Garbage pyrolysis gasification treatment system
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of garbage treatment, and particularly discloses a garbage pyrolysis and gasification treatment system.
Background
With the development of social production, various commodities or convenience goods are produced and used in the life of people, which provides more convenience for the life of people; for example, various plastic products, disposable articles for daily use and the like in life become necessities in life of people, and great convenience is brought to life of people.
In the process of using the convenience goods, part of plastic products such as disposable plastic bags and disposable cups … … can be thrown away as garbage after being used, more household garbage can be generated due to the large using amount of disposable household goods, and the environment can be polluted if the garbage is not treated in time.
The common modes for treating the household garbage include landfill, incineration and the like, and because a lot of garbage is difficult to degrade, the garbage is treated by adopting an incinerator incineration mode. In the process of burning garbage, more ash and slag are usually generated, because the bottom of the incinerator is provided with the fire grate, the mode of leaking the ash and slag through the fire grate can easily cause blockage, the ash and slag can not be discharged in time to influence the combustion in the incinerator, so that the garbage can not be fully combusted, and the garbage treatment is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a garbage pyrolysis gasification treatment system, which aims to solve the problem that ash in a gasification furnace cannot be removed in time to influence garbage gasification.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a garbage pyrolysis gasification treatment system comprises a feeding unit, a gasification furnace, a cooling unit, a dust removal unit and a tail gas treatment unit which are sequentially connected, wherein the gasification furnace comprises a rack, a furnace body and a driving part are arranged on the rack, a feeding port and an exhaust port are formed in the upper part of the furnace body, and the exhaust port is connected with the cooling unit; a ladder-shaped secondary combustion chamber is arranged in the side wall of the furnace body, an air inlet is communicated between the secondary combustion chamber and the interior of the furnace body, and the secondary combustion chamber is communicated with an air outlet; the lower part of the furnace body is provided with a shunt part which is rotationally connected with the inner wall of the furnace body, and the drive part drives the shunt part to rotate; the bottom of the furnace body is provided with a conical ash discharge hopper, the lower part of the ash discharge hopper is provided with an ash discharge port, and the lower part of the flow dividing part is provided with a fire grate;
the fire grate is rotatably sleeved on the flow dividing part, and a fixed rod is connected between the fire grate and the inner wall of the furnace body; the lower part of furnace body inner wall is equipped with the ring channel, and the ring channel is kept away from one side of furnace body inner wall and is articulated to have the swing board that is used for the fan, and the swing board is close to one side of furnace body inner wall and extends to the ring channel in, and the sub-unit connection of reposition of redundant personnel portion has the support, and the support lower extreme rotates to be connected with and is used for bulldozing the gyro wheel of swing board.
The working principle of the technical scheme is as follows: before the treatment system is used, the garbage is firstly crushed, and the driving part drives the flow dividing part to rotate; putting firewood or fuel oil into the gasification furnace, igniting, and feeding the crushed garbage into the gasification furnace through a feeding unit through a feeding hole; after the garbage enters the gasification furnace, the shunting part can disperse the garbage accumulated in the furnace body in the rotating process, and the garbage is gasified in the wood combustion process; the shunting part drives the roller to rotate when rotating, the roller rotates to move along the annular groove, the roller presses one end of the swinging plate close to the inner wall of the furnace body to be rolled by the roller and then swings downwards when rotating, the other end of the swinging plate swings upwards and then impacts the grate, the grate vibrates after being collided, ash residues accumulated on the grate fall downwards in the vibrating process of the grate and enter the ash discharging hopper, and the ash residues are discharged through the ash discharging opening; in the process of swinging the swinging plate upwards, the swinging plate swings upwards to drive airflow to enter the furnace body, and air is supplemented into the furnace body, so that the garbage in the furnace body keeps a stable gasification temperature.
Waste gas is generated after the garbage is gasified in the gasification furnace, and the waste gas is discharged into the air after sequentially passing through the cooling unit, the dust removal unit and the tail gas treatment unit. In the gasification engineering, waste gas enters the secondary combustion chamber through the air inlet to be fully combusted, and waste gas generated after combustion in the secondary combustion chamber enters the cooling unit through the air outlet to be cooled.
