CN109786695B - High-rate lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide positive electrode material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-rate lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide positive electrode material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-rate lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide positive electrode material and a preparation method thereof, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) dissolving a water-soluble organic matter in water to prepare a solution, adding a nickel-cobalt-manganese precursor, carrying out ultrasonic treatment, and drying to obtain dry powder; (2) mixing the dry powder prepared in the step (1) with a lithium source, and presintering in inert gas to obtain a presintering material; (3) and (3) sintering, grinding and crushing the pre-sintered material prepared in the step (2) to prepare the nickel cobalt lithium manganate cathode material. According to the invention, the water-soluble organic matter is embedded into the nickel-cobalt-manganese precursor, and is carbonized through pre-sintering, so that a skeleton is formed in the nickel-cobalt-manganese precursor, and finally the skeleton is removed through high-temperature sintering, so that a porous structure is formed in the nickel-cobalt lithium manganate, and the nickel-cobalt lithium manganate cathode material with the porous structure is obtained, and the discharge capacity under high rate is obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of lithium ion batteries, in particular to a high-rate lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide positive electrode material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The lithium ion battery, as an efficient green energy, has the advantages of high energy density, small self-discharge, no memory effect, long cycle life, high open-circuit voltage and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of 3C, electric tools, models, new energy automobiles and the like. The requirement on the multiplying power performance of the battery is higher in the field of electric tools and aeromodelling, and the requirement is generally multiple times or even ten times that of the battery in the 3C field. The anode material is one of the key parts of the lithium ion battery, and the quality of the rate performance directly influences the rate performance of the lithium ion battery.
Because the lithium cobaltate positive electrode material has good conductivity and ion migration rate, the lithium cobaltate positive electrode material is used for the mainstream high-rate battery in the current market, and the lithium iron phosphate and the lithium manganate are influenced by the lithium ion migration rate, the energy density, the high and low temperature performance, the stability and the like, so that the application of the lithium iron phosphate and the lithium manganate in the field of high-rate batteries is restricted. Lithium cobaltate has excellent high rate performance but higher cost; the lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide is favored by the market because of the similar structure of lithium cobalt oxide, high energy density, good high and low temperature performance and low cost.
The lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide positive electrode material has the problems of cation mixed discharge and obstruction of lithium ion migration in the material, so that the lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide positive electrode material has the problems of low voltage platform, fast cycle capacity attenuation, poor stability and the like under the high-rate charge and discharge conditions, and the application of the lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide positive electrode material in the fields of electric tools, model airplanes and the like is limited. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a high-performance lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide material to improve the above-mentioned disadvantages.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-rate lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide positive electrode material and a preparation method thereof, and the problems of low voltage platform, fast cycle capacity attenuation, poor stability and the like of the lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide positive electrode material under the high-rate charge-discharge condition are solved by introducing a porous structure into the material.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a preparation method of a high-rate lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide positive electrode material comprises the following steps:
(1) dissolving a water-soluble organic substance in water to prepare a solution, adding a nickel-cobalt-manganese precursor, carrying out ultrasonic treatment, and drying at 80-200 ℃ for 2-10h to obtain dry powder;
(2) mixing the dry powder prepared in the step (1) with a lithium source, and presintering the mixture for 3 to 10 hours in inert gas at the temperature of 300-500 ℃ to obtain a presintering material;
(3) and (3) sintering the pre-sintered material obtained in the step (2) at the temperature of 600-1000 ℃ for 6-20h, wherein the sintering gas is air or oxygen, naturally cooling to room temperature, grinding and crushing to prepare the nickel cobalt lithium manganate anode material.
Preferably, in the step (1), the water-soluble organic substance is at least one of glucose, sucrose, polyethylene glycol and citric acid.
Preferably, in the step (1), the mass concentration of the water-soluble organic matters in the solution is 5-30%.
