearing abrasion of the multi-phase flow medium on the straight wall section of the buffer cylinder and the impact abrasion on the cylinder bottom flange blind plate. Nilcra capable of spraying on inner wall of expanded pipe sectionTMZirconia, which effectively improves the wear resistance of the part. The black water multiphase flow medium containing hard coal powder particles flows to the ceramic plate at the bottom of the barrel to be bent and enters a subsequent flash evaporation tank device through the outlet of the buffer barrel. Nilcra embedded in blind flange of barrel bottomTMThe zirconia ceramics enhances the impact wear resistance of the bottom, effectively improves the overall wear resistance and impact resistance of the equipment, and practically ensures the stable and safe operation of the system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a high-temperature-resistant, wear-resistant and impact-resistant valve rear buffering device used in the field of coal chemical industry, in particular to a novel multiphase flow buffering device behind a black water system heat exchanger in the field of coal chemical industry.
Background
In recent years, the development of coal chemical industry in China is rapid, and the coal gasification process is widely applied to projects of coal hydrogen production, coal-to-methanol, coal-to-olefin, coal-to-synthetic ammonia and the like. A plurality of large coal gasification devices are constructed by starting work in succession in Ningxia, Shandong, inner Mongolia and the like.
The black water system is widely applied in the field of coal chemical industry and is one of important systems of a coal gasification device. The system transport medium is gas-liquid-solid multiphase fluid and contains a large amount of solid hard coal powder particles, chloride ions and other corrosive components, which are commonly called as 'black water'. The system has the operating temperature of 246 ℃, the operating working condition of 0.9MPa and the maximum flow of 48.9m3H is used as the reference value. The black water medium flows into the buffer cylinder at a high speed after passing through the high-pressure angle valve, strong scouring and gas erosion damage is caused to the Venturi expanding pipe, the wall of the cylinder and the bottom of the cylinder, the wall thickness of the buffer cylinder is easy to be reduced and leaked, unplanned shutdown of the device is caused, even safety accidents such as leakage, explosion, fire and the like are caused, and long-period safe production of enterprises is seriously threatened and restricted.
At present, GE and flowserve comprise black water angle valve buffer cylinders of coal chemical system gasification and slag water treatment devices produced by national company such as Adi, and the like, and have the problems of serious wall thickness reduction and perforation leakage in the operation process, and the normal production of the device is seriously restricted mainly due to black water scouring abrasion and corrosion.
Scientific research shows that the perforation of the rear buffer cylinder of the heat exchanger is leaked and failedThe reasons for (a) mainly include: 1) the density of the black aqueous medium is high (815 kg/m)3) High flow rate (30-60 m/s) and high temperature (246 ℃); 2) the buffer cylinder is made of 316 stainless steel, the wear resistance is poor, and the wear rate is 1.0e-8kg/m2S; 3) the size design of the venturi expanding part of the buffer cylinder is unreasonable, a larger solid particle impact angle is easily formed, and the scouring wear rate is increased; 4) the structural design of the blind plate part of the bottom flange blind plate is unreasonable. The part is a high-risk area of erosive wear, and most buffer cylinders do not perform local strengthening treatment on the blind plate of the bottom flange.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a buffering device used behind a black water system heat exchanger in the field of coal chemical industry, which effectively reduces the abrasion of multiphase flow black water media to the device through fluid dynamics and material science analysis, obviously improves the wear-resisting, impact-resisting and high-temperature-resisting properties of the device, overcomes the technical problems of short operation period and high failure risk of the existing buffering device in service, and practically ensures the safe, stable and long-period operation of a black water system.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a multiphase flow buffer device used behind a black water system heat exchanger in the field of coal chemical industry comprises a connecting pipe (1), an expanding pipe (2), a buffer cylinder (3), a ceramic plate (5) and an outlet pipe (4) which are connected in sequence; the expanding pipe (2) expands from the connecting pipe (1) to the buffer cylinder (3); an outlet (4) is formed in the side wall of the buffer cylinder (3); circulating water multiphase flow medium containing solid impurity particles enters from the connecting pipe, enters the buffer cylinder (3) after passing through the expanding pipe (2), returns to the ceramic plate (5) at the bottom of the buffer cylinder (3) after being bent, flows out through the outlet (4) and enters a subsequent flash tank; the expansion angle alpha of the pipe expander (2) meets the following requirements:
wherein epsilon0Is the critical value of the erosion rate of the inner wall of the buffer cylinder (3), and C is the erosion and wear resistant coefficient of the material. The radius difference d between the connecting pipe and the inner wall of the buffer cylinder (3) is satisfied：
Wherein g is the gravity acceleration, rho is the density of the black water multiphase flow medium, mu is the dynamic viscosity of the black water multiphase flow medium, A is the cross section area of the connecting pipe, and Q is the flow rate of the black water multiphase flow medium processed by the heat exchange system.
