CN109777630A - The method of preparing biodiesel by ester interchange - Google Patents
The method of preparing biodiesel by ester interchange Download PDFInfo
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- CN109777630A CN109777630A CN201711111543.0A CN201711111543A CN109777630A CN 109777630 A CN109777630 A CN 109777630A CN 201711111543 A CN201711111543 A CN 201711111543A CN 109777630 A CN109777630 A CN 109777630A
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
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Abstract
The step of the present invention relates to a kind of methods of preparing biodiesel by ester interchange, are included under the conditions of ester exchange reaction, and grease and short chain alcohol and ion-exchange resin catalyst contact；The ion-exchange resin catalyst has following structure general formula:Wherein,For gel-type nanocomposite resin matrix；M‑For anion, it is selected from trifluoromethanesulfonic acid radical ion, hydrogen sulfate ion, phosphoric acid hydrogen radical ion, tetrafluoroborate ion or hexafluorophosphoricacid acid ions；POSS is cage-type silsesquioxane unit；
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of methods of preparing biodiesel by ester interchange.
Background technique
With the continuous consumption of traditional fossil energy, people are for researching and developing environmentally protective, renewable new energy demand day
It is beneficial urgent.Conventional fossil fuel can generate sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and other a large amount of dust in combustion, to ecology
Environment causes great damage.And biodiesel is as a kind of green energy resource, compared with petrifaction diesel, have it is renewable, can biology
Degradation, waste discharge is low, Cetane number is high, flash-point is high, using it is safe the features such as.
The preparation method of biodiesel, which mainly has, directly to be used method, is used in mixed way method, microemulsion method, high-temperature cracking method and ester
Exchange process.At present industrially using it is more be ester-interchange method, it be with oil crops such as soybean, rape, cotton, palm etc., it is wild
The water plants such as oil generation tannin plant and engineering microalgae grease and animal fat, food garbage oil etc. are feedstock oil, with short chain alcohol
Fatty acid methyl Ester is made by transesterification or thermochemical processes, to replace petrifaction diesel.
Method used by preparing biodiesel by ester interchange is more, such as homogeneous acid-base method, Lipids Enzymatic, supercritical methanol technology and
Heterogeneous acid-base method etc..Traditional homogeneous acid-base catalysis method post-processes cumbersome, a large amount of three wastes of generation etc. there are equipment burn into and asks
Topic；Enzyme catalyst is since its is environmental-friendly by numerous concerns in Lipids Enzymatic, but the reaction time needed for enzymatic is longer, is easy
Inactivation, while its usage amount is larger, limits the extensive use of enzyme catalyst；Preparation of Biodiesel by Supercritical Method high conversion rate,
But high-temperature and high-pressure conditions are needed, equipment requirement is high and energy consumption is high；Although heterogeneous acid-base catalysis method catalyst recycling is convenient, also deposit
It is low in reactivity, there is certain limitation.Therefore environmental-friendly effective catalyst is developed as current research hotspot.
Acidic ion liquid is provided simultaneously with traditional liquid as a kind of novel environmentally friendly solvent and effective catalyst
The high density reaction active site of acid catalyst and the fixedness of solid acid, and because its molecular structure and acidity have and can design
Property, it is considered to be one of most promising green catalyst.But acidic ion liquid there is also viscosity big, at high cost, product/urge
Agent separation is inconvenient, makes it in the process of industrialization of catalysis biological diesel oil by biggish limitation.
Document CN201410442179.6 discloses a kind of preparation side of N- Methyl-N-alkyl film type ionic liquid
Method, catalyst of the ionic liquid as bio-oil and methanol preparing biodiesel by ester exchange, activity is high, and dosage is few, performance
Also more stable.It is 40 in methanol/soybean oil alcohol oil rate, temperature is 60 degree reaction 1 hour lower, and the yield of biodiesel is reachable
93.7%.
It is excellent that immobilized ionic liquid combines high activity and the easily separated, recycling of heterogeneous catalysis of homogeneous catalyst etc.
Point is a kind of novel green catalyst, has huge application potential in biodiesel synthesis field.
Document CN201510064336.9 discloses a kind of acidic ion liquid of biodiesel synthesis cultivation property catalyst admittedly,
The patent is solid by ionic liquid [2-MPYR-BS] [HSO4], [HMIM-BS] [HSO4] or [PYR-BS] [HSO4] using infusion process
It plants to introducing on the mesopore molecular sieve Al-MCM-41 of Al, solid cultivationization ionic-liquid catalyst is prepared, be used for transesterification legal system
Standby biodiesel.Using Al-MCM-41- [2-MPYR-BS] [HSO4] as catalyst, under certain alcohol oil rate, reacted at 150 DEG C
6 hours, the yield of biodiesel was up to 97.0%.Biodiesel is environmentally friendly without neutralizing washing, and catalyst is with excellent
Different catalytic activity, Yi Huishou.But by the type of cultivation admittedly ionic-liquid catalyst prepared by infusion process, there are still certain activity
Center losing issue, after which uses 5 times, the yield of biodiesel has fallen to 91.5%, and repeat performance is poor.
Document CN201710337145.4 discloses a kind of preparation method of biodiesel special solid base catalyst, utilizes
Polymer emulsion adsorbs saleratus, calcines through two steps, forms spongy porosu solid base catalyst, carrier is equal with effective component
For porous structure, although solving the easy blockage problem in catalyst duct made from traditional infusion process.But the repetition of the catalyst
Service performance is poor, and after 5 times are reused, the yield of biodiesel is reduced to 88.9% via 94.6%.
