CN109778674A - A kind of electrodeless adjustment clearance-type viscous damper and its application method - Google Patents

A kind of electrodeless adjustment clearance-type viscous damper and its application method Download PDF

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CN109778674A
CN109778674A CN201910080858.6A CN201910080858A CN109778674A CN 109778674 A CN109778674 A CN 109778674A CN 201910080858 A CN201910080858 A CN 201910080858A CN 109778674 A CN109778674 A CN 109778674A
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piston
piston rod
shell
fixed
throttling set
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CN201910080858.6A
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CN109778674B (en
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赵祺兴
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Fujian Jiuding Construction Engineering Co Ltd
Fujian Minqing Yijian Construction Development Co Ltd
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Abstract

The dissipative damping device field that external load causes vibration is resisted for bridge, building structure the present invention relates to a kind of, and in particular to arrive a kind of electrodeless adjustment clearance-type viscous damper and its application method.Including shell, it is provided with outer rim in shell and inner walls are slidingly sealed the piston of contact, piston rod left end is hinged and is connected to ear mount, the two sides up and down of piston rod right end are respectively and fixedly provided with otic placode, the taper hole parallel with piston rod there are two longitudinal center line is respectively provided with above and below piston rod on the piston of two sides, throttling set is provided in sliding slot, the throttling set of the left and right sides is connected by reversing mechanism, regulating device on the throttling set and piston rod on right side connects, and is provided with the positioning device positioned to regulating device on the otic placode above piston rod right end.The present invention can carry out the clearance-type viscous damper of electrodeless adjustment for different loads, adjust viscous liquid uninterrupted by the cooperation of taper hole and limiting block and generate different damping power, applied widely.

Description

A kind of electrodeless adjustment clearance-type viscous damper and its application method
Technical field
The dissipative damping device neck that external load causes vibration is resisted for bridge, building structure the present invention relates to a kind of Domain, and in particular to arrive a kind of electrodeless adjustment clearance-type viscous damper and its application method.
Background technique
In recent years, with the progress of structural vibration control technology, viscous damper technology is obtained in China's field of civil engineering Develop to attention and sufficiently.As a kind of excellent dissipative damping device, viscous damper is generally used for bridge earthquake resistance, high level In the vibration control of building and the aseismatic reinforcement engineering of building structure.Existing hole gap type viscous damper is usually by cylinder body, work The components such as plug, piston rod, viscous liquid, end cap, connector composition, its working principle is that under outer load action, piston rod band Piston moves in cylinder body, forces pressure fluid by hole on piston, and then generates damping force consumption s tructure vibrational energy, Its energy consumption effect and damp channel size have direct relation.But the viscous damper for now, researched and developed and produced in the market Single damping force generally can only be provided and be unable to satisfy in concrete engineering and provide the requirement of multi gear position damping force according to different loads, It is larger using limitation.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by the present invention lies in a kind of clearance-types that electrodeless adjustment can be carried out for different loads Viscous damper adjusts viscous liquid uninterrupted by the cooperation of taper hole and limiting block and generates different damping power.This Outside, the damper structure form is simple, easy for installation, and stability is good.
To achieve the goals above, present invention provide the technical scheme that
A kind of electrodeless adjustment clearance-type viscous damper, including shell, shell is interior to fill viscous liquid, is provided in shell Outer rim and inner walls are slidingly sealed the piston of contact, and the equal fixed seal connection in the left and right ends of shell has capping, the envelope on right side It covers and is fixed with connecting plate, lateral piston rod is fixed in piston, the left and right ends of piston rod pass through the capping of the left and right sides And hull outside is extended to, piston rod left end is hinged and is connected to ear mount, and the two sides up and down of piston rod right end are respectively and fixedly provided with otic placode, two ears Plate setting symmetrical above and below, piston rod outer rim are slidingly sealed with the capping of the left and right sides and contact, and piston rod is up and down on the piston of two sides It is respectively provided with the taper hole parallel with piston rod there are two longitudinal center line, two taper holes are symmetrical set and are connected, are connected Two taper holes run through piston, and the big opening end of two taper holes is located remotely from each other, and is offered on the piston rod at left and right sides of shell inner piston Sliding slot is provided with throttling set in sliding slot, and the throttling set of the left and right sides passes through reversing mechanism and connects, the throttling set on right side It is connect with the regulating device on piston rod, the positioning positioned to regulating device is provided on the otic placode above piston rod right end Device.
