CN109780882B - Overlapped type vertical plate condenser and hertz dry cooling system - Google Patents
Overlapped type vertical plate condenser and hertz dry cooling system Download PDFInfo
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- CN109780882B CN109780882B CN201910251564.5A CN201910251564A CN109780882B CN 109780882 B CN109780882 B CN 109780882B CN 201910251564 A CN201910251564 A CN 201910251564A CN 109780882 B CN109780882 B CN 109780882B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an overlapped type vertical plate condenser and a Hertz dry cooling system, wherein the vertical plate condenser comprises a steam distribution vertical pipe and a condensate water return vertical pipe; the steam distribution vertical pipe and the condensate water return vertical pipe are communicated through a plurality of inclined flat base pipes; aluminum fins are brazed on two flat sides of the flat base tube so as to enlarge the heat exchange area; the upper part of the gas distribution vertical pipe is provided with a concurrent flow and countercurrent separation sloping plate; only one fixed fulcrum is arranged on the vertical plate condenser, and the rest parts of the lower part are provided with rollers to form rolling fulcrums, so that the vertical plate condenser can freely move in four directions of right side, upper side, front side and rear side; any one of the plurality of vertical plate condensers can be disassembled, and then lifted to a flushing platform to clean dirt adhered on the fins. Compared with a Hertz system, the improved system adopts the vertical plate condenser, meanwhile, the flowering state of a tube plate is canceled, and a ventilation shaft and a blind drain for bypass cold air are added.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of changing exhaust steam into condensed water by dry cooling of a fire (nuclear) power plant, and particularly relates to an overlapped type vertical plate condenser and a hertz dry cooling system.
Background
The dry cooling (also called air cooling) is adopted to save 2.5kg of water compared with the wet cooling for each degree of electric energy of thermal power generation.
The significant water saving effect of dry cooling necessarily results in increased system investment and increased operating costs. The defects of the existing dry cooling system promote the invention of the patent lotus condenser and Hertz dry cooling system (patent number ZL 201510444596.9) to integrate the advantages of three cooling systems, namely wet cooling, direct air cooling and indirect air cooling, and the cleaning mode of the fins adopts water flushing, so that the fins can be flushed from the side (the petal closing state of the air-cooled condenser) or from top to bottom (the petal expanding state of the air-cooled condenser) in a traditional mode; the lotus condenser adopts a half-flowering state to prevent freezing; the outer ring fins are required to occupy a larger area after being unfolded; the inner ring fins can only be unfolded in a 'jump bin', and cannot be unfolded at the same time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an overlapped vertical plate condenser and a hertz dry cooling system. The invention has the advantages of simple ACC system, flexible operation, low initial investment, less heat exchange times and high efficiency; the fin is cleaned by water, so that the fin can be cleaned from the side in a traditional mode, one of the vertical plate condensers can be isolated in operation, the fin is extracted and lifted to a special cleaning table for cleaning, and the cleaning water flow has no included angle with gravity from top to bottom, so that the fin is easier to clean; the ventilation shaft is adopted to bypass cold air, so that the cold air quantity flowing through the outside of the condenser, namely the fin tube is reduced, and the heat exchange is controlled, so that the anti-freezing purpose is achieved.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an overlapped type vertical plate condenser comprises a plurality of vertical plate condenser units which are annularly arranged outside a cooling tower;
the condenser unit comprises a steam distribution vertical pipe and a condensed water return vertical pipe; the air distribution vertical pipe is communicated with the condensed water return vertical pipe through a plurality of inclined flat base pipes; the upper part of the gas distribution vertical pipe is provided with a concurrent flow and countercurrent separation sloping plate; the upper end and the lower end of the inclined flat base pipe are respectively provided with an upper sealing plate and a lower sealing plate to form a plate structure; the top end of the gas distribution vertical pipe is provided with a gas extraction pipeline which is led to the lower part of the gas distribution vertical pipe and is additionally connected with a gas extraction and vacuum extraction system; the lower end of the condensate water return vertical pipe is connected with a condensate water recovery flat pipe, and the condensate water recovery flat pipe extends to the lower part of the steam distribution vertical pipe along the lower sealing plate and is additionally connected with a condensate water system;
the condenser units are vertically arranged around the center of the cooling tower, one side of a condensate water return vertical pipe of each condenser unit is inclined towards the center of the cooling tower, and all condenser units are overlapped and spirally arranged towards the center of the cooling tower on a plane; among the plurality of condenser units which are overlapped and spirally erected, the condensate water backwater vertical pipe of the first condenser unit is arranged at the inner side of the second condenser unit, and the other condenser units are arranged in a pushing manner.
Preferably, the outer flat side of the flat base tube is provided with fins, a plurality of inclined flat base tubes are sequentially arranged up and down, and the fins of adjacent flat base tubes are in contact with each other.
Preferably, the steam distribution vertical pipe is arranged on the fixed buttress through a plug with a flange, and the lower part of the condenser is provided with a roller.
Preferably, an arc-shaped sealing plate is arranged between two adjacent condenser units.
