CN109784763A - It is a kind of based on the machining efficiency evaluation method that can be worth - Google Patents
It is a kind of based on the machining efficiency evaluation method that can be worth Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000002073 mitogenetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012854 evaluation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of based on the machining efficiency evaluation method that can be worth, it is related to technical field of mechanical processing, the application, which passes through, can be worth the energy consumption for realizing mechanical processing process, material consumption, service consumption is estimated with the accurate unified dimension of waste discharge etc., entire mechanical processing process is divided into and is made of multiple stations, the corresponding productive temp of each station is respectively divided into four-stage, each station can be worth the equal energy consumption part of consumption, production material consumes part, four parts in production service consumption part and discarded sections are constituted, each part again correspond to by multiple resources or waste consumption can value constitute, the effective energy value utilization rate of machining system is constructed on this basis, realize the evaluation that can be worth transfer efficiency of machining system；This method clearly quantifies economy spent by machining system production process, society and environmental benefit scale, provides methods and techniques for the accurate capability of sustainable development measured and optimize machining system and supports.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical fields of mechanical processing, are judged in particular to a kind of based on the machining efficiency that can be worth
Method.
Background technique
Machinery manufacturing industry has a large capacity and a wide range, and energy consumption, material consumption and total carbon emission are huge.Cope with global warming, elevator
The tool system of processing capability of sustainable development has become current manufacturing industry facing challenges.Energy consumption is high for machining system, efficiency
Feature low, discharge is more, the capability of sustainable development have very big potentiality.
Machining is used as manufacturing main production process, consumes a large amount of manufacture energy and resource, and generates big
The waste of amount；Traditional machining system efficiency rating is mainly energy efficiency or resource efficiency evaluation, and to discarded
Object efficiency comprehensively considers relatively fewer；The transfer efficiency of machining system is that the energy in system, material, service and waste are total
The characterization of same-action, under different visual angles, the transfer efficiency of system is different；And traditional mechanical efficiency evaluation method due to
Evaluation result be it is local and incomplete, this can bring measurement to practise fraud, and then being difficult to of leading to that machining efficiency assesses is accurate
Measure the capability of sustainable development of machining system.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide it is a kind of based on can the machining efficiency of value comment
Sentence method, with solve in the prior art efficiency rating inaccuracy and it is incomplete the problems such as.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
The present invention provide it is a kind of based on can value machining efficiency evaluation method, method includes the following steps:
It sets first:
(2) entirely machining manufacturing process in be made of n station, i expression station serial number, i=1,2,3,, n；
(2) when each station is processed once just do not allow cancel or interrupt；
(3) each station is a productive temp to process finishing by processing；
(4) each productive temp is divided into startup stage, standby phase, unloaded stage and process segment, and k is a production
The specific stage in beat is startup stage as k=1, is standby phase as k=2, as k=3, for unloaded rank
Section is the process segment as k=4；
(5) do not consider the failure during manufacturing；
(6) what each productive temp of each station generated can be worth total amount by total energy consumption part, total production material
Consumption part, total production service consumption part and total four parts of total discarded sections are constituted, the productive temp of the station
Each stage in corresponding four-stage can be worth total amount respectively by a point energy consumption part, divide production material consumption portion
Divide, mitogenetic production service consumes part and divides discarded sections total four branches composition；
(7) four parts are added up and are constituted by multiple resources or waste consumption part respectively, and j is enabled to indicate each energy value consumption
In part generate can be worth consume resource serial number, j=1,2,3,, m
Step 1, the energy value amount MN for obtaining i-th of station total energy consumption part in a productive tempi
First: obtaining i-th of station using formula 1 and divide energy consumption part in the kth stage in a productive temp
It can value amount MN (k)i
It is i-th of station divides j-th of resource in energy part in productive temp use in the kth stage
Amount
It isEmergy transformity
Then MN is calculated using formula 2i
Step 2, the energy value amount MM for obtaining i-th of station total production material consumption part in a productive tempi
First: obtaining i-th of station using formula 3 and divide production material consumption portion in the kth stage in a productive temp
The energy value amount MM (k) dividedi
It is that i-th of station divides in production material consumption part j-th in the kth stage in a productive temp
The usage amount of resource
It isEmergy transformity
Then MM is calculated using formula 4i:
Step 3, the energy value amount MS for obtaining i-th of process always production service consumption part in a productive tempi
First: using i-th of the station of acquisition of formula 5, mitogenetic production services consumption portion in the kth stage in a productive temp
The energy value amount MS (k) dividedi
It is that the mitogenetic production service in the kth stage in a productive temp of i-th of station consumes in part j-th
The usage amount of resource；
It isEmergy transformity
Then MS is calculated using formula 6i
Step 4 obtains i-th of process total energy value amount MW in total waste consumption part in a productive tempi
First: obtaining i-th of station using formula 7 and waste is divided to consume part in the kth stage in a productive temp
Energy value amount MW (k)i
It is that i-th of station divides j-th of money in waste consumption part in the kth stage in a productive temp
The usage amount in source
It isEmergy transformity
Then MW is calculated using formula 8i
Step 5 obtains the effective energy value total amount M (4) generated when being entirely machined middle k=4
What is generated in step 6, the entire mechanical processing process of acquisition can be worth total amount M
Step 7 obtains the effective energy value of effective energy value utilization rate Em and each station utilization in entire mechanical processing process
Rate emi
The present invention has the advantage that compared with prior art
1, machining system can be worth the ruler that transfer efficiency evaluation can clearly quantify the product consumption of compensation machining
Degree, and measures the ability of machining system, is to formulate product to be really worth (including economic value, social value and environment
Value) and system profit target basis.
