CN109794732B - Rolling-spinning composite precision forming method for aluminum alloy thin-wall cylinder section - Google Patents
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Abstract
A rolling-spinning composite precision forming method for an aluminum alloy thin-wall cylinder section comprises the following steps: adopting a semi-continuously cast hollow aluminum alloy ingot as an original blank; heating an original blank hollow aluminum alloy cast ingot; rolling and forming the heated hollow cast ingot, and cooling the formed ring blank in the air; performing powerful spinning forming on the annular blank, adding a stress relief annealing process among a plurality of times, and finally cutting off process allowance at two ends of the cylinder section; carrying out heat treatment on the spun cylinder section, and carrying out bending and circle correcting operation on the cylinder section between the solid solution and aging processes in order to ensure the roundness; and (4) pickling to remove oil stains and impurities on the surface, and detecting the internal quality and the mechanical property. The invention adopts the hollow cast ingot as the original blank, avoids the complicated blank making process of the traditional free forging mode and shortens the production period; the combination of ring rolling and spinning ensures the high mechanical performance of the thin-wall cylinder section in two directions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy forging and pressing, in particular to a method for precisely forming a thin-wall cylinder section by utilizing an aluminum alloy hollow ingot through a combination mode of ring rolling and spinning.
Background
Along with the improvement of the reliability design requirement of aerospace products, structural parts are developed towards the directions of integration, large-scale and light weight, and aluminum alloy thin-wall cylinder section parts with large height-diameter ratio are widely applied. The parts are thin-wall smooth cylinders with the height-diameter ratio of about 0.8-2.0, the wall thickness of cylinder sections is about 2-10 mm, and the diameter is about 1000-2000 mm.
The invention Chinese patent CN 104759850A 'A processing technique of an aluminum alloy high cylinder part' discloses a free forging processing method of an aluminum alloy high cylinder part, which adopts a semi-continuous casting solid cast ingot as an original blank, and prepares a hollow cylinder blank by forging, punching, trestle reaming, mandrel drawing-out and flat end surface, and then carries out ring rolling operation on the blank to form the high cylinder part, thereby realizing the integral forming of the high cylinder part. However, ingot blanks need to be repeatedly heated for 7 times among all manufacturing procedures, the process is complex, the production period is long, the wall thickness of a cylindrical part produced by adopting a free forging mode is large, a large amount of raw materials are cut off during the finish machining of subsequent parts, and the manufacturing cost is high.
A welding forming mode is adopted in a large thin-wall nuclear power cylinder part machining process optimization thesis of Master university of Harbin's theory, and thin-wall plates are rolled and then welded into a cylinder part in a splicing mode, so that the mode is short in production period and high in manufacturing precision. However, a plurality of circumferential and axial welding seams exist in the barrel formed by the tailor-welding method, the mechanical property of a welding seam area of a part is reduced to a certain degree compared with that of a parent metal, so that the bearing capacity is insufficient easily, the internal stress of the stressed part is easily distributed unevenly, and the service life is influenced. Therefore, the development of the production process method of the thin-wall cylinder section, which has the advantages of integral forming, short manufacturing period and low production cost, has strong engineering significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for precisely forming a thin-wall cylinder section by using an aluminum alloy hollow ingot through a combination mode of ring rolling and spinning to solve the problems.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a rolling-spinning composite precision forming method for an aluminum alloy thin-wall cylinder section comprises the following steps:
(1) adopting a semi-continuously cast hollow aluminum alloy ingot as an original blank, machining the whole surface of the blank, wherein the surface roughness is not more than Ra12.6, and the size of the hollow ingot representsComprises the following steps: outer diameter D0Inner diameter d0Height H0；
(2) Heating the original blank hollow aluminum alloy cast ingot in the step (1);