Furthermore, zirconia is sprayed on the inner wall of the pipe expanding (2), and the thickness of the coating is 2 mm.
Furthermore, zirconia is sprayed on the inner wall of the buffer cylinder (3), and the thickness of the coating is 2 mm.
Furthermore, the ceramic plate (5) is made of zirconia ceramic material and has a thickness of 20 mm.
Furthermore, the length of the buffer cylinder (3) is 1218mm, the outer diameter is 323.9mm, the wall thickness is 10mm, and the base body is made of 316L stainless steel.
Further, the outer diameter of the inlet of the connecting pipe is 219.1mm, and the wall thickness is 10 mm.
Further, the ceramic plate (5) is fixedly connected with the buffer cylinder (3) through a flange.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the novel multiphase flow buffer device used for the black water system heat exchanger in the field of coal chemical industry adopts the fluid dynamics principle to design the expanded pipe section, guides the multiphase flow black water medium to generate turbulent kinetic energy dissipation and transition in the section, generates transverse velocity components, reduces the velocity of the multiphase flow black water medium in the vertical direction, and further reduces the shearing abrasion to the buffer cylinder; nilcra is carried out on the expanded pipeTMZirconium oxide spraying is adopted to strengthen the density and hardness of the part, improve the wear resistance of the part and effectively reduce the wear rate; nilcra barrel bottomTMThe ceramic plate effectively reduces the impact wear rate of the part. Aiming at key characteristic parameters such as the flow characteristic and the corrosion characteristic of a multiphase flow medium of a black water system, the targeted impact angle, the impact speed, the shearing rate and the like in the field of coal chemical industry, the sizes and the selected materials of all parts of the buffer cylinder are designed, so that the abrasion rate of the buffer cylinder can be effectively reduced, the wear-resisting, impact-resisting and high-temperature-resisting characteristics of the buffer cylinder are improved, and the long-period safety, stability and stability of the black water system are ensuredAnd (5) operating.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a general view of a novel multiphase flow buffer apparatus;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the dimensions of the pipe expanding structure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural dimension view of a buffer cylinder;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure dimensions of a bottom ceramic plate;
FIG. 5 is an outlet tube of the buffer tube of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a photograph of a field failure of a buffer device;
fig. 7 shows the effect of the buffer device proposed by the present invention in the field.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the multiphase flow buffer device used after the black water system heat exchanger in the field of coal chemical industry provided by the invention comprises a connecting pipe, an expansion pipe, a buffer cylinder, a bottom ceramic plate and a buffer cylinder outlet pipe. The multiphase flow black water medium containing hard coal powder particles enters from the connecting pipe, enters the buffer cylinder after being guided by the expanding pipe, is bent to flow back at the ceramic plate at the bottom of the cylinder, flows out of the buffer device through the outlet pipe and enters a subsequent flash tank.
As shown in fig. 2, the present invention is a pipe expanding structure. Wherein, the expansion angle of the pipe expanding section meets the condition:
c is the erosion corrosion resistance coefficient, epsilon, of 316L stainless steel matrix material0Is the critical erosion rate of 316L stainless steel.
The multiphase flow black water medium rich in hard coal powder enters the pipe expanding section through the connecting pipe, and the pipe expanding induces the multiphase flow black water medium to generate a transverse velocity offset component under the condition that the expansion angle meets the constraint condition, so that on one hand, the impact attack angle on the pipe expanding section is reduced, and the abrasion rate of the part is reduced; on one hand, the vertical downward velocity component of the black water medium is reduced, and the shearing abrasion of the black water medium on the straight wall of the buffer cylinder is reduced.
Obtaining the inlet radius r of the connecting section, and obtaining the inlet speed v of the multiphase flow medium entering the connecting pipe through v ═ Q/A1This velocity is approximately equal to the initial velocity of the multiphase flow medium entering the expander section.
