CN109796364B - Preparation method of low-viscosity amphoteric surfactant - Google Patents

Preparation method of low-viscosity amphoteric surfactant Download PDF

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CN109796364B
CN109796364B CN201811624753.4A CN201811624753A CN109796364B CN 109796364 B CN109796364 B CN 109796364B CN 201811624753 A CN201811624753 A CN 201811624753A CN 109796364 B CN109796364 B CN 109796364B
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amphoteric surfactant
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刘振华
陈胜环
张涌
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Guangzhou Flower's Song Fine Chemical Co ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a low-viscosity amphoteric surfactant, which takes fatty acid as a raw material, and obtains the amphoteric surfactant with lower viscosity and dominant branched chains by acylation cyclization with hydroxyethyl ethylenediamine, pH value control for position selective hydrolysis and reaction with chloroacetic acid under an alkaline condition.

Description

Preparation method of low-viscosity amphoteric surfactant
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of surfactants, in particular to a preparation method of a low-viscosity amphoteric surfactant.
Background
Amphoteric surfactants are surfactants that contain both anionic and cationic hydrophilic groups in the same molecule. The biggest characteristic is that it can give out proton and accept proton. The use process has the following characteristics: the fabric has excellent soft smoothness and antistatic property; has certain sterilization and mildew resistance; has good emulsibility and dispersibility.
The hydroxyethyl ethylenediamine is a commonly used raw material for synthesizing the amphoteric surfactant, the molecule of the hydroxyethyl ethylenediamine contains a primary amine and a secondary amine, and the hydroxyethyl ethylenediamine reacts with sodium chloroacetate after undergoing an acylation reaction with long-chain fatty acid to obtain the amphoteric surfactant
The synthetic process of the fatty acid amide amphoteric surfactant represented by sodium lauroamphoacetate is roughly divided into 4 steps:
1) Reacting lauric acid with hydroxyethyl ethylenediamine (AEEA) to generate a cyclic intermediate;
Figure GDA0003858720880000011
2) The cyclic intermediate is subjected to hydrolysis (pH is more than 12) and ring opening;
Figure GDA0003858720880000012
3) Carrying out substitution reaction with sodium chloroacetate after ring opening;
Figure GDA0003858720880000021
4) The residual sodium chloroacetate is hydrolyzed to quench the reaction
ClCH 2 COONa+NaOH→OHCH 2 COONa+NaCl。
The viscosity produced by the process is 10000-20000 mPas, the solid content is 35% -40%, the product with the concentration higher than 40% cannot be produced, otherwise, the sodium glycolate residue in the product is too high (usually more than 7%), and the viscosity of the product exceeds 30000 mPas, which brings great obstruction to the application of the product.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a method for preparing a low viscosity amphoteric surfactant which allows the reaction to be controlled to move in a specific direction by controlling the reaction conditions.
The purpose of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a low-viscosity amphoteric surfactant comprises the following steps:
1) Putting fatty acid and hydroxyethyl ethylenediamine into a reaction kettle according to the molar ratio of 1:1.1-1.3, reacting at 160-180 ℃, distilling under reduced pressure, and cooling to 70-100 ℃;
2) Diluting the material obtained in the step 1) by adding water, dropwise adding a 30-40% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, adjusting the pH value of the system to 9.0-10.0, controlling the temperature to 60-70 ℃, and hydrolyzing for 1-3h;
3) Dissolving chloroacetic acid, adding 30-40% sodium hydroxide solution with a molar ratio of 0.5-0.6, and mixing, wherein the speed of adding sodium hydroxide is controlled so as to control the temperature to be not more than 50 ℃;
4) Simultaneously dripping the material obtained in the step 3) and 30-40% sodium hydroxide solution into the material obtained in the step 2), controlling the dripping speed until the pH value of the system is 9.5-10.5, and reacting for 1-5h at 80-90 ℃ after finishing dripping;
5) Continuously adding sodium hydroxide to adjust pH to be more than 13, reacting at 100-130 deg.C for 2-7h, cooling, adding citric acid to adjust pH to 8.5-9.5 to obtain low viscosity amphoteric surfactant with active matter content not less than 50%.