Specifically, the throttling set includes the motion bar being in sliding fit with the sliding chute, motion bar upper and lower ends are respectively and fixedly provided with One taper limiting block, the taper limiting block taper hole ipsilateral with it is concentric, and motion bar is connect with piston by second spring, and two is sliding Square hole is offered on piston rod between slot, square hole is connected to two sliding slots, is respectively and fixedly provided with square bar, square bar outer rim and square hole on motion bar Inner edge is slidingly sealed contact.
Specifically, the reversing mechanism includes upper rack and lower rack gear, the teeth of upper rack and lower rack gear are oppositely arranged, under Rack gear one end and upper rack one end are fixedly connected with the square bar of left and right sides throttling set respectively, between upper rack and lower rack gear In square hole rotation be provided with respectively with upper rack and lower rack gear meshed gears.
Specifically, the regulating device includes slot, slot is arranged in the piston rod on the right side of piston, slot and piston rod Concentric, slot runs through the piston rod on the right side of piston, and adjusting rod is provided in slot, is uniformly consolidated along its length on adjusting rod Surely there are multiple sealing-plugs, the outer rim of sealing-plug is slidingly sealed with the inner edge of slot and contacts, adjusting rod left end and right side throttling set Motion bar be fixedly connected, the groove being connected to slot is offered on the piston rod right end between two otic placodes, is provided in groove The nut being threadedly coupled with adjusting rod, shaft are rotatably dispose between two otic placodes, and shaft upper end passes through the otic placode of top, two ears Cam is fixed in shaft between plate, adjusting rod right end is contacted with cam outer rim.
Specifically, the positioning device includes fixed ring, fixed ring is fixed on the upper surface of top otic placode, and shaft passes through Fixed ring and the coaxial heart are provided with the change of the coaxial heart in the shaft above fixed ring, and change and shaft spline join It connects, according to its longitudinal center line is that benchmark line circumference uniform distribution is fixed with multiple screw die on change lower end surface, on fixed ring upper surface It is that benchmark line circumference uniform distribution offers multiple alveolus with screw die cooperation according to its longitudinal center line, screw die is located in alveolus, turns The left and right ends of ring are respectively and fixedly provided with the first lateral fixed link, and to be provided with perpendicular second solid for sliding in the first fixed link Fixed pole, is arranged with the lantern ring being rotatablely connected with it in fixed ring, and the second fixed link lower end passes through solid with lantern ring after the first fixed link Fixed connection, the second fixed link upper end is fixed with top plate, is arranged with first in the second fixed link between top plate and the first fixed link Spring.
Specifically, being respectively and fixedly provided with stop collar in piston rod outer rim on the outside of the sliding slot.
Specifically, being fixed with baffle between two otic placodes on the right side of the cam.
Specifically, the capping is bolted to connection with shell.
Specifically, the viscous liquid is the lesser dimethicone of viscosity-temperature coefficient.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the benefit that
The present invention, structural form is simple, easy for installation, and stability is good, can carry out electrodeless adjustment for different loads Clearance-type viscous damper adjusts viscous liquid uninterrupted by the cooperation of taper hole and limiting block and generates different damping Power, it is applied widely.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the enlarged drawing of a-quadrant in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the enlarged drawing of B area in Fig. 2.
Parts title in attached drawing are as follows:
1, shell, 2, capping, 3, bolt, 4, piston rod, 5, ear mount, 6, piston, 7, taper hole, 8, screw die, 9, motion bar, 10, limiting block, 11, stop collar, 12, sliding slot, 13, upper rack, 14, square hole, 15, gear, 16, square bar, 17, lower rack gear, 18, ear Plate, 19, baffle, 20, alveolus, 21, slot, 22, sealing-plug, 24, groove, 25, shaft, 26, cam, 27, fixed ring, 28, set Ring, 29, change, the 30, first fixed link, the 31, second fixed link, 32, top plate, the 33, first spring, 34, second spring, 35, spiral shell Mother, 36, connecting plate.
Specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1-3, a kind of electrodeless adjustment clearance-type viscous damper, including shell 1, the interior viscous liquid of filling of shell 1 Body, the viscous liquid are the lesser dimethicone of viscosity-temperature coefficient.It is provided with outer rim in shell 1 and the sliding of 1 inner wall of shell is close The piston 6 of sealing-in touching, the equal fixed seal connection in the left and right ends of shell 1 have capping 2, and the capping is solid by bolt 3 with shell 1 It is fixed to connect, it is fixed with connecting plate 36 in the capping 2 on right side, lateral piston rod 4, the left and right two of piston rod 4 are fixed in piston 6 It holds the capping 2 across the left and right sides and extends to outside shell 1,4 left end of piston rod is hinged and is connected to ear mount 5,4 right end of piston rod Upper and lower two sides are respectively and fixedly provided with otic placode 18, and the capping 2 of the setting symmetrical above and below of two otic placode 18,4 outer rim of piston rod and the left and right sides is slided It is in sealing contact, the taper hole 7 parallel with piston rod 4 there are two longitudinal center line is respectively provided on the piston 6 of about 4 two sides of piston rod, Two taper holes 7 are symmetrical set and are connected, and two taper holes 7 being connected run through piston 6, and the big opening end of two taper holes 7 is mutually remote Sliding slot 12,4 outer rim of piston rod in 12 outside of sliding slot are offered on piston rod 4 from 6 left and right sides of, 1 inner piston of shell On be respectively and fixedly provided with stop collar 11.Throttling set is provided in sliding slot 12, the throttling set of the left and right sides is connected by reversing mechanism It connects, the throttling set on right side is connect with the regulating device on piston rod 4, is provided on the otic placode 18 above 4 right end of piston rod pair The positioning device that regulating device is positioned.
The throttling set includes the motion bar 9 being slidably matched with sliding slot 12, and 9 upper and lower ends of motion bar are respectively and fixedly provided with a cone Shape limiting block 10, the taper hole 7 ipsilateral with it of taper limiting block 10 is concentric, and motion bar 9 is connected with piston 6 by second spring 34 It connects, square hole 14 is offered on the piston rod 4 between two sliding slots 12, square hole 14 is connected to two sliding slots 12, the side of being respectively and fixedly provided on motion bar 9 Bar 16,16 outer rim of square bar are slidingly sealed with 14 inner edge of square hole and contact.
The reversing mechanism includes upper rack 13 and lower rack gear 17, and the teeth of upper rack 13 and lower rack gear 17 are oppositely arranged, Lower 17 one end of rack gear and 13 one end of upper rack are fixedly connected with the square bar 16 of left and right sides throttling set respectively, and upper rack 13 is under In square hole 14 between rack gear 17 rotation be provided with respectively with 17 meshed gears 15 of upper rack 13 and lower rack gear.
The regulating device includes slot 21, and slot 21 is arranged in the piston rod 4 on 6 right side of piston, slot 21 and piston Bar 4 is concentric, and slot 21 is provided with adjusting rod 23 in slot 21 through the piston rod 4 on the right side of piston 6, along it on adjusting rod 23 Length direction is uniformly fixed with multiple sealing-plugs 22, and the outer rim of sealing-plug 22 is slidingly sealed with the inner edge of slot 21 to be contacted, sealing During plug 22 can prevent piston 6 from moving back and forth in shell 1, make after generating pressure to the viscous liquid in shell 1 Viscous liquid is obtained to flow out from slot 21.
23 left end of adjusting rod is fixedly connected with the motion bar 9 of right side throttling set, 4 right end of piston rod between two otic placodes 18 On offer the groove 24 being connected to slot 21, the nut 35 being threadedly coupled with adjusting rod 23, shaft 25 are provided in groove 24 It is rotatably dispose between two otic placodes 18,25 upper end of shaft passes through the otic placode 18 of top, consolidates in the shaft 25 between two otic placodes 18 Surely there is cam 26,23 right end of adjusting rod is contacted with 26 outer rim of cam, is fixed with gear between two otic placodes 18 on 26 right side of cam Plate 19 damages cam 26 when baffle 19 can prevent stabilizing member from connecting connecting plate 36.