Obtaining the density rho and the dynamic viscosity mu of the multiphase flow black water medium, wherein the initial speed of the multiphase flow medium entering the buffer cylinder is as follows:
observing an energy equation in the flowing process of the black water medium with multiphase flow
Wherein,
turbulence intensity: i is 0.16Re-0.125
Turbulent kinetic energy:
according to the structural size of the pipe expanding section,
further, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of,
solving the equation (i.e. the equation 2) to obtain a unique solution d, i.e. the difference between the radii of the buffer cylinder and the connecting pipe, and further obtaining the height h of the expanded pipe section1. The radius difference of the connecting pipes obtained by the formula can ensure that turbulent kinetic energy with enough strength is dissipated after the multiphase flow black water medium flows through the pipe expanding section, so that the total mechanical energy is reduced, and further the impact abrasion effect on the ceramic plate at the bottom of the cylinder is reduced. If the difference d between the radii of the connecting pipes is too small, the connecting pipes will be brokenThe turbulent kinetic energy dissipation effect of the pipe expanding section on the fluid is reduced, and the impact effect of the multiphase flow black water medium on the ceramic plate at the bottom of the cylinder can not be effectively reduced. If the radius difference d of the connecting pipes is too large, on one hand, the size of equipment is too large, resources are wasted, and the site is too much occupied, and on the other hand, under the condition that the flow rate and the flow speed of the fluid are certain, the sufficient turbulent dissipation of a multiphase fluid medium cannot be ensured, so that the performance of the pipe expanding section is influenced.
Nilcra is carried out inside the pipe expanding sectionTMThe zirconium oxide spraying can obviously improve the wear resistance and the impact resistance of the part. The expanding pipe is connected with the buffer cylinder through welding. The buffer cylinder is connected with the bottom ceramic plate through a flange. Multiphase flow black water medium flows to the bottom of the cylinder through the connecting pipe, the expanding pipe and the buffer cylinder, and the lining Nilcra is linedTMThe ceramic plate is subjected to high-speed impact and then is folded to enter an outlet pipe on the side wall of the buffer cylinder. The bottom ceramic plate has extremely high impact resistance and wear resistance, the bottom characteristic of the buffer cylinder is obviously improved, and the safe operation period of the equipment is effectively prolonged.
Fig. 3 shows a buffer tube according to the present invention. The section comprises an upper part, a middle part and a lower part which are respectively connected with the pipe expanding and the outlet pipe through a welding method. According to fluid dynamics analysis, the impact angle of attack of the hard coal dust particles and the shear stress of the liquid phase fluid on the section of the area are smaller, so that the risk of erosive wear is lower. The section is made of 316L stainless steel.
As shown in fig. 4, the invention is a buffer cylinder bottom ceramic plate. The multiphase flow black water medium impacts the inner surface of the flange blind plate at the speed higher than 30m/s, so that a huge impact abrasion risk is caused. From wear Rate experiments, NilcraTMThe wear resistance of the zirconia ceramic material is more than 3 times of that of 316L stainless steel, so that the thickness of the ceramic plate is 20mm, and the overall wear resistance, impact resistance and high temperature resistance of the buffer cylinder can be obviously improved.
As shown in fig. 5, is the buffer tube outlet tube of the present invention. The multiphase flow black water medium flows to the ceramic plate at the bottom of the barrel and is bent to enter a subsequent flash evaporation tank device through an outlet pipe. The material of the outlet pipe of the buffer cylinder is 316L stainless steel, the outer diameter is 219.1mm, the wall thickness is 8mm, and the outlet pipe is connected with the cylinder wall in a welding mode.
The foregoing detailed description is intended to illustrate and not limit the invention, and any modifications or changes made within the spirit and scope of the claims are intended to fall within the scope of the invention.
Examples
In recent years, with the rapid development of the domestic coal chemical industry, the coal gasification process is widely applied to projects of hydrogen production from coal, methanol production from coal, olefin production from coal, synthetic ammonia production from coal and the like. The advantages of areas such as Ningxia, Shandong and inner Mongolia are combined, a plurality of large coal gasification devices are built, and the coal chemical industry is vigorously developed. However, the unplanned shutdown of the device caused by the failure of the buffer equipment behind the heat exchanger of the coal gasification black water system seriously restricts the safe and stable operation of enterprises. For example, a coal-to-methanol gasification device of a certain coal chemical industry enterprise adopts the Texaco coal water slurry gasification technology of GE company, and a multiphase flow black water medium containing hard coal powder particles flows through a heat exchanger and then enters a buffer device. The equipment is put into operation in 2016 every 1 month, and erosion, abrasion and leakage occur in 6 months. The operation conditions of the equipment are as follows: the operation temperature is 220 ℃, the operation pressure is 0.8MPa, and the maximum flow of the medium is 48.9m3H is used as the reference value. A device failure picture is shown in fig. 6.