Admittedly the catalytic activity of cultivation type ionic-liquid catalyst depends not only on the performance of ionic liquid itself, load is additionally depended on
The various performances of body, such as heat resistance, solvent resistance, porosity etc..It can be seen that designing a kind of with high activity, repetition
The excellent biodiesel preparation of utility is of crucial importance with ester exchange catalyst.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of method of preparing biodiesel by ester interchange.The method includes in ester exchange reaction condition
Under, the step of grease and short chain alcohol and ion-exchange resin catalyst contact；The ion-exchange resin catalyst has following
General structure:
Wherein,For gel-type nanocomposite resin matrix；
M-For anion, it is selected from trifluoromethanesulfonic acid radical ion, hydrogen sulfate ion, phosphoric acid hydrogen radical ion, tetrafluoroborate
Ion or hexafluorophosphoricacid acid ions；
POSS is cage-type silsesquioxane unit, and general formula is (- SiO1.5)m；M is 6,8,10 or 12；
For glyoxaline cation unit；
Linking group of the R between POSS unit and glyoxaline cation unit, R are alkylidene or arylene；
The gel-type nanocomposite resin matrix is styrene monomer, comonomer and nano material through in-situ copolymerization
Obtained nanogel type copolymer；The nano material is selected from single-layer graphene, multi-layer graphene, graphene oxide, graphite
At least one of alkynes.
According to an aspect of the present invention, content of the POSS unit in the ion exchange resin is 5~15 weight %.
According to an aspect of the present invention, M-For trifluoromethanesulfonic acid radical ion.
According to an aspect of the present invention, alkylidene is selected from methylene, ethylidene or propylidene；Arylene is selected from sub- benzene
Base, naphthylene or sub- benzyl.
According to an aspect of the present invention, the styrene monomer is selected from styrene, α-methylstyrene or 4- butyl
At least one of styrene, optimization styrene.
According to an aspect of the present invention, the comonomer be selected from ethyleneglycol dimethyacrylate, diallyl benzene,
At least one of divinyl phenylmethane or divinylbenzene, preferably divinylbenzene.
According to an aspect of the present invention, the preferred multi-layer graphene of the nano material.
According to an aspect of the present invention, the dosage of styrene monomer is 85~95 parts, the dosage of comonomer is 2~
5 parts, the dosage of nano material is 0.1~3 part.
According to an aspect of the present invention, the grease is selected from any one of the vegetable and animals oils of fatty glyceride.
Such as the vegetable oil such as soybean oil, rapeseed oil, cottonseed oil or palm oil, the water plants grease such as wild plant oil plant, engineering microalgae,
And animal fat, food garbage oil etc..
According to an aspect of the present invention, the short chain alcohol is any in methanol, ethyl alcohol, propyl alcohol or butanol.
According to an aspect of the present invention, it is (10 that the ester exchange reaction condition, which includes: the molar ratio of short chain alcohol and grease,
~50): 1, catalyst amount is the 1~15% of raw oil material quality, and 40~180 DEG C of reaction temperature, the reaction time 1~24 is small
When.
The preparation method of heretofore described ion-exchange resin catalyst, comprising the following steps:
A) auxiliary agent is made into the water solution A that weight percent concentration is 0.5~2%, styrene monomer, copolymerization is single
Body, nano material, initiator wiring solution-forming B；Wherein, the styrene monomer is selected from styrene, α-methylstyrene or 4-
At least one of butylstyrene；The comonomer is selected from ethyleneglycol dimethyacrylate, diallyl benzene, divinyl
At least one of base phenylmethane or divinylbenzene；The nano material is selected from single-layer graphene, multi-layer graphene, oxidation
At least one of graphene, graphite alkene；The initiator is selected from benzoyl peroxide, azodiisobutyronitrile, peroxidating laurel
At least one of acyl or isopropyl benzene hydroperoxide；The auxiliary agent is selected from polyvinyl alcohol, gelatin, starch, methylcellulose, swelling
At least one of soil or calcium carbonate；Based on parts by weight, the dosage of styrene monomer is 85~95 parts, the dosage of comonomer
It is 2~5 parts, the dosage of nano material is 0.1~3 part, and the dosage of initiator is 0.1~10 part；The dosage of auxiliary agent is monomer use
The 150~400% of amount；
B) by solution B 60~75 DEG C prepolymerization 0.5~2.5 hour, solution B is mixed with solution A then, is warming up to 70
~90 DEG C are reacted 5~15 hours, then are warming up to 90~100 DEG C and are reacted 5~15 hours；After reaction, through extracting, washing, mistake
Filter, dry, sieving, obtain 0.35~0.60 millimeter of particle size range of composite gel microsphere；
C) make the composite gel microsphere chloromethylation: being added in composite gel microsphere and be equivalent to composite gel microsphere weight
The chloromethylation reagents of amount 200~500%, and it is equivalent to the zinc chloride catalyst of composite gel microsphere weight 20~70%,
It is reacted 8~30 hours at 30~60 DEG C, is filtered, washed to obtain plural gel chlorine ball；The chloromethylation reagents are selected from chlorine
At least one of methyl ether, dichloroethyl ether or Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-dichloro methyl butyl ether；
D) it by the plural gel chlorine ball, the mixture of imidazoles and acetonitrile, is reacted at 60~90 DEG C, obtains compound imidazoles
Microballoon；In the mixture, the molar ratio of plural gel chlorine ball, imidazoles and acetonitrile is 1:(1~2): (30~150)；
E) by the POSS compound of the compound imidazoles microballoon and halogenated alkyl according to imidazole functionalities and halogenated functional group
Equimolar mixing, is dissolved in tetrahydrofuran, 24~72 hours at 100 DEG C, filters after reaction, and washing obtains compound miaow
Azoles/POSS microballoon；The POSS compound of the halogenated alkyl is selected from eight chloromethyl POSS, eight chloroethyl POSS, eight chloropropyls
At least one of POSS；
F) the compound imidazoles/POSS microballoon brine, wherein compound imidazoles/POSS microballoon and salting liquid rub
You are than being (1:1)~(1:10)；The concentration of salting liquid is 0.1~1mol/L；It is washed with deionized after washing to pH=
7, obtain the ion exchange resin.The salting liquid is selected from trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (salt), disulfate, hydrophosphate, tetrafluoro boron
At least one of hydrochlorate or hexafluorophosphoric acid salting liquid.