(3) performing rolling deformation operation on the heated hollow ingot by using a radial-axial numerical control ring rolling mill to enable the diameter of the blank to grow to a target size, wherein the size of the ring blank after ring rolling is expressed as an outer diameter D1Inner diameter d1Height H1；
(4) Cooling the ring blank prepared in the step (3) in air;
(5) performing multi-pass rotary-lengthening operation on the ring blank cooled in the step (4) by using a powerful rotary press;
(6) when the wall thickness of the ring blank in the step (5) is reduced by 1/2-2/3, annealing the semi-finished product;
(7) continuously carrying out spinning forming on the annealed semi-finished product until the wall thickness of the part is reduced to the size of a finished product, and obtaining a thin-wall cylinder section part, wherein the size of the part is expressed as the outer diameter D 2Inner diameter d2Height H2；
(8) And (3) cutting off process allowances at two ends of the spinning thin-wall cylinder section, wherein the size of the part is represented as: outer diameter D, inner diameter D, height H;
(9) carrying out solution treatment on the thin-wall cylinder section part;
(10) performing circle correction operation on the part subjected to the solution treatment in the step (9) by using a plate bending machine, and releasing the quenching stress of the part;
(11) carrying out aging treatment on the part subjected to the rounding in the step (10);
(12) carrying out acid cleaning treatment on the part subjected to the aging treatment in the step (11) to remove oil stains and oxide skin on the surface;
(13) performing surface fluorescent coloring treatment on the part subjected to acid cleaning treatment in the step (12), and checking whether cracks and hole defects exist or not;
(14) and cutting a sampling sheet at the corresponding part of the thin-wall cylinder section, and detecting the mechanical property.
The rolling-spinning composite precision forming method for the thin-wall cylinder section of the aluminum alloy is characterized in that in the step (2), the hollow aluminum alloy cast ingot of the original blank is heated at the heating temperature of 440-470 ℃ for 150-180 min.
The rolling-spinning composite precision forming method for the aluminum alloy thin-wall cylinder section is characterized in that ring blank annealing treatment is carried out in the step (6), the heating temperature is 340-410 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2-3 hours.
The rolling-spinning composite precision forming method for the aluminum alloy thin-wall cylinder section is characterized in that in the step (9), the thin-wall cylinder section part is subjected to solution treatment, the heating temperature is 495-540 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 45-60 min.
The rolling-spinning composite precision forming method for the aluminum alloy thin-wall cylinder section is characterized in that in the step (11), the part subjected to the rounding is subjected to aging treatment, the heating temperature is 155-170 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 4-25 hours.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention adopts the hollow cast ingot as the original blank, avoids the complicated blank making process of the traditional free forging mode and shortens the production period; the two plastic deformation modes of ring rolling and spinning are combined, so that the blank is deformed to a large extent in the ring direction and the axial direction, and the high mechanical property of the thin-wall cylinder section in two directions is ensured; the thin-wall cylinder section prepared by the hollow ingot casting through the processes of ring rolling, spinning and the like has no material removal in the whole manufacturing process, has higher raw material utilization rate, can ensure the roundness of the part subjected to solution treatment after the rolling, bending and rounding, and has higher dimensional precision.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the diameter growth process of the hollow ingot by using a radial-axial ring rolling mill.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the height growing process of the ring blank after ring rolling by using a powerful spinning machine.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the present invention for rounding a thin-wall cylinder section after solid solution by using a plate rolling machine.
Wherein: 1-a main roll; 2-core roll; 3, mounting a conical roller; 4-lower conical roller; 5-parts; 6-clamping head; 7-a spinning wheel; 8-core mould; 9-a drive roll; and 10, supporting the roller.
Detailed Description
The chemical components of the original blank material meet the requirements of GB/T3190 standard, the microstructure meets the requirements of GB/T3246.1 standard, and the macrostructure meets the requirements of GB/T3246.2 standard; the blank should be machined on its entire surface with a surface roughness not greater than Ra12.6.
