A kind of titanium alloy and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to powder metallurgical technologies, in particular to a kind of titanium alloy and preparation method thereof.
Background technique
Titanium alloy has the characteristics that density is low, specific strength is high, corrosion-resistant and biocompatibility is excellent, in aerospace, boat
The fields such as sea, chemical industry, automobile, Leisure Sport, medical treatment all have very important application value and wide application prospect.So
And Gao Chengben significantly limits its practical application.Seek high-performance, inexpensive technology of preparing be always titanium base material research
Emphasis.
PM technique is as a kind of few cutting or manufacturing technology without cutting, and stock utilization is close to 100%, quilt
It is considered a kind of important method that can effectively reduce titanium alloy product cost.It can prepare and forge now state titanium alloy
The comparable powder metallurgy titanium article of energy, but its cost is still prohibitively expensive, it is difficult to it is widely applied.
Currently, just can lead to the generation of Hydrogen Brittleness Phenomena in titanium or titanium alloy containing micro hydrogen, cause material lower than in the wrong
Generation fracture is failed under the action of taking stress, therefore powder metallurgy titanium article is seldom sintered in hydrogen atmosphere, usually hydrogen-free
It is sintered under condition (vacuum or hot isostatic pressing).
In addition, the intensity and hardness of pure titanium are usually lower, addition alloying elements such as Al, Mo, V, Fe, Cr are generally required
Deng so that its intensity and hardness be made to meet requirement.A kind of widest titanium alloy TC 4 (Ti-6Al-4V) is used to obtain at present
In be just added to very expensive V element.The Timetal LCB (Ti-1.5Al-4.5Fe-6.8Mo) of American R & D is exactly to use
Cheap Fe and relatively inexpensive Mo replace V.Fe element is added in Ti, it, can be big although the intensity of alloy can be improved
Width reduces alloy ductility (Liu Y., Chen L.F., Tang H.P., Liu C.T., Liu B., Huang B.Y.Design of
powder metallurgy Titanium alloys and composites[J].Materials Science and
Engineering A, 2006,418:25-35), wherein the elongation percentage of the titanium alloy of addition 1%Fe is no more than 4%, addition 3%
The elongation percentage of the Ti-Fe alloy of the above Fe will be reduced to 1% or less.
Therefore, it is necessary to research and develop new technology, new process further increases the cost performance of powder metallurgy titanium article.
Summary of the invention
The first object of the present invention includes providing a kind of preparation method of titanium alloy, which can not only reduce titanium
The preparation cost of alloy, and the problem of can effectively solve Ti-Fe alloy poor toughness.
The second object of the present invention includes providing a kind of titanium alloy prepared by the preparation method, this titanium alloy tool
There are higher intensity, hardness and elongation percentage.
The present invention solves its technical problem and adopts the following technical solutions to realize:
The present invention proposes a kind of preparation method of titanium alloy, comprising the following steps:
It is in mass ratio 99.5:0.5-95:5 mixing titanium valve and iron powder, is then successively formed, is sintered, thermal deformation adds
Work and vacuum heat treatment;Wherein, it is sintered in hydrogeneous atmosphere and carries out.
In addition, the invention also provides a kind of titanium alloys being prepared by above-mentioned preparation method.
In some embodiments, the oxygen content of the titanium alloy is no more than 0.3wt%.
In some embodiments, the hydrogen content of the titanium alloy is 0.005-0.009wt%.
In some embodiments, the tensile strength of the titanium alloy is 841-982MPa.
In some embodiments, the yield strength of the titanium alloy is 818-975MPa.
In some embodiments, the elongation percentage of the titanium alloy is 8-17%.
In some embodiments, the hardness of the titanium alloy is 30-44HRC.
The beneficial effect of titanium alloy provided by the present application and preparation method thereof includes:
The preparation method of titanium alloy provided by the present application is using titanium valve and iron powder as raw material, by being sintered in hydrogeneous atmosphere,
β-Ti (H) is set to be transformed into α-Ti (H)+δ-TiHx, not only crystal grain refines, while advantageously reducing subsequent thermal deformation processing mistake
Cracking probability in journey, is additionally advantageously implemented continuous production, and preparation cost can be greatly reduced;For hydrogeneous atmosphere sintering
Caused hydrogen embrittlement problem, the application, to slough hydrogen contained in titanium alloy, avoid it that Hydrogen Brittleness Phenomena occurs by vacuum heat treatment;
In particular, the above method also efficiently solves damage of the Fe element to elongation percentage, the preparation cost of titanium alloy can not only be reduced,
And the problem of can effectively solve Ti-Fe alloy poor toughness.Thus obtained titanium alloy intensity, hardness and extension with higher
Rate.