Beneficial effects of the present invention: the ion-exchange resin catalyst in the present invention contains two different nano materials: receiving
Rice carbon material and cage-type silsesquioxane (Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes, abbreviation POSS).Nanometer
Carbon material and monomer, comonomer are introduced into resin matrix by in-situ polymerization under initiator effect, improve resin base
The glass transition temperature of body；Simultaneously because the introducing of nano-carbon material, increases the resistance to swelling energy of resin matrix.And POSS
Comprising the inorganic supporting structure being made of Si and O, the good heat resistance of ion exchange resin is imparted, thermal stability significantly mentions
It is high.
The preferred solution of the invention is total for the situ-gel type of the styrene of chloromethylation, divinylbenzene and multi-layer graphene
Copolymer resin matrix is reacted with imidazoles, obtains compound imidazoles microballoon, then passes through the POSS chemical combination of imidazole group and halogenated alkyl
Object reaction, finally carries out ion-exchange reactions with salting liquid again, and the gel type ionic containing two kinds of different nano materials is prepared
Exchanger resin.It is reacted by the in-situ copolymerization between graphene and monomer, comonomer and realizes graphene and polymeric matrix
Covalent bond, and realized between POSS and resin matrix by the chemical reaction of halogenated alkyl POSS compound and imidazole group
Combination.
The gel-type ion-exchange resin catalyst containing two kinds of different nano materials in the present invention is for grease and short chain
The ester exchange reaction of alcohol, has the advantage that
(1) catalyst prepared by is used for preparing biodiesel by ester interchange, and catalytic activity is high；
(2) catalyst easily recycles, and stability is good, reusable.
The present invention will be further described below by way of examples, it should be noted however that protection model of the invention
It encloses not that this is limited by this, but is determined by the appended claims.
It should be strongly noted that two or more aspects (or embodiment) disclosed in the context of the present specification
Any combination, the technical solution formed therefrom it can belong to a part of this specification original disclosure each other, while
It falls under the scope of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The preparation of [embodiment 1] ion-exchange resin catalyst
47.0 grams of styrene, 2.3 grams of divinylbenzenes and 1.6 grams of benzoyl peroxide first are added in 500 milliliters of three-necked flasks
Acyl initiator is stirred to react 2.0 hours at 60 DEG C；Then 0.6 gram of multi-layer graphene is added, continues to carry out for stirring 1 hour pre-
Polymerization.The 260 ml deionized water solution for being dissolved with 2.0 grams of gelatin are added.Mixing speed is adjusted, while being gradually warming up to 80
DEG C, it reacts 5 hours；It is warming up to 90 DEG C again, reacts 5 hours, is finally warming up to 98 DEG C, reacts 6 hours.After reaction, topple over
Supernatant liquid out is washed with 85 DEG C of hot water, then is washed with cold water, is then filtered, and is put into 80 DEG C of drying in baking oven, is sieved, collects
Composite gel microsphere A1 of the partial size within the scope of 0.35~0.60mm.
Composite gel microsphere chloromethylation: in the three-necked flask of 500ml, be added 40 grams of composite gel microsphere A1 and
250ml chloromethyl ether is stored at room temperature 3 hours, starts to stir, and it is catalyst that 10 grams of zinc chloride, which are added, and it is small to be warming up to 60 DEG C of reactions 10
When, it is cooled to room temperature after chloromethylation, filters out chlorination mother solution, washed repeatedly with methanol, dry 8 hours, obtain at 100 DEG C
To plural gel chlorine ball A1.
30 grams of plural gel chlorine ball A1 (chlorinity is 3.4mmol Cl/g), imidazoles are added in 500ml there-necked flask
(102.0mmol) and 200ml acetonitrile, reacts 24 hours at 60 DEG C, are cooled to room temperature, and filter, successively use ethyl acetate,
The HCl of 0.1mol/L, deionized water, methanol washing, then 60 DEG C of vacuum bakings obtain compound imidazoles microballoon A1 in 24 hours.
In 500ml three-necked flask, the compound imidazoles microballoon A1 of 30 grams of addition (imidazole group content is 3.1mmol/g), 9.8
Gram eight chloromethyl silsesquioxanes and 300ml tetrahydrofuran filter after reaction 24 hours at 100 DEG C, with tetrahydro furan
Mutter, deionized water is successively washed, obtain compound imidazoles/POSS microballoon A1.
