CN109773289B - Cutting machining control method for die steel - Google Patents

Cutting machining control method for die steel Download PDF

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CN109773289B
CN109773289B CN201811627719.2A CN201811627719A CN109773289B CN 109773289 B CN109773289 B CN 109773289B CN 201811627719 A CN201811627719 A CN 201811627719A CN 109773289 B CN109773289 B CN 109773289B
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matrix
magnetic field
cutting
die steel
locking structure
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CN109773289A (en
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舒丹
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Taicang chenghexin Precision Technology Co., Ltd
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Taicang Chenghexin Precision Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

A cutting processing control method for die steel. The cutting platform is fixed with the projections on the lower surface of the locking structure. And the bulges and the cutting platform are internally provided with an electromagnetic coil and a sensing array respectively. The invention can accurately obtain the position coordinates of the die steel workpiece to be processed by detecting the magnetic field intensity of the electromagnetic coil through the sensing array. Therefore, the workpiece to be machined can be accurately positioned, and the cutting precision is improved.

Description

Cutting machining control method for die steel
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of die steel processing equipment, in particular to a cutting processing control method for die steel.
Background
Die steels are commonly used to make cold, hot or pressure die castings which have a high hardness and are therefore not easily machinable. In the cutting process, the cutter is easy to break, the cutting surface is rough, and the requirement of processing precision is difficult to meet.
Because the die steel is high in hardness, a cutting knife acted on the die steel is easy to break or slip and deviate in the cutting process, and the position deviation is easy to generate between the cutting knife or a die steel workpiece to be cut in the cutting process. The existing cutting device has the advantages that the cutting platform can only feed the workpiece to be cut, and the position stability of the workpiece in the cutting process cannot be ensured.
Once the workpiece is displaced from the cutting blade during the cutting process, it is common practice to manually shut down the machine and correct the displacement, or to correct the displacement by adding a robot. However, in the cutting process, it is difficult for the operator to detect the position deviation in time due to the visual interference generated by the electric spark at the cutting point and the action of the electrostatic force and the explosive force generated by the cutting. The cutting precision of the die steel can not meet the requirement through the detection device only after the die steel is cut. Therefore, after cutting, the existing die steel often needs further cutting, milling and grinding processes. The processing efficiency is not high.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a cutting processing device capable of improving the performance of a cutting surface of die steel.
First, in order to achieve the above object, a method for controlling cutting processing of die steel is provided, including: firstly, fixing a die steel workpiece to be processed on the upper surface of the locking structure, and inserting a bulge arranged on the lower surface of the locking structure into a sliding groove on the upper surface of the cutting platform; reading a target position matrix A; secondly, the electromagnetic coil arranged on the protrusion is electrified to induce a first magnetic field with the strength not exceeding a first field strength, the Hall elements distributed on the inner wall or the bottom of the sliding groove induce the magnetic field, and the sensing array outputs a sensing matrix S according to the magnetic field strength induced by the Hall elements; thirdly, judging whether the distance between the sensing matrix S and the target position matrix A reaches a preset locking threshold value or not, and if the distance exceeds the locking threshold value, jumping to the fourth step; otherwise, jumping to the fifth step; fourthly, calculating a transfer matrix H from the sensing matrix S to the target position matrix A, wherein A = S multiplied by H, controlling the driving unit according to the transfer matrix H, enabling the locking structure to move along the sliding groove on the upper surface of the cutting platform, and then jumping to the third step; fifthly, changing the electrifying state of the electromagnetic coil to enable the electromagnetic coil to induce and generate a second magnetic field with the strength reaching a second field strength, wherein the second magnetic field generates attraction force on the magnetic body, so that the electromagnetic coil is attracted by the magnetic body and fixed in the sliding groove; at the moment, the driving unit cooperatively controls the locking structure to limit the locking structure to move along the sliding groove on the upper surface of the cutting platform; and sixthly, the wire moving mechanism drives the wire electrode to move relative to the die steel workpiece to be machined, electric discharge is carried out between the wire electrode and the die steel workpiece to be machined, the part, in contact with the wire electrode, of the surface of the die steel workpiece to be machined is corroded to a set position, then the target position matrix A is updated, and the second step to the sixth step are repeated until the workpiece is cut.
Optionally, the method for controlling cutting process of die steel as described above, wherein the field strength of the first magnetic field is smaller than the field strength of the second magnetic field.
Optionally, in the method for controlling cutting processing of die steel, a direction of the second magnetic field is the same as a direction of the magnetic field of the magnetic body, and a direction of the first magnetic field is opposite to the direction of the second magnetic field.