The beneficial effects of this technical scheme lie in:
(1) according to the treatment system, after the garbage is put into the gasification furnace, the garbage can be shunted in the rotation process of the shunting part, so that the garbage is easily and uniformly distributed in the furnace body, and the garbage is conveniently heated and gasified;
(2) in the scheme, when the roller rolls along the annular groove, the lower part of the roller pushes the swinging plate to swing, and the swinging plate can collide with the fire grate, so that ash on the fire grate is easy to fall into the ash hopper, and the ash is prevented from being accumulated on the fire grate to block gaps on the fire grate to influence air to enter the furnace body;
(3) the air can be supplemented into the furnace body in the swinging process of the swinging plate, so that the garbage in the furnace body can be pyrolyzed and gasified, the swinging of the swinging plate is different from the air blowing mode of a traditional blower, the blower can continuously blow air to take away the heat in the furnace body, the garbage gasification is not facilitated, the air supplemented into the furnace body by the swinging of the swinging plate can enable the garbage to be combusted and gasified, and meanwhile, more heat can not be taken away, so that the garbage can be fully pyrolyzed and gasified.
Further, the reposition of redundant personnel portion is equipped with branch along a plurality of radial directions including setting up the annular frame in furnace body inner wall lower part, annular frame, and the handing-over department of a plurality of branches rotates and is connected with vertical pivot, and pivot upper portion coaxial coupling has a plurality of horizontally flow distribution plates, and the grate is located the flow distribution plate below of lower floor, and drive division drive pivot rotates. The driving part drives the rotating shaft and the splitter plate to rotate, and the splitter plate rotates to easily push the garbage falling into the furnace body, so that the garbage can be uniformly distributed in the furnace body to facilitate pyrolysis and gasification.
Furthermore, the position of the rotating shaft between two adjacent splitter plates is sleeved with a cylindrical cam, a closed curve groove is formed in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical cam, a connecting rod is hinged to the position, right opposite to the cylindrical cam, of the inner wall of the furnace body, and one end, far away from the inner wall of the furnace body, of the connecting rod is connected with the inner wall of the curve groove. The rotating shaft can drive the cylindrical cam to rotate in the rotating process, the cylindrical cam drives the curve groove to rotate in the rotating process, and in the rotating process of the curve groove, because one end of the connecting rod, which is close to the inner wall of the furnace body, is hinged with the inner wall of the furnace body, therefore, the cylindrical cam rotates to enable the connecting rod to slide along the inner wall of the curve groove, the connecting rod swings up and down along the sliding process of the inner wall of the curve groove, the connecting rod swings up and down to push garbage to move up and down, so that air can enter gaps between the garbage, and the pyrolysis gasification of.
Furthermore, the swinging plate is provided with a pushing part which can extend into the fire grate gap along the length direction, and one end of the pushing part far away from the inner wall of the furnace body is higher than the other end. The swinging plate can drive the pushing part to move upwards to enter a gap of the fire grate in the upward swinging process, so that ash residues in the gap of the fire grate can be pushed to move, the pushing part can extrude blocky ash residues to be crushed, and the ash residues can easily and smoothly fall into the ash hopper through the gap on the fire grate.
Further, the pushing part is a pushing plate or a pushing rod. The pushing plate or the pushing rod is used for conveniently pushing ash in gaps of the fire grate, so that the ash is prevented from blocking the gaps on the fire grate.
Further, the rotating shaft is of a hollow structure, an air supplementing port is formed in the lower portion of the hollow structure, the air supplementing port is connected with an air supplementing pipe through a pneumatic rotating joint, and the air supplementing pipe extends out of the furnace body. When the garbage is not favorable for pyrolysis and gasification after oxygen deficiency in the furnace body, air can be rapidly supplemented into the furnace body through the air supplementing pipe, so that the garbage can be smoothly pyrolyzed and gasified.