In 1000ml three-necked flask, it is 0.1mol/L's that 30 grams of compound imidazoles/POSS microballoon A1,500ml concentration, which is added,
Progress ion-exchange reactions 24 hours is stirred at room temperature in the deionized water solution of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid lithium；Then it is washed with deionized water
It washs until washing lotion pH=7, obtains the ion-exchange resin catalyst of the different nano materials of of the invention two kinds, note after vacuum drying
For Cat-A1, wherein POSS unit content is 9.6%, and structural formula is as follows:
The preparation of [embodiment 2] ion-exchange resin catalyst
In 500 milliliters of three-necked flasks be added containing initiator monomer mixture solution (60.0 grams of styrene, 1.0 grams
Divinylbenzene, 1.6 grams of multi-layer graphenes and 1.0 grams of benzoyl peroxides, the solution are stirred to react 0.5 hour prior to 70 DEG C),
Blender is started, the mixed solution of 200 ml deionized waters and 4 grams of polyvinyl alcohol is added, is warming up to 85 DEG C, is reacted 3 hours, then
90 DEG C are warming up to, is reacted 9 hours, is finally warming up to 100 DEG C, is reacted 10 hours.After reaction, supernatant liquid is poured out, uses
85 DEG C of hot water washing, then washed with cold water, is then filtered, and is put into 80 DEG C of drying in baking oven, sieving, collection cut size 0.35~
Composite gel microsphere B1 within the scope of 0.60 millimeter.
The chloromethylation of complex microsphere: in 500 milliliters of three-necked flask, 50 grams of complex microsphere B1 and 200 milliliters are added
Dichloroethyl ether is stored at room temperature 6 hours, and it is catalyst that 30 grams of zinc chloride, which are added, starts to stir, and is warming up to 50 DEG C and is reacted 30 hours, chlorine
It is cooled to room temperature after methylation, filters out chlorination mother solution, washed repeatedly with methanol, dried 8 hours, answered at 100 DEG C
Close gel chlorine ball B1.
50 grams of plural gel chlorine ball B1 (chlorinity is 4.6mmol Cl/g), imidazoles are added in 500ml there-necked flask
(230.0mmol) and 300ml acetonitrile, reacts 16 hours at 80 DEG C, are cooled to room temperature, and filter, successively use ethyl acetate,
The HCl of 0.1mol/L, deionized water, methanol washing, then 60 DEG C of vacuum bakings obtain compound imidazoles microballoon B1 in 24 hours.
In 1000ml three-necked flask, 50 grams of compound imidazoles microballoon B1 (imidazole group content is 4.0mmol/g) are added,
21.0 gram of eight chloromethyl silsesquioxane and 500ml tetrahydrofuran filter after reaction 72 hours at 100 DEG C, with four
Hydrogen furans, deionized water are successively washed, and compound imidazoles/POSS microballoon B1 is obtained.
In 1000ml three-necked flask, it is 1.0mol/L's that 40 grams of compound imidazoles/POSS microballoon B1,400ml concentration, which is added,
Progress ion-exchange reactions 24 hours is stirred at room temperature in the deionized water solution of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid lithium；Then it is washed with deionized water
It washs until washing lotion pH=7, obtains the ion-exchange resin catalyst of the different nano materials of of the invention two kinds, note after vacuum drying
For Cat-B1, wherein POSS unit content is 11.2%, and structural formula is as follows:
The preparation of [embodiment 3] ion-exchange resin catalyst
In 500 milliliters of three-necked flasks be added containing initiator monomer mixture solution (42.5 grams of styrene, 2.5 grams
Divinylbenzene, 0.1 gram of multi-layer graphene and 2.0 grams of benzoyl peroxides, the solution are stirred to react 1.5 hours prior to 70 DEG C),
The mixed solution of 200 ml deionized waters and 4 grams of polyvinyl alcohol is added, is warming up to 85 DEG C, reacts 3 hours, then be warming up to 90 DEG C,
Reaction 9 hours is finally warming up to 100 DEG C, reacts 10 hours.After reaction, supernatant liquid is poured out, with 85 DEG C of hot water wash
It washs, then is washed with cold water, then filtered, be put into 80 DEG C of drying in baking oven, sieving, collection cut size is in 0.35~0.60 millimeter of range
Interior composite gel microsphere C1.
The chloromethylation of complex microsphere: in 250 milliliters of three-necked flask, 20 grams of complex microsphere C1 and 100 milliliters are added
Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-dichloro methyl butyl ether is stored at room temperature 6 hours, and it is catalyst that 8 grams of zinc chloride, which are added, starts to stir, and is warming up to 30 DEG C instead
It answers 24 hours, is cooled to room temperature after chloromethylation, filters out chlorination mother solution, washed repeatedly with methanol, dry 8 at 100 DEG C
Hour, obtain plural gel chlorine ball C1.
20 grams of plural gel chlorine ball C1 (chlorinity is 1.5mmol Cl/g), imidazoles are added in 250ml there-necked flask
(30.0mmol) and 150ml acetonitrile, reacts 16 hours at 90 DEG C, are cooled to room temperature, and filter, successively use ethyl acetate,
The HCl of 0.1mol/L, deionized water, methanol washing, then 60 DEG C of vacuum bakings obtain compound imidazoles microballoon C1 in 24 hours.
In 250ml three-necked flask, the compound imidazoles microballoon C1 of 20 grams of addition (imidazole group content is 1.4mmol/g), 3.4
Gram eight chloroethyl silsesquioxanes and 150ml tetrahydrofuran filter after reaction 72 hours at 100 DEG C, with tetrahydro furan
Mutter, deionized water is successively washed, obtain compound imidazoles/POSS microballoon C1.