Further, in the step 1), the fatty acid is one of capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid or stearic acid, and the purity of the fatty acid is more than 99%. The single fatty acid is more difficult to produce products with high concentration and low viscosity, and if the fatty acid is mixed acid, such as coconut oil acid, palmitic acid and the like, the viscosity of the products produced by mixing the fatty acid under the same process is only 1/2-1/5 of that of the single fatty acid.
Further, in the step 1), the materials are heated to 160-180 ℃ and then react for 1-4h, the vacuum is opened until the vacuum degree is-0.095 MPa, and the temperature is continuously raised to 190-210 ℃ for reduced pressure distillation.
Further, in the step 2), the concentration of the sodium hydroxide is 32-35wt%.
Further, in the step 2), the concentration of the sodium hydroxide is 32-35wt%.
Further, the mol ratio of chloroacetic acid in the step 3) to fatty acid in the step 1) is 1.8-2.2: 1.
Further, in the step 3), the molar ratio of chloroacetic acid to sodium hydroxide is 2:1.
Further, the molar ratio of the chloroacetic acid in the step 3) to the sodium hydroxide in the step 4) is 1:1.0-1.3.
Further, in the step 5), after reaction at 100-130 ℃ for 2-7h, the temperature is reduced to below 60 ℃, and citric acid is used for neutralization until the pH value is 8.5-9.5.
Further, 5), after reacting for 2-7h at 100-130 ℃, cooling to below 60 ℃, and neutralizing to pH 8.5-9.5 by using citric acid.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) Fatty acid is taken as a raw material, acylation and cyclization are carried out with hydroxyethyl ethylenediamine, and then the pH value is controlled to carry out position selective hydrolysis, and the comparison of the amounts of chloroacetic acid, produced glycolic acid and residual chloroacetic acid added in the system shows that when the pH is controlled to carry out hydrolysis, the chloroacetic acid content consumed by one mole of fatty acid is greatly increased, and the viscosity of the system is greatly reduced at the same time, which probably is caused by the fact that the branched chain product B is obtained through ring opening to form a dominant intermediate, so that the viscosity is reduced;
2) According to the invention, sodium chloroacetate under an acidic condition is obtained by dissolving chloroacetic acid and then neutralizing with insufficient sodium hydroxide, so that the hydrolysis of chloroacetic acid into glycolic acid is effectively reduced, and the reaction efficiency of chloroacetic acid and intermediate product A or B is improved;
3) The method has the advantages that the chloroacetic acid solution and the sodium hydroxide solution which are partially neutralized are simultaneously dripped into the hydrolysate, and the pH value of the solution is easier to control by controlling the dripping speed of the two solutions, so that the sodium chloroacetate is hydrolyzed into sodium glycolate, and the reaction efficiency of the sodium chloroacetate and the intermediate product is improved;
4) The amphoteric surfactant obtained by the invention has low viscosity and stable transparent liquid system with solid content of up to 50%.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below with reference to specific embodiments, and it should be noted that, without conflict, any combination between the embodiments or technical features described below may form a new embodiment.
The invention provides a preparation method of a low-viscosity amphoteric surfactant, which comprises the following steps:
1) Putting fatty acid and hydroxyethyl ethylenediamine into a reaction kettle according to the molar ratio of 1:1.1-1.3, reacting at 160-180 ℃, distilling under reduced pressure, and cooling to 70-100 ℃;
2) Diluting the material obtained in the step 1) by adding water, dropwise adding a 30-40% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, adjusting the pH value of the system to 9.0-10.0, controlling the temperature to 60-70 ℃, and hydrolyzing for 1-3h;
3) Dissolving chloroacetic acid with water, adding 30-40% sodium hydroxide solution with 0.5-0.6 mol ratio, mixing, and controlling the speed of adding sodium hydroxide to control the temperature not to exceed 50 deg.C;
4) Simultaneously dropwise adding the material obtained in the step 3) and a 30-40% sodium hydroxide solution into the material obtained in the step 2), controlling the dropwise adding speed until the pH value of the system is 9.5-10.5, and reacting at 80-90 ℃ for 1-5h after dropwise adding is finished;
5) Continuously adding sodium hydroxide to adjust pH to be more than 13, reacting at 100-130 deg.C for 2-7h, cooling, adding citric acid to adjust pH to 8.5-9.5 to obtain low viscosity amphoteric surfactant with active matter content not less than 50%. .