2, optimization method is able to ascend energy efficiency, material utilization, the value of service, reduces pollutant emission, improves
The overall efficiency of machining system, simultaneously it reduces the operating cost of system, improves the quality of product, improves mechanical add
The greenness and transfer efficiency of work system.It supports a machining system sustainable development that is tuneable, can achieve
Assessment models and promotion method, are foundation and the basis of the Production&Operations Management of the sustainable development of machining system.
3, benefit more important, more profound is that of obtaining plan and controls effective work of machining system sustainable development
Tool.The green that it improves machining system and operation and administrative staff is horizontal, can easily to market, society and
The demands such as laws and regulations respond, and improve the low-carbon manufacture level of enterprise, to cope with global warming, improve manufacturing industry hair
Its core competitiveness is further agglomerated and strengthened to the sustainability of exhibition, provides a practicable theory and method and supports.
Specific embodiment
It elaborates below to the embodiment of the present invention, the present embodiment carries out under the premise of the technical scheme of the present invention
Implement, the detailed implementation method and specific operation process are given, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following implementation
Example.
Energy value refers to certain all available energies that a kind of products & services directly or indirectly consume in process of production
Quantity.Its basic skills is that energy various forms of in biosphere are completely converted into solar emergy using unified dimension come table
It reaches, and the unit of solar emergy is solar energy joule (solar-equivalent Joule, seJ), due to different resources, is produced
Product or service can be worth with different, so indicating the energy of different classes of energy in energy hierarchy using emergy transformity
Value.The basic representation of emergy analysis are as follows:
EM=UEVi×N (13)
Wherein, EM represents solar emergy, UEViIndicate that the emergy transformity of different material, N represent not commensurate (quality g
Or energy J) inlet flow.
Energy value-monetary value (Emdollar value), which refers to, can be worth the comparable economic value of flow.It can value-monetary value
It is emergy value specific avatar, basic representation in economic market are as follows:
EM=Vc×U (14)
U is economic system or the movable currency values of economical production, VcFor energy value/currency ratio, indicate that unit money is suitable
Energy value amount
Theory, which can be worth, can convert a plurality of types of resources, the energy, product, waste and currency to a unit to determine
Measuring quality, by calculate can be obtained different inlet flows, output stream can value, thus with it is same can be worth unit compare with
Energy flow in calculating machine system of processing.
In the present embodiment by taking Special-truck-axle engineering shop as an example, have during the entire process of Special-truck-axle machining
There are 15 stations, the processing content such as table 1 that each station carries out
| Station serial number i | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
| Rough turning | Rough bore | Coarse milling | Drilling | Force plane | Smart car | Right boring | Finish-milling | |
| Station serial number i | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | |
| Adjustable cast iron planes | Reaming | Fine grinding | Finish ream | Fine grinding | Honing | Polishing |
Table 1
Coarse milling processing stations are object (using is FANUC lathe) in choosing in the present embodiment, measure the station
In starting, standby, unloaded and four periods of machining the energy, material, service and capable of being worth for waste expend situation such as table 2
It is shown.