Detailed description of the invention
It, below will be to use required in embodiment in order to illustrate more clearly of the technical solution of embodiment of the present invention
Attached drawing be briefly described, it should be understood that the following drawings illustrates only certain embodiments of the present invention, therefore is not to be seen as
It is the restriction to range, it for those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, can be with root
Other relevant attached drawings are obtained according to these attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is the SEM figure for the titanium alloy that the embodiment of the present application 1 provides;
Fig. 2 is the SEM figure for the titanium alloy that the embodiment of the present application 2 provides;
Fig. 3 is the SEM figure for the titanium alloy that the embodiment of the present application 3 provides;
Fig. 4 is the SEM figure for the titanium alloy that the embodiment of the present application 4 provides.
Specific embodiment
It in order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, below will be in the embodiment of the present invention
Technical solution be clearly and completely described.The person that is not specified actual conditions in embodiment, according to normal conditions or manufacturer builds
The condition of view carries out.Reagents or instruments used without specified manufacturer is the conventional production that can be obtained by commercially available purchase
Product.
Titanium alloy provided by the embodiments of the present application and preparation method thereof is specifically described below.
The preparation method of titanium alloy provided by the present application the following steps are included:
It is in mass ratio 99.5:0.5-95:5 mixing titanium valve and iron powder, is then successively formed, is sintered, thermal deformation adds
Work and vacuum heat treatment;Wherein, it is sintered in hydrogeneous atmosphere and carries out.
Wherein, the oxygen content of titanium valve and the oxygen content of iron powder are no more than 0.3wt%, and reason may is that titanium closes
The toughness of gold is more sensitive to oxygen content, and oxygen content will lead to toughness of material when being higher than 0.3wt% and be greatly reduced.
In general, the intensity and hardness of pure titanium are all relatively low, generally requiring addition alloying elements makes its intensity and hardness
Meet requirement.But Fe element is added in Ti can be greatly reduced alloy ductility, add the elongation percentage of the titanium alloy of 1%Fe not
More than 4%, the elongation percentage for adding the Ti-Fe alloy of 3wt% or more Fe will be reduced to 1% or less.In actual production, titanium closes
The elongation percentage of gold usually requires that >=8%, therefore existing Ti-Fe alloy does not have engineering application value substantially.
Using iron powder as one of raw material in the preparation process of titanium alloy in the application, dosage is up to 5wt%, Neng Gou great
The big cost for reducing titanium alloy is evaded by specific preparation process since iron content is more brought on this basis
The low problem of toughness.
In the application, forming is carried out using isostatic cool pressing mode.In some embodiments, isostatic cool pressing, which can be, to mix
Titanium valve and iron powder after conjunction are fitted into mold (such as rubber material), after jolt ramming in 180-200MPa (such as 180MPa, 185MPa,
190MPa, 195MPa or 200MPa etc.) under conditions of pressure maintaining 5-6min, then remove jacket.
Sintering step is carried out after shaping in the application, it, can containing micro hydrogen in titanium or titanium alloy in titanium alloy field
The generation for leading to Hydrogen Brittleness Phenomena causes material to generate fracture failure, therefore powder metallurgy titanium under the action of lower than yield stress
Product is usually sintered under hydrogen-free condition.
But inventor has found that hydrogeneous atmosphere sintering can be such that β-Ti (H) turns compared with being sintered under hydrogen-free condition
Become α-Ti (H)+δ-TiHx, not only refines crystal grain, while advantageously reducing opening in subsequent thermal process of deformation
Probability is split, continuous production is additionally advantageously implemented, preparation cost can not only be greatly reduced.
On the basis of finding herein, in the application, volume content of the hydrogen in hydrogeneous atmosphere can be 10-100%, such as
10%, 20%, 50%, 80% or 100% etc..
When content is lower than 100% to hydrogen in hydrogeneous atmosphere, also contain inert gas in hydrogeneous atmosphere.Inert gas example
It such as can be argon gas or helium, preferably argon gas.
In some embodiments, the dew point of hydrogeneous atmosphere is not higher than -42 DEG C.Under above-mentioned dew point, hydrogeneous atmosphere
The content of middle water vapour is lower, to avoid titanyl.
