CN109797274B - Temperature-thermal composite deformation spheroidizing method for high-carbon chromium steel bearing ring - Google Patents
Temperature-thermal composite deformation spheroidizing method for high-carbon chromium steel bearing ring Download PDFInfo
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- CN109797274B CN109797274B CN201910099630.1A CN201910099630A CN109797274B CN 109797274 B CN109797274 B CN 109797274B CN 201910099630 A CN201910099630 A CN 201910099630A CN 109797274 B CN109797274 B CN 109797274B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-carbon chromium steel bearing ring temperature-thermal composite deformation spheroidizing method, which comprises the following steps of: s1, pre-deforming the bearing ring blank by hot rolling on a hot rolling ring machine, and then rapidly cooling the bearing ring blank by water to the temperature of 500 ℃; s2, placing the bearing ring pre-forged piece after the hot rolling ring is pre-deformed into a heating furnace, and heating to the critical temperature Ac of the material1Performing first heat preservation at the temperature of 30-50 ℃, and then cooling the heat preserved bearing ring pre-forging piece to the critical temperature Ar of the material along with the furnace1The second heat preservation is carried out at the temperature of 10-30 ℃; s3, taking the bearing ring pre-forged piece subjected to the secondary heat preservation out of the heating furnace, quickly transferring the bearing ring pre-forged piece to a hot rolling ring machine for warm rolling ring deformation, and controlling the finish rolling temperature to be Ar1Below 100 ℃. The invention combines the hot rolling ring and the warm rolling ring, and can reduce the forming force of the warm rolling ring and improve the spheroidizing effect of the formed structure by reasonably matching and designing the deformation process conditions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of bearing manufacturing, and particularly relates to a temperature-thermal composite deformation spheroidizing method for a high-carbon chromium steel bearing ring.
Background
The bearing is a key basic part for bearing and motion transmission of mechanical equipment force, the inner ring and the outer ring are base parts of the bearing, the manufacturing cost and the quality almost determine the cost, the performance and the service life of the bearing, and the manufacturing of the bearing ring is the core of the manufacturing of the bearing. The high-carbon chromium bearing steel represented by GCr15 is a main material for manufacturing the bearing ring, and because the room temperature forming and the processing performance are poor, spheroidizing annealing is always an essential important process in the manufacturing process of the bearing ring, and the lamellar pearlite structure of the material is spheroidized and transformed into the granular pearlite structure through spheroidizing annealing treatment, so that the plasticity of the material is improved, the strength and the hardness are reduced, the requirements of the cold-rolled ring forming and cutting processing technology are met, and the structure preparation is made for final heat treatment. The isothermal spheroidizing annealing process is generally adopted in the current industrial production of the high-carbon chromium bearing steel bearing ring, the process flow is long, more than ten hours are generally needed, the efficiency is low, the energy consumption is high, a spheroidized structure is large and uneven, the final heat treatment structure quality, particularly the size, the form and the distribution of carbide, are influenced by heredity, and the mechanical property of the bearing ring is influenced finally.
In order to solve the problems, the inventor of the present invention provides a chinese patent application (with the publication number of CN107138660A) entitled "a warm-rolled ring forming method of high-carbon chromium bearing steel for realizing tissue spheroidization", which carries out warm-rolled ring deformation on a bearing ring at a temperature slightly lower than the material forging temperature to directly spheroidize the tissue, so as to realize the integration of forming and spheroidizing, thereby omitting the conventional spheroidizing annealing process, significantly improving the efficiency and reducing the energy consumption. However, the warm-rolled ring of the bearing ring has large influence on the service life of a die and equipment due to low deformation temperature and large deformation resistance of the material, and the problem of local unevenness of the structure after spheroidization of the warm-rolled ring still exists due to the coarse initial lamellar pearlite structure of the raw material, so that the actual problem which needs to be solved when the warm-rolled ring method is applied to the manufacturing of the bearing ring is to reduce the deformation force and improve the quality of the initial structure of the deformed material.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-carbon chromium steel bearing ring temperature-heat composite deformation spheroidizing method, which compounds a hot-rolled ring and a warm-rolled ring which are generally applied in actual production, can reduce the forming force of the warm-rolled ring and improve the spheroidizing effect of a formed structure by reasonably matching and designing deformation process conditions.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a high-carbon chromium steel bearing ring temperature-heat composite deformation spheroidizing method comprises the following steps:
s1, hot-rolled ring pre-deformation: carrying out hot rolling ring pre-deformation on the bearing ring blank on a hot rolling ring machine, and then rapidly cooling the bearing ring blank to be near 500 ℃ by water;
s2, thermal deformation tissue temperature control regulation: placing the bearing ring pre-forged piece after the pre-deformation of the hot-rolled ring into a heating furnace to be heated to the critical temperature Ac of the material1Performing first heat preservation at the temperature of 30-50 ℃, and then cooling the heat preserved bearing ring pre-forging piece to the critical temperature Ar of the material along with the furnace1The second time of protection is carried out at the temperature of 10 ℃ to 30 DEG belowWarming;
s3, deformation and spheroidization of the warm rolling ring: taking out the bearing ring pre-forging after the second heat preservation from the heating furnace, quickly transferring the bearing ring pre-forging to a hot rolling ring machine for warm rolling ring deformation, and controlling the finish rolling temperature to be Ar1And (3) within 100 ℃, stopping rolling when the size reaches the size of the forging, and cooling in air to room temperature to obtain the bearing ring forging with the spheroidized structure.
