CN109794613A - A kind of preparation method of nanometer of ZrC enhancing FeCrAl alloy - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of nanometer of ZrC enhancing FeCrAl alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN109794613A CN109794613A CN201910128065.7A CN201910128065A CN109794613A CN 109794613 A CN109794613 A CN 109794613A CN 201910128065 A CN201910128065 A CN 201910128065A CN 109794613 A CN109794613 A CN 109794613A
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Abstract
The invention discloses the preparation methods of a kind of nanometer of ZrC enhancing FeCrAl alloy, including window frame and sash, the sash includes the first sash and the second sash, first sash is fixed on window frame, and first sash covering window frame hollow region, second sash is rotationally connected with the wall on window frame or for installing hagioscope by articulation piece, and the second sash can be turned to around articulation piece and is stacked with the first sash.This hagioscope installation and it is easy to maintain and highly-safe in maintenance process.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to iron-based construction material and specialty alloy materials technical fields, and in particular in pressurized water reactor
Core structural material and fuel element cladding material, more particularly to the preparation side of a kind of nanometer of ZrC enhancing FeCrAl alloy
Method.
Background technique
After Fukushima, Japan nuclear accident, it is desirable that the next-generation and following used by nuclear reactor cladding materials and current zirconium alloy cladding phase
Than, it is necessary to have better steam oxidation ability resistant to high temperatures, is capable of providing bigger safe clearance and melts to avoid potential reactor core
Change accident.Research shows that the FeCrAl based alloy containing suitable Cr and Al content has outstanding steam oxidation energy resistant to high temperatures because of it
Power, good anti-radiation performance and corrosion resistance etc. and become advanced nuclear reactor (such as military nuclear power reactor) cladding materials
In great prospect candidate material.
Contain appropriate Cr, the FeCrAl alloy of Al content is used as reactor cladding materials and wanted in addition to meeting above-mentioned performance
It asks outer, should also have following performance: first is that: alloy has higher-strength and plasticity at room temperature, is thin-walled involucrum tubular object extruding
Basis is provided;Second is that: (being not less than 800 DEG C) at high temperature, alloy has higher-strength, provides base for reliability under worst hot case
Plinth;Third is that: alloy high-temp tissue is more stable, and alloy has stronger thermal structure stability within 800 DEG C or more long periods
And grain size stabilized is constant.In existing FeCrAl alloy material, can it not reach suitable for fuel element cladding, lattice
The material that the core structures body such as frame requires.
Summary of the invention
For set forth above in existing FeCrAl alloy material, can it not reach suitable for fuel element packet
The problem of material that the core structures body such as shell, screen work requires, the present invention provides a kind of nanometer of ZrC to enhance FeCrAl alloy
Preparation method.This preparation method is used to prepare the FeCrAl alloy material containing nanometer ZrC using as nuclear reactor structure material,
The FeCrAl alloy elevated temperature strength with higher and structure stability prepared using this preparation method, while there is good room
Warm mechanical property and the plasticity for being suitble to processing.
In view of the above-mentioned problems, the preparation method of a kind of nanometer of ZrC provided by the invention enhancing FeCrAl alloy pass through it is following
Technical essential solves the problems, such as: the preparation method of a kind of nanometer of ZrC enhancing FeCrAl alloy, the following step carried out including sequence
It is rapid:
Step 1, by FeCrAl prealloy powder and ZrC powder according to weight percent 97%~99.8%:0.2~3%
Ratio weigh and mix, the particle size range of ZrC powder is 3~100nm;
Step 2, using ball mill, the mixed powder that step 1 obtains is placed in ball grinder and is mixed, is mixed to get ZrC
The equally distributed mixed powder of grain;
Step 3, the mixed powder that step 2 obtains is sintered, obtains FeCrAl based alloy block;
Step 4, FeCrAl based alloy block sintering obtained carries out heat treatment, obtains target product after cooling.