Preferably, in normal working conditions, the arc-shaped sealing plate of the third condenser unit contacts the fins on the outer side of the flat base pipe of the second condenser unit; after the second condenser unit is extracted, the arc-shaped sealing plate of the third condenser unit is rotated, so that the arc-shaped sealing plate can be contacted with the condensate water return riser of the first condenser unit.
Preferably, the flanged plug comprises a flange spigot pipe and a flange insertion pipe, wherein the flange spigot pipe is inserted into a slot of the flange insertion pipe, a sealing ring is arranged in the slot, and the flange spigot pipe is connected with a connecting plate on the outer wall of the flange insertion pipe through a fixing piece for fixing.
Preferably, the ends of the condensed water recovery horizontal pipe and the air extraction pipeline are connected with elbows, and the elbows are connected with the clamp type flexible pipe joint.
Preferably, the clamp type flexible pipe joint comprises two short pipes with convex edges and at least two clamp pieces; a limiting groove is formed in each clamp, and adjacent clamps are fixedly connected through connecting bolts; all the clamps are fixedly connected through connecting bolts to form a circular ring, and the bosses of the two short pipes with the convex edges are clamped in the limit grooves of the circular ring; a sealing element is arranged between the two short pipes with the convex edges; the sealing piece comprises a metal sealing ring with an I-shaped section; the metal sealing ring is arranged between the end faces of the two short pipes with the convex edges, and the O-shaped silica gel sealing ring is arranged in the grooves on the two sides of the metal sealing ring and is in contact sealing with the corresponding end faces of the short pipes with the convex edges.
Preferably, all the vertical plate condensers are in a right-handed state on a plane.
A Hertz dry cooling system comprises the overlapped type vertical plate condenser, a steam exhaust main pipe, a steam distribution vertical shaft, a cooling tower shell, a widening platform, a cooling tower support, a plurality of steam distribution flat pipes, a plurality of cold air bypass grooves and a ventilation shaft; the cooling tower shell is arranged on the cooling tower support, and the overlapped vertical plate condenser is positioned at the periphery of the cooling tower support; the top of the overlapped vertical plate condenser is provided with a widening platform connected with the cooling tower shell; the steam distribution vertical shaft is arranged inside the cooling tower shell and is connected with a steam turbine arranged outside the cooling tower shell through a steam exhaust main pipe; the cold air bypass ditch is connected with the steam distribution vertical shaft through the steam distribution flat pipe, and the cold air bypass ditch is used for inputting steam into the overlapped vertical plate condenser.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the condenser is arranged on the outer periphery of the natural draft cooling tower in a vertical plate mode. Comprises a steam distribution vertical pipe and a condensed water return vertical pipe; the steam distribution vertical pipe and the condensate water return vertical pipe are communicated through a plurality of inclined flat base pipes; aluminum fins are brazed on two flat sides of the flat base tube so as to enlarge the heat exchange area; the upper part of the gas distribution vertical pipe is provided with a concurrent flow and countercurrent separation sloping plate; only one fixed fulcrum is arranged on the vertical plate condenser, and the rest parts of the lower part are provided with rollers to form rolling fulcrums, so that the vertical plate condenser can freely move in four directions of right side, upper side, front side and rear side; the overlapped type vertical plate condensers are overlapped and arranged on the peripheral ring at the outer side of the cooling tower, and each position is provided with only two vertical plate condensers. All the vertical plate condensers are in a right-handed state on a plane and are overlapped and rotated. Any one of the plurality of vertical plate condensers can be disassembled, and then lifted to a flushing platform to clean dirt adhered on the fins.
Further, after one vertical plate condenser is extracted, the influence on the output of the condenser is not more than 2%; after the arc-shaped sealing plate on the other vertical plate condenser rotates, the gap generated by the vertical plate condenser which is pumped away can be still sealed. There are two alternative methods for cleaning the fins: the first is to dismantle the vertical plate condenser, and the vertical plate condenser is lifted to a special cleaning table for cleaning, so that the vertical plate condenser is suitable for shutdown overhaul cleaning and is also suitable for cleaning in operation, and the fins can be cleaned very cleanly without cleaning areas. The first method is that the vertical plate condenser is not detached, and is cleaned by a traditional method, so that the vertical plate condenser is suitable for cleaning in operation. Of course, the machine can be cleaned during shutdown overhaul.
Preferably, an arc-shaped sealing plate is arranged between any two adjacent vertical plate condensers. The arc-shaped sealing plate plays a role in sealing under normal working conditions; when the vertical plate condenser is extracted and only one vertical plate condenser is extracted, the arc-shaped sealing plate on the other vertical plate condenser is rotated, and the sealing effect is still achieved after the arc-shaped sealing plate reaches the position designated by the dotted line. The arc-shaped sealing plate can be pulled out and disassembled, and the rotating shaft of the arc-shaped sealing plate is welded on the outer wall of the steam distribution vertical pipe.