As a preferable technical scheme, the nickel-cobalt-manganese precursor accounts for 30-70% of the mass of the solution in the step (1).
As a preferable technical scheme, the nickel-cobalt-manganese precursor in the step (1) is NixCoyMn1-x-y(OH)2Wherein 0 is<x<0.6、0<y<1、0<x+y<1, the median particle diameter (D50) is 1-7um, and the specific surface area is 5-20m2/g。
Preferably, in the step (2), the molar ratio of the dry powder to the lithium source is 1: (1.0-1.15).
Preferably, the lithium source in step (2) is at least one of lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, lithium nitrate and lithium acetate.
As a preferable technical scheme, the inert gas in the step (2) is nitrogen or argon.
As a preferable technical scheme, the temperature rise rate of the sintering in the step (3) is 1-20 ℃/min.
The nickel-cobalt-manganese positive electrode material prepared by the method has the median particle diameter (D50) of 1-10um and the specific surface area of 0.4-4.0m2/g。
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the invention, a water-soluble organic substance is dissolved in water to form a solution, a nickel-cobalt-manganese precursor is added, then the water-soluble organic substance and the nickel-cobalt-manganese precursor are uniformly mixed through ultrasonic mixing, the water-soluble organic substance is successfully embedded into the nickel-cobalt-manganese precursor through a drying step, then the water-soluble organic substance is carbonized through pre-sintering, so that a skeleton is formed in the nickel-cobalt-manganese precursor, and finally the skeleton is removed through high-temperature sintering to form a porous structure in the nickel-cobalt-manganese lithium manganate, so that the nickel-cobalt-manganese cathode material with the porous structure is obtained. The porous structure can obviously improve the specific surface area of the nickel-cobalt-manganese anode material, thereby increasing the reaction active sites of the anode of the lithium ion battery, improving the migration diffusion rate of lithium ions and electrons, increasing the capacity of the lithium ion battery, improving the discharge rate of the lithium ion battery, and improving the discharge capacity of the lithium ion battery under high-rate charge and discharge.
(2) The water-soluble organic matters selected by the invention are common raw materials, the price is low, the water-soluble organic matters are non-toxic and harmless, the operation is easy, the preparation process is simple, and the industrial production is easy to realize.
(3) The 1C/30C rate performance of the soft package battery made of the nickel cobalt lithium manganate cathode material is remarkably improved, the first discharge efficiency is more than 90%, the 30C discharge capacity after 1C charging is 145.7mAh/g, the 30C discharge capacity is 87.0% of 1C, and the 30C discharge median voltage is 3.29V.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an SEM scanning electron micrograph of a lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide positive electrode material prepared in example 1;
fig. 2 is a discharge graph of a full cell 30C made of the lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide positive electrode material prepared in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a scanning electron microscope image of the lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide positive electrode material prepared in comparative example 1;
fig. 4 is a discharge curve diagram of a full cell 30C made of the lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide positive electrode material prepared in comparative example 1.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A preparation method of a high-rate nickel cobalt lithium manganate positive electrode material comprises the following steps:
(1) Ni-Co-Mn precursor Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3(OH)2(D50＝4um，BET＝12m2/g) adding the nickel-cobalt-manganese precursor into a 10% glucose aqueous solution, wherein the addition amount of the nickel-cobalt-manganese precursor accounts for 15% of the mass of the solution, performing ultrasonic stirring for 0.5h, and then drying at 150 ℃ for 5h to obtain dry powder;
(2) mixing the dried material prepared in the step (1) with lithium acetate according to the molar ratio of nickel-cobalt-manganese metal to lithium of 1:1.08, and sintering at 450 ℃ for presintering for 5 hours under nitrogen;
(3) and (3) sintering the pre-sintered material obtained in the step (2) at 880 ℃ for 14h, sintering gas air, naturally cooling to room temperature, grinding and crushing to prepare a nickel cobalt lithium manganate positive electrode material sample.