This programme is used to prepare FeCrAl based alloy, is increased by the content, processing technology, nanometer of nanometer reinforcing phase in alloy
The state modulator of strong phase, can prepare the equally distributed fine grain FeCrAl based alloy of nanometer ZrC particle.ZrC in alloy
Grain is 3~100nm by weight the average diameter for being 0.2~3.0%, ZrC particle;Utilize nano-scale ZrC particle pinning position
Wrong and crystal boundary is mobile, and crystal grain in the alloy under hot conditions is inhibited to grow up, make FeCrAl alloy elevated temperature strength with higher and
Structure stability, while there is good room-temperature mechanical property and be suitble to the plasticity of processing.In addition, in nanometer reinforcing phase ZrC
Sub- absorption cross-section ratio TiC, HfC, Y2O3、La2O3Etc. reinforced phases it is lower, be conducive to improve FeCrAl based alloy neutron economy,
And a large amount of phase interfaces between nano particle and alloy substrate are conducive to absorb the point defect that irradiation generates, to be conducive to mention
The anti-radiation performance of high alloy.
The resulting nanometer ZrC enhancing fine grain FeCrAl alloy material of the preparation method that this programme provides not only has significantly
Mechanical property also has preferable high high-temp stability, fuel element cladding, screen work etc. can be used as in power producer
The material of core structure body.
Further technical solution are as follows:
For the characteristic of FeCrAl prealloy powder and ZrC powder, it is conducive to powder active as one kind, can get 2000 DEG C
The above mixing temperature spreads conducive to atom and obtains the ball mill state modulator of solid solution, in step 2, in an inert atmosphere
Ball milling mixing is carried out, the revolving speed of ball mill is 200~350r/min, and Ball-milling Time is 20~50h, and ratio of grinding media to material is (8~20): 1.
Using this programme, FeCrAl powder granule can be refined while making ZrC even particulate dispersion in alloy powder.
Ratio of grinding media to material is (10~16): 1.Using this programme, it can more fully hereinafter refine powder granule and make reinforced phase particle
Be evenly distributed, while production efficiency with higher: ratio of grinding media to material is too big, and production efficiency is low;Ratio of grinding media to material is too small, then is difficult to make powder
The sufficiently distributing homogeneity of refinement and Second Phase Particle.
Specific implementation as sintering: in step 3, any one being sintered in following manner:
In mixed powder merging mold after ball milling, be then put in discharge plasma sintering furnace, in protective atmosphere or
It is sintered in vacuum, discharge plasma sintering temperature is 1050~1200 DEG C, sintering time is 2~15min, using protectiveness
When atmosphere sintering, sintering environmental pressure is 10~70MPa;
By in the mixed powder merging mold after ball milling, it is subsequently placed in hot-pressed sintering furnace, in protective atmosphere or vacuum
In into sintering, sintering temperature is 1050~1200 DEG C, and sintering time is 1~5h, when being sintered using protective atmosphere, is sintered environment
Pressure is 10~70MPa;
Mixed powder after ball milling is cold-pressed using punching block or waits static pressure suppressions at blank, then in protective atmosphere or very
Aerial to carry out pressureless sintering, sintering temperature is 1050~1200 DEG C, and sintering time is 1~6h.
As the preferred embodiment being sintered above, setting are as follows: described to be sintered to hot pressed sintering, sintering condition are as follows: sintering temperature
1050~1200 DEG C, sintering time be 1~3h, be sintered using protective atmosphere, sintering environmental pressure be 20~50Mpa.Using
This programme can make material reach higher consistency, avoid crystal grain and reinforced phase particle coarsening, at the same effectively inhibit ZrC with
The reaction of alloy substrate is conducive to improve to obtain high-densit, fine grain and the FeCrAl based alloy containing nanometer reinforcing phase
The mechanical property of alloy.
As the specific implementation form of FeCrAl prealloy powder, setting are as follows: the FeCrAl prealloy powder in step 1 is by weight
Percentages are measured, the Al of Cr, 3~6wt% containing 10~16wt%, surplus is iron;
In FeCrAl prealloy powder, the particle size range of powder is 10~50 microns.Using this programme, can make to lead
Powder surface is easy to oxidize when wanting the ingredients such as alloying element Fe, Cr, Al to be uniformly distributed, and individually adding Al powder, Cr powder, needs simultaneously
Want higher ball milling condition (higher drum's speed of rotation and longer Ball-milling Time) that can just make the main alloy element in alloy
It is evenly distributed.As those skilled in the art, the above FeCrAl prealloy powder by weight percentage, contains 10~16wt%
Cr, 3~6wt% Al, surplus be iron in, surplus be iron be construed as in surplus include iron and inevitable impurity.