Table 2: the energy, material, service and the waste list of mechanical processing stations four-stage consumption are rough milled
Then calculating is followed the steps below:
Step 1, the energy value amount MN for obtaining i-th of station total energy consumption part in a productive tempi
First: obtaining i-th of station using formula 1 and divide energy consumption part in the kth stage in a productive temp
It can value amount MN (k)i
It is i-th of station divides j-th of resource in energy part in productive temp use in the kth stage
Amount
It isEmergy transformity
Then MN is calculated using formula 2i
Step 2, the energy value amount MM for obtaining i-th of station total production material consumption part in a productive tempi
First: obtaining i-th of station using formula 3 and divide production material consumption portion in the kth stage in a productive temp
The energy value amount MM (k) dividedi
It is that i-th of station divides in production material consumption part j-th in the kth stage in a productive temp
The usage amount of resource
It isEmergy transformity
Then MM is calculated using formula 4i:
Step 3, the energy value amount MS for obtaining i-th of process always production service consumption part in a productive tempi
First: using i-th of the station of acquisition of formula 5, mitogenetic production services consumption portion in the kth stage in a productive temp
The energy value amount MS (k) dividedi
It is that the mitogenetic production service in the kth stage in a productive temp of i-th of station consumes in part j-th
The usage amount of resource；
It isEmergy transformity
Then MS is calculated using formula 6i
Step 4 obtains i-th of process total energy value amount MW in total waste consumption part in a productive tempi
First: obtaining i-th of station using formula 7 and waste is divided to consume part in the kth stage in a productive temp
Energy value amount MW (k)i
It is that i-th of station divides j-th of money in waste consumption part in the kth stage in a productive temp
The usage amount in source
It isEmergy transformity
Then MW is calculated using formula 8i
Can must rough mill mechanical processing stations four-stage can be worth consumption as shown in table 3:
| Startup stage | Standby phase | The unloaded stage | Process segment | |
| Waste | 0 | 2.54E+13 | 2.19E+13 | 1.27E+14 |
| Production material | 0 | 2.02E+13 | 2.54E+14 | 3.11E+14 |
| The energy | 7.22E+13 | 8.82E+13 | 2.00E+14 | 2.55E+14 |
| Production service | 1.92E+14 | 2.35E+14 | 2.67E+14 | 2.87E+14 |
Table 3: consumption table can be worth by rough milling four-stage in one productive temp of mechanical processing stations
In mechanical processing process, effectively operation is only the process segment, and the effective energy value ratio of machining system refers to
The ratio between effective energy value and the total energy value of system cost in machining system production process.Effective energy value ratio is to measure mechanical add
One Xiang Zhibiao of work system production efficiency, it can measure the utilization efficiency that can be worth of whole system, and effective energy value rate value is higher,
Show that system obtains certain Economic Energy value and throws people, the output produced can be worth higher, i.e. the production efficiency of system is higher.
The machining system production activity competitiveness of effective energy value ratio is strong, is the basic condition of realization system sustainable development.
Being calculated as steps described below according to table 3 mutually should be able to the amount of value
Step 5 obtains the effective energy value total amount M (4) generated when being entirely machined middle k=4
MW(4)iThe reason of going negative value be waste discharge be it is non-desired, it is influenced on the negative sense of effective energy value
's.
What is generated in step 6, the entire mechanical processing process of acquisition can be worth total amount M
Step 7 obtains the effective energy value of effective energy value utilization rate Em and each station utilization in entire mechanical processing process
Rate emi
The effective energy value utilization rate of machining system reacted machining system be directly used in production can value it is effective
Degree, value are [0,1].
Table 4 is calculated by above-mentioned.
| Station | Rough turning | Rough bore | Coarse milling | Drilling | Force plane | Smart car | Right boring | Finish-milling |
| Effective energy value ratio | 0.638 | 0.697 | 0.416 | 0.619 | 0.464 | 0.686 | 0.724 | 0.457 |
| Station | Adjustable cast iron planes | Reaming | Fine grinding | Finish ream | Fine grinding | Honing | Polishing | Machining system |
| Effective energy value ratio | 0.651 | 0.641 | 0.508 | 0.632 | 0.659 | 0.731 | 0.469 | 0.543 |
Table 4: it is machined the effective energy value ratio of station
By the effective energy value ratio of 15 machining stations shown in table 4, we can specify each station one
The ratio for occupying total energy value can be worth spent by productive temp, it is seen that the ratio of coarse milling (0.416) is minimum, it is followed by smart
Milling (0.457) illustrate spent by non-effective process time (start, standby and unloaded) can value it is higher, be object to be improved.