Can refer to ground, the sintering of the application include: by the molding after forming in 1150-1250 DEG C (such as 1150 DEG C,
1180 DEG C, 1200 DEG C or 1250 DEG C etc.) under conditions of handle 1-2h, be then cooled to 250-350 DEG C for the first time, keep the temperature 2-3h,
It is cooled to 10-30 DEG C for the second time again.
Above-mentioned sintering process low-temperature insulation in hydrogeneous atmosphere, wherein densification occurs under the conditions of 1150-1250 DEG C for substance
Then change and homogenization of composition are cooled to 250-350 DEG C for the first time and keep the temperature a period of time, β-Ti (H) can be made to be transformed into α-
Ti (H)+δ-TiHx, so that crystal grain refines, to improve the elongation percentage and fatigue behaviour of titanium alloy.
Further, thermal deformation processing is carried out after sintering, further to densify and refinement crystal grain.It can refer to ground, heat
Deformation processing includes: that the blank for obtaining sintering carries out multi-stage deep drawing processing, wherein single pass heavy deformation is no more than 10%
(such as 2%, 5%, 8% or 10%) adds up deflection and is not less than 50% (such as 50%, 60%, 70% or 80%).
It is worth noting that inventor it has been investigated that, for application scheme, thermal deformation processing cannot only carry out
Single deformation, the too low effect for being unable to reach densification and refining crystal grain of single deflection are excessively high to will lead to cracking.Pass through restriction
Single pass heavy deformation is no more than 10% and accumulative deflection is not less than 50% and can effectively realize densification and crystal grain refinement, avoids out
It splits.
Optionally, multi-stage deep drawing processing can be used the mode such as hot rolling, hot extrusion or hot forging and carry out.
It in some embodiments, further include being preheated to blank, preheating for example can be with before multi-stage deep drawing processing
0.5-1h is handled under conditions of 950-980 DEG C, to improve the plastic deformation ability of alloy, avoids cracking in deformation process.
Further, vacuum heat treatment is carried out after thermal deformation processing, sufficiently hydrogeneous atmosphere can be burnt in terms of the step 1
The hydrogen introduced during knot is removed, and is played dehydrogenation, is avoided hydrogen embrittlement caused by remaining hydrogen;On the other hand heat can be eliminated
The residual stress generated is deformed, toughness of material is improved.
Can refer to ground, vacuum heat treatment can in temperature be 650-750 DEG C (such as 650 DEG C, 680 DEG C, 700 DEG C, 720 DEG C or
750 DEG C etc.) under conditions of handle 6-8h.Vacuum degree in heat treatment process can be 1 × 10-2Pa±0.5×10-2Pa。
It holds, the preparation cost of titanium alloy can not only be reduced by above-mentioned preparation method, and can effectively solve Ti-Fe
The problem of alloy ductility difference.
In some embodiments, the oxygen content of the titanium alloy obtained by above-mentioned preparation method is no more than 0.3wt%.
In some embodiments, the hydrogen content of the titanium alloy obtained by above-mentioned preparation method is 0.005-0.009wt%,
Such as 0.005wt%, 0.008wt% or 0.009wt%.
In some embodiments, the tensile strength of the titanium alloy obtained by above-mentioned preparation method is 841-982MPa, such as
841MPa, 887MPa, 899MPa, 950MPa, 973MPa or 982MPa etc..
In some embodiments, the yield strength of the titanium alloy obtained by above-mentioned preparation method is 818-975MPa, such as
818MPa, 833MPa, 854MPa, 941MPa, 952MPa or 975MPa etc..
In some embodiments, the elongation percentage of the titanium alloy obtained by above-mentioned preparation method is not less than 8%, some excellent
In the embodiment of choosing, the elongation percentage of the titanium alloy obtained by above-mentioned preparation method is 8-17%, such as 8%, 12%, 15% or
17% etc..
In some embodiments, the hardness of the titanium alloy obtained by above-mentioned preparation method be 30-44HRC, as 30HRC,
36HRC, 40HRC or 44HRC etc..
Feature and performance of the invention are described in further detail with reference to embodiments.