A rolling-spinning composite precision forming method for an aluminum alloy thin-wall cylinder section comprises the following steps:
(1) adopting a semi-continuously cast hollow aluminum alloy ingot as an original blank, machining the whole surface of the blank, wherein the surface roughness is not more than Ra12.6, and the size of the hollow ingot is expressed as: outer diameter D0Inner diameter d0Height H0；
(2) Heating the original blank hollow aluminum alloy cast ingot in the step (1);
(3) performing rolling deformation operation on the heated hollow ingot by using a radial-axial numerical control ring rolling mill to enable the diameter of the blank to grow to a target size, wherein the size of the ring blank after ring rolling is expressed as an outer diameter D1Inner diameter d1Height H1；
(4) Cooling the ring blank prepared in the step (3) in air;
(5) performing multi-pass rotary-lengthening operation on the ring blank cooled in the step (4) by using a powerful rotary press;
(6) When the wall thickness of the ring blank in the step (5) is reduced by 1/2-2/3, annealing the semi-finished product;
(7) continuously carrying out spinning forming on the annealed semi-finished product until the wall thickness of the part is reduced to the size of a finished product, and obtaining a thin-wall cylinder section part, wherein the size of the part is expressed as the outer diameter D2Inner diameter d2Height H2；
(8) And (3) cutting off process allowances at two ends of the spinning thin-wall cylinder section, wherein the size of the part is represented as: outer diameter D, inner diameter D, height H;
(9) carrying out solution treatment on the thin-wall cylinder section part;
(10) performing circle correction operation on the part subjected to the solution treatment in the step (9) by using a plate bending machine, and releasing the quenching stress of the part;
(11) carrying out aging treatment on the part subjected to the rounding in the step (10);
(12) carrying out acid cleaning treatment on the part subjected to the aging treatment in the step (11) to remove oil stains and oxide skin on the surface;
(13) performing surface fluorescent coloring treatment on the part subjected to acid cleaning treatment in the step (12), and checking whether cracks and hole defects exist or not;
(14) and cutting a sampling sheet at the corresponding part of the thin-wall cylinder section, and detecting the mechanical property.
The rolling-spinning composite precision forming method for the thin-wall cylinder section of the aluminum alloy is characterized in that in the step (2), the hollow aluminum alloy cast ingot of the original blank is heated at the heating temperature of 440-470 ℃ for 150-180 min.
The rolling-spinning composite precision forming method for the aluminum alloy thin-wall cylinder section is characterized in that annealing treatment is carried out on the ring part blank in the step (6), the heating temperature is 340-410 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2-3 hours.
The rolling-spinning composite precision forming method for the aluminum alloy thin-wall cylinder section is characterized in that in the step (9), the thin-wall cylinder section part is subjected to solution treatment, the heating temperature is 495-540 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 45-60 min.
The rolling-spinning composite precision forming method for the aluminum alloy thin-wall cylinder section is characterized in that in the step (11), the part subjected to the rounding is subjected to aging treatment, the heating temperature is 155-170 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 4-25 hours.
Example 1:
2A14 aluminum alloy thin-wall cylinder section parts are prepared, and the finished product size D is 1516mm, D is 1500mm and H is 1200 mm.
(1) The method is characterized in that a semi-continuously cast hollow 2A14 aluminum alloy cast ingot is used as an original blank, chemical components of the cast ingot meet the GB/T3190 standard requirement, a microstructure of the cast ingot meets the GB/T3246.1 standard requirement, and a macrostructure of the cast ingot meets the GB/T3246.2 standard requirement; the surface roughness of the hollow ingot casting vehicle after surface skin is not more than Ra12.6, and the size is the outer diameter D0500mm, inner diameter d0300mm, height H0＝500mm；
(2) Heating the original blank aluminum alloy hollow cast ingot in the step (1) at the heating temperature of 450-470 ℃ for not less than 150 min;
(3) Diameter of utilization-an axial numerically controlled ring rolling mill for rolling deformation of the heated hollow ingot to change the billet size to an outer diameter D11550mm, inside diameter d11500mm, height H1＝500mm；
(4) And (4) cooling the ring blank prepared in the step (3) in air.