The Hertz dry cooling system has no fan, energy consumption and noise of the traditional direct air cooling system, a circulating water pump, water body, weight of the indirect air cooling system and a shutter of a 'turbine surface condenser' and an air cooling tower peripheral ring of the indirect air cooling system in a turbine room. Compared with the original Hertz system, the improved system is more important to intercept only half sides of the lotus condenser as the vertical plate condenser, cancel the flowering state of the tube plate and increase the ventilation shaft and the blind drain for bypass cold air. The cold air bypass ditch is provided with a plurality of porous reinforced concrete cover plates through a steam distribution flat pipe and a ditch cover plate, the side holes of the tower core are dense, and the side holes of the tower support are sparse. The cold air bypass ditch is also provided with another arrangement scheme, namely the ditch is positioned on the side surface of the steam distribution flat pipe and is also positioned below the ground.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a Hertz dry cooling system (including the section designated by the I-I position in FIG. 2).
FIG. 2 is a plan view corresponding to section I-I (including the section designated by position II-II in FIG. 1).
Fig. 3 is a partial enlarged view of fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a vertical section and a vertical view of the overlapped type vertical plate condenser and the cooling tower.
Fig. 5 is a plan view corresponding to fig. 4. Only a steam distribution vertical shaft 3 positioned at the center of the cooling tower, a plurality of radial steam distribution flat pipes (positioned below the ground) and overlapped vertical plate condensers 4-10 positioned below the top ends of the struts are drawn.
Fig. 6 is a partial enlarged view of fig. 5, and fig. 6 also depicts the arcuate seal plate 17 and the broken line position to which the seal plate may be rotated. For clarity of drawing, only one arc-shaped sealing plate is drawn in the drawing, and all other arc-shaped sealing plates are omitted.
Fig. 7 is a sectional view A-A in fig. 6, and the small section A-A shows the positional relationship among the steam distribution vertical pipe 4, the flat base pipe 5 (with fins) and the condensate collection vertical pipe 6 of three different vertical plate condensers.
Fig. 8 is a B-scale view of fig. 7.
Fig. 9 is a large view of fig. 7C.
Fig. 10 is an elevational cross-sectional view of the riser condenser and shows the relationship of the riser condenser to the large elbow of the underground steam distribution pipe, the cold air bypass duct 14, and the elbow-encased reinforced concrete fixed buttresses 18. The suction line (or evacuation line) 7, which is shown by a dashed line, is only illustrative of the principle of high-point suction and does not represent its actual position, which is behind the side of the distribution riser 4 and is not visible in this sectional view (visible in fig. 11).
Fig. 11 is a plan view corresponding to fig. 10. The included angles of the steam distribution flat pipe, the air extraction pipeline 7 and the condensed water collecting flat pipe and the flat base pipe 5 on the plane are 82.5 degrees (see fig. 6), and for convenience in drawing, the drawing is drawn according to the included angle of 90 degrees, and in fact, it is very easy to construct the included angle of the plane of 82.5 degrees by using a 90-degree elbow.
Fig. 12 is a partial enlarged view of fig. 10. In particular, in the figure, the roller below the condensation water recovery horizontal pipe 6a is illustrated, so that rolling friction is conveniently performed when the vertical plate condenser stretches.
Fig. 13 is a partial enlarged view of fig. 11.
Fig. 14 is a perspective view of the core components of the stacked riser condenser and hertz dry cooling system of the present invention, extracted from fig. 10.
Fig. 15 shows a pipe joint, which is provided by the patent of the invention "lotus condenser and hertz dry cooling system" (patent No. ZL 201510444596.9).
Fig. 16 is a three-dimensional view of the cooling tower, the X-stay, and the overlapping riser condenser as seen from a point of view obliquely above the cooling tower.
Fig. 17 is a three-dimensional view of the cooling tower, the X-stay, and the overlapping riser condenser as seen from another point of view obliquely above the cooling tower.
Table 1 drawing component explanatory table
TABLE 2 comparison of differences between New and old Hertz systems
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the hertz dry cooling system of the present invention comprises an overlapped type vertical plate condenser, a steam exhaust main pipe 2, a steam distribution vertical shaft 3, a cooling tower shell 11, a widening platform 12, a cooling tower support column 13, a plurality of steam distribution flat pipes, a plurality of cold air bypass grooves 14 and a ventilation shaft 15; the plurality of overlapped vertical plate condensers are respectively arranged on the peripheral rings of the cooling tower in an overlapped mode. The cooling tower shell 11 is arranged on the cooling tower support 13, and the overlapped vertical plate condenser is positioned on the periphery of the cooling tower support 13; the top of the overlapped vertical plate condenser is provided with a widening platform 12 connected with a cooling tower shell 11; the steam distribution vertical shaft 3 is arranged inside the cooling tower shell 11, and the steam distribution vertical shaft 3 is connected with the steam turbine 1 arranged outside the cooling tower shell 11 through the steam exhaust main pipe 2; the cold air bypass ditch 14 is connected with the steam distribution vertical shaft 3 through a steam distribution flat pipe, and the cold air bypass ditch 14 is used for inputting steam for the overlapped type vertical plate condenser.
