CN109782172A - A kind of parameter of synchronous machine test measurement method - Google Patents

A kind of parameter of synchronous machine test measurement method Download PDF

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CN109782172A
CN109782172A CN201910085542.6A CN201910085542A CN109782172A CN 109782172 A CN109782172 A CN 109782172A CN 201910085542 A CN201910085542 A CN 201910085542A CN 109782172 A CN109782172 A CN 109782172A
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armature
frequency domain
motor
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CN109782172B (en
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周理兵
马一鸣
王晋
肖洋
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of parameter of synchronous machine test measurement methods, it include: that motor is static, when excitation winding is shorted, successively in the identical direct current step voltage signal of the alternate application of armature end difference two, recording is carried out to the armature electric current in transient process, obtains corresponding armature supply response signal;Using motor d axis and q axis direct current step voltage signal, the time domain general solution form that rotor descends armature supply to respond at an arbitrary position is obtained;And it is fitted using each armature supply response signal of the time domain general solution form of armature supply response to acquisition, and the armature supply response signal after fitting is converted into frequency-domain expression;According to the frequency-domain expression of each armature supply response signal and direct current step voltage signal, each frequency domain impedance expression of motor, the frequency domain operation inductance of motor d axis and q axis and each rank inductance and time constant are calculated.The present invention can measure all parameters in synchronous motor d, q axis equivalent circuit under the operation without rotor fixed position simultaneously.

Description

Synchronous motor parameter test measurement method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of motor tests, and particularly relates to a synchronous motor parameter test measuring method.
Background
The accurate measurement of the parameters of the synchronous motor has important significance for the protection setting of the motor and the performance assessment, and the performance parameters are generally defined according to d and q axes of the synchronous motor, and specifically comprise each-order inductance and each time constant of the d and q axes. At present, main test extraction methods of equivalent model parameters of d and q axes of a synchronous motor comprise a three-phase sudden short circuit test, a voltage recovery test and a static frequency response test. The most widely applied method is a three-phase sudden short circuit test, namely, the motor end is subjected to three-phase sudden short circuit under the rated rotating speed and the specific idle load voltage, and related parameters of the synchronous motor are obtained according to short circuit current. However, this kind of test method is only suitable for small-capacity motors, and because the rated current of a large-capacity synchronous motor is large, when a three-phase short circuit occurs suddenly, the motor is easily damaged irreversibly due to a large inrush current. Meanwhile, when the test is carried out on the large-capacity motor, a large amount of protection equipment needs to be additionally arranged, so that the requirement on the test equipment is high, and the test preparation period is long. In order to avoid the problem of large short-circuit current caused by a three-phase sudden short-circuit test, a voltage recovery test is generally adopted for replacing in engineering, but the test can only obtain d-axis parameters of the synchronous motor but cannot obtain q-axis parameters. In order to obtain q-axis parameters of a synchronous motor, a static frequency response test method is proposed in the ieee (institute of Electrical and Electronics engineers) standard, but the test has to be provided with a frequency-adjustable power supply, the requirement on equipment is high, the processing process of test data relates to the processing of amplitude and phase of a frequency domain signal, the process is complex, and the popularization and the application are difficult. Other methods that can measure parameters also tend to measure only a few or one parameter, making it difficult to experimentally measure all of the parameters in the mathematical model.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a synchronous motor parameter test measuring method, which aims to solve the problem that the existing synchronous motor parameter test measuring method cannot simultaneously measure all parameters in d-axis and q-axis equivalent circuits of a synchronous motor under the condition of non-rotor positioning of the motor in a static state.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a synchronous motor parameter test measuring method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) when the motor is static and the excitation winding is in short circuit, the same direct current step voltage signal is sequentially applied between different two phases of the armature end, and the armature current in the transient process is recorded to obtain a corresponding armature current response signal;
(2) acquiring a time domain open-loop solution form of armature current response of the rotor at any position by using direct current step voltage signals of a d axis and a q axis of the motor;
(3) fitting the obtained armature current response signals by using a time domain open-loop form of the armature current response, and converting the fitted armature current response signals into a frequency domain expression;
(4) acquiring a frequency domain impedance expression of the motor according to the frequency domain expressions of the armature current response signals and the direct current step voltage signals;
(5) acquiring a frequency domain operation inductance expression of a d axis and a q axis of the motor according to the frequency domain impedance and the stator resistance of the motor;
(6) and analyzing the zero and the pole in the d-axis and q-axis frequency domain operation inductance expression of the motor to obtain the inductance and the time constant of each order of the d-axis and the q-axis.