The positioning device includes fixed ring 27, and fixed ring 27 is fixed on the upper surface of top otic placode 18, and shaft 25 is worn Fixed ring 27 and the coaxial heart are crossed, the change 29 of the coaxial heart, change 29 are provided in the shaft 25 of 27 top of fixed ring Couple with 25 spline of shaft, multiple screw die are fixed with for benchmark line circumference uniform distribution according to its longitudinal center line on 29 lower end surface of change 8, it according to its longitudinal center line is that benchmark line circumference uniform distribution offers multiple alveolus cooperated with screw die 8 on 27 upper surface of fixed ring 20, screw die 8 is located in alveolus 20, and the left and right ends of change 29 are respectively and fixedly provided with the first lateral fixed link 30, the first fixed link 30 On sliding be provided with the second perpendicular fixed link 31, the lantern ring 28 being rotatablely connected with it is arranged in fixed ring 27, the Two fixed links, 31 lower end is fixedly connected after passing through the first fixed link 30 with lantern ring 28, and 31 upper end of the second fixed link is fixed with top plate 32, the first spring 33 is arranged in the second fixed link 31 between top plate 32 and the first fixed link 30.
In use, ear mount 5 is connect with structure, connecting plate 36 is connect with stabilizing member, passes through tune according to external load needs The size of regulating device change present apparatus damping force.
Before adjusting, loose nut 35, when needing to increase the damping force of the present apparatus, passes through so that nut exits groove 24 First fixed link 30 moves upwards change 29, and the first spring 33 is compressed, after screw die 8 is exited out of alveolus 20, rotation Change 29, change 29 will make shaft 25 rotate, while lantern ring 28 rotates with it, and shaft 25 rotates cam 26, cam 26 distal end trend is contacted with 23 right end of adjusting rod, and adjusting rod 23 will be moved into shell 1, and adjusting rod 23 saves right side Stream device is close to piston 6, and under the mating reaction of upper rack 13, lower rack gear 17 and gear 15, the throttling set in left side is same Can be close to piston 6, second spring 34 be compressed, and the limiting block 10 of taper gradually enters in taper hole 7,10 outer rim of limiting block with Gap between 7 inner edge of taper hole becomes smaller, and the first fixed link 30 is loosened after regulating, under the action of the first 33 elastic force of spring, 29 downlink of change, after the screw die 8 on 29 lower end surface of change is dropped into again in the alveolus 20 on 27 upper surface of fixed ring, shaft 25 are stablized, and nut 35 is then turned, so that left side cell wall of the left side of nut 35 tight against groove 24, and then by adjusting rod 23 Stablized, when the back and forth movement in shell 1 of piston 6, the viscous liquid of 1 inner piston of shell, 6 or so two chamber because of pressure not Balance flows through lesser gap between 7 inner edge of 10 outer rim of limiting block and taper hole, so that biggish damping force is generated, 11 energy of stop collar Enough preventing piston 6, motion bar 9 and capping 2 generate impact when back and forth movement in shell 1, effectively protect throttling set and change To device.