(5) Sleeving the blank of the middle ring part in the step (4) on a core mould of a spinning machine, wherein the diameter of the core mould is 1500mm, tightly clamping the blank by using a chuck, and performing multi-pass spinning operation;
(6) when the wall thickness of the ring blank in the step (5) is reduced to 18mm, loosening the clamping head to take the semi-finished product down from the spinning machine, and carrying out annealing treatment, wherein the annealing heating temperature is 340-410 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2-3 h;
(7) after the annealing is finished, continuously spinning and forming the semi-finished product in a clamping way, and obtaining the outer diameter D when the wall thickness of the part is reduced to 8mm21516mm, inside diameter d21500mm, height H21500 +/-50 mm of thin-wall cylinder section;
(8) cutting off the chuck part of the thin-wall cylinder section and the process allowance of the spinning tail end, wherein the size of a part is 1516mm in outer diameter D, 1500mm in inner diameter D and 1300mm in height H;
(9) carrying out solid solution treatment on the thin-wall cylinder section part, wherein the heating temperature is 495-505 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 50-60 min;
(10) the thin-wall cylinder section has certain deformation after the solution treatment, and is subjected to roundness correction by using a plate bending machine, and simultaneously the quenching stress of the part is released;
(11) Carrying out aging treatment on the rounded part, wherein the heating temperature is 155-165 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 4-15 h;
(12) performing acid pickling treatment on the part subjected to aging treatment to remove oil stains and oxide skin on the surface;
(13) carrying out surface fluorescent coloring treatment on the parts subjected to acid washing, and checking whether cracks and hole defects exist or not;
(14) and cutting off a whole ring at one section of the thin-wall cylinder section, and detecting the mechanical property.
Example 2:
and (3) preparing 2219 aluminum alloy thin-wall cylinder section parts, wherein the finished product dimension D is 1012mm, D is 1000mm, and H is 1400 mm.
(1) The method is characterized in that a semi-continuously cast hollow 2219 aluminum alloy ingot is used as an original blank, chemical components of the ingot meet the GB/T3190 standard requirement, a microstructure of the ingot meets the GB/T3246.1 standard requirement, and a macrostructure of the ingot meets the GB/T3246.2 standard requirement; the surface roughness of the hollow ingot casting vehicle after surface skin is not more than Ra12.6, and the size is the outer diameter D0440mm, inner diameter d0300mm, height H0＝400mm；
(2) Heating the original blank aluminum alloy hollow cast ingot in the step (1) at 440-460 ℃, wherein the heat preservation time is not less than 180 min;
(3) rolling and deforming the heated hollow cast ingot by a radial-axial numerical control ring rolling mill to change the size of the blank into an outer diameter D11050mm, inner diameter d 11000mm, height H1＝400mm；
(4) Cooling the ring blank prepared in the step (3) in air;
(5) sleeving the blank of the middle ring part in the step (4) on a core mould of a spinning machine, wherein the diameter of the core mould is 1000mm, tightly clamping the blank by using a chuck, and performing multi-pass spinning operation;
(6) when the wall thickness of the blank of the ring part in the step (5) is reduced to 12mm, loosening the clamping head to take the semi-finished product down from the spinning machine, and carrying out annealing treatment, wherein the annealing heating temperature is 350-410 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2-3 h;
(7) after the annealing is finished, continuously spinning and forming the semi-finished product in a clamping way, and obtaining the outer diameter D when the wall thickness of the part is reduced to 6mm21012mm, inner diameter d21000mm, height H21600 +/-80 mm thin-wall cylinder section;
(8) cutting off the chuck part of the thin-wall cylinder section and the process allowance of the spinning tail end, wherein the outer diameter D of the part is 1012mm, the inner diameter D is 1000mm, and the height H is 1400 mm;
(9) carrying out solution treatment on the thin-wall cylinder section part, wherein the heating temperature is 530-540 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 45-55 min;
(10) the cylinder section after the solution treatment has certain deformation, and the cylinder section is rounded by using a plate bending machine, and simultaneously the quenching stress of the part is released;
(11) carrying out aging treatment on the rounded part, wherein the heating temperature is 160-170 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 18-25 h;
(12) Performing acid pickling treatment on the part subjected to aging treatment to remove oil stains and oxide skin on the surface;
(13) carrying out surface fluorescent coloring treatment on the parts subjected to acid washing, and checking whether cracks and hole defects exist or not;
(14) and cutting off a whole ring at one section of the thin-wall cylinder section, and detecting the mechanical property.