In 500ml three-necked flask, three that 20 grams of compound imidazoles/POSS microballoon C1,300ml concentration is 0.5mol/L are added
Progress ion-exchange reactions 24 hours is stirred at room temperature in the deionized water solution of fluorine methanesulfonic acid lithium；Then it is washed with deionized
Until washing lotion pH=7, obtains the ion-exchange resin catalyst of the different nano materials of of the invention two kinds, is denoted as after vacuum drying
Cat-C1, wherein POSS unit content is 5.6%, and structural formula is as follows:
The preparation of [embodiment 4] ion-exchange resin catalyst
47.0 grams of styrene, 2.3 grams of divinylbenzenes and 1.6 grams of benzoyl peroxide first are added in 500 milliliters of three-necked flasks
Acyl initiator is stirred to react 2.0 hours at 60 DEG C；Then 0.6 gram of single-layer graphene is added, continues to carry out for stirring 1 hour pre-
Polymerization.The 260 ml deionized water solution for being dissolved with 2.0 grams of gelatin are added.Mixing speed is adjusted, while being gradually warming up to 80
DEG C, it reacts 5 hours；It is warming up to 90 DEG C again, reacts 5 hours, is finally warming up to 98 DEG C, reacts 6 hours.After reaction, topple over
Supernatant liquid out is washed with 85 DEG C of hot water, then is washed with cold water, is then filtered, and is put into 80 DEG C of drying in baking oven, is sieved, collects
Composite gel microsphere A2 of the partial size within the scope of 0.35~0.60mm.
Composite gel microsphere chloromethylation: in the three-necked flask of 500ml, be added 40 grams of composite gel microsphere A2 and
250ml chloromethyl ether is stored at room temperature 3 hours, starts to stir, and it is catalyst that 10 grams of zinc chloride, which are added, and it is small to be warming up to 60 DEG C of reactions 10
When, it is cooled to room temperature after chloromethylation, filters out chlorination mother solution, washed repeatedly with methanol, dry 8 hours, obtain at 100 DEG C
To plural gel chlorine ball A2.
30 grams of plural gel chlorine ball A2 (chlorinity is 3.6mmol Cl/g), imidazoles are added in 500ml there-necked flask
(108.0mmol) and 200ml acetonitrile, reacts 24 hours at 60 DEG C, are cooled to room temperature, and filter, successively use ethyl acetate,
The HCl of 0.1mol/L, deionized water, methanol washing, then 60 DEG C of vacuum bakings obtain compound imidazoles microballoon A2 in 24 hours.
In 500ml three-necked flask, 30 grams of compound imidazoles microballoon A2 (imidazole group content is 3.2mmol/g) are added,
10.1 gram of eight chloromethyl silsesquioxane and 300ml tetrahydrofuran filter after reaction 24 hours at 100 DEG C, with four
Hydrogen furans, deionized water are successively washed, and compound imidazoles/POSS microballoon A2 is obtained.
In 1000ml three-necked flask, it is 0.1mol/L's that 30 grams of compound imidazoles/POSS microballoon A2,500ml concentration, which is added,
Progress ion-exchange reactions 24 hours is stirred at room temperature in the deionized water solution of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid lithium；Then it is washed with deionized water
It washs until washing lotion pH=7, obtains the ion-exchange resin catalyst of the different nano materials of of the invention two kinds, note after vacuum drying
For Cat-A2, wherein POSS unit content is 9.9%, and structural formula is as follows:
The preparation of [embodiment 5] ion-exchange resin catalyst
In 500 milliliters of three-necked flasks be added containing initiator monomer mixture solution (60.0 grams of styrene, 1.0 grams
Divinylbenzene, 1.6 grams of single-layer graphenes and 1.0 grams of benzoyl peroxides, the solution are stirred to react 0.5 hour prior to 70 DEG C),
Blender is started, the mixed solution of 200 ml deionized waters and 4 grams of polyvinyl alcohol is added, is warming up to 85 DEG C, is reacted 3 hours, then
90 DEG C are warming up to, is reacted 9 hours, is finally warming up to 100 DEG C, is reacted 10 hours.After reaction, supernatant liquid is poured out, uses
85 DEG C of hot water washing, then washed with cold water, is then filtered, and is put into 80 DEG C of drying in baking oven, sieving, collection cut size 0.35~
Composite gel microsphere B2 within the scope of 0.60 millimeter.
The chloromethylation of complex microsphere: in 500 milliliters of three-necked flask, 50 grams of complex microsphere B2 and 200 milliliters are added
Dichloroethyl ether is stored at room temperature 6 hours, and it is catalyst that 30 grams of zinc chloride, which are added, starts to stir, and is warming up to 50 DEG C and is reacted 30 hours, chlorine
It is cooled to room temperature after methylation, filters out chlorination mother solution, washed repeatedly with methanol, dried 8 hours, answered at 100 DEG C
Close gel chlorine ball B2.
50 grams of plural gel chlorine ball B2 (chlorinity is 4.7mmol Cl/g), imidazoles are added in 500ml there-necked flask
(235.0mmol) and 300ml acetonitrile, reacts 16 hours at 80 DEG C, are cooled to room temperature, and filter, successively use ethyl acetate,
The HCl of 0.1mol/L, deionized water, methanol washing, then 60 DEG C of vacuum bakings obtain compound imidazoles microballoon B2 in 24 hours.
In 1000ml three-necked flask, 50 grams of compound imidazoles microballoon B2 (imidazole group content is 4.1mmol/g) are added,
21.6 gram of eight chloromethyl silsesquioxane and 500ml tetrahydrofuran filter after reaction 72 hours at 100 DEG C, with four
Hydrogen furans, deionized water are successively washed, and compound imidazoles/POSS microballoon B2 is obtained.