When needing to reduce the damping force of the present apparatus, according to above-mentioned steps shaft 25 is rotated, and make cam 26 Proximal part trend is contacted with 23 right end of adjusting rod, and under the elastic force effect of second spring 34, right side throttling set will be far from living Plug 6, under the mating reaction of upper rack 13, lower rack gear 17 and gear 15, the throttling set in left side equally can be far from piston 6, cone The limiting block 10 of shape is gradually withdrawn into taper hole 7, and the gap between 7 inner edge of 10 outer rim of limiting block and taper hole becomes larger, when piston 6 exists In shell 1 when back and forth movement, the viscous liquid of 1 inner piston of shell, 6 or so two chamber flows through outside limiting block 10 because of pressure imbalance Biggish gap between 7 inner edge of edge and taper hole, to generate relatively small damping force.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention Made any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention within mind and principle.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of electrodeless adjustment clearance-type viscous damper, including shell (1), shell (1) is interior to fill viscous liquid, shell (1) It is inside provided with outer rim and shell (1) inner wall is slidingly sealed the piston (6) of contact, the equal fixing seal in the left and right ends of shell (1) connects It is connected to capping (2), is fixed with connecting plate (36) in the capping (2) on right side, which is characterized in that be fixed in piston (6) lateral The left and right ends of piston rod (4), piston rod (4) pass through the capping (2) of the left and right sides and extend to shell (1) outside, piston rod (4) left end is hinged and is connected to ear mount (5), and the two sides up and down of piston rod (4) right end are respectively and fixedly provided with otic placode (18), and two otic placodes (18) are up and down It is symmetrical arranged, piston rod (4) outer rim is slidingly sealed with the capping (2) of the left and right sides and contacts, the piston of piston rod (4) two sides up and down (6) taper hole (7) parallel with piston rod (4) there are two longitudinal center line is respectively provided on, two taper holes (7) are symmetrical set and phase Connection, two taper holes (7) being connected run through piston (6), and the big opening end of two taper holes (7) is located remotely from each other, shell (1) inner piston (6) it is offered sliding slot (12) on the piston rod (4) at left and right sides of, is provided with throttling set, the left and right sides in sliding slot (12) Throttling set connected by reversing mechanism, the throttling set on right side connect with the regulating device on piston rod (4), piston rod (4) positioning device positioned to regulating device is provided on the otic placode above right end (18).
2. a kind of electrodeless adjustment clearance-type viscous damper according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the throttling set packet The motion bar (9) being slidably matched with sliding slot (12) is included, motion bar (9) upper and lower ends are respectively and fixedly provided with a taper limiting block (10), bore Shape limiting block (10) taper hole (7) ipsilateral with it is concentric, and motion bar (9) is connect with piston (6) by second spring (34), and two It is offered square hole (14) on piston rod (4) between sliding slot (12), square hole (14) is connected to two sliding slots (12), on motion bar (9) It is fixed with square bar (16), square bar (16) outer rim is slidingly sealed with square hole (14) inner edge and contacts.
3. a kind of electrodeless adjustment clearance-type viscous damper according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the reversing mechanism packet Include upper rack (13) and lower rack gear (17), the teeth of upper rack (13) and lower rack gear (17) are oppositely arranged, lower rack gear (17) one end It is fixedly connected respectively with the square bar of left and right sides throttling set (16) with upper rack (13) one end, upper rack (13) and lower rack gear (17) in square hole (14) between rotation be provided with respectively with upper rack (13) and lower rack gear (17) meshed gears (15).
4. a kind of electrodeless adjustment clearance-type viscous damper according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the regulating device packet It including slot (21), in the piston rod (4) that slot (21) is arranged on the right side of piston (6), slot (21) and piston rod (4) are concentric, Piston rod (4) of the slot (21) on the right side of piston (6), slot (21) is interior to be provided with adjusting rod (23), edge on adjusting rod (23) Its length direction is uniformly fixed with multiple sealing-plugs (22), and the outer rim of sealing-plug (22) and the inner edge of slot (21) are slidingly sealed and connect Touching, adjusting rod (23) left end are fixedly connected with the motion bar (9) of right side throttling set, the piston rod (4) between two otic placodes (18) The groove (24) being connected to slot (21) is offered on right end, is provided with the spiral shell being threadedly coupled with adjusting rod (23) in groove (24) Female (35), shaft (25) are rotatably dispose between two otic placodes (18), and shaft (25) upper end passes through the otic placode (18) of top, two ears It is fixed with cam (26) in shaft (25) between plate (18), adjusting rod (23) right end is contacted with cam (26) outer rim.
5. a kind of electrodeless adjustment clearance-type viscous damper according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the positioning device packet It includes fixed ring (27), fixed ring (27) is fixed on the upper surface of top otic placode (18), and shaft (25) passes through fixed ring (27) simultaneously The coaxial heart, is provided with the change (29) of the coaxial heart in the shaft (25) above fixed ring (27), change (29) with turn Axis (25) spline couples, and is fixed with multiple screw die according to its longitudinal center line on change (29) lower end surface for benchmark line circumference uniform distribution It (8), is that benchmark line circumference uniform distribution offers multiple and screw die (8) cooperation according to its longitudinal center line on fixed ring (27) upper surface Alveolus (20), screw die (8) is located in alveolus (20), and the left and right ends of change (29) are respectively and fixedly provided with the first lateral fixed link (30), sliding is provided with perpendicular the second fixed link (31) in the first fixed link (30), and fixed ring is arranged on (27) The lantern ring (28) being rotatablely connected with it, the second fixed link (31) lower end, which passes through the first fixed link (30) and fixes afterwards with lantern ring (28), to be connected It connects, the second fixed link (31) upper end is fixed with top plate (32), the second fixed link between top plate (32) and the first fixed link (30) (31) the first spring (33) are arranged on.