Further, the driving part is a motor, a connecting shaft is coaxially arranged on an output shaft of the motor, a coaxial gear is arranged at one end, away from the motor, of the connecting shaft, an outer gear ring rotationally connected with the annular frame is arranged at the lower part of the rotating shaft, and the gear is meshed with the outer gear ring. The motor drives the gear and the gear ring to rotate, so that the rotating speed of the splitter plate and the swinging frequency of the swinging plate can be stably controlled, and the garbage in the furnace body can be stably pyrolyzed and gasified.
Furthermore, an umbrella-shaped bulk material plate is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the rotating shaft, and a material shifting plate is arranged on the upper surface of the bulk material plate along the circumferential direction. Through setting up bulk cargo board and switch board, can promote the rubbish that falls into in the furnace body, prevent that rubbish from piling up and being unfavorable for pyrolysis gasification together.
Furthermore, the outer wall of the furnace body is sequentially provided with a fire-resistant layer and a heat-insulating cotton layer from inside to outside. Through setting up flame retardant coating and heat preservation cotton layer, can guarantee the combustion temperature of second combustion chamber, make waste gas fully burn in second combustion chamber, decompose poisonous and harmful gas, reduce the emission of pollutant.
Furthermore, the fire-resistant layer is a refractory brick layer, and the heat-insulating cotton layer is an aluminum silicate heat-insulating cotton layer. The two materials can play a good role in heat preservation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of an embodiment of a pyrolysis gasification system for garbage according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of the gasification furnace of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the swing plate of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a top view of the ring frame of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a top view of the flow distribution plate of FIG. 1;
fig. 6 is a partial perspective view at a in fig. 1.
Detailed Description
The following is further detailed by way of specific embodiments:
reference numerals in the drawings of the specification include: the device comprises a feeding unit 1, a gasification furnace 2, a water-cooling heat exchanger 3, a gas-cooling heat exchanger 4, a cyclone dust collector 5, a bag-type dust collector 6, an activated carbon adsorption tank 7, an alkali liquor spray tower 8, a frame 9, a furnace body 10, a motor 11, a feeding port 12, an exhaust port 13, a flame retardant coating 14, a heat insulation cotton layer 15, a secondary combustion chamber 16, an air inlet 17, an ash discharge hopper 18, an ash discharge port 19, a fire grate 20, an annular frame 21, a supporting rod 22, a rotating shaft 23, a bulk material plate 24, a shifting plate 25, a flow distribution plate 26, a cylindrical cam 27, a curve groove 28, a connecting rod 29, an air supplement port 30, an air supplement pipe 31, a swinging plate 32, a support 33, a roller 34, a push rod 35, a connecting shaft 36, a gear 37.
The embodiment is basically as shown in the attached figure 1, and the garbage pyrolysis gasification treatment system comprises a feeding unit 1, a gasification furnace 2, a cooling unit, a dust removal unit and a tail gas treatment unit which are sequentially connected; in the embodiment, the feeding unit 1 is preferably a belt conveying device, the cooling unit is a water-cooling heat exchanger 3 and a gas-cooling heat exchanger 4 (air heat exchanger) which are sequentially connected with the gasification furnace 2, the dedusting unit comprises a cyclone dust collector 5 and a bag-type dust collector 6 which are sequentially connected with the gas-cooling heat exchanger 4, the tail gas processing unit comprises an activated carbon adsorption tank 7 and an alkali liquor spray tower 8 which are sequentially connected with the bag-type dust collector 6, and the upper end of the alkali liquor spray tower 8 is connected with a fan 39; the water-cooled heat exchanger 3, the air-cooled heat exchanger 4, the cyclone dust collector 5, the bag-type dust collector 6, the activated carbon adsorption tank 7 and the alkali liquor spray tower 8 are all devices used in the prior art.