The preferred embodiment of partial size as ZrC powder, setting are as follows: the particle size range of ZrC powder is 3~60nm.Using this
The nanometer ZrC powder granule of particle size range can pinning dislocation and crystal boundary it is mobile, to refine crystal grain, improve alloy strength and height
Temperature stability.When the size of ZrC particle is too big, meeting cause in stress collection at particle and basal body interface and embrittlement, simultaneously number
Density is lower, and dispersion-strengthened effect is poor;And partial size < 3nm ZrC powder granule is at high cost, preparation is difficult.
Specific implementation as step 4: heat treatment described in step 4 is one of forging, rolling or combination;
The initial forging temperature of forging is 1050~1200 DEG C, final forging temperature is 850~700 DEG C, deflection >=40%, rolling temperature
≤ 900 DEG C of degree, deflection >=40%.Hot-working is carried out with this condition, can be further improved the consistency of alloy, has simultaneously
There is tiny grain structure, avoid reinforced phase particle growth, makes alloy that there is good strength and plasticity.
The invention has the following advantages:
This programme is used to prepare FeCrAl based alloy, is increased by the content, processing technology, nanometer of nanometer reinforcing phase in alloy
The state modulator of strong phase, can prepare the equally distributed fine grain FeCrAl based alloy of nanometer ZrC particle.ZrC in alloy
Grain is 3~100nm by weight the average diameter for being 0.2~3.0%, ZrC particle;Utilize nano-scale ZrC particle pinning position
Wrong and crystal boundary is mobile, and crystal grain in the alloy under hot conditions is inhibited to grow up, make FeCrAl alloy elevated temperature strength with higher and
Structure stability, while there is good room-temperature mechanical property and be suitble to the plasticity of processing.In addition, in nanometer reinforcing phase ZrC
Sub- absorption cross-section ratio TiC, HfC, Y2O3、La2O3Etc. reinforced phases it is lower, be conducive to improve FeCrAl based alloy neutron economy,
And a large amount of phase interfaces between nano particle and alloy substrate are conducive to absorb the point defect that irradiation generates, to be conducive to mention
The anti-radiation performance of high alloy.
The resulting nanometer ZrC enhancing fine grain FeCrAl alloy material of the preparation method that this programme provides not only has significantly
Mechanical property also has preferable high high-temp stability, fuel element cladding, screen work etc. can be used as in power producer
The material of core structure body.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the transmission electron microscope figure of 4 gained alloy of embodiment;
Fig. 2 is in following embodiment, and alloy obtained by different embodiments is before and after 1000 DEG C of annealing 5h, comparative example and embodiment
The grain structure shape appearance figure of 4 gained alloys;
Fig. 3 is in following embodiment, and alloy obtained by different embodiments is before and after 1000 DEG C of annealing 5h, comparative example and embodiment
The room temperature tensile curve of 4 gained alloys.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, but the present invention is not limited only to following implementation
Example:
Embodiment 1:
As shown in Figure 1 to Figure 3, the preparation method of a kind of nanometer of ZrC enhancing FeCrAl alloy carries out following including sequence
Step:
Step 1, by FeCrAl prealloy powder and ZrC powder according to weight percent 97%~99.8%:0.2~3%
Ratio weigh and mix, the particle size range of ZrC powder is 3~100nm;
Step 2, using ball mill, the mixed powder that step 1 obtains is placed in ball grinder and is mixed, is mixed to get ZrC
The equally distributed mixed powder of grain;
Step 3, the mixed powder that step 2 obtains is sintered, obtains FeCrAl based alloy block;
Step 4, FeCrAl based alloy block sintering obtained carries out heat treatment, obtains target product after cooling.