The connecting pipe of the failure buffer device and the straight cylinder part are manufactured in the same size. After the multiphase flow black water medium containing hard coal powder particles enters the device, strong erosion and abrasion effects are carried out on the inner wall, and the wall surface of the buffer device is thinned and perforated in the processes of fluid scouring, shearing and impacting. After passing through the straight cylinder section, the multiphase flow black water medium is mounted on the cylinder bottom flange at a high speed, so that the flange is thinned and the strength is reduced. After signing a confidential research protocol, the gasification device adopts the buffer equipment provided by the invention, and adds the pipe expanding part through the fluid mechanics principle, so that the turbulent kinetic energy of the fluid is dissipated, the scouring and shearing action of the multiphase flow black water medium on the equipment is reduced, the erosion resistance of an erosion high-risk area is enhanced by adopting an internal spraying method, and the safe and stable operation of the equipment and the device is ensured. After replacing original equipment by adopting the buffer equipment provided by the invention in 2016 and 7 months, the device stably runs to 2018 and 6 months of overhaul, and wall thickness detection is carried out on the equipment, so that the buffer equipment can still meet the operation requirement. The field diagram of the device operating with the new equipment is shown in fig. 7.
Therefore, the multiphase flow buffer device used behind the black water system heat exchanger in the field of coal chemical industry, provided by the invention, adopts a fluid dynamics method aiming at the severe working conditions of strong corrosion, strong scouring, high temperature and high density of the multiphase flow black water system, additionally arranges the pipe expanding section, reasonably enhances the fluid dissipation rate, reduces the shearing and abrasion of the multiphase flow black water medium on the straight wall of the buffer device, locally strengthens the high-risk part of the erosive wear by adopting high-strength and high-hardness materials, effectively improves the overall erosive resistance of the device, and ensures the safe long-period operation of the device.
Claims (1)
1. A multiphase flow buffer device used behind a black water system heat exchanger in the field of coal chemical industry comprises a connecting pipe (1), an expanding pipe (2), a buffer cylinder (3), a ceramic plate (5) and an outlet pipe (4) which are connected in sequence; the expanding pipe (2) expands from the connecting pipe (1) to the buffer cylinder (3); an outlet pipe (4) is arranged on the side wall of the buffer cylinder (3); circulating water multiphase flow medium containing solid impurity particles enters from the connecting pipe, enters the buffer cylinder (3) after passing through the expanding pipe (2), turns to reflux after reaching the ceramic plate (5) at the bottom of the buffer cylinder (3), flows out through the outlet pipe (4) and enters a subsequent flash tank; the angle of the pipe expander (2)
Satisfies the following conditions:
wherein,
is the critical value of the erosion rate of the inner wall of the buffer cylinder (3),Cthe erosion and wear resistant coefficient of the material,
radius difference between the connecting pipe and the inner wall of the buffer cylinder (3)dSatisfies the following conditions:
wherein,gin order to be the acceleration of the gravity,
is the density of the black water multi-phase flow medium,
is the dynamic viscosity of black water multi-phase flow medium,Ain order to connect the cross-sectional area of the pipe,Qtreating the flow rate of the black water multi-phase flow medium for a heat exchange system;
zirconium oxide is sprayed on the inner wall of the pipe expanding (2), and the thickness of the coating is 2 mm; zirconium oxide is sprayed on the inner wall of the buffer cylinder (3), the thickness of the coating is 2mm, the length of the buffer cylinder (3) is 1218mm, the outer diameter is 323.9mm, the wall thickness is 10mm, and the base body is made of 316L stainless steel; the ceramic plate (5) is made of zirconia ceramic material, and the thickness is 20 mm; the outer diameter of the inlet of the connecting pipe is 219.1mm, and the wall thickness is 10 mm; the ceramic plate (5) is fixedly connected with the buffer cylinder (3) through a flange.
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| CN201910140330.3A CN109798413B (en) | 2019-02-20 | 2019-02-20 | Novel multiphase flow buffering equipment used behind black water system heat exchanger in field of coal chemical industry |
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| CN201910140330.3A CN109798413B (en) | 2019-02-20 | 2019-02-20 | Novel multiphase flow buffering equipment used behind black water system heat exchanger in field of coal chemical industry |
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