The method comprises the steps of carrying out acylation cyclization reaction on excessive hydroxyethyl ethylenediamine and fatty acid, removing most of hydroxyethyl ethylenediamine in vacuum to obtain a cyclization intermediate, dripping sodium hydroxide solution at a controlled pH value, hydrolyzing to obtain a mixed product with a dominant B product, and finally carrying out nucleophilic substitution on the mixed product and sodium chloroacetate to obtain the low-viscosity amphoteric surfactant with greatly reduced viscosity.
Step 3) preparing an acidic sodium chloroacetate solution by using insufficient sodium hydroxide and chloroacetic acid, so that the temperature is controlled to be not more than 50 ℃ better, and the risk of hydrolyzing chloroacetic acid into glycolic acid is effectively reduced;
step 4) by adding sodium hydroxide and sodium chloroacetate solution dropwise into the reaction system simultaneously, the molar ratio of the chloroacetic acid to sodium hydroxide is close to 1: 2, because the product is basic, 1 mole of chloroacetic acid needs to neutralize one mole of sodium hydroxide, and after quaternization of chloroacetic acid with the intermediate, about 1 mole of chloride ion formed also needs 1 mole of sodium hydroxide to form 1 mole of sodium chloride.
Further, in the step 1), the purity of the fatty acid is more than 99% by one of capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid or stearic acid. The chain length fatty acid has a suitable lipophilicity.
In the step 1), the material is heated to 160-180 ℃ to react for 1-4h, then the vacuum is started, the vacuum degree is controlled to-0.9 MPa, and the temperature is continuously raised to 190-210 ℃ for reduced pressure distillation. That is, it is preferable that the material is dehydrated at a high temperature for a certain period of time, and then reacted under vacuum at a relatively higher temperature to remove residual water to complete the reaction and remove excess hydroxyethylethylenediamine.
Example 1:
a preparation method of a low-viscosity amphoteric surfactant comprises the following steps:
1) Putting 1mol of lauric acid and 1.2mol of hydroxyethyl ethylenediamine into a reaction kettle, reacting for 2.5h at 170 ℃, starting vacuum till the vacuum degree is-0.095 MPa, heating to 200 ℃, distilling under reduced pressure for 3h, and cooling to 90 ℃ for later use;
2) Diluting the material obtained in the step 1) by adding water, dropwise adding 32wt% of sodium hydroxide solution, controlling the dropwise adding speed to enable the pH value of the system to be 9.0-9.5, controlling the temperature to 65 ℃, and hydrolyzing for 2h;
3) Dissolving 2mol of chloroacetic acid, adding 1mol of 32% sodium hydroxide solution, and mixing, wherein the speed of adding sodium hydroxide is controlled so as to control the temperature not to exceed 50 ℃;
4) Simultaneously dropwise adding the material obtained in the step 3) and 2.2 mol% of 32% sodium hydroxide solution into the material obtained in the step 2), controlling the dropwise adding speed until the pH value of the system is 9.5-10.5, and reacting at 85 ℃ for 3 hours after dropwise adding is finished;
5) Adding 32% sodium hydroxide solution to adjust pH to be more than 13, reacting at 120 deg.C for 5h, cooling to below 60 deg.C, adding citric acid to adjust pH to 8.5-9.5 to obtain low viscosity amphoteric surfactant.
Example 2:
a preparation method of a low-viscosity amphoteric surfactant comprises the following steps:
1) Putting 1mol of fatty acid and 1.3mol of ethylene diamine into a reaction kettle, reacting for 4 hours at 160 ℃, starting vacuum till the vacuum degree is-0.095 MPa, heating to 180 ℃, distilling under reduced pressure for 3 hours, and cooling to 80 ℃ for later use;
2) Diluting the material obtained in the step 1) by adding water, dropwise adding 35wt% of sodium hydroxide solution, controlling the dropwise adding speed to enable the pH value of the system to be 9.5-10.0, controlling the temperature to 65 ℃, and hydrolyzing for 2h;
3) Dissolving 2mol of chloroacetic acid, adding 1mol of 35% sodium hydroxide solution, and mixing, wherein the speed of adding sodium hydroxide is controlled so as to control the temperature not to exceed 50 ℃;
4) Simultaneously dripping the material obtained in the step 3) and 2.5 mol% of 35% sodium hydroxide solution into the material obtained in the step 2), controlling the dripping speed until the pH value of the system is 9.5-10.5, and reacting for 3h at 85 ℃ after dripping is finished;
5) Adding 35% sodium hydroxide solution to adjust pH to be more than 13, reacting at 120 deg.C for 5h, cooling to below 60 deg.C, adding citric acid to adjust pH to 8.5-9.5 to obtain low viscosity amphoteric surfactant.