This programme is used to prepare FeCrAl based alloy, is increased by the content, processing technology, nanometer of nanometer reinforcing phase in alloy
The state modulator of strong phase, can prepare the equally distributed fine grain FeCrAl based alloy of nanometer ZrC particle.ZrC in alloy
Grain is 3~100nm by weight the average diameter for being 0.2~3.0%, ZrC particle;Utilize nano-scale ZrC particle pinning position
Wrong and crystal boundary is mobile, and crystal grain in the alloy under hot conditions is inhibited to grow up, make FeCrAl alloy elevated temperature strength with higher and
Structure stability, while there is good room-temperature mechanical property and be suitble to the plasticity of processing.In addition, in nanometer reinforcing phase ZrC
Sub- absorption cross-section ratio TiC, HfC, Y2O3、La2O3Etc. reinforced phases it is lower, be conducive to improve FeCrAl based alloy neutron economy,
And a large amount of phase interfaces between nano particle and alloy substrate are conducive to absorb the point defect that irradiation generates, to be conducive to mention
The anti-radiation performance of high alloy.
The resulting nanometer ZrC enhancing fine grain FeCrAl alloy material of the preparation method that this programme provides not only has significantly
Mechanical property also has preferable high high-temp stability, fuel element cladding, screen work etc. can be used as in power producer
The material of core structure body.
Embodiment 2:
The present embodiment provides a kind of concrete implementation mode on the basis of embodiment 1:
A kind of preparation method of nanometer of ZrC enhancing FeCrAl alloy, the following steps carried out including sequence:
Step 1: FeCrAl prealloy powder and ZrC powder are claimed according to the ratio that weight percent is 99.5%:0.5%
Take, by weight percentage, in FeCrAl prealloy powder Cr content be 13.2%, Al content 5.6%, surplus is iron and to meet
The impurity of industrial standard;
Step 2, in mixed powder merging ball grinder step 1 obtained, ball milling mixing, ball milling are carried out in argon atmosphere
The revolving speed of machine is 300r/min, Ball-milling Time 20h, ratio of grinding media to material 12:1, obtains the equally distributed mixed powder of ZrC particle;
Step 3, it in the powder merging graphite jig after ball milling, is then put in discharge plasma sintering furnace and is sintered,
Discharge plasma sintering temperature is 1150 DEG C, sintering time 5min, pressure 50MPa, obtains having after cooling more high-densit
The FeCrAl based alloy block of degree, then using the carburization zone on wire cutting removal block surface layer;
Step 4, FeCrAl based alloy block is subjected to hot forging processing, 1000 DEG C of initial forging temperature, 800 DEG C of final forging temperature, always
Deflection 60% obtains target product after cooling.
Embodiment 3:
The present embodiment is directed to embodiment 2, provides a specific comparative example:
FeCrAl based alloy is prepared according to the preparation method of embodiment 1, difference is that comparative example is not adding ZrC powder
In the case where, prepare FeCrAl based alloy.
Embodiment 4:
The present embodiment prepares FeCrAl based alloy according to the preparation method that embodiment 2 provides, and difference is that embodiment 4 exists
In the case that FeCrAl prealloy powder and ZrC powder are 99%:1% according to weight percent, FeCrAl based alloy is prepared.
Embodiment 5:
The present embodiment prepares FeCrAl based alloy according to the preparation method that embodiment 2 provides, and difference is that embodiment 5 exists
In the case that FeCrAl prealloy powder and ZrC powder are 98%:2% according to weight percent, FeCrAl based alloy is prepared.
2~5 gained FeCrAl based alloy of above embodiments is tested or is tested is as follows:
Room temperature tensile is carried out to 2~5 gained FeCrAl based alloy of embodiment using universal testing machine, drawing by high temperature is surveyed
Examination carries out hardness test, the room temperature tensile intensity measured, room temperature elongation percentage, Testing Tensile Strength at Elevated Temperature using micro Vickers
The results are shown in Table 1 with hardness.