While one embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail, the description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A rolling-spinning composite precision forming method of an aluminum alloy thin-wall cylinder section is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) adopting a semi-continuously cast hollow aluminum alloy ingot as an original blank, machining the whole surface of the blank, wherein the surface roughness is not more than Ra12.6, and the size of the hollow ingot is expressed as: outer diameter D0Inner diameter d0Height H0；
(2) Heating the hollow aluminum alloy cast ingot of the original blank in the step (1), wherein the heating temperature is 440-470 ℃, and the heat preservation time is more than 150-180 min;
(3) performing rolling deformation operation on the heated hollow ingot by using a radial-axial numerical control ring rolling mill to enable the diameter of the blank to grow to a target size, wherein the size of the ring blank after ring rolling is expressed as an outer diameter D 1Inner diameter d1Height H1；
(4) Cooling the ring blank prepared in the step (3) in air;
(5) performing multi-pass rotary-lengthening operation on the ring blank cooled in the step (4) by using a powerful rotary press;
(6) when the wall thickness of the ring blank in the step (5) is reduced by 1/2-2/3, annealing the semi-finished product at 340-410 ℃ for 2-3 h;
(7) continuously carrying out spin forming on the annealed semi-finished product to obtain a thin-wall cylinder section part, wherein the size of the part is represented as the outer diameter D2Inner diameter d2Height H2；
(8) And (3) cutting off process allowances at two ends of the spinning thin-wall cylinder section, wherein the size of the part is represented as: outer diameter D, inner diameter D, height H;
(9) carrying out solution treatment on the thin-wall cylinder section part;
(10) performing circle correction operation on the part subjected to the solution treatment in the step (9) by using a plate bending machine, and releasing the quenching stress of the part;
(11) carrying out aging treatment on the part subjected to the rounding in the step (10);
(12) carrying out acid cleaning treatment on the part subjected to the aging treatment in the step (11) to remove oil stains and oxide skin on the surface;
(13) performing surface fluorescent coloring treatment on the part subjected to acid cleaning treatment in the step (12), and checking whether cracks and hole defects exist or not;
(14) And cutting a sampling sheet at the corresponding part of the thin-wall cylinder section, and detecting the mechanical property.
2. The roll-spin combined precision forming method of the aluminum alloy thin-wall cylinder section of claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy thin-wall cylinder section is a 2A14 aluminum alloy cylinder section or a 2219 aluminum alloy cylinder section.
3. The rolling-spinning composite precision forming method of the aluminum alloy thin-wall cylinder section according to claim 1 is characterized in that the chemical components of the hollow aluminum alloy ingot raw material meet the GB/T3190 standard requirement, the microstructure meets the GB/T3246.1 standard requirement, and the macrostructure meets the GB/T3246.2 standard requirement; the blank is machined on the whole surface, and the surface roughness is not more than Ra12.6.
4. The rolling-spinning composite precision forming method of the aluminum alloy thin-wall cylinder section as claimed in claim 2, wherein the 2A14 aluminum alloy cylinder section is heated at 495-505 ℃ for 50-60 min in solid solution parameter, heated at 155-165 ℃ for 4-15 h in aging parameter.
5. The rolling-spinning composite precision forming method of the aluminum alloy thin-wall cylinder section as claimed in claim 2, wherein the 2219 aluminum alloy cylinder section is heated at 530-540 ℃ for 45-55 min in solid solution parameters, and heated at 160-170 ℃ for 18-25 h in aging parameters.
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