Referring to fig. 2, the gasification furnace 2 includes a frame 9, a furnace body 10 and a driving part are welded on the frame 9, a feed inlet 12 and an exhaust outlet 13 are opened on the upper part of the furnace body 10, and the exhaust outlet 13 is connected with the water-cooled heat exchanger 3; the outer wall of the furnace body 10 is sequentially provided with a fire-resistant layer 14 and a heat-preservation cotton layer 15 from inside to outside, wherein the fire-resistant layer 14 is a refractory brick layer, and the heat-preservation cotton layer 15 is an aluminum silicate heat-preservation cotton layer. A ladder-shaped secondary combustion chamber 16 is arranged in the side wall of the furnace body 10, an air inlet 17 is communicated between the secondary combustion chamber 16 and the interior of the furnace body 10, and the secondary combustion chamber 16 is communicated with the exhaust port 13; the lower part of the furnace body 10 is provided with a shunt part which is rotationally connected with the inner wall of the furnace body 10, and the drive part drives the shunt part to rotate; the bottom of the furnace body 10 is provided with a conical ash discharge hopper 18, the lower part of the ash discharge hopper 18 is provided with an ash discharge port 19, as shown in a combined view in fig. 4, the flow dividing part comprises an annular frame 21 arranged at the lower part of the inner wall of the furnace body 10, the annular frame 21 is welded with a plurality of supporting rods 22 along the radial direction, the joints of the plurality of supporting rods 22 are welded with bearing sleeves, bearings are arranged in the bearing sleeves, and vertical rotating shafts 23 are arranged in the bearings; an umbrella-shaped bulk cargo plate 24 is welded at the upper end of the rotating shaft 23, and a kickoff plate 25 is welded on the upper surface of the bulk cargo plate 24 along the circumferential direction. A plurality of horizontal splitter plates 26 are coaxially welded to the upper portion of the rotating shaft 23, the number of the splitter plates 26 in this embodiment is preferably two, and as shown in fig. 5, fan-shaped material leaking holes are formed in the splitter plates 26, and the material leaking holes can allow garbage to pass through; the rotating shaft 23 is positioned between the two flow distribution plates 26 and is provided with a sleeve through a bearing sleeve, the fire grate 20 is sleeved and welded on the outer wall of the sleeve, a fixed rod 40 is welded between the lower end of the sleeve and the inner wall of the furnace body 10, and the sleeve and the fire grate 20 do not rotate along with the rotating shaft 23 when the rotating shaft 23 rotates under the action of the fixed rod 40; the grate 20 is positioned below the lowermost diverter plate 26; the driving part is a motor 11, the motor 11 is horizontally arranged on the frame 9, a connecting shaft 36 is coaxially welded on an output shaft of the motor 11, a coaxial gear 37 is connected to the right end key of the connecting shaft 36, an outer gear ring 38 rotationally connected with the annular frame 21 is sleeved on the lower portion of the rotating shaft 23, the outer gear ring 38 is welded or connected with the rotating shaft 23 in a key mode, and the gear 37 is meshed with the outer gear ring 38. The rotating shaft 23 is sleeved with a cylindrical cam 27 at a position between two adjacent splitter plates 26, a closed curve groove 28 is formed in the outer surface of the cylindrical cam 27, a connecting rod 29 is hinged to a position, opposite to the cylindrical cam 27, of the inner wall of the furnace body 10, and one end, far away from the inner wall of the furnace body 10, of the connecting rod 29 is connected with the inner wall of the curve groove 28. The rotating shaft 23 is of a hollow structure, the lower part of the hollow structure is provided with an air supplement port 30, the air supplement port 30 is connected with an air supplement pipe 31 through a pneumatic rotary joint, and the air supplement pipe 31 extends out of the furnace body 10; the rotating shaft 23 is provided with an exhaust hole (not shown) communicating with the hollow structure at a position between the two flow distribution plates 26, and air can be supplied to the furnace body 10 through the exhaust hole.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, an annular groove 41 is formed in the lower portion of the inner wall of the furnace body 10, a plurality of swinging plates 32 for blowing are hinged to one side of the annular groove 41 away from the inner wall of the furnace body 10 along the circumferential direction, and the two adjacent swinging plates 32 do not affect each other when swinging; one side of the oscillating plate 32 close to the inner wall of the furnace body 10 extends into the annular groove 41, as shown in fig. 6, a vertical bracket 33 is welded on the lower end face of the edge of the flow distribution plate 26, a roller 34 for pressing the oscillating plate 32 is rotatably connected to the lower end of the bracket 33, one end of the oscillating plate 32 close to the inner wall of the furnace body 10 is positioned at the lower part of the roller 34, the roller 34 is positioned in the annular groove 41, and the roller 34 cannot be clamped by the oscillating plate 32 when moving along the annular groove 41. The swinging plate 32 is welded with a pushing part which can extend into the gap of the fire grate 20 along the length direction, the pushing part is a pushing plate or a pushing rod 35, the pushing part is preferably a pushing rod 35 in the embodiment, and the length of the pushing rod 35 is increased from one side close to the inner wall of the furnace body in sequence.