Table 1: the mechanical experimental results of 2~5 gained FeCrAl based alloy of embodiment
According to table 1, at room temperature, the room temperature tensile intensity distribution of above embodiments 2,4,5 is 793MPa, 844MPa
And 862MPa, intensity is significantly higher than the 757MPa of comparative example (embodiment 3), while embodiment 2 and 4 also has the modeling of good room temperature
Property;At 800 DEG C, the tensile strength of embodiment 2,4,5 is respectively 76MPa, 95MPa and 114MPa, obviously higher than comparative example
The 45MPa of FeCrAl based alloy;The hardness of embodiment 2,4,5 illustrates prepared by this programme providing method also above comparative example
FeCrAl based alloy elevated temperature strength with higher, hardness and good temperature-room type plasticity.Wherein, embodiment 4 is in room temperature and height
High intensity and good plasticity are all had under temperature, there is preferable comprehensive mechanical property, are conducive to improve nuclear reactor fuel packet
Shell resists the ability of major accident, while good plasticity is also beneficial to shaping for alloy.
Using the microstructure of transmission electron microscope observation embodiment 4, test result is shown in Fig. 1.According to Fig. 1, implement
ZrC particle is evenly distributed in alloy substrate in example 4, and the partial size of ZrC particle is 5~70nm;It is tiny in FeCrAl based alloy
ZrC particle can pinning dislocation, as shown in Figure 1, the intensity and high-temperature stability of alloy can either be effectively improved, and avoid the formation of
Big particle and cause stress collection neutralize embrittlement, to keep good comprehensive mechanical property.
The crystal grain of FeCrAl based alloy obtained by the embodiment of the present application 4 and comparative example is analyzed using electron backscatter diffraction instrument
Tissue topography, test result are shown in Fig. 2.According to fig. 2, measuring embodiment 4 (Fig. 2 b) average grain size is respectively 0.8 micron, and
The average grain size of comparative example FeCrAl based alloy (Fig. 2 a) is 1.5 microns, illustrates that the nano-scale ZrC particle of addition can
Effectively the alloy grain in high-temperature sintering process is inhibited to grow up.
It investigates the structure stability of the embodiment of the present application 4 and comparative example at high temperature: will be closed obtained by embodiment 4 and comparative example
Gold is annealed 5 hours at 1000 DEG C, levies grain structure pattern using electron backscatter diffraction instrument, characterization result is shown in Fig. 2 (c) and figure
2(d).Test result shows that after 1000 DEG C of annealing 5h, the crystallite dimension of 4 gained alloy of embodiment is relatively stable, average crystal grain
Average grain size having a size of 1 microns, and alloy obtained by comparative example is grown up from 1.5 microns to nearly hundred microns.Illustrate this
The FeCrAl based alloy of application has good structure stability at high temperature.
Alloy obtained by embodiment 4 and comparative example after high annealing 5 hours, is tested at 1000 DEG C using universal testing machine
The tensile property of alloy, the hardness of alloy is tested using micro Vickers, and test result is shown in Table 2 and Fig. 3.According to Fig. 3
With table 2, after 1000 DEG C of annealing 5h, the temperature-room type plasticity variation of comparative example and embodiment 4 is all little, but the room temperature tensile of comparative example
Intensity is reduced to 560MPa by the 757MPa before annealing, and the tensile strength of embodiment 4 varies less, only before annealing
844MPa is reduced to 828MPa, illustrate embodiment 4 have preferable high-temperature stability, can still maintain after the high-temperature anneal compared with
Good mechanical property.
Table 2: mechanical experimental results of the alloy obtained by embodiment 2 and comparative example before and after 1000 DEG C of annealing 5h
The above test content illustrates the preparation method of nanometer ZrC enhancing FeCrAl alloy provided by the invention, can prepare
The equally distributed fine grain FeCrAl based alloy of nanometer ZrC particle out so that FeCrAl based alloy elevated temperature strength with higher and
Structure stability, while there is good room-temperature mechanical property and be suitble to the plasticity of processing.
The above content is combine specific preferred embodiment to the further description of the invention made, and it cannot be said that originally
The specific embodiment of invention is only limited to these instructions.For those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs,
The other embodiments obtained in the case where not departing from technical solution of the present invention, should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the preparation method of a kind of nanometer of ZrC enhancing FeCrAl alloy, which is characterized in that the following steps carried out including sequence:
Step 1, by FeCrAl prealloy powder and ZrC powder according to the ratio of weight percent 97%~99.8%:0.2~3%
Example is weighed and is mixed, and the particle size range of ZrC powder is 3~100nm;
Step 2, using ball mill, the mixed powder that step 1 obtains is placed in ball grinder and is mixed, it is equal to be mixed to get ZrC particle
The mixed powder of even distribution;
Step 3, the mixed powder that step 2 obtains is sintered, obtains FeCrAl based alloy block;
Step 4, FeCrAl based alloy block sintering obtained carries out heat treatment, obtains target product after cooling.