In 1000ml three-necked flask, it is 1.0mol/L's that 40 grams of compound imidazoles/POSS microballoon B2,400ml concentration, which is added,
Progress ion-exchange reactions 24 hours is stirred at room temperature in the deionized water solution of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid lithium；Then it is washed with deionized water
It washs until washing lotion pH=7, obtains the ion-exchange resin catalyst of the different nano materials of of the invention two kinds, note after vacuum drying
For Cat-B2, wherein POSS unit content is 11.3%, and structural formula is as follows:
The preparation of [embodiment 6] ion-exchange resin catalyst
In 500 milliliters of three-necked flasks be added containing initiator monomer mixture solution (42.5 grams of styrene, 2.5 grams
Divinylbenzene, 0.1 gram of single-layer graphene and 2.0 grams of benzoyl peroxides, the solution are stirred to react 1.5 hours prior to 70 DEG C),
The mixed solution of 200 ml deionized waters and 4 grams of polyvinyl alcohol is added, is warming up to 85 DEG C, reacts 3 hours, then be warming up to 90 DEG C,
Reaction 9 hours is finally warming up to 100 DEG C, reacts 10 hours.After reaction, supernatant liquid is poured out, with 85 DEG C of hot water wash
It washs, then is washed with cold water, then filtered, be put into 80 DEG C of drying in baking oven, sieving, collection cut size is in 0.35~0.60 millimeter of range
Interior composite gel microsphere C2.
The chloromethylation of complex microsphere: in 250 milliliters of three-necked flask, 20 grams of complex microsphere C2 and 100 milliliters are added
Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-dichloro methyl butyl ether is stored at room temperature 6 hours, and it is catalyst that 8 grams of zinc chloride, which are added, starts to stir, and is warming up to 30 DEG C instead
It answers 24 hours, is cooled to room temperature after chloromethylation, filters out chlorination mother solution, washed repeatedly with methanol, dry 8 at 100 DEG C
Hour, obtain plural gel chlorine ball C2.
20 grams of plural gel chlorine ball C2 (chlorinity is 1.6mmol Cl/g), imidazoles are added in 250ml there-necked flask
(32.0mmol) and 150ml acetonitrile, reacts 16 hours at 90 DEG C, are cooled to room temperature, and filter, successively use ethyl acetate,
The HCl of 0.1mol/L, deionized water, methanol washing, then 60 DEG C of vacuum bakings obtain compound imidazoles microballoon C2 in 24 hours.
In 250ml three-necked flask, the compound imidazoles microballoon C2 of 20 grams of addition (imidazole group content is 1.5mmol/g), 3.6
Gram eight chloroethyl silsesquioxanes and 150ml tetrahydrofuran filter after reaction 72 hours at 100 DEG C, with tetrahydro furan
Mutter, deionized water is successively washed, obtain compound imidazoles/POSS microballoon C2.
In 500ml three-necked flask, three that 20 grams of compound imidazoles/POSS microballoon C2,300ml concentration is 0.5mol/L are added
Progress ion-exchange reactions 24 hours is stirred at room temperature in the deionized water solution of fluorine methanesulfonic acid lithium；Then it is washed with deionized
Until washing lotion pH=7, obtains the ion-exchange resin catalyst of the different nano materials of of the invention two kinds, is denoted as after vacuum drying
Cat-C2, wherein POSS unit content is 5.9%, and structural formula is as follows:
The preparation of [comparative example 1] comparative catalyst
Nano material is not added prepares gel micro-ball: 47.0 grams of styrene of addition in 500 milliliters of three-necked flasks, 2.3 grams
Divinylbenzene and 1.6 grams of benzoyl peroxide initiators.260 ml deionized waters that addition has been dissolved with 2.0 grams of gelatin are molten
Liquid.Mixing speed is adjusted, is stirred 2 hours.It is stirred to react at 60 DEG C 2.0 hours, is then gradually warming up to 80 DEG C, reaction 5 is small
When；It is warming up to 90 DEG C again, reacts 5 hours, is finally warming up to 98 DEG C, reacts 6 hours.After reaction, supernatant liquid is poured out,
Washed with 85 DEG C of hot water, then washed with cold water, then filtered, be put into baking oven 80 DEG C of drying, sieving, collection cut size 0.35~
Gel micro-ball DZ-1 within the scope of 0.60mm.
Gel micro-ball chloromethylation: in the three-necked flask of 500ml, 40 grams of gel micro-ball DZ-1 and 250ml chloromethanes are added
Ether is stored at room temperature 3 hours, starts to stir, and it is catalyst that 10 grams of zinc chloride, which are added, is warming up to 60 DEG C and reacts 10 hours, chloromethyl
It is cooled to room temperature after change, filters out chlorination mother solution, washed repeatedly with methanol, dried 8 hours at 100 DEG C, obtain gel chlorine
Ball DZ-1.
Halogenated alkyl POSS compound is not used: 30 grams of gel chlorine ball DZ-1 (chlorinities being added in 500ml there-necked flask
For 3.3mmol Cl/g), N- methylimidazole (99.0mmol) and 200ml acetonitrile, is reacted 24 hours at 60 DEG C, be cooled to room
Temperature, filtering, is successively washed with ethyl acetate, the HCl of 0.1mol/L, deionized water, methanol, is then dried 24 hours for 60 DEG C of vacuum
To imidazoles microballoon DZ-1.
In 1000ml three-necked flask, the trifluoro methylsulphur that 30 grams of imidazoles microballoon DZ-1,500ml concentration are 0.1mol/L is added
Progress ion-exchange reactions 24 hours is stirred at room temperature in the deionized water solution of sour lithium；It is then washed with deionized until washing
Liquid pH=7 obtains ion-exchange resin catalyst after vacuum drying, is denoted as Cat-DZ-1:
The preparation of [comparative example 2] comparative catalyst
47.0 grams of styrene, 2.3 grams of divinylbenzenes and 1.6 grams of benzoyl peroxide first are added in 500 milliliters of three-necked flasks
Acyl initiator is stirred to react 2.0 hours at 60 DEG C；Then 0.6 gram of multi-layer graphene is added, continues to carry out for stirring 1 hour pre-
Polymerization.The 260 ml deionized water solution for being dissolved with 2.0 grams of gelatin are added.Mixing speed is adjusted, while being gradually warming up to 80
DEG C, it reacts 5 hours；It is warming up to 90 DEG C again, reacts 5 hours, is finally warming up to 98 DEG C, reacts 6 hours.After reaction, topple over
Supernatant liquid out is washed with 85 DEG C of hot water, then is washed with cold water, is then filtered, and is put into 80 DEG C of drying in baking oven, is sieved, collects
Composite gel microsphere DZ-2 of the partial size within the scope of 0.35~0.60mm.