Example 3:
a preparation method of a low-viscosity amphoteric surfactant comprises the following steps:
1) Putting 1mol of coconut oil acid and 1.1mol of hydroxyethyl ethylenediamine into a reaction kettle, reacting for 1h at 180 ℃, starting vacuum till the vacuum degree is-0.095 MPa, heating to 190 ℃, distilling under reduced pressure for 3h, and cooling to 70 ℃ for later use;
2) Diluting the material obtained in the step 1) by adding water, dropwise adding 32wt% of sodium hydroxide solution, controlling the dropwise adding speed to enable the pH value of the system to be 9.0-9.5, controlling the temperature to 65 ℃, and hydrolyzing for 2h;
3) Dissolving 2mol of chloroacetic acid, adding 1mol of 32% sodium hydroxide solution, and mixing, wherein the speed of adding sodium hydroxide is controlled to control the temperature not to exceed 50 ℃;
4) Simultaneously dripping the material obtained in the step 3) and 2.6mol of 32 percent sodium hydroxide solution into the material obtained in the step 2), controlling the dripping speed until the pH value of the system is 9.5-10.5, and reacting for 3 hours at 85 ℃ after the dripping is finished;
5) Adding 32% sodium hydroxide solution to adjust pH to be more than 13, reacting at 120 deg.C for 5h, cooling to below 60 deg.C, adding citric acid to adjust pH to 8.5-9.5 to obtain low viscosity amphoteric surfactant.
Comparative example 1:
a preparation method of an amphoteric surfactant comprises the following steps:
1) Putting 1mol of coconut oil acid and 1.1mol of hydroxyethyl ethylenediamine into a reaction kettle, reacting for 1h at 180 ℃, starting vacuum till the vacuum degree is-0.095 MPa, heating to 190 ℃, distilling under reduced pressure for 3h, and cooling to 70 ℃ for later use;
2) Pouring the material obtained in the step 1) into 32wt% of sodium hydroxide solution, controlling the pH value to be more than 12, controlling the temperature to be 65 ℃, and hydrolyzing for 2h;
3) Dissolving 2mol of chloroacetic acid, simultaneously dropwise adding the chloroacetic acid and 3mol of 32% sodium hydroxide solution into the material obtained in the step 2), controlling the dropwise adding speed until the pH value of the system is 9.5-10.5, and reacting at 85 ℃ for 3 hours after the dropwise adding is finished;
4) Adding 32% sodium hydroxide solution to adjust pH to be more than 13, reacting at 120 deg.C for 5h, cooling to below 60 deg.C, adding citric acid to adjust pH to 8.5-9.5 to obtain low viscosity amphoteric surfactant.
Performance detection and Effect evaluation
1. Viscosity measurement
The low-viscosity surface amphoteric surfactants obtained in examples 1 to 3 were tested for viscosity using DV-C viscosity and for solid content by the method, and the results are shown in the following table:
TABLE 1 viscosity and solid content measurement mPas
Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Comparative example 1
Viscosity [ mPa. Multidot.s ]] 2534 3023 3750 13560
Solids content [% ]] 50.2% 50.6% 51.4% 40.1%
As can be seen from the above table, under the same molar ratio of chloroacetic acid to fatty acid, the viscosity of the surfactant prepared by the process provided by the invention is reduced to 1/3 to 1/4 of the original viscosity, and the solid content can be more than 50%.
2. Residual test
The glycolic and chloroacetic acid content was determined by ion chromatography and the results are shown in the table below.