Wherein, through the flat pipe of joining in marriage vapour in the cold wind bypass ditch 14, the ditch apron is porous reinforced concrete apron, and tower core side opening is some, and tower pillar side opening is sparse some. The ventilation shaft 15 is a concrete shaft and is provided with an air quantity adjusting door.
The overlapping is an annular overlapping in a vertical plane, not an overlapping in a horizontal plane. Is a cross overlap along the radius of the bottom of the cooling tower.
The flanged plug 16 consists of a flange spigot and socket pipe 16-1, a flange insertion pipe 16-2, a rubber sealing ring 16-3 and the like. The flange spigot pipe 16-1 is inserted with the lower throwing port 16-2 of the vertical plate condenser steam distribution vertical pipe 4 and is connected and fastened by bolts 16-4. The front dividing and returning system of the mouth throwing and the rear dividing and returning of the mouth throwing and returning of the vertical plate condenser.
The condensed water recovery horizontal pipe 6a at the lower part of the vertical plate condenser is connected with a rear swing opening of the elbow, and is specifically connected with a short pipe 19-1 of the convex edge, the swing opening and the front swing opening are arranged in the vertical plate condenser, and the rear swing opening is arranged in the system; similarly, the air extraction pipeline 7 is led to the bottom elbow of the lotus condenser, then a throwing port (a convex edge short pipe 19-1) is welded, and the throwing port and the front part of the throwing port are arranged in the vertical plate condenser, and the rear part of the throwing port is arranged in the system. The three interfaces of the vertical plate condenser only comprise inner pipes of the half-side joints, and do not comprise any valves.
The Hertz dry cooling system has no fan, energy consumption and noise of the traditional direct air cooling system, a circulating water pump, water body, weight of the indirect air cooling system and a shutter of a 'turbine surface condenser' and an air cooling tower peripheral ring of the indirect air cooling system in a turbine room. Compared with the original Hertz system, the improved system is more important in that only half sides of the lotus condenser are intercepted to serve as the vertical plate condenser, meanwhile, the rotation flowering state of the tube plate is canceled, and a ventilation shaft and a blind drain for bypass cold air are added. The device mainly comprises an overlapped type vertical plate condenser, a steam exhaust main pipe, a steam distribution vertical shaft blocking valve, a cooling tower shell, a widening platform, a cooling tower pillar, a plurality of steam distribution flat pipes, a plurality of cold air bypass grooves and a ventilation shaft.
The cold air bypass ditch is provided with a plurality of porous reinforced concrete cover plates through a steam distribution flat pipe and a ditch cover plate, the side holes of the tower core are dense, and the side holes of the tower support are sparse. There is another arrangement where the channel is located on the side of the steam distribution flat tube (see the cold air bypass channel 14 shown by the broken line in fig. 12), and the steam distribution flat tube does not pass through the cold air bypass channel, and is also below the ground.
The ventilation shaft 15 is a concrete shaft and is provided with an air quantity adjusting door. The flanged plug consists of a flanged spigot pipe, a flanged insertion pipe, a rubber sealing ring and the like.
The blocking valve in the steam distribution vertical shaft of the Hertz dry type cooling system is closed, and an electric butterfly valve on a condensation water recovery horizontal pipe and an electric butterfly valve on an air extraction (or vacuum pumping) pipeline are closed at the same time, so that the complete isolation of the vertical plate condenser can be realized, and then the vertical plate condenser is dismounted and lifted to clean fins. Because of the restriction of the blocking valve, only one vertical plate condenser can be removed at the same time.
As shown in fig. 4 to 6, the overlapping type vertical plate condenser is not frozen in a 'half-flowering' mode of the lotus condenser, and is frozen by adopting a method of bypassing cold air by a ventilation shaft; the method for cleaning the fins by pumping a vertical plate condenser to a special flushing table is also not used for cleaning the fins in a full-flowering mode of the lotus condenser. The overlapping type vertical plate condenser does not need the 'expanded' occupied area when the lotus condenser blooms. Unlike lotus condensers, the overlapped vertical plate condensers are not arranged on the inner sides of the herringbone (or X-shaped) support columns of the cooling tower, but are overlapped only on the outer peripheral ring of the cooling tower, so that two condensers are arranged at each position. In order to adapt to the overlapped vertical plate condenser, the cooling system is also improved as necessary, namely the Hertz dry cooling system is provided.
As shown in fig. 7 to 14, the vertical plate condenser comprises a steam distribution vertical pipe 4 and a condensate return vertical pipe 6; the gas distributing vertical pipe 4 and the condensed water return vertical pipe 6 are connected through a plurality of inclined flat base pipes 5; the flat base pipe 5 is made of a steel-aluminum composite pipe, the outer side is made of aluminum, and the two outer flat sides of the base pipe are brazed with folded aluminum fins so as to enlarge the heat exchange area; the upper part of the gas distributing vertical pipe 4 is provided with a concurrent flow and countercurrent flow separation sloping plate 8.