Optionally, in the fourth step, the driving unit is specifically controlled according to the following steps according to the transmission matrix H: step d1, calculating the eigenvalue λ corresponding to the transfer matrix H obtained this time, and the transfer matrix H 'obtained last time and the eigenvalue λ' corresponding thereto; step D2, calculating the distance D = Kp λ + Ki Σ λ + Kd (λ - λ') that the locking structure moves on the upper surface of the cutting platform; kp is a proportional coefficient, Ki is an integral coefficient, and Kd is a differential coefficient which are all preset known values; step d3, calculating the transfer direction of the transfer matrix H obtained this time relative to the transfer matrix H' obtained last time; and D4, controlling the driving unit to move the locking structure on the upper surface of the cutting platform along the sliding groove to the moving direction obtained in the step D3 by a distance D = Kp λ + Ki Σ λ + Kd (λ - λ').
Optionally, in the above method for controlling cutting processing of die steel, in step d3, a transfer direction of the transfer matrix H obtained this time with respect to the transfer matrix H' obtained last time is a direction corresponding to the eigenvector corresponding to the eigenvalue λ.
Optionally, in the method for controlling cutting machining of die steel, Kp is a proportional coefficient, Ki is an integral coefficient, and Kd is a differential coefficient, which are obtained by performing experimental calculation in advance: in the experiment, two coefficients are kept constant, and the remaining coefficient is measured, so that the moving distance D is closest to the change size of the transfer matrix H obtained at the current time and the last time.
Optionally, the method for controlling cutting processing of die steel as described above, wherein the moving distance D is closest to the variation size D = | | H-H' | | of the transfer matrix H obtained this time and the last time.
Advantageous effects
The cutting machining tool for the die steel is fixed with the cutting platform through the protrusion on the lower surface of the locking structure. And the bulges and the cutting platform are internally provided with an electromagnetic coil and a sensing array respectively. The invention can accurately obtain the position coordinates of the die steel workpiece to be processed by detecting the magnetic field intensity of the electromagnetic coil through the sensing array. Therefore, the workpiece to be machined can be accurately positioned, and the cutting precision is improved.
Furthermore, the invention can also arrange magnetic bodies at different positions in the cutting platform, and the position of the workpiece is further stabilized by the attraction between the magnetic bodies and the electromagnetic coils after the die steel workpiece to be processed reaches the required position by controlling the power-on state of the electromagnetic coils, so that the error caused by workpiece displacement in the cutting process is further reduced.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a cutting processing apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the connection between the electromagnetic coil and the cutting platform of the cutting device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the sliding groove and the sensor array of the cutting platform surface of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it will be understood that they are described herein for the purpose of illustration and explanation and not limitation.
Fig. 1 is a cutting processing apparatus for die steel according to the present invention, which includes:
the cutting platform 1 is provided with a die steel workpiece to be processed, and is used for fixing the die steel workpiece to be processed or enabling the workpiece to move on the surface relative to the cutting device 2;
the cutting device 2 comprises a wire feeding mechanism and a wire electrode, wherein the wire feeding mechanism comprises a plurality of wheel shafts, and the wheel shafts drive the wire electrode to reciprocate or move in a single direction, so that the wire electrode at the position of the cutting tool head moves relative to the die steel workpiece to be processed. In a cutting state, the electrode wire is charged, electric discharge is generated between the electrode wire and a die steel workpiece to be machined, and electrostatic force and explosive force are generated to erode the contact part of the surface of the die steel workpiece to be machined and the electrode wire;
and the protection device 4 is coated outside the cutting device 2 and used for preventing electric sparks or metal scraps from splashing in the cutting process. The inside of the protection device can be also connected with an air supply or liquid supply pipeline, and the liquid supply pipeline sprays liquid to the surface of the workpiece at the cutting part to keep the temperature of the workpiece stable in the cutting process. The gas supply pipeline outputs specific gas to the surface of the workpiece at the cutting part so as to ensure the cutting effect.
The processing device of the invention can also be further provided with a locking structure 3 on the cutting platform. The die steel workpiece to be processed is fixed on the upper surface of the locking structure 3, the lower surface of the locking structure 3 is provided with a protrusion, the locking structure 3 is connected with the upper surface of the cutting platform 1 through the protrusion, the end part of the lower side of the protrusion is provided with an electromagnetic coil 31, and the outer side of the electromagnetic coil 31 is coated with a protective layer.
In order to match the protrusions, referring to fig. 2, sliding grooves 11 are formed in the upper surface of the cutting platform 1 in a staggered arrangement, the width of each sliding groove 11 is slightly larger than the diameter of each protrusion on the lower surface of the locking structure 3, and sensing arrays formed by hall elements 12 are uniformly distributed on the inner wall or the bottom of each sliding groove 11.
Further, in order to realize the adaptive control of the workpiece, a driving unit may be further disposed on the upper portion of the cutting platform 1, where the driving unit includes an electromagnetic driving unit, or a rotating wheel or a mechanical arm, and the driving unit may drive the locking structure 3 to move along the sliding groove 11 on the upper surface of the cutting platform 1.