As shown in fig. 1, an SEM morphology of the lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide positive electrode material obtained in this embodiment can be seen from fig. 1: the morphology of the obtained nickel cobalt lithium manganate positive electrode material is in the form of agglomerated particles, and the agglomerated particles have a pore structure which is obvious;
the 1C/30C rate performance of the nickel cobalt lithium manganate cathode material for preparing the flexible package battery is shown in Table 1 and FIG. 2, and the results show that: the 0.2C capacity of the full cell is 166.9mAh/g, the first discharge efficiency is 92.1%, the 30C discharge capacity after 1C charge is 146.7mAh/g, the 30C discharge capacity is 87.9% of 0.2C, and the 30C discharge median voltage is 3.29V.
Comparative example 1
A preparation method of a nickel cobalt lithium manganate positive electrode material comprises the following steps.
(1) Ni-Co-Mn precursor Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3(OH)2(D50＝4um，BET＝12m2/g) is mixed with lithium acetate according to the mol ratio of nickel-cobalt-manganese metal to lithium of 1:1.08, and is sintered at 450 ℃ in nitrogenBurning for 5 hours;
(2) and (2) sintering the pre-sintered material obtained in the step (1) at 880 ℃ for 14h, sintering gas air, naturally cooling to room temperature, grinding and crushing to prepare a nickel cobalt lithium manganate positive electrode material sample.
The difference from example 1 is: comparative example 1 no glucose was added and the other processes were the same as in example 1.
The SEM morphology of the lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide positive electrode material obtained in the comparative example is shown in FIG. 3, and it can be seen from FIG. 3 that: the appearance of the sample is of agglomerated particles, the structure is compact, and no obvious pore structure exists in the agglomerated particles; compared with fig. 1, in example 1, the internal structure of the lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide positive electrode material can be obviously improved by embedding the soluble organic substance, and a porous framework is formed in the lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide positive electrode material, so that the specific surface area of the lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide positive electrode material is increased.
The 1C/30C rate performance of the nickel cobalt lithium manganate cathode material for preparing the flexible package battery is shown in Table 1 and FIG. 4, and it can be seen that: the 0.2C capacity of the full cell is 163.2mAh/g, the first discharge efficiency is 88.5%, the 30C discharge capacity after 1C charge is 134.8mAh/g, the 30C discharge capacity is 82.6% of 0.2C, and the 30C discharge median voltage is 3.21V.
Example 2
A preparation method of a high-rate nickel cobalt lithium manganate positive electrode material comprises the following steps.
(1) Ni-Co-Mn precursor Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3(OH)2(D50＝4um，BET＝12m2/g) adding the nickel-cobalt-manganese precursor into a glucose aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 20%, wherein the addition amount of the nickel-cobalt-manganese precursor accounts for 15% of the mass of the solution, performing ultrasonic treatment and stirring for 0.5h, and then drying for 8h at 80 ℃ to obtain dry powder;
(2) mixing the dried material prepared in the step (1) with lithium acetate according to the molar ratio of nickel-cobalt-manganese metal to lithium of 1:1.02, and sintering the mixture for 5 hours at 300 ℃ under nitrogen;
(3) and (3) sintering the pre-sintered material obtained in the step (2) at 880 ℃ for 14h, sintering gas air, naturally cooling to room temperature, grinding and crushing to prepare a nickel cobalt lithium manganate positive electrode material sample.
The 1C/30C rate performance of the nickel cobalt lithium manganate cathode material for preparing the flexible package battery is shown in Table 1 and FIG. 2, and it can be seen that: the 0.2C capacity of the full cell is 168.3mAh/g, the first discharge efficiency is 91.8%, the 30C discharge capacity after 1C charge is 146.6mAh/g, the 30C discharge capacity is 87.1% of 0.2C, and the 30C discharge median voltage is 3.31V.
Example 3
A preparation method of a high-rate nickel cobalt lithium manganate positive electrode material comprises the following steps.