6. a kind of electrodeless adjustment clearance-type viscous damper according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the sliding slot (12) is outside Stop collar (11) are respectively and fixedly provided in piston rod (4) outer rim of side.
7. a kind of electrodeless adjustment clearance-type viscous damper according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the cam (26) is right Baffle (19) are fixed between two otic placodes (18) of side.
8. a kind of electrodeless adjustment clearance-type viscous damper according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the capping and shell (1) it is fixedly connected by bolt (3).
9. a kind of electrodeless adjustment clearance-type viscous damper according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the viscous liquid is Dimethicone.
10. a kind of application method of electrodeless adjustment clearance-type viscous damper, which is characterized in that in use, by ear mount (5) and knot Structure connection, connecting plate (36) is connect with stabilizing member, is needed to change present apparatus damping force by regulating device according to external load Size,
Before adjusting, loose nut (35), so that nut exits groove (24) and passes through when needing to increase the damping force of the present apparatus First fixed link (30) moves upwards change (29), and the first spring (33) is compressed, when screw die (8) is moved back out of alveolus (20) It after out, rotates change (29), change (29) will make shaft (25) to rotate, while lantern ring (28) rotates with it, shaft (25) So that cam (26) rotates, the distal end trend of cam (26) is contacted with adjusting rod (23) right end, and adjusting rod (23) will be to shell Movement in body (1), adjusting rod (23) make right side throttling set close to piston (6), upper rack (13), lower rack gear (17) and Under the mating reaction of gear (15), the throttling set in left side can equally be compressed close to piston (6), second spring (34), taper Limiting block (10) gradually enter in taper hole (7), the gap between limiting block (10) outer rim and taper hole (7) inner edge becomes smaller, The first fixed link (30) are loosened after regulating, under the action of the first spring (33) elastic force, change (29) downlink works as change (29) after the screw die on lower end surface (8) is dropped into again in the alveolus (20) on fixed ring (27) upper surface, shaft (25) is steady It is fixed, nut (35) are then turned, so that left side cell wall of the left side of nut (35) tight against groove (24), and then by adjusting rod (23) stablized, when piston (6) is in shell (1) interior back and forth movement, shell (1) inner piston (6) controls the viscous of two chambers Liquid is because pressure imbalance flows through lesser gap between limiting block (10) outer rim and taper hole (7) inner edge, to generate biggish Damping force, stop collar (11) can prevent piston (6) motion bar (9) and capping (2) in shell (1) interior back and forth movement from generating punching It hits, effectively protects throttling set and reversing arrangement,
When needing to reduce the damping force of the present apparatus, according to above-mentioned steps shaft (25) are rotated, and make cam (26) Proximal part trend is contacted with adjusting rod (23) right end, and under the elastic force effect of second spring (34), right side throttling set will be remote From piston (6), under the mating reaction of upper rack (13), lower rack gear (17) and gear (15), the throttling set in left side equally can Far from piston (6), the limiting block (10) of taper is gradually withdrawn into taper hole (7), limiting block (10) outer rim and taper hole (7) inner edge it Between gap become larger, when piston (6) is in shell (1) interior back and forth movement, two chambers of shell (1) inner piston (6) left and right it is viscous Liquid is because pressure imbalance flows through biggish gap between limiting block (10) outer rim and taper hole (7) inner edge, to generate relatively Small damping force.
CN201910080858.6A 2019-01-28 2019-01-28 Stepless clearance adjusting type viscous damper and using method thereof Active CN109778674B (en)

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CN114593177A (en) * 2022-03-22 2022-06-07 河南理工大学 Nonlinear energy trap damping adjustment structure
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