Composite gel microsphere chloromethylation: in the three-necked flask of 500ml, be added 40 grams of composite gel microsphere DZ-2 and
250ml chloromethyl ether is stored at room temperature 3 hours, starts to stir, and it is catalyst that 10 grams of zinc chloride, which are added, and it is small to be warming up to 60 DEG C of reactions 10
When, it is cooled to room temperature after chloromethylation, filters out chlorination mother solution, washed repeatedly with methanol, dry 8 hours, obtain at 100 DEG C
To plural gel chlorine ball DZ-2.
Halogenated alkyl POSS compound is not used: 30 grams of plural gel chlorine ball DZ-2 (chlorine being added in 500ml there-necked flask
Content is 3.4mmol Cl/g), N- methylimidazole (102.0mmol) and 200ml acetonitrile, is reacted 24 hours at 60 DEG C, cooling
To room temperature, filtering is successively washed with ethyl acetate, the HCl of 0.1mol/L, deionized water, methanol, and then 60 DEG C of vacuum bakings 24 are small
When obtain compound imidazoles microballoon DZ-2.
In 1000ml three-necked flask, the trifluoro that 30 grams of compound imidazoles microballoon DZ-2,500ml concentration are 0.1mol/L is added
Progress ion-exchange reactions 24 hours is stirred at room temperature in the deionized water solution of methanesulfonic acid lithium；It is then washed with deionized straight
To washing lotion pH=7, ion-exchange resin catalyst is obtained after vacuum drying, is denoted as Cat-DZ-2:
The preparation of [comparative example 3] comparative catalyst
Nano material is not added prepares gel micro-ball: 47.0 grams of styrene of addition in 500 milliliters of three-necked flasks, 2.3 grams
Divinylbenzene and 1.6 grams of benzoyl peroxide initiators.260 ml deionized waters that addition has been dissolved with 2.0 grams of gelatin are molten
Liquid.Mixing speed is adjusted, is stirred 2 hours.It is stirred to react at 60 DEG C 2.0 hours, is then gradually warming up to 80 DEG C, reaction 5 is small
When；It is warming up to 90 DEG C again, reacts 5 hours, is finally warming up to 98 DEG C, reacts 6 hours.After reaction, supernatant liquid is poured out,
Washed with 85 DEG C of hot water, then washed with cold water, then filtered, be put into baking oven 80 DEG C of drying, sieving, collection cut size 0.35~
Gel micro-ball DZ-3 within the scope of 0.60mm.
Gel micro-ball chloromethylation: in the three-necked flask of 500ml, 40 grams of gel micro-ball DZ-3 and 250ml chloromethanes are added
Ether is stored at room temperature 3 hours, starts to stir, and it is catalyst that 10 grams of zinc chloride, which are added, is warming up to 60 DEG C and reacts 10 hours, chloromethyl
It is cooled to room temperature after change, filters out chlorination mother solution, washed repeatedly with methanol, dried 8 hours at 100 DEG C, obtain gel chlorine
Ball DZ-3.
30 grams of gel chlorine ball DZ-3 (chlorinity is 3.3mmol Cl/g), imidazoles are added in 500ml there-necked flask
(99.0mmol) and 200ml acetonitrile, reacts 24 hours at 60 DEG C, are cooled to room temperature, and filter, successively use ethyl acetate,
The HCl of 0.1mol/L, deionized water, methanol washing, then 60 DEG C of vacuum bakings obtain imidazoles microballoon DZ-3 in 24 hours.
In 500ml three-necked flask, it is added 30 grams of imidazoles microballoon DZ-3 (imidazole group content is 3.1mmol/g), 9.8 grams
Eight chloromethyl silsesquioxanes and 300ml tetrahydrofuran filter after reaction 24 hours at 100 DEG C, with tetrahydro furan
Mutter, deionized water is successively washed, obtain imidazoles/POSS microballoon DZ-3.
In 1000ml three-necked flask, three that 30 grams of imidazoles/POSS microballoon DZ-3,500ml concentration is 0.1mol/L are added
Progress ion-exchange reactions 24 hours is stirred at room temperature in the deionized water solution of fluorine methanesulfonic acid lithium；Then it is washed with deionized
Until washing lotion pH=7, obtains ion-exchange resin catalyst after vacuum drying, is denoted as Cat-DZ-3:
[embodiment 7] catalytic applications
The ion-exchange resin catalyst of [embodiment 1] preparation is used for the ester exchange reaction of grease and short chain alcohol, reaction
Condition is as follows: under inert gas protection, soybean oil and methanol being added in autoclave according to the molar ratio of 40:1, then
The 5% catalyst Cat-A1 that quality is soybean oil quality is added, 100 DEG C of reaction temperature are reacted 6 hours.It samples after reaction
Analysis measurement is carried out, the yield for measuring biodiesel is 94.2% (using the yield of fatty acid methyl ester as index).
[embodiment 8~14] catalytic applications
Change used in resin catalyst, and reaction temperature and time, remaining reaction condition all with [embodiment 7]
It is identical, the ester exchange reaction of grease and short chain alcohol is carried out, obtained reaction result is shown in Table 1.