(1) Ni-Co-Mn precursor Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3(OH)2(D50＝4um，BET＝12m2/g) adding the nickel-cobalt-manganese precursor into a 30% glucose aqueous solution, wherein the addition amount of the nickel-cobalt-manganese precursor accounts for 15% of the mass of the solution, performing ultrasonic stirring for 0.5h, and then drying at 120 ℃ for 5h to obtain dry powder;
(2) mixing the dried material prepared in the step (1) with lithium acetate according to the molar ratio of nickel-cobalt-manganese metal to lithium of 1:1.1, and sintering the mixture at 300 ℃ for presintering for 5 hours under nitrogen;
(3) and (3) sintering the pre-sintered material obtained in the step (2) at 880 ℃ for 14h, sintering gas air, naturally cooling to room temperature, grinding and crushing to prepare a nickel cobalt lithium manganate positive electrode material sample.
The rate performance of the nickel cobalt lithium manganate cathode material for preparing the flexible package battery 1C/30C is shown in the table 1, and it can be seen that: the 0.2C capacity of the full cell is 167.5mAh/g, the first discharge efficiency is 92.6%, the 30C discharge capacity after 1C charge is 145.7mAh/g, the 30C discharge capacity is 87.0% of 0.2C, and the 30C discharge median voltage is 3.29V.
Example 4
A preparation method of a high-rate nickel cobalt lithium manganate positive electrode material comprises the following steps.
(1) Ni-Co-Mn precursor Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3(OH)2(D50＝4um，BET＝12m2Adding the nickel-cobalt-manganese precursor into a polyethylene glycol (molecular weight 400) aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 10%, wherein the addition amount of the nickel-cobalt-manganese precursor accounts for 15% of the mass of the solution, performing ultrasonic treatment and stirring for 0.5h, and then drying for 5h at 150 ℃ to obtain dry powder;
(2) mixing the dried material prepared in the step (1) with lithium acetate according to the molar ratio of nickel-cobalt-manganese metal to lithium of 1:1.08, and sintering at 450 ℃ for presintering for 5 hours under nitrogen;
(3) and (3) sintering the pre-sintered material obtained in the step (2) at 880 ℃ for 14h, sintering gas air, naturally cooling to room temperature, grinding and crushing to prepare a nickel cobalt lithium manganate positive electrode material sample.
The rate performance of the nickel cobalt lithium manganate cathode material for preparing the flexible package battery 1C/30C is shown in the table 1, and it can be seen that: the 0.2C capacity of the full cell is 167.4mAh/g, the first discharge efficiency is 92.4%, the 30C discharge capacity after 1C charge is 145.2mAh/g, the 30C discharge capacity is 86.7% of 0.2C, and the 30C discharge median voltage is 3.30V.
Example 5
A preparation method of a high-rate nickel cobalt lithium manganate positive electrode material comprises the following steps.
(1) Ni-Co-Mn precursor Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3(OH)2(D50＝4um，BET＝12m2/g) adding the nickel-cobalt-manganese precursor into a citric acid aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 10%, wherein the addition amount of the nickel-cobalt-manganese precursor accounts for 15% of the mass of the solution, performing ultrasonic stirring for 0.5h, and then drying at 150 ℃ for 5h to obtain dry powder;
(2) mixing the dry material prepared in the step (1) with lithium carbonate according to the molar ratio of nickel-cobalt-manganese metal to lithium of 1:1.08, and sintering the mixture for 5 hours at 300 ℃ under nitrogen;
(3) and (3) sintering the pre-sintered material obtained in the step (2) at 880 ℃ for 14h, sintering gas air, naturally cooling to room temperature, grinding and crushing to prepare a nickel cobalt lithium manganate positive electrode material sample.
Example 6
A preparation method of a high-rate nickel cobalt lithium manganate positive electrode material comprises the following steps.