Embodiment 1
With average grain diameter for 69 μm of hydrogenation and dehydrogenization Ti powder (oxygen content 0.2%) and 2.5 μm of Fe powder (oxygen content 0.3%)
For raw material, Ti:Fe=99.5:0.5 in mass ratio weighs powder, mixes 8h on V-type batch mixer;Powder is packed into rubber mold
In, it after jolt ramming, is shaped in cold isostatic press, pressure 180MPa, pressure maintaining 6min;After removing jacket, in hydrogeneous atmosphere (hydrogen
Air volume content is 100%), at 1250 DEG C to be sintered, and keeps the temperature 2h, then cools to 250 DEG C, keeps the temperature 3h, is cooled to room temperature with furnace,
Prepare sintered blank;By sintered blank in 950 DEG C of preheating 1h, hot rolling treatment is then carried out, single deflection is 10%, adds up deflection
It is 50%;It is 1 × 10 in vacuum degree-2It is heat-treated in the vacuum sintering furnace of Pa, treatment temperature is 650 DEG C, and soaking time is
8h is cooled to room temperature with furnace, obtains Ti-0.5Fe alloy, and SEM figure is as shown in Figure 1.
Fig. 1 the result shows that: the β titanium of white needles is evenly distributed in the α Titanium base of black, and β titanium and the volume ratio of α titanium are big
About 20:1.
Embodiment 2
With average grain diameter for 69 μm of hydrogenation and dehydrogenization Ti powder (oxygen content 0.2%) and 2.5 μm of Fe powder (oxygen content 0.3%)
For raw material, Ti:Fe=99:1 in mass ratio weighs powder, mixes 8h on V-type batch mixer;Powder is fitted into rubber mold,
It after jolt ramming, is shaped in cold isostatic press, pressure 180MPa, pressure maintaining 6min;After removing jacket, in hydrogen-argon-mixed atmosphere
(hydrogen volume content be 10%) is sintered at 1200 DEG C, keeps the temperature 1h, then cool to 300 DEG C, keep the temperature 2h, be cooled to room with furnace
Temperature prepares sintered blank;By sintered blank in 960 DEG C of preheating 1h, hot rolling treatment is then carried out, single deflection is 10%, adds up to become
Shape amount is 60%;It is 1 × 10 in vacuum degree-2It is heat-treated in the vacuum sintering furnace of Pa, treatment temperature is 700 DEG C, when heat preservation
Between be 7h, be cooled to room temperature with furnace, obtain Ti-1Fe alloy, SEM figure is as shown in Figure 2.
Fig. 2 the result shows that: β titanium is evenly distributed in the α Titanium base of black.β titanium with etc. based on shaft-like, part β titanium is along becoming
Shape direction is elongated.Compared to Figure 1, β titanium size obviously increases.The volume ratio of β titanium and α titanium is about 10:1.
Embodiment 3
With average grain diameter for 69 μm of hydrogenation and dehydrogenization Ti powder (oxygen content 0.2%) and 2.5 μm of Fe powder (oxygen content 0.3%)
For raw material, Ti:Fe=97:3 in mass ratio weighs powder, mixes 8h on V-type batch mixer;Powder is fitted into rubber mold,
It after jolt ramming, is shaped in cold isostatic press, pressure 200MPa, pressure maintaining 5min;After removing jacket, in hydrogen-argon-mixed atmosphere
(hydrogen volume content be 20%) is sintered at 1200 DEG C, keeps the temperature 1h, then cool to 350 DEG C, keep the temperature 2h, be cooled to room with furnace
Temperature prepares sintered blank;By sintered blank in 960 DEG C of preheating 1h, hot rolling treatment is then carried out, single deflection is 10%, adds up to become
Shape amount is 70%;It is 1 × 10 in vacuum degree-2It is heat-treated in the vacuum sintering furnace of Pa, treatment temperature is 750 DEG C, when heat preservation
Between be 6h, be cooled to room temperature with furnace, obtain Ti-3Fe alloy, SEM figure is as shown in Figure 3.
Fig. 3 the result shows that: β titanium is evenly distributed in the α Titanium base of black.β titanium is based on strip.Compared with Fig. 2, size
It further increases.The volume ratio of β titanium and α titanium is about 3:1.
Embodiment 4
With average grain diameter for 69 μm of hydrogenation and dehydrogenization Ti powder (oxygen content 0.2%) and 2.5 μm of Fe powder (oxygen content 0.3%)
For raw material, Ti:Fe=95:5 in mass ratio weighs powder, mixes 8h on V-type batch mixer;Powder is fitted into rubber mold,
It after jolt ramming, is shaped in cold isostatic press, pressure 200MPa, pressure maintaining 5min;After removing jacket, in hydrogen-argon-mixed atmosphere
(hydrogen volume content be 50%) is sintered at 1150 DEG C, keeps the temperature 1h, then cool to 300 DEG C, keep the temperature 3h, be cooled to room with furnace
Temperature prepares sintered blank;By sintered blank in 980 DEG C of preheating 1h, hot rolling treatment is then carried out, single deflection is 10%, adds up to become
Shape amount is 80%;It is 1 × 10 in vacuum degree-2It is heat-treated in the vacuum sintering furnace of Pa, treatment temperature is 750 DEG C, when heat preservation
Between be 6h, be cooled to room temperature with furnace, obtain Ti-5Fe alloy, SEM figure is as shown in Figure 4.