Preferably, a five-winding synchronous motor is taken as an example, namely d and q axes of the motor are only considered as one equivalent damping winding. The step (2) specifically comprises the following steps:
(2.1) separately applying d-axis step-form voltage V to armature end of motordTime domain general solution form i of armature current responsesd(t) is:
wherein A is1,A2,A3An amplitude coefficient being an attenuation component; lambda [ alpha ]1,λ2,λ3An attenuation coefficient being an attenuation component; i issd∞To apply VdA steady state current component of time;representing the decay process of the armature loop current,representing the decay process of the excitation loop current,representing the attenuation process of the d-axis damping loop current;
(2.2) separately applying a voltage V in the form of q-axis step at the armature end of the motordTime domain general solution form i of armature current responsesq(t) is:
wherein A is4,A5An amplitude coefficient being an attenuation component; lambda [ alpha ]4,λ5An attenuation coefficient being an attenuation component; i issq∞To apply VqA steady state current component of time;represents the decay process of the armature loop current;representing the attenuation process of the q-axis damping loop current;
(2.3) the direct-current step voltage signal V of the rotor at any position can be obtained by the superposition theoremsAll can be provided with d DC step voltage signals VdAnd q-axis DC step voltage signal VqThe synthesis, that is, the time domain solution of the total armature current response, includes four attenuation components and one direct current component, and the specific expression is:
wherein, B1,B2,B3,B4Amplitude coefficient of attenuation component β1,β2,β3,β4An attenuation coefficient being an attenuation component; i iss∞To apply VsA steady state current component of time;represents the decay process of the armature loop current;representing the decay process of the excitation loop current;representing the attenuation process of the d-axis damping loop current;representing the decay process of the q-axis damping loop current.
Preferably, when the excitation winding port is short-circuited and the same direct current step voltage signal is applied between the armature end A and the armature end B, between the armature end B and the armature end C and between the armature end C and the armature end A in sequence, the armature current I of the motor in the transient process is subjected to the transient processsRecording waves to obtain three armature current response signals;
the motor is equivalent to a two-port network from an armature port, each obtained armature current response signal is fitted by utilizing a time domain open-loop form of armature current response, each fitted armature current response signal is converted into a frequency domain expression, and each frequency domain impedance expression of the motor is obtained by combining a direct current step voltage signal; taking the frequency domain impedance of the motor corresponding to the direct current step voltage signal applied between the phases A and B as an example, the expression is as follows:
correspondingly, the frequency domain impedance B of the motor corresponding to the phases B and C and the direct current step voltage signal applied between the phases C and A can be obtainedz(s)、Cz(s)。
Preferably, the step (5) specifically comprises the following steps:
(5.1) obtaining d-axis frequency domain impedance Z according to the frequency domain impedance of the motor and the extended Dalton-Kametilong transformationd(s) and q-axis frequency domain impedance Zq(s);
The d-axis frequency domain impedance Zd(s) is:
the q-axis frequency domain impedance Zq(s) is:
wherein,Az(s),Bz(s),Czand(s) is a frequency domain impedance expression corresponding to the same direct current step voltage signal applied between two different phases at the armature end.
(5.2) calculating the stator resistance r according to the applied DC step voltage signal and the steady state value of the armature currents
(5.3) frequency domain impedance Z according to d-axisd(s) and q-axis frequency domain impedance Zq(s) and stator resistance rsAcquiring frequency domain operation inductance expressions of d and q axes of the armature;
the d-axis frequency domain operation inductance expression of the motor is as follows:
the q-axis frequency domain operational inductance expression is as follows:
wherein r issIs a stator resistor; s is a differential operator.