Honing process (0.731) is best, and the effective energy value ratio of machining system only has 0.543, is in reduced levels.
Coarse milling (0.416) process to be worth transfer efficiency minimum, be to improve object.
The minimum station of transfer efficiency can be worth by finding out, feed back to technical staff or system, search reason and improved.
Pass through can be worth in transformation efficiency evaluation process to Special-truck-axle engineering shop production system, it has been found that very
More areas for improvement, the FANUC-3-2 lathe stand-by time for screening out coarse milling station is long, leads to energy consumption, guide rail
Oil consumption is big, and main shaft, lead screw cross the weighted entropies such as quick-wearing, unstable product quality maximum.
The analysis found that: FANUC-3-2 lathe requires warming-up 2.5H or more, the main shaft temperature of natural cooling state daily
With main shaft temperature when converted products with it is inconsistent, 20 DEG C to 85 DEG C of spindle thermal reaches 0.0397mm or more error, cause plus
Chinese musical scale cun is unstable, and the lathe heating-up time is higher.
By improving the software function of FANUC lathe, thermal stretching is missed after detecting main shaft natural temperature automatically and running at high speed
Then difference compensates automatically, reduce or eliminate thermal stretching error to reach maximum possible.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of based on the machining efficiency evaluation method that can be worth, which is characterized in that method includes the following steps:
It sets first:
(1) entirely machining manufacturing process in be made of n station, i expression station serial number, i=1,2,3,, n；
(2) when each station is processed once just do not allow cancel or interrupt；
(3) each station is a productive temp to process finishing by processing；
(4) each productive temp is divided into startup stage, standby phase, unloaded stage and process segment, and k is a productive temp
In the specific stage be startup stage as k=1, be standby phase as k=2, as k=3, for the unloaded stage, work as k
It is the process segment when=4；
(5) do not consider the failure during manufacturing；
(6) what each productive temp of each station generated can be worth total amount by total energy consumption part, the consumption of total production material
Partially, always production service consumption part and total four parts of total discarded sections are constituted, and the productive temp of the station is corresponding
Four-stage in each stage can be worth total amount respectively by a point energy consumption part, divide production material consumption part, point
Production service consumes part and total four branches of discarded sections is divided to constitute；
(7) four parts are added up and are constituted by multiple resources or waste consumption part respectively, and j is enabled to indicate each energy value consumption part
Middle generation can be worth the serial number of the resource of consumption, j=1,2,3,, m
Step 1, the energy value amount MN for obtaining i-th of station total energy consumption part in a productive tempi
First: using formula 1 obtain that i-th of station divide energy consumption part in a productive temp in the kth stage can value
It measures MN (k)i
It is i-th of station divides j-th of resource in energy part in productive temp usage amount in the kth stage
It isEmergy transformity
Then MN is calculated using formula 2i
Step 2, the energy value amount MM for obtaining i-th of station total production material consumption part in a productive tempi
First: obtaining i-th of station using formula 3 and divide production material consumption part in the kth stage in a productive temp
It can value amount MM (k)i
It is that i-th of station divides j-th of resource in production material consumption part in the kth stage in a productive temp
Usage amount
It isEmergy transformity
Then MM is calculated using formula 4i:
Step 3, the energy value amount MS for obtaining i-th of process always production service consumption part in a productive tempi
First: using i-th of the station of acquisition of formula 5, mitogenetic produce services consumption part in the kth stage in a productive temp
It can value amount MS (k)i
It is that the mitogenetic production service in the kth stage in a productive temp of i-th of station consumes j-th of resource in part
Usage amount；
It isEmergy transformity
Then MS is calculated using formula 6i
Step 4, the energy value amount MW for obtaining i-th of process total waste consumption part in a productive tempi
First: obtaining i-th of station divides waste consumption part in productive temp energy in the kth stage using formula 7
Value amount MW (k)i
It is that i-th of station divides j-th of resource in waste consumption part in the kth stage in a productive temp
Usage amount
It isEmergy transformity
Then MW is calculated using formula 8i
Step 5 obtains the effective energy value total amount M (4) generated when being entirely machined middle k=4
What is generated in step 6, the entire mechanical processing process of acquisition can be worth total amount M
Step 7, the effective energy value utilization rate em for obtaining effective energy value utilization rate Em and each station in entire mechanical processing processi
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-
2019
- 2019-02-01 CN CN201910102148.9A patent/CN109784763B/en active Active
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