In fig. 9, the flanged plug 16 includes a flange spigot 16-1 and a flange insertion tube 16-2, the flange spigot 16-1 is inserted into a slot of the flange insertion tube 16-2, a sealing ring 16-3 is arranged in the slot, and the flange spigot 16-1 is connected with a connecting plate on the outer wall of the flange insertion tube 16-2 through a fixing piece 16-3 for fixing. The lower part of the steam distribution vertical pipe 4 is provided with a flange and a throwing port 16-2, and is connected with a spigot and socket pipe 16-1 with the flange in an inserting way; the condensate water return vertical pipe 6 is connected with a condensate water recovery horizontal pipe 6a at the lower part of the vertical plate condenser and then is connected with an elbow, and a half-side inner pipe 19-1 of a clamp type flexible pipe joint with the length of 110mm is welded behind the elbow and is used as a throwing port; an air extraction pipeline 7 is arranged at the top end of the air distribution vertical pipe 4, the air extraction pipeline 7 is led to the bottom of the lotus condenser, an elbow is connected, and a flange short pipe 19-1 of a clamp type flexible pipe joint 19 with the length of 44mm is welded after the elbow to serve as a throwing port. The three throwing openings are concentrated near the lower end of the steam distribution vertical pipe 4 and correspond to the vertical plate condensers one by one, so that the disassembly and the connection are convenient, and the mutual confusion of the throwing openings among different vertical plate condensers is avoided.
The vertical plate condensers are overlapped and arranged on the peripheral ring at the outer side of the cooling tower, and two vertical plate condensers are arranged at each position. All the vertical plate condensers are in a right-handed state on a plane.
An arc-shaped sealing plate 17 is arranged between any two adjacent vertical plate condensers. The arc-shaped sealing plate plays a role in sealing under normal working conditions; when one vertical plate condenser is extracted and only one vertical plate condenser is extracted, the arc-shaped sealing plate 17 on the other vertical plate condenser is rotated, and the vertical plate condenser still has a sealing effect after reaching the position designated by the dotted line. The arc-shaped sealing plate 17 can be pulled out and disassembled, and the rotating shaft of the arc-shaped sealing plate is welded on the outer wall of the steam distribution vertical pipe 4.
When in installation, each condenser unit can rotate by taking the central line of the steam distribution vertical pipe (4) as an axis; when thermal expansion occurs during operation of the condenser after installation and setting, the rollers help the condenser to perform rolling friction. The flange can not rotate around the central line of the steam distribution pipe after being connected by bolts.
By means of the rotation of the arc-shaped sealing plate 17, the arc-shaped sealing plate of the third condenser unit can contact the condensate return riser 6 of the first condenser unit. During normal working conditions, the arc-shaped sealing plate of the third condenser unit is contacted with the fins on the outer side of the flat base tube 5 of the second condenser unit. Only after the second condenser unit is extracted and cleaned, the arc-shaped sealing plate of the third condenser unit is required to be rotated to be contacted with the condensate water backwater vertical pipe 6 of the first condenser unit, so that the sealing effect is achieved, and the cold air short circuit is prevented.
As shown in fig. 14, the vertical plate condenser comprises a steam distribution vertical pipe 4 and a condensate return vertical pipe 6; the gas distributing vertical pipe 4 and the condensed water return vertical pipe 6 are connected through a plurality of inclined flat base pipes 5; the flat base pipe 5 is made of a steel-aluminum composite pipe, the outer side is made of aluminum, and the two outer flat sides of the base pipe are brazed with folded aluminum fins so as to enlarge the heat exchange area; the upper part of the gas distribution vertical pipe 4 is provided with a concurrent flow and countercurrent separation sloping plate 8; the steam distributing vertical pipe 4 is provided with a flange (shown by two very small short lines in the figure) at the lower part and is thrown out (see the part 16-2 in figure 9 for details) to be plugged into a flanged socket pipe (16-1 in figure 9); the condensate water return vertical pipe 6 is connected with a condensate water recovery horizontal pipe 6a at the lower part of the vertical plate condenser and then is connected with an elbow, and a half side inner pipe (19-1 in figure 15) of a clamp type flexible pipe joint with the length of 110mm is welded behind the elbow and is used as a throwing port; an air extraction pipeline 7 is arranged at the top end of the air distribution vertical pipe 4, the air extraction pipeline 7 is led to a connecting elbow at the bottom of the lotus condenser, and a flange short pipe 19-1 (19-1 in fig. 15) of a clamp type flexible pipe joint with the length of 44mm is welded after the elbow to serve as a throwing port. The three throwing openings are concentrated near the lower end of the steam distribution vertical pipe 4 and correspond to the vertical plate condensers one by one, so that the disassembly and the connection are convenient, and the mutual confusion of the throwing openings among different vertical plate condensers is avoided. The faucet corresponds to the only fixed fulcrum of the vertical plate condenser (the actual fixed fulcrum is the fixed buttress 18 of the elbow in fig. 10 and 11), so that the vertical plate condenser can freely stretch upwards, leftwards and rightwards to cope with thermal expansion. For clarity of drawing, the drawing omits some of the thin irregular seal plates that should be present.