(6) The frequency domain operation inductance expression of the d and q axes of the armature is analyzed for zero and pole, and compared with the expression of the frequency domain operation inductance of the d and q axes of the armature expressed by inductance of each order and time constant, the inductance of each order and the time constant of the motor can be obtained:
specifically, the frequency domain operation inductance of the d and q axes of the armature is expressed by the inductance of each order and the time constant as follows:
wherein L isdD-axis synchronous inductance; l isqQ-axis synchronous inductance; t'dRepresenting the d-axis transient time constant when the armature loop is short-circuited; t ″)dRepresenting d-axis transient time constant when the armature loop is short-circuited; t ″)qRepresenting the q-axis transient time constant when the armature loop is short-circuited; t'd0Representing the d-axis transient time constant when the armature loop is open; t ″)d0D-axis transient time constant when the armature circuit is open; t ″)q0Representing the q-axis transient time constant when the armature circuit is open.
Through the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention requires the motor to be in a static state, does not need the rotation of an electric rotor of a prime motor, does not need to accurately position the d and q axes in the test process, reduces the requirement on equipment, has particularly prominent effect on avoiding the positioning of the rotor of a large-capacity synchronous motor, and simultaneously avoids the problem of larger test parameter error caused by extremely large electric angle error caused by inaccurate positioning in the test process of the motor with a plurality of pole pairs.
(2) The invention analyzes the separately applied d-axis direct current step voltage VdAnd q-axis direct current step voltage VqCorresponding time domain open solution forms of armature current responses, further time domain open solution forms corresponding to armature currents under any rotor are obtained by utilizing a superposition theorem, and d-axis and q-axis frequency domain impedance expressions Z are obtained by adopting extended Dalton-Kametilon transformationd(s) and ZqAnd(s) testing for simultaneously acquiring all performance parameters in the d-axis equivalent circuit and the q-axis equivalent circuit of the motor.
(3) The test method provided by the invention is suitable for all electrically excited synchronous motors, and particularly has universality on motors with a plurality of pole pairs and motors without matched prime movers.
(4) The transient current required by the invention is small, and the damage to the motor is small, so that the safety of the test is greatly improved, and the requirements on equipment and the complexity of the test are reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of parameter extraction in the test method provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a detailed wiring diagram of the test method provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a waveform of the armature current response between two phases of the armature in the present embodiment;
fig. 4 is an equivalent two-port network of the motor of this embodiment after the armature end A, B has been pressurized.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a synchronous machine parameter test measuring method, which comprises:
(1) when the motor is static and the excitation winding is in short circuit, as shown in a wiring diagram of fig. 2, the same direct current step voltage signals are sequentially applied to the A, B phase, B, C phase and A, C phase of the armature end, and the armature current of the motor in the transient process is recorded to obtain corresponding armature current response signals, as shown in fig. 3;
the invention can be placed at any position without positioning the rotor;
(2) acquiring a time domain open-loop solution form of armature current response of the rotor at any position by using direct current step voltage signals of a d axis and a q axis of the motor;
taking a five-winding synchronous motor as an example, namely, the d and q axes of the armature are only considered as an equivalent damping winding;
the step (2) specifically comprises the following steps:
(2.1) separately applying a voltage V in the form of d-axis step at the armature end of the motordTime domain general solution form i of armature current responsesd(t) is:
wherein A is1,A2,A3An amplitude coefficient being an attenuation component; lambda [ alpha ]1,λ2,λ3An attenuation coefficient being an attenuation component; i issd∞To apply VdA steady state current component of time;representing the decay process of the armature loop current,representing the decay process of the excitation loop current,representing the attenuation process of the d-axis damping loop current;
(2.2) separately applying a voltage V in the form of q-axis step at the armature end of the motorqTime domain general solution form i of armature current responsesq(t) is:
wherein A is4,A5An amplitude coefficient being an attenuation component; lambda [ alpha ]4,λ5An attenuation coefficient being an attenuation component; i issq∞To apply VqA steady state current component of time;represents the decay process of the armature loop current;representing the attenuation process of the q-axis damping loop current;
(2.3) the direct-current step voltage signal V of the rotor at any position can be obtained by the superposition theoremsAll can be provided with d DC step voltage signals VdAnd q-axis DC step voltage signal VqThe synthesis, that is, the time domain solution of the total armature current response, includes four attenuation components and one direct current component, and the specific expression is:
wherein, B1,B2,B3,B4Amplitude coefficient of attenuation component β1,β2,β3,β4An attenuation coefficient being an attenuation component; i iss∞To apply VsA steady state current component of time;represents the decay process of the armature loop current;representing the decay process of the excitation loop current;representing the attenuation process of the d-axis damping loop current;representing the attenuation process of the q-axis damping loop current;
(3) fitting the obtained armature current response signals by using a time domain open-loop form of the armature current response, and converting the fitted armature current response signals into a frequency domain expression;
(4) acquiring a frequency domain impedance expression of the motor according to the frequency domain expressions of the armature current response signals and the direct current step voltage signals;
preferably, as shown in fig. 4, the motor is equivalent to a two-port network from the armature port, each obtained armature current response signal is fitted by using a time domain open-loop form of armature current response, each fitted armature current response signal is converted into a frequency domain expression, and each frequency domain impedance expression of the motor is obtained by combining a direct current step voltage signal; taking the frequency domain impedance of the motor corresponding to the direct current step voltage signal applied between A, B phases as an example, the expression is:
correspondingly, the frequency domain impedance B of the motor corresponding to the phases B and C and the direct current step voltage signal applied between the phases C and A can be obtainedz(s)、Cz(s);
(5) Acquiring a frequency domain operation inductance expression of a d axis and a q axis of the motor according to the frequency domain impedance and the stator resistance of the motor; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(5.1) obtaining d-axis frequency domain impedance Z according to the frequency domain impedance of the motor and the extended Dalton-Kametilong transformationd(s) and q-axis frequency domain impedance Zq(s);
The d-axis frequency domain impedance Zd(s) is:
the q-axis frequency domain impedance Zq(s) is:
wherein,Az(s),Bz(s),Cz(s) is a frequency domain impedance expression corresponding to the same direct current step voltage signal applied between two different phases at the armature end;
(5.2) calculating the stator resistance r according to the applied DC step voltage signal and the steady state value of the armature currents
(5.3) frequency domain impedance Z according to d-axisd(s) and q-axis frequency domain impedance Zq(s) and stator resistance rsAcquiring frequency domain operation inductance expressions of d and q axes of the armature;
the d-axis frequency domain operation inductance expression of the motor is as follows:
the q-axis frequency domain operational inductance expression is as follows:
wherein r issIs a stator resistor; s is a differential operator;
(6) analyzing the zero and pole in the expression of the d-axis and q-axis frequency domain operational inductance of the motor, comparing the expressions of the d-axis and q-axis frequency domain operational inductances expressed by the inductances of all orders and time constants of the armature, and obtaining the inductances of all orders and the time constants of the d-axis and q-axis;
specifically, the frequency domain operation inductance of the d and q axes of the armature is expressed by the inductance of each order and the time constant as follows:
wherein L isdD-axis synchronous inductance; l isqQ-axis synchronous inductance; t'dRepresenting the d-axis transient time constant when the armature loop is short-circuited; t ″)dRepresenting d-axis transient time constant when the armature loop is short-circuited; t ″)qRepresenting the q-axis transient time constant when the armature loop is short-circuited; t'd0Representing the d-axis transient time constant when the armature loop is open; t ″)d0D-axis transient time constant when the armature circuit is open; t ″)q0Representing the q-axis transient time constant when the armature circuit is open.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A synchronous motor parameter test measurement method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) when the motor is static and the excitation winding is in short circuit, the same direct current step voltage signal is sequentially applied between different two phases of the armature end, and the armature current in the transient process is recorded to obtain a corresponding armature current response signal;
(2) acquiring a time domain open-loop solution form of armature current response of the rotor at any position by using direct current step voltage signals of a d axis and a q axis of the motor;
(3) fitting the obtained armature current response signals by using a time domain open-loop form of the armature current response, and converting the fitted armature current response signals into a frequency domain expression;
(4) acquiring a frequency domain impedance expression of the motor according to the frequency domain expressions of the armature current response signals and the direct current step voltage signals;
(5) acquiring a frequency domain operation inductance expression of a d axis and a q axis of the motor according to the frequency domain impedance and the stator resistance of the motor;
(6) and analyzing the zero and the pole in the d-axis and q-axis frequency domain operation inductance expression of the motor to obtain the inductance and the time constant of each order of the d-axis and the q-axis.