Fig. 4 the result shows that: coarse α titanium is located at crystal boundary, intra-die, and the β titanium of strip is completely wrapped in α titanium, makes crystalline substance
Grain further refinement.The volume ratio of β titanium and α titanium is about 2:1.
Embodiment 5
With average grain diameter for 69 μm of hydrogenation and dehydrogenization Ti powder (oxygen content 0.2%) and 2.5 μm of Fe powder (oxygen content 0.3%)
For raw material, Ti:Fe=98:2 in mass ratio weighs powder, mixes 8h on V-type batch mixer;Powder is fitted into rubber mold,
It after jolt ramming, is shaped in cold isostatic press, pressure 190MPa, pressure maintaining 5.5min;After removing jacket, in hydrogen-argon-mixed atmosphere
(hydrogen volume content be 80%) is sintered at 1180 DEG C, keeps the temperature 1.5h, then cool to 300 DEG C, keep the temperature 2.5h, cool down with furnace
To room temperature, sintered blank is prepared;By sintered blank in 960 DEG C of preheating 0.8h, hot rolling treatment is then carried out, single deflection is 5%, is tired out
Counting deflection is 50%;It is 0.5 × 10 in vacuum degree-2It being heat-treated in the vacuum sintering furnace of Pa, treatment temperature is 680 DEG C,
Soaking time is 7.5h, is cooled to room temperature with furnace, obtains Ti-5Fe alloy.
Embodiment 6
With average grain diameter for 69 μm of hydrogenation and dehydrogenization Ti powder (oxygen content 0.2%) and 2.5 μm of Fe powder (oxygen content 0.3%)
For raw material, Ti:Fe=96:4 in mass ratio weighs powder, mixes 8h on V-type batch mixer;Powder is fitted into rubber mold,
It after jolt ramming, is shaped in cold isostatic press, pressure 185MPa, pressure maintaining 6min;After removing jacket, in hydrogen helium gas mixture atmosphere
(hydrogen volume content be 50%) is sintered at 1200 DEG C, keeps the temperature 1.5h, then cool to 300 DEG C, keep the temperature 2.5h, cool down with furnace
To room temperature, sintered blank is prepared;By sintered blank in 970 DEG C of preheating 0.5h, hot rolling treatment is then carried out, single deflection is 8%, is tired out
Counting deflection is 80%;It is 1.5 × 10 in vacuum degree-2It being heat-treated in the vacuum sintering furnace of Pa, treatment temperature is 720 DEG C,
Soaking time is 6.5h, is cooled to room temperature with furnace, obtains Ti-5Fe alloy.
Test example
By taking embodiment 1-4 as an example, control group 1 and control group 2 are set.Wherein, control group 1 is forging state in American Standard (ASTM)
3 grades of pure titaniums, control group 2 are the Ti-6Al-4V in American Standard (ASTM).Above-mentioned titanium system is measured according to " GB/T228.1-2010 " method
Tensile strength, yield strength and the elongation percentage of product, and the hardness that " GB/T230.1-2009 " method measures above-mentioned titanium article is pressed, often
Group repeats embodiment 5 times, and the results are shown in Table 1.
The ingredient and performance of 1 Ti-Fe alloy of table
As can be seen from Table 1, (3 grades) of the purer titanium of the titanium alloy being prepared by preparation method provided by the present application have more
High tensile strength and yield strength, and the level of Ti-6Al-4V can be met or exceeded.
In conclusion the preparation method of titanium alloy provided by the present application can not only reduce the preparation cost of titanium alloy, and
And the problem of can effectively solve Ti-Fe alloy poor toughness.Thus the titanium alloy being prepared intensity with higher, hardness and prolong
Stretch rate.
The foregoing is merely the preferred embodiment of the present invention, are not intended to restrict the invention, for this field
For technical staff, the invention may be variously modified and varied.All within the spirits and principles of the present invention, made any
Modification, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.