The vertical plate condenser comprises a steam distribution vertical pipe and a condensate water return vertical pipe; the steam distribution vertical pipe 4 and the condensate return vertical pipe 6 are communicated through a plurality of inclined flat base pipes 5; aluminum fins are brazed on two flat sides of the flat base tube 5 so as to enlarge the heat exchange area; the upper part of the gas distribution vertical pipe is provided with a concurrent flow and countercurrent separation sloping plate; only one fixed fulcrum is arranged on the vertical plate condenser, and the rest parts of the lower part are provided with rollers to form rolling fulcrums, so that the vertical plate condenser can freely move in four directions of right side, upper side, front side and rear side; any one of the plurality of vertical plate condensers can be disassembled, and then lifted to a flushing platform to clean dirt adhered on the fins. The steam-water distribution flat pipeline is connected with a steam-distribution vertical pipe of the vertical plate condenser through an elbow and a plug with a flange, and steam is input into the condenser. The condensation water recycling flat pipe is provided with a connector which is easy to disassemble, and an electric valve is arranged behind the connector to drain the condensation water. Similarly, a joint easy to detach is arranged on the air extraction flat pipe, and an electric valve is arranged behind the joint to extract air or non-condensed gas. The terahertz dry cooling system is the same as the terahertz dry cooling system, and has no fan, energy consumption and noise of the traditional direct air cooling system, no circulating water pump, water body, weight of the indirect air cooling system and no louver of the surface condenser of the steam turbine and the periphery of the air cooling tower, which are positioned in a turbine room, of the indirect air cooling system. Compared with a Hertz system, the improved system is more important in that only half sides of the lotus condenser are intercepted to serve as the vertical plate condenser, the flowering state of a tube plate is canceled, and a ventilation shaft and a blind drain for bypass cold air are added.
The steam-water distribution flat pipeline is connected with a steam-distribution vertical pipe of the vertical plate condenser through an elbow and a plug with a flange, and steam is input into the condenser. The condensed water recovery horizontal pipeline is provided with a connector which is easy to disassemble, and an electric valve is arranged behind the connector to drain condensed water in the condenser. The air extraction flat pipeline is also provided with an easily-detachable joint, and an electric valve is arranged behind the joint to extract a small amount of air or non-condensed gas in the condenser. The overlapped type vertical plate condensers are overlapped and arranged on the peripheral ring at the outer side of the cooling tower, and each position is provided with only two vertical plate condensers. All the vertical plate condensers are in a right-handed state on a plane and are overlapped and rotated. An arc-shaped sealing plate is arranged between any two adjacent vertical plate condensers. The arc-shaped sealing plate plays a role in sealing under normal working conditions; when the vertical plate condenser is extracted and only one vertical plate condenser is extracted, the arc-shaped sealing plate on the other vertical plate condenser is rotated, and the sealing effect is still achieved after the arc-shaped sealing plate reaches the position designated by the dotted line. The arc-shaped sealing plate can be pulled out and disassembled, and the rotating shaft of the arc-shaped sealing plate is welded on the outer wall of the steam distribution vertical pipe. The vertical plate condenser does not contain any valve, and only contains half side joint inner pipes with three interfaces.
As shown in fig. 15, the clip-on flexible pipe joint 19 includes two short pipes 19-1 with flanges and at least two split clips 19-2; a limiting groove is formed in each clamp 19-2, and adjacent clamps 19-2 are fixedly connected through connecting bolts 19-3; all the clamps 19-2 are fixedly connected through connecting bolts 19-3 to form a circular ring, and the bosses of the two short pipes 19-1 with the convex edges are clamped in the limit grooves of the circular ring; a sealing element is arranged between the two short pipes 19-1 with the convex edges; the sealing element comprises a metal sealing ring 19-5 with an I-shaped section and two O-shaped silica gel sealing rings 19-6; the metal sealing rings 19-5 are arranged between the end faces of the two short pipes 19-1 with the convex edges, and the O-shaped silica gel sealing rings 19-6 are arranged in the grooves on the two sides of the metal sealing rings 19-5 and are in contact sealing with the end faces of the corresponding short pipes 19-1 with the convex edges.
Examples
An indirect air cooling system is adopted, the height of a cooling tower is 206m, the elevation of the throat part is 154.5m, and the height of an air inlet (namely the height of an inclined strut of the tower) is 31.5m; the bottom diameter is 160.4m, the throat diameter is 103.5m, and the top outlet diameter is 109m.
If the novel Hertz direct air cooling system is adopted, the size of the cooling tower can be kept unchanged, a radiator for indirect air cooling and the like are removed, 48 vertical plate condensers are newly arranged, and each vertical plate condenser is 31.5m in height and 23.07m in width and is arranged in an overlapping mode. The diameter of the circle surrounded by the vertical plate condenser is 164.38m.
The emphasis is on drawing the cooling tower shell, the X-pillar and the overlapped type vertical plate condenser by adopting the Hertz dry type cooling system, and the three-dimensional diagrams of other contents are omitted, and are shown in fig. 16 and 17 in detail. The view point of fig. 16 is far and high from the cooling tower, primarily showing the cooling tower in top view; the view point of fig. 17 is close to and slightly lower than the cooling tower, and mainly shows the cooling tower in vertical view, and the overlapping type vertical plate condenser is clearly seen.