2. The synchronous machine parameter test measuring method according to claim 1, wherein the method for obtaining the time domain general solution form of the armature current response of the rotor at any position comprises the following steps:
(2.1) applying a d-axis step-form voltage V to the armature end of the synchronous motordObtaining a time domain general solution form i of the armature current responsesd(t);
(2.2) applying a q-axis step-form voltage V to the armature terminal of the synchronous motorqObtaining a time domain general solution form i of the armature current responsesq(t);
(2.3) solving the time domain form i of the armature current responsesd(t) time domain open-loop form i of the response to armature currentsqAnd (t) acquiring a time domain general solution form of armature current response of the rotor at any position by adopting a superposition theorem.
3. The synchronous machine parameter test measurement method of claim 2, wherein in a five-winding synchronous machine model, the time domain open solution form i of the armature current responsesd(t) is:
wherein A is1,A2,A3An amplitude coefficient being an attenuation component; lambda [ alpha ]1,λ2,λ3An attenuation coefficient being an attenuation component; i issd∞To apply VdThe steady-state current component of the time,representing the decay process of the armature loop current,representing the decay process of the excitation loop current,representing the decay process of the d-axis damping loop current.
4. The synchronous machine parameter test measurement method of claim 2, wherein in a five-winding synchronous machine model, the time domain open solution form i of the armature current responsesq(t) is:
wherein A is4,A5An amplitude coefficient being an attenuation component; lambda [ alpha ]4,λ5An attenuation coefficient being an attenuation component; i issq∞To apply VqA steady state current component of time;represents the decay process of the armature loop current;representing the decay process of the q-axis damping loop current.
5. The synchronous machine parameter test measurement method according to claim 4, wherein in a five-winding synchronous machine model, the time domain general solution form of the armature current response of the rotor at any position is as follows:
wherein, B1,B2,B3,B4Amplitude coefficient of attenuation component β1,β2,β3,β4An attenuation coefficient being an attenuation component; i iss∞To apply VsA steady state current component of time;represents the decay process of the armature loop current;representing the decay process of the excitation loop current;representing the attenuation process of the d-axis damping loop current;representing the decay process of the q-axis damping loop current.
6. The synchronous machine parameter test measuring method according to claim 5, wherein the step (5) specifically comprises:
(5.1) calculating d-axis frequency domain impedance Z by using frequency domain impedance of the motor and expanding Dalton-Kametilong transformationd(s) and q-axis frequency domain impedance Zq(s);
(5.2) calculating the stator resistance r according to the applied DC step voltage signal and the steady state value of the armature currents
(5.3) frequency domain impedance Z according to d-axisd(s) and q-axis frequency domain impedance Zq(s) and stator resistance rsAnd acquiring frequency domain operation inductance expressions of the d and q axes of the armature.
7. The synchronous machine parameter test measurement method of claim 6, wherein the d-axis frequency domain impedance Zd(s) is:
the q-axis frequency domain impedance Zq(s) is:
wherein,Az(s),Bz(s),Czand(s) is a frequency domain impedance expression corresponding to the same direct current step voltage signal applied between two different phases at the armature end.
8. The synchronous machine parameter test measurement method of claim 7, wherein the d-axis frequency domain operational inductance expression of the machine is as follows:
the q-axis frequency domain operational inductance expression is as follows:
wherein r issEach phase resistor of the stator; s is a differential operator.
9. The synchronous machine parameter test measurement method of claim 8, wherein the frequency domain operational inductance expression of d-axis and q-axis of the machine is expressed by using inductance of each order and time constant as:
wherein L isdD-axis synchronous inductance; l isqQ-axis synchronous inductance; t isd' represents the d-axis transient time constant when the armature circuit is short-circuited; t ″)dRepresenting d-axis transient time constant when the armature loop is short-circuited; t ″)qRepresenting the q-axis transient time constant when the armature loop is short-circuited; t'd0Representing the d-axis transient time constant when the armature loop is open; t ″)d0D-axis transient time constant when the armature circuit is open; t ″)q0Representing the q-axis transient time constant when the armature circuit is open.
10. The synchronous machine parameter test measuring method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the rotor does not need to be positioned.
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