According to the technical scheme, in the step S1, the deformation of the hot-rolled ring is 50% of the total deformation of the ferrule blank to the ferrule forging, and the deformation temperature of the hot-rolled ring is 50-80 ℃ above the final forging temperature of the material.
According to the technical scheme, in the step S2, the first heat preservation time t is 0.75H +4, the unit of t is minutes, and H is the wall thickness of the bearing ring pre-forging piece and the unit of H is millimeters.
According to the technical scheme, in the step S2, the cooling speed of the bearing ring pre-forging piece is 100-200 ℃/h.
According to the technical scheme, in the step S2, the time for the second heat preservation is 10-20 minutes.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: firstly, the invention can reduce the deformation amount of the warm-rolled ring and the deformation force of the warm-rolled ring by carrying out the hot-rolled ring pre-deformation treatment on the bearing ring blank, and can refine the structure by the hot-rolled ring deformation and the rapid cooling to obtain the fine lamellar pearlite structure beneficial to spheroidization; in addition, the secondary heat preservation can promote the material to fully separate out spherical cementite from the supercooled austenite by the secondary heat preservation in the regulation and control of the temperature-controlled structure, thereby not only reducing the deformation resistance of the material, but also being beneficial to improving the uniformity of the spheroidized structure. The invention solves the problems of large deformation force of the warm-rolled ring and uneven spheroidized structure, can reduce the deformation force of the warm-rolled ring of the bearing ring, protects a ring rolling die and equipment, improves the shape and distribution of the spheroidized structure of the deformation of the bearing ring, and improves the quality of the spheroidized structure.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a high carbon chromium steel bearing ring temperature-thermal composite deformation spheroidizing method comprises the following steps:
s1, hot-rolled ring pre-deformation: carrying out hot rolling ring pre-deformation on the bearing ring blank on a hot rolling ring machine, and then rapidly cooling the bearing ring blank to be near 500 ℃ by water;
s2, thermal deformation tissue temperature control regulation: placing the bearing ring pre-forged piece after the pre-deformation of the hot-rolled ring into a heating furnace to be heated to the critical temperature Ac of the material1Performing first heat preservation at the temperature of 30-50 ℃, and then cooling the heat preserved bearing ring pre-forging piece to the critical temperature Ar of the material along with the furnace1The second heat preservation is carried out at the temperature of 10-30 ℃;
s3, deformation and spheroidization of the warm rolling ring: taking out the bearing ring pre-forging after the second heat preservation from the heating furnace, quickly transferring the bearing ring pre-forging to a hot rolling ring machine for warm rolling ring deformation, and controlling the finish rolling temperature to be Ar1And (3) within 100 ℃, stopping rolling when the size reaches the size of the forging, and cooling in air to room temperature to obtain the bearing ring forging with the spheroidized structure.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, in step S1, the deformation amount, deformation temperature and cooling temperature of the hot-rolled ring need to be reasonably controlled, the deformation amount of the hot-rolled ring is usually 50% of the total deformation amount of the ferrule blank to the ferrule forging, and the deformation temperature of the hot-rolled ring is usually 50-80 ℃ above the final forging temperature of the material.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S2, the first heat-preserving time may be calculated according to the thickness of the pre-forged piece, specifically, the first heat-preserving time t is 0.75H +4, where t is in minutes, and H is the thickness of the bearing ring pre-forged piece, which is in millimeters.
In the preferred embodiment of the invention, in the step S2, the cooling speed of the bearing ring pre-forging piece is 100-200 ℃/h.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S2, the time for the second heat preservation is 10 to 20 minutes.
Examples
Taking a high-carbon chromium steel bearing ring as an example, the material is GCr15, the inner diameter and the outer diameter of a bearing ring blank are respectively 110mm and 145mm, and the inner diameter and the outer diameter of a bearing ring forging are respectively 180mm and 200mm, the invention is adopted to carry out the temperature-heat composite deformation spheroidization method, and as shown in figure 1, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) pre-deformation of a hot-rolled ring: carrying out hot rolling ring pre-deformation on the bearing ring blank according to 50% of the total deformation, and then spraying water to cool the bearing ring blank to about 500 ℃;
(2) temperature control tissue regulation and control: heating the bearing ring pre-forging piece after the hot rolling ring is pre-deformed to 800 ℃, calculating and determining that the thickness of the pre-forging piece after the hot rolling ring is 28mm according to the deformation of the hot rolling ring being 50% of the total deformation, carrying out primary heat preservation for 25 minutes, then carrying out furnace cooling to 700 ℃ at the cooling speed of 200 ℃/h, and carrying out secondary heat preservation for 20 minutes.