The terahertz dry cooling system is the same as the original terahertz dry cooling system, and has no fan, energy consumption and noise of the traditional direct air cooling system, no circulating water pump, water body and weight of the indirect air cooling system, and no louver of a 'turbine surface condenser' and an air cooling tower peripheral ring of the indirect air cooling system in a turbine machine room. Compared with the original Hertz system, the improved system is more important to intercept only half sides of the lotus condenser as the vertical plate condenser, cancel the flowering state of the tube plate and increase the ventilation shaft and the blind drain for bypass cold air.
The invention has the following advantages:
the radial reheating dry cooling system does not adopt the ridge arrangement of NDC or NDACC, but arranges the condenser on the outer periphery of the natural draft cooling tower in a vertical plate mode.
There are no blinds. In the 3/4 period of each year, the shutter is harmful, the resistance of cold air flowing is increased, and the heat transfer efficiency is reduced, so that the shutter is not used in the dry cooling system, and the antifreezing means is to bypass part of cold air through the ventilation shaft (and the cold air bypass groove) and reduce the cold air quantity passing through the condenser.
The dry cooling system has a novel structure and exquisite arrangement for cooling the exhaust steam of the steam turbine by utilizing a natural ventilation mode, forms a larger heat exchange area, can obtain more cooling air quantity, and has no energy consumption of an ACC system-noise and electricity consumption of a fan power distribution motor; the energy consumption of indirect cooling, namely the noise and the electricity consumption of a circulating water pump power distribution motor, is not generated, and a condenser, namely a 1000MW unit, arranged in a turbine room is not generated, so that 6000 ten thousand yuan can be saved. The dry cooling system can obtain lower condenser pressure in summer and promote full-blown. The novel hertz system integrates some advantages of wet cooling, indirect cooling, direct cooling and hertz systems, and the list of 8 is as follows:
1, natural ventilation: the axial flow fan of ACC is omitted by utilizing the heat rising function of air in the cooling tower;
2, compared with the traditional direct air cooling, the load is transferred to the ground: the vertical plate condenser is arranged on the ground, and transfers the high-altitude load (mainly the dead weight of the tube bundle) of the ACC to the ground, so that the design, the operation and the maintenance are simple and easy to implement.
And 3, compared with the traditional indirect air cooling, the self weight of the heat exchange working medium (namely circulating water) is avoided. When the steam is condensed into water under the pressure of 1 atmosphere, the volume is reduced by 1725 times. Assuming that the internal volume of the direct air-cooling condenser is equal to that of the indirect cooling radiator, the total weight of water and steam in the direct air-cooling condenser is only five parts per million eight of the weight of water in the indirect cooling radiator. The load reduction is beneficial to design and operation.
4, self-supporting a vertical pipe: the support capacity of the riser is several times that of a horizontal pipe (e.g., DN2000 pipe is 6 times that of a horizontal pipe, and the multiple increases with increasing pipe diameter). The excellent performance of the pipe column in the aspects of compression, torsion and bending in all directions is fully utilized.
5, the cooling air volume becomes large: the wind resistance of the vertical plate condenser becomes small, so that the cooling wind amount becomes large.
6, antifreeze measures: the ratio of the countercurrent tube bundle and the concurrent tube bundle can be set at will, and the method is to change the positions of the concurrent separation sloping plates and the countercurrent separation sloping plates; bypass cooling is also an anti-freezing measure.
7, after a vertical plate condenser is extracted, the influence on the output of the condenser is not more than 2%; after the arc-shaped sealing plate on the other vertical plate condenser rotates, the gap generated by the vertical plate condenser which is pumped away can be still sealed.
8, two methods for cleaning the fins are available: the first is to dismantle the vertical plate condenser, and the vertical plate condenser is lifted to a special cleaning table for cleaning, so that the vertical plate condenser is suitable for shutdown overhaul cleaning and is also suitable for cleaning in operation, and the fins can be cleaned very cleanly without cleaning areas. The first method is that the vertical plate condenser is not detached, and is cleaned by a traditional method, so that the vertical plate condenser is suitable for cleaning in operation. Of course, the machine can be cleaned during shutdown overhaul.
The embodiments described hereinabove are merely illustrative of the implementations of the invention that will enable those skilled in the art to make and use the invention, and are not limiting. Therefore, the present invention should not be limited to the embodiments shown in the present invention, and all additions, equivalents and substitutions made according to the technical features of the present invention are included in the scope of the present application.