The specific implementation process is as follows: before the treatment system is used, the garbage is crushed, the motor 11 is started, and the motor 11 rotates to drive the outer gear ring 38, the rotating shaft 23 and the splitter plate 26 to rotate; firewood or fuel oil is put into the gasification furnace 2 and ignited, and the crushed garbage is fed into the gasification furnace 2 through the feeding unit 1 through the feeding hole 12; after the garbage enters the gasification furnace 2, the shunt plate 26 can disperse the garbage accumulated in the furnace body 10 in the rotating process, and the garbage is gasified in the wood burning process; the shunt plate drives the roller 34 to rotate when rotating, the roller 34 rotates and moves along the annular groove 41, the roller 34 rotates and presses one end of the swinging plate 32 close to the inner wall of the furnace body 10 to be rolled by the roller 34 and then swings downwards, the other end of the swinging plate 32 swings upwards and then collides with the fire grate 20, the fire grate 20 vibrates after being collided, ash residues accumulated on the fire grate 20 fall downwards in the vibration process of the fire grate 20 and enter an ash discharge hopper, and the ash residues are discharged through the ash discharge port 19; in the process that the swinging plate 32 swings upwards, the swinging plate 32 swings upwards to drive airflow to enter the furnace body 10, and air is supplemented into the furnace body 10, so that the garbage can be fully pyrolyzed and gasified, and the garbage in the furnace body 10 can keep a stable gasification temperature. The rotating shaft 23 can drive the cylindrical cam 27 to rotate in the rotating process, the cylindrical cam drives the curve groove 28 to rotate in the rotating process, and in the rotating process of the curve groove 28, because one end of the connecting rod 29, which is close to the inner wall of the furnace body 10, is hinged with the inner wall of the furnace body 10, the cylindrical cam 27 rotates to enable the connecting rod 29 to slide along the inner wall of the curve groove 28, in the sliding process of the connecting rod 29 along the inner wall of the curve groove 28, the connecting rod 29 swings up and down, and the connecting rod 29 swings up and down to push the garbage to move up and down, so that air can enter gaps among the garbage. In the process, the swinging plate 32 can drive the pushing rod 35 to move upwards to enter the gap of the fire grate 20 in the upward swinging process, so that ash residues in the gap of the fire grate 20 can be pushed to move, the pushing rod 35 can extrude blocky ash residues, the blocky ash residues are broken, and the ash residues can easily and smoothly fall into an ash hopper through the gap on the fire grate 20.
Waste gas is generated after gasification of garbage in the gasification furnace 2, the waste gas sequentially passes through the water-cooling heat exchanger and the air-cooling heat exchanger, the waste gas enters the cyclone dust collector 5 and the bag-type dust collector 6 to be dedusted, the dedusted waste gas enters the activated carbon adsorption tank 7 to adsorb toxic and harmful gas, the waste gas adsorbed by activated carbon enters the alkali liquor spray tower 8, and the waste gas adsorbed by alkali liquor is emptied.
The foregoing is merely an example of the present invention and common general knowledge of known specific structures and features of the embodiments is not described herein in any greater detail. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several changes and modifications can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicability of the patent.