(1) Ni-Co-Mn precursor Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3(OH)2(D50＝3.5um，BET＝12.4m2/g) adding the nickel-cobalt-manganese precursor into a citric acid aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 10%, wherein the addition amount of the nickel-cobalt-manganese precursor accounts for 60% of the mass of the solution, performing ultrasonic stirring for 0.5h, and then drying for 2h at 200 ℃ to obtain dry powder;
(2) mixing the dried material prepared in the step (1) with lithium carbonate according to the molar ratio of nickel-cobalt-manganese metal to lithium of 1:1.12, and sintering the mixture for 5 hours at 300 ℃ under nitrogen;
(3) and (3) sintering the pre-sintered material obtained in the step (2) at 980 ℃ for 16h, sintering gas air, naturally cooling to room temperature, grinding and crushing to prepare a nickel cobalt lithium manganate positive electrode material sample.
Table 1 shows the electrical properties of the lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide positive electrode materials prepared in examples 1-4 and comparative example 1 and the full cells prepared from the same
According to the embodiment, the organic matter is added in the process of preparing the nickel-cobalt-manganese precursor, the organic matter is carbonized through pre-sintering to form a framework in the nickel-cobalt-manganese precursor, and finally the organic matter is removed through high-temperature sintering, so that a porous structure is formed in the nickel-cobalt-manganese lithium manganate, and the nickel-cobalt-manganese cathode material with the porous structure is obtained. The preparation method can obviously improve the specific surface area of the nickel cobalt lithium manganate positive electrode material, thereby reducing the lithium ion migration path and improving the discharge capacity of the nickel cobalt lithium manganate positive electrode material at high rate.
Claims (9)
1. A preparation method of a high-rate nickel cobalt lithium manganate positive electrode material is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) dissolving a water-soluble organic substance in water to prepare a solution, adding a nickel-cobalt-manganese precursor, carrying out ultrasonic treatment, and drying at 80-200 ℃ for 2-10h to obtain dry powder; the water-soluble organic matter is at least one of glucose, polyethylene glycol or citric acid;
(2) mixing the dry powder prepared in the step (1) with a lithium source, and presintering for 3-10h in an inert atmosphere at the temperature of 300-500 ℃ to obtain a presintering material;
(3) and (3) sintering the pre-sintered material obtained in the step (2) at the temperature of 600-1000 ℃ for 6-20h, wherein the sintering gas is air or oxygen, naturally cooling to room temperature, grinding and crushing to prepare the nickel cobalt lithium manganate anode material.
2. The preparation method of the high-rate lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide positive electrode material according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps of: and (2) the mass concentration of the water-soluble organic matters in the solution in the step (1) is 5-30%.
3. The preparation method of the high-rate lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide positive electrode material according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps of: in the step (1), the nickel-cobalt-manganese precursor accounts for 30-70% of the mass of the solution.
4. The preparation method of the high-rate lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide positive electrode material according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps of: the nickel-cobalt-manganese precursor in the step (1) is NixCoyMn1-x-y(OH)2Wherein 0 is<x<0.6、0<y<1、0<x+y<1, the median particle diameter of the nickel-cobalt-manganese precursor is 1-7um, and the specific surface area is 5-20m2/g。
5. The preparation method of the high-rate lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide positive electrode material according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps of: the molar ratio of the dry powder to the lithium source in the step (2) is 1: (1.0-1.15).
6. The preparation method of the high-rate lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide positive electrode material according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps of: and (3) in the step (2), the lithium source is at least one of lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, lithium nitrate and lithium acetate.
7. The preparation method of the high-rate lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide positive electrode material according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps of: and (3) the inert atmosphere in the step (2) is nitrogen or argon.
8. The preparation method of the high-rate lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide positive electrode material according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps of: the temperature rise rate of the sintering in the step (3) is 1-20 ℃/min.
9. A lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide positive electrode material prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: the median particle diameter of the nickel cobalt lithium manganate positive electrode material is 1-10um, and the specific surface area is 0.4-4.0m2/g。
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