2. the preparation method of a kind of nanometer of ZrC enhancing FeCrAl alloy according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step
In rapid 2, ball milling mixing is carried out in an inert atmosphere, the revolving speed of ball mill is 200~350r/min, and Ball-milling Time is 20~50h,
Ratio of grinding media to material is (8~20): 1.
3. the preparation method of a kind of nanometer of ZrC enhancing FeCrAl alloy according to claim 2, which is characterized in that ball material
Than for (10~16): 1.
4. the preparation method of a kind of nanometer of ZrC enhancing FeCrAl alloy according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step
In rapid 3, the sintering are as follows: in the mixed powder merging mold after ball milling, be then put in discharge plasma sintering furnace, protecting
It is sintered in property atmosphere or vacuum, discharge plasma sintering temperature is 1050~1200 DEG C, sintering time is 2~15min, is adopted
When being sintered with protective atmosphere, sintering environmental pressure is 10~70Mpa.
5. the preparation method of a kind of nanometer of ZrC enhancing FeCrAl alloy according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step
In rapid 3, the sintering are as follows: by the mixed powder merging mold after ball milling, be subsequently placed in hot-pressed sintering furnace, in protectiveness gas
Into sintering in atmosphere or vacuum, sintering temperature is 1050~1200 DEG C, and sintering time is 1~5h, when being sintered using protective atmosphere,
Sintering environmental pressure is 10~70Mpa.
6. the preparation method of a kind of nanometer of ZrC enhancing FeCrAl alloy according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step
In rapid 3, the sintering are as follows: the mixed powder after ball milling is cold-pressed using punching block or waits static pressure suppressions at blank, is then being protected
Property atmosphere or vacuum in carry out pressureless sintering, sintering temperature is 1050~1200 DEG C, and sintering time is 1~6h.
7. the preparation method of a kind of nanometer of ZrC enhancing FeCrAl alloy according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
It is sintered to hot pressed sintering, sintering condition are as follows: 1050~1200 DEG C of sintering temperature, sintering time are 1~3h, using protective atmosphere
Sintering, sintering environmental pressure are 20~50Mpa.
8. the preparation method of a kind of nanometer of ZrC enhancing FeCrAl alloy according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step 1
In FeCrAl prealloy powder by weight percentage, the Al of Cr, 3~6wt% containing 10~16wt%, surplus is iron;
In FeCrAl prealloy powder, the particle size range of powder is 10~50 microns.
9. the preparation method of a kind of nanometer of ZrC enhancing FeCrAl alloy according to claim 1, which is characterized in that ZrC powder
The particle size range of body is 3~60nm.
10. the preparation method of a kind of nanometer of ZrC enhancing FeCrAl alloy as claimed in any of claims 1 to 9,
It is characterized in that, heat treatment described in step 4 is one of forging, rolling or combination;
The initial forging temperature of forging is 1050~1200 DEG C, final forging temperature is 850~700 DEG C, deflection >=40%, rolling temperature≤
900 DEG C, deflection >=40%.
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CN111809119A (en) * | 2020-07-20 | 2020-10-23 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | Dispersion strengthening FeCrAl alloy material |
CN113278895A (en) * | 2021-05-06 | 2021-08-20 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | High-strength FeCrAl-based alloy |
CN114951691A (en) * | 2022-03-28 | 2022-08-30 | 上海大学 | Laser additive manufacturing method of ZrC particle reinforced FeCrAl metal matrix composite material for nuclear fuel cladding |
CN115181881A (en) * | 2022-07-08 | 2022-10-14 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | ZrC nanoparticle reinforced RAFM steel and preparation method and application thereof |
CN115852230A (en) * | 2022-09-09 | 2023-03-28 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | ZrC enhanced FeCrAl alloy and preparation method thereof |
CN115852230B (en) * | 2022-09-09 | 2024-03-19 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | ZrC reinforced FeCrAl alloy and preparation method thereof |
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