(3) Deformation and spheroidization of a warm rolling ring: and taking out the heat-insulated bearing ring pre-forging from the heating furnace, quickly transferring the heat-insulated bearing ring pre-forging to a hot rolling ring machine for warm rolling ring deformation, stopping rolling when the size reaches the size of the forging, and then air-cooling to room temperature to obtain the bearing ring forging with the spheroidized structure.
Compared with the forging obtained by the warm-rolling ring method, the forging with the bearing ring having the spheroidized structure has the advantages that the structure is compared, the distribution uniformity and roundness of the spherical carbides of the forging obtained by the method along the thickness direction of the forging are improved, the proportion of large particles to long-strip-shaped carbides is reduced, and the spheroidizing effect is better.
It will be understood that modifications and variations can be made by persons skilled in the art in light of the above teachings and all such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. A high-carbon chromium steel bearing ring temperature-heat composite deformation spheroidizing method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, hot-rolled ring pre-deformation: carrying out hot rolling ring pre-deformation on a bearing ring blank on a hot rolling ring machine, and then rapidly cooling to 500 ℃ by water, wherein the deformation of the hot rolling ring is 50% of the total deformation of the ring blank to a ring forging, and the deformation temperature of the hot rolling ring is 50-80 ℃ above the final forging temperature of the material;
s2, thermal deformation tissue temperature control regulation: placing the bearing ring pre-forged piece after the pre-deformation of the hot-rolled ring into a heating furnace to be heated to the critical temperature Ac of the material1Performing first heat preservation at the temperature of 30-50 ℃, and then cooling the heat preserved bearing ring pre-forging piece to the critical temperature Ar of the material along with the furnace1The second heat preservation is carried out at the temperature of 10-30 ℃;
s3, deformation and spheroidization of the warm rolling ring: taking out the bearing ring pre-forging after the second heat preservation from the heating furnace, quickly transferring the bearing ring pre-forging to a hot rolling ring machine for warm rolling ring deformation, and controlling the finish rolling temperature to be Ar1And (3) within 100 ℃, stopping rolling when the size reaches the size of the forging, and cooling in air to room temperature to obtain the bearing ring forging with the spheroidized structure.
2. The method for spheroidizing the warm-hot composite deformation of the bearing ring of the high-carbon chromium steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the first heat preservation time t is 0.75H +4, t is the unit of minutes, and H is the wall thickness of the bearing ring pre-forging which is the unit of millimeters.
3. The high-carbon chromium steel bearing ring temperature-thermal composite deformation spheroidizing method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the cooling speed of the bearing ring pre-forging piece is 100 ℃/h to 200 ℃/h.
4. The high-carbon chromium steel bearing ring temperature-thermal composite deformation spheroidizing method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the time for the second heat preservation is 10 to 20 minutes.
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0745695A1 (en) * | 1993-12-27 | 1996-12-04 | Koyo Seiko Co., Ltd. | Bearing part |
| CN101709365A (en) * | 2009-11-13 | 2010-05-19 | 中原特钢股份有限公司 | Heating processing process in production of high -carbon chromium bearing steel |
| CN102086493A (en) * | 2010-11-30 | 2011-06-08 | 东阳市中洲钢带有限公司 | Stamped high-carbon chromium bearing ring and production process thereof |
| CN107138660A (en) * | 2017-06-28 | 2017-09-08 | 武汉理工大学 | A kind of high-carbon-chromium bearing steel warm-rolling loop forming method for realizing tissue nodularization |
| CN108060291A (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2018-05-22 | 武汉理工大学 | It improves cold looping mill rolling bearing ring obdurability and improves the manufacturing method of quenching distortion |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105215626A (en) * | 2014-05-28 | 2016-01-06 | 宝钢特钢有限公司 | Be applicable to chromium bearing steel cold-drawn material and the manufacture method thereof of miniature bearing lasso cutting members |
| CN104328259B (en) * | 2014-10-13 | 2017-02-01 | 北京科技大学 | GCr15 high carbon chromium bearing steel on-line rapid spheroidizing annealing technology |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0745695A1 (en) * | 1993-12-27 | 1996-12-04 | Koyo Seiko Co., Ltd. | Bearing part |
| CN101709365A (en) * | 2009-11-13 | 2010-05-19 | 中原特钢股份有限公司 | Heating processing process in production of high -carbon chromium bearing steel |
| CN102086493A (en) * | 2010-11-30 | 2011-06-08 | 东阳市中洲钢带有限公司 | Stamped high-carbon chromium bearing ring and production process thereof |
| CN107138660A (en) * | 2017-06-28 | 2017-09-08 | 武汉理工大学 | A kind of high-carbon-chromium bearing steel warm-rolling loop forming method for realizing tissue nodularization |
| CN108060291A (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2018-05-22 | 武汉理工大学 | It improves cold looping mill rolling bearing ring obdurability and improves the manufacturing method of quenching distortion |
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