In order to further increase the locking strength of the locking structure 3, magnetic bodies 13 may be further arranged in the cutting platform 1 in the manner shown in fig. 2. The magnetic body can be selected as a permanent magnet or an electromagnet driven by a current control circuit.
The cutting processing device also comprises a control unit, wherein the control unit is arranged to realize the control of the position of the workpiece to be processed in the following mode so as to realize accurate cutting:
in use, when the protrusion arranged on the lower surface of the locking structure 3 is not inserted into the sliding groove 11 on the upper surface of the cutting platform 1, the control unit collects the magnetic field strength of each hall element in the sensing matrix, and stores the magnetic field strength generated by the magnetic body sensed by the control unit according to the position coordinates of each hall element. For example, referring to fig. 3, the hall elements are disposed on the lower surface of the sliding slot 11 to form a 5 × 2 array, the hall elements in the first row and the first column sense the magnetic field generated by the magnetic bodies to generate a magnetic field strength signal, and the magnetic field strength signal is stored in the elements in the first row and the first column in the calibration matrix C generating 5 × 2; magnetic field intensity signals sensed by the Hall elements in the first row and the second column are correspondingly stored in elements in the first row and the second column in the calibration matrix C of 5 x 2, so that the magnetic field intensity of each sampling point in the sensing array is collected to obtain the calibration matrix C;
then, informing an operator to fix the die steel workpiece to be processed on the upper surface of the locking structure 3, and inserting a protrusion arranged on the lower surface of the locking structure 3 into a sliding groove 11 on the upper surface of the cutting platform 1 after fixing; and setting a target position matrix A by an operator according to the processing requirement of the workpiece. The target position matrix A comprises position coordinates of the workpiece and the cutting depth or time requirement on the position, and aims to keep the workpiece at a certain position for the cutting knife to cut, move the workpiece to the next position after the cutting reaches the required depth or between the required depths, and continue to cut until the machining is finished. The control unit reads a target position matrix A;
the process is started thereafter. In the process, firstly, the control unit controls the electromagnetic coil 31 arranged on the protrusion to be electrified, so that the electromagnetic coil induces a first magnetic field with the strength not exceeding a first field strength, the hall elements distributed on the inner wall or the bottom of the sliding groove 11 induce the first magnetic field, and the sensing array generates and outputs a detection matrix D according to the magnetic field strength induced by the hall elements in a manner similar to that of acquiring and calibrating the matrix C, so that the sensing matrix S = D-C is calculated. By introducing the calibration matrix C, the deviation amount generated by the magnetic body or the first magnetic field in the detection matrix D obtained by direct acquisition can be corrected, and the obtained sensing matrix S only contains a component for marking the coordinate position of the workpiece, so that the judgment on the position of the workpiece is more accurate. The control unit judges whether the distance between the sensing matrix S and the target position matrix A reaches a preset locking threshold value or not, and if the distance exceeds the locking threshold value, the control unit needs to control and drive the workpiece to move to a set position; otherwise, the locking structure 3 can be controlled to enter a locking state to cut the workpiece.
Specifically, the manner of driving the workpiece to move to its set position is as follows: calculating a transmission matrix H from the sensing matrix S to the target position matrix A, wherein A = S × H, controlling the driving unit according to the transmission matrix H to enable the locking structure 3 to move along the sliding groove 11 on the upper surface of the cutting platform 1, and then continuously evaluating whether the distance between the sensing matrix S and the target position matrix A collected at the new position reaches a preset locking threshold value or not in the above manner until the distance can enter a locking state.
Optionally, in the above step, in the fourth step, the driving unit is specifically controlled according to the following steps according to the transmission matrix H: step d1, calculating the eigenvalue λ corresponding to the transfer matrix H obtained this time, and the transfer matrix H 'obtained last time and the eigenvalue λ' corresponding thereto; step D2, calculating the distance D = Kp λ + Ki Σ λ + Kd (λ - λ') that the locking structure moves on the upper surface of the cutting platform; kp is a proportional coefficient, Ki is an integral coefficient, and Kd is a differential coefficient which are all preset known values; step d3, calculating the transfer direction of the transfer matrix H obtained this time relative to the transfer matrix H' obtained last time; and D4, controlling the driving unit to move the locking structure on the upper surface of the cutting platform along the sliding groove to the moving direction obtained in the step D3 by a distance D = Kp λ + Ki Σ λ + Kd (λ - λ').
Optionally, in the above method for controlling cutting processing of die steel, in step d3, a transfer direction of the transfer matrix H obtained this time with respect to the transfer matrix H' obtained last time is a direction corresponding to the eigenvector corresponding to the eigenvalue λ.