Claims (6)
1. An overlapped type vertical plate condenser is characterized by comprising a plurality of vertical plate condenser units which are annularly arranged outside a cooling tower;
the condenser unit comprises a steam distribution vertical pipe (4) and a condensed water return vertical pipe (6); the gas distribution vertical pipe (4) is communicated with the condensed water return vertical pipe (6) through a plurality of inclined flat base pipes (5); the upper part of the gas distribution vertical pipe (4) is provided with a concurrent flow and countercurrent separation sloping plate (8); the upper end and the lower end of the inclined flat base pipe (5) are respectively provided with an upper sealing plate (9) and a lower sealing plate (10) to form a riser structure; the top end of the gas distribution vertical pipe (4) is provided with a gas exhaust pipeline (7), and the gas exhaust pipeline (7) is led to the lower part of the gas distribution vertical pipe (4) and is additionally connected with a gas exhaust and vacuum pumping system; the lower end of the condensate water return vertical pipe (6) is connected with a condensate water recovery horizontal pipe (6 a), the condensate water recovery horizontal pipe (6 a) extends to the lower part of the steam distribution vertical pipe (4) along the lower sealing plate (10), and is additionally connected with a condensate water system;
the condenser units are vertically arranged around the center of the cooling tower, one side of a condensate water return vertical pipe (6) of each condenser unit is inclined towards the center of the cooling tower, and all condenser units are overlapped and spirally arranged towards the center of the cooling tower on a plane; among the plurality of overlapped and spirally-erected condenser units, a condensate water return vertical pipe (6) of a first condenser unit is arranged at the inner side of a second condenser unit, and other condenser units are arranged in a pushing manner;
the steam distribution vertical pipe (4) is arranged on the fixed support pier (18) through a plug (16) with a flange, and a roller is arranged at the lower part of the condenser;
the flange plug (16) comprises a flange spigot-and-socket pipe (16-1) and a flange inserting pipe (16-2), wherein the flange spigot-and-socket pipe (16-1) is inserted into a slot of the flange inserting pipe (16-2), a sealing ring (16-3) is arranged in the slot, and the flange spigot-and-socket pipe (16-1) is connected with a connecting plate on the outer wall of the flange inserting pipe (16-2) through a fixing piece (16-4) for fixing;
the ends of the condensed water recovery flat pipe (6 a) and the air exhaust pipeline (7) are connected with elbows, and the elbows are connected with a clamp type flexible pipe joint (19);
the clamp type flexible pipe joint (19) comprises two short pipes (19-1) with convex edges and at least two clamp pieces (19-2); a limiting groove is arranged in the clamp (19-2), and adjacent clamps (19-2) are fixedly connected through connecting bolts (19-3); all the clamps (19-2) are fixedly connected through connecting bolts (19-3) to form a circular ring, and the bosses of the two short pipes (19-1) with the convex edges are clamped in the limit grooves of the circular ring; a sealing piece is arranged between the two short pipes (19-1) with the convex edges; the sealing piece comprises a metal sealing ring (19-5) with an I-shaped section and two O-shaped silica gel sealing rings (19-6); the metal sealing rings (19-5) are arranged between the end faces of the two short pipes (19-1) with the convex edges, and the O-shaped silica gel sealing rings (19-6) are arranged in the grooves on the two sides of the metal sealing rings (19-5) and are in contact sealing with the end faces of the corresponding short pipes (19-1) with the convex edges.
2. The overlapped type vertical plate condenser according to claim 1, wherein fins are arranged on the outer flat side of the flat base pipes (5), the plurality of inclined flat base pipes (5) are sequentially arranged up and down, and the fins of the adjacent flat base pipes (5) are in contact with each other.
3. The overlapped type vertical plate condenser according to claim 1, wherein an arc-shaped sealing plate (17) is arranged between two adjacent condenser units.
4. The overlapped type vertical plate condenser according to claim 3, wherein the arc-shaped sealing plate of the third condenser unit contacts the fins outside the flat base tube (5) of the second condenser unit under normal working conditions; after the second condenser unit is extracted, the arc-shaped sealing plate of the third condenser unit is rotated, so that the arc-shaped sealing plate can be contacted with the condensate water return vertical pipe (6) of the first condenser unit.
5. The overlapping riser condenser of claim 1, wherein all riser condensers exhibit a right-handed condition on a flat surface.
6. A hertz dry cooling system, comprising the overlapping riser condenser of any one of claims 1 to 5, a steam exhaust main (2), a steam distribution shaft (3), a cooling tower shell (11), a widening platform (12), a cooling tower support (13), a plurality of steam distribution flat pipes, a plurality of cold air bypass grooves (14) and a ventilation shaft (15); the cooling tower shell (11) is arranged on the cooling tower support column (13), and the overlapped vertical plate condenser is positioned on the periphery of the cooling tower support column (13); the top of the overlapped vertical plate condenser is provided with a widening platform (12) connected with a cooling tower shell (11); the gas distribution vertical shaft (3) is arranged inside the cooling tower shell (11), and the gas distribution vertical shaft (3) is connected with a steam turbine (1) arranged outside the cooling tower shell (11) through a gas exhaust main pipe (2); the cold air bypass ditch (14) is connected with the steam distribution vertical shaft (3) through a steam distribution flat pipe, and the cold air bypass ditch (14) inputs steam for the overlapped type vertical plate condenser.
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| CN113970255A (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2022-01-25 | 成都聚实节能科技有限公司 | Direct air-cooling condensing method |
| CN113970254A (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2022-01-25 | 成都聚实节能科技有限公司 | Full-countercurrent direct air-cooling condensing method |
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