TABLE 2 residual test
Content (c) of Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Comparative example 1
Hydroxyacetic acid [% ]] 3.6% 3.5% 3.7% 8.7%
Chloroacetic acid [ ppm] 12ppm 10ppm 10ppm 105ppm
As can be seen from the above table, in comparative example 1, the molar amount of chloroacetic acid was the same as in examples 1 to 3, but the content of glycolic acid was significantly increased, that is, the intermediate product generated with the same fatty acid was substituted, and the larger the consumption of chloroacetic acid was, the larger the ratio of B in the product of ring opening of the cyclic intermediate, and the viscosity of the obtained surfactant was relatively low.
3. Storage stability test
The low-viscosity surface amphoteric surfactants obtained in examples 1 to 3 and comparative example 1 were stored in an oven at 50. + -. 2 ℃ and a refrigerator at 0 to 4 ℃ for 28 days with a PE bottle cap, and the change of the contents was observed, and the results are shown in the following table.
TABLE 3 storage stability test
50±2℃ 0-4℃
Example 1 Colorless transparent viscous liquid without precipitate Colorless transparent viscous liquid without precipitate
Example 2 Colorless transparent viscous liquid without precipitate Colorless transparent viscous liquid without precipitate
Example 3 Colorless transparent viscous liquid without precipitate Colorless transparentClear and viscous liquid without precipitate
Comparative example 1 Colorless transparent viscous liquid without precipitate Colorless transparent viscous liquid without precipitate
As can be seen from the above table, the surfactants obtained in examples 1-3 have good stability of the hydrophobic and oleophobic system under different temperature environments.
The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention should not be limited thereby, and any insubstantial changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention are intended to be covered by the claims.

Claims (6)

1. A preparation method of a low-viscosity amphoteric surfactant comprises the following steps:
1) Putting fatty acid and hydroxyethyl ethylenediamine into a reaction kettle according to a molar ratio of 1.1-1.3, reacting at 160-180 ℃, distilling under reduced pressure, and cooling to 70-100 ℃; the fatty acid is one of capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid or stearic acid, and the purity of the fatty acid is more than 99%;
2) Diluting the material obtained in the step 1) by adding water, dropwise adding a 30-40% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, adjusting the pH value of the system to 9.0-10.0, controlling the temperature to 60-70 ℃, and hydrolyzing for 1-3h;
3) Dissolving chloroacetic acid, adding 30-40% sodium hydroxide solution with a molar ratio of 0.5-0.6, and mixing, wherein the speed of adding sodium hydroxide is controlled so as to control the temperature to be not more than 50 ℃; the molar ratio of the chloroacetic acid to the fatty acid in the step 1) is 1.8-2.2;
4) Simultaneously dropwise adding the material obtained in the step 3) and a 30-40% sodium hydroxide solution into the material obtained in the step 2), controlling the dropwise adding speed until the pH value of the system is 9.5-10.5, and reacting at 80-90 ℃ for 1-5h after dropwise adding is finished;
5) Continuously adding sodium hydroxide to adjust pH to be more than 13, reacting at 100-130 deg.C for 2-7h, cooling, adding citric acid to adjust pH to 8.5-9.5 to obtain low viscosity amphoteric surfactant with active matter content not less than 50%.
2. The method for preparing the low viscosity amphoteric surfactant according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the materials are heated to 160-180 ℃ and then reacted for 1-4h, the vacuum is opened until the vacuum degree is-0.095 MPa, and the temperature is continuously raised to 190-210 ℃ for reduced pressure distillation.
3. The method for preparing the low viscosity amphoteric surfactant according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of sodium hydroxide in the step 2) is 32 to 35% by weight.
4. The method for preparing a low viscosity amphoteric surfactant according to claim 1, wherein in step 3), the molar ratio of chloroacetic acid to sodium hydroxide is 2.
5. The method for preparing a low viscosity amphoteric surfactant according to claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of chloroacetic acid in step 3) to sodium hydroxide in step 4) is 1.0 to 1.3.
6. The method for preparing the low viscosity amphoteric surfactant according to claim 1, wherein in the step 5), after the reaction at 100-130 ℃ for 2-7 hours, the temperature is reduced to below 60 ℃, and the pH is neutralized to 8.5-9.5 with citric acid.
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