Table 1
[embodiment 15] catalytic applications
Catalyst Cat-A1 used in [embodiment 7] is filtered, is washed, it is dry, then according to the anti-of [embodiment 7]
Step and reaction condition are answered, the ester exchange reaction of grease and short chain alcohol is catalyzed, obtains catalyst circulation using 2 times as a result, seeing
Table 2.The rest may be inferred, carries out the catalysis that cycle-index is 3~5 times respectively and reacts, the results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2
| Cycle-index | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Biodiesel yield/% | 94.1 | 94.2 | 94.0 | 94.1 |
[comparative example 4-6] catalytic applications
The ion-exchange resin catalyst of [comparative example 1-3] preparation is used for the ester exchange reaction of grease and short chain alcohol.Instead
It answers condition as follows: under inert gas protection, soybean oil and methanol being added in autoclave according to the molar ratio of 40:1, with
5% comparative catalyst that quality is soybean oil quality is added afterwards, 100 DEG C of reaction temperature are reacted 6 hours.It samples after reaction
Analysis measurement is carried out, reaction result is as shown in table 3.
Table 3
[comparative example 7] catalytic applications
By catalyst filtration used in [comparative example 4-6], wash, it is dry, then according to the reaction of [comparative example 4-6]
Step and reaction condition are catalyzed the ester exchange reaction of grease and short chain alcohol, obtain catalyst circulation using 2 times as a result, being shown in Table
4.The rest may be inferred, carries out the catalysis that cycle-index is 3~5 times respectively and reacts, the results are shown in Table 4.
Table 4
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method of preparing biodiesel by ester interchange, is included under the conditions of ester exchange reaction, grease and short chain alcohol with from
The step of sub-exchange resin catalyst contacts；The ion-exchange resin catalyst has following structure general formula:
Wherein,For gel-type nanocomposite resin matrix；
M-For anion, selected from trifluoromethanesulfonic acid radical ion, hydrogen sulfate ion, phosphoric acid hydrogen radical ion, tetrafluoroborate ion or
Hexafluorophosphoricacid acid ions；
POSS is cage-type silsesquioxane unit, and general formula is (- SiO1.5)m；M is 6,8,10 or 12；
For glyoxaline cation unit；
Linking group of the R between POSS unit and glyoxaline cation unit, R are alkylidene or arylene；
The gel-type nanocomposite resin matrix is that styrene monomer, comonomer and nano material are obtained through in-situ copolymerization
Nanogel type copolymer；The nano material is in single-layer graphene, multi-layer graphene, graphene oxide, graphite alkene
At least one.
2. the method for preparing biodiesel by ester interchange according to claim 1, which is characterized in that POSS unit it is described from
Content in sub-exchange resin catalyst is 5~15 weight %.
3. the method for preparing biodiesel by ester interchange according to claim 1, which is characterized in that M- is trifluoromethanesulfonic acid root
Ion.
4. the method for preparing biodiesel by ester interchange according to claim 1, which is characterized in that alkylidene is selected from methylene
Base, ethylidene or propylidene；Arylene is selected from phenylene, naphthylene or sub- benzyl.
5. the method for preparing biodiesel by ester interchange according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the styrene monomer
Selected from least one of styrene, α-methylstyrene or 4- butylstyrene；
The comonomer is selected from ethyleneglycol dimethyacrylate, diallyl benzene, divinyl phenylmethane or divinyl
At least one of base benzene.
6. the method for preparing biodiesel by ester interchange according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the styrene monomer
Selected from styrene；The comonomer is selected from divinylbenzene.
7. the method for preparing biodiesel by ester interchange according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the nano material is selected from
Multi-layer graphene.
8. the method for preparing biodiesel by ester interchange according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the use of styrene monomer
Amount is 85~95 parts, and the dosage of comonomer is 2~5 parts, and the dosage of nano material is 0.1~3 part.
9. the method for preparing biodiesel by ester interchange according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the grease is selected from fat
Any one of vegetable and animals oils of acid glyceride；The short chain alcohol is any in methanol, ethyl alcohol, propyl alcohol or butanol.
10. the method for preparing biodiesel by ester interchange according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the ester exchange reaction
Condition includes: that the molar ratio of short chain alcohol and grease is (10~50): 1, catalyst amount is the 1~15% of raw oil material quality,
40~180 DEG C of reaction temperature, the reaction time 1~24 hour.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101418225A (en) * | 2007-10-23 | 2009-04-29 | 北京化工大学 | Method for preparing biodiesel by using supported solid acid combining cosolvent |
| CN103664583A (en) * | 2013-12-04 | 2014-03-26 | 河北工程大学 | Method for preparing biodiesel by gemini ionic liquid catalyst |
| CN105924464A (en) * | 2016-05-18 | 2016-09-07 | 上海大学 | Octa-imidazolyl POSS room temperature ionic liquid and preparation method thereof |
| CN106391113A (en) * | 2015-08-03 | 2017-02-15 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Immobilized ionic liquid catalyst and application thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101418225A (en) * | 2007-10-23 | 2009-04-29 | 北京化工大学 | Method for preparing biodiesel by using supported solid acid combining cosolvent |
| CN103664583A (en) * | 2013-12-04 | 2014-03-26 | 河北工程大学 | Method for preparing biodiesel by gemini ionic liquid catalyst |
| CN106391113A (en) * | 2015-08-03 | 2017-02-15 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Immobilized ionic liquid catalyst and application thereof |
| CN105924464A (en) * | 2016-05-18 | 2016-09-07 | 上海大学 | Octa-imidazolyl POSS room temperature ionic liquid and preparation method thereof |
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