Optionally, in the method for controlling cutting machining of die steel, Kp is a proportional coefficient, Ki is an integral coefficient, and Kd is a differential coefficient, which are obtained by performing experimental calculation in advance: in the experiment, two coefficients are kept constant, and the remaining coefficient is measured, so that the moving distance D is closest to the change size of the transfer matrix H obtained at the current time and the last time.
Optionally, the method for controlling cutting processing of die steel as described above, wherein the moving distance D is closest to the variation size D = | | H-H' | | of the transfer matrix H obtained this time and the last time.
In the locked state, the current supply state of the electromagnetic coil 31 is changed, so that a second magnetic field with the strength reaching a second field strength is induced and generated by the electromagnetic coil 31, the second magnetic field generates attraction force on the magnetic body, and the electromagnetic coil 31 is attracted by the magnetic body and fixed in the sliding groove 11; at this time, the driving unit may cooperatively control the locking structure 3 to limit the locking structure 3 from moving along the sliding groove 11 on the upper surface of the cutting platform 1. In this state, the wire moving mechanism drives the wire electrode to move relative to the die steel workpiece to be machined, electric discharge is generated between the wire electrode and the die steel workpiece to be machined, the part, in contact with the wire electrode, of the surface of the die steel workpiece to be machined is corroded to a set position, then the target position matrix A is updated, and the second step to the sixth step are repeated until the cutting of the workpiece is completed.
In the process, the magnetic pole directions of the magnetic bodies are all vertical to the cutting platform 1, and the magnetic pole directions of the magnetic bodies are the same; the directions of the magnetic fields generated by the electromagnetic coils 31 in the same current-carrying state are the same, and the directions of the magnetic fields generated by the same electromagnetic coil 31 in the two current-carrying states are opposite. The field intensity of the first magnetic field is smaller than that of the second magnetic field, the direction of the second magnetic field is the same as that of the magnetic body, and the direction of the first magnetic field is opposite to that of the second magnetic field.
The outer side of the electromagnetic coil 31 can be coated with a protective layer made of PVC material or nitrile rubber material so as to protect the coil from short circuit caused by abrasion of the cutting platform. The PVC material or the nitrile rubber are insulated, so that the coil can be protected from cutting scraps or electric sparks.
In the cutting process, the sensing array can synchronously and periodically acquire data of a sensing matrix S and judge whether the distance between the sensing matrix S and the target position matrix A is maintained within the range of a locking threshold value. And entering a moving state once the threshold value is judged to be exceeded, and stopping the cutting operation on the workpiece: the electromagnetic coil 31 is electrified to induce a magnetic field which can be identified by the Hall element, and the sensing array judges whether the die steel workpiece to be processed reaches a preset position according to the position of the Hall element which induces the magnetic field; when the preset position is not reached, the locking structure 3 is controlled to move along the sliding groove 11 on the upper surface of the cutting platform 1 through the driving unit; and when the preset position is reached again, the workpiece enters the locking state again, and the cutting operation of the workpiece is recovered.
The cutting device of the invention can further arrange the Hall elements 12 on the bottom surface of the inner wall at the staggered position of the sliding grooves 11, arrange the equal space among the sliding grooves 11 and evenly divide the cutting platform 1.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A cutting processing control method for die steel is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, fixing a die steel workpiece to be processed on the upper surface of a locking structure (3), and inserting a bulge arranged on the lower surface of the locking structure (3) into a sliding groove (11) on the upper surface of a cutting platform (1); reading a target position matrix A;
secondly, electrifying an electromagnetic coil (31) arranged on the protrusion to induce a first magnetic field with the strength not exceeding a first field strength, inducing the first magnetic field by Hall elements distributed on the inner wall or the bottom of the sliding groove (11), and outputting a sensing matrix S by a sensing array according to the first magnetic field induced by the Hall elements;
thirdly, judging whether the distance between the sensing matrix S and the target position matrix A reaches a preset locking threshold value or not, and if the distance exceeds the locking threshold value, jumping to the fourth step; otherwise, jumping to the fifth step;
fourthly, calculating a transfer matrix H from the sensing matrix S to the target position matrix A, wherein A is S multiplied by H, controlling a driving unit according to the transfer matrix H, enabling the locking structure (3) to move along the sliding groove (11) on the upper surface of the cutting platform (1), and then jumping to the third step;
fifthly, changing the current-carrying state of the electromagnetic coil (31) to enable the electromagnetic coil (31) to induce a second magnetic field with the strength reaching a second field strength, wherein the second magnetic field generates attraction force on a magnetic body, so that the electromagnetic coil (31) is attracted by the magnetic body and fixed in the sliding groove (11); at the moment, the driving unit cooperatively controls the locking structure (3) to limit the locking structure (3) to move along the sliding groove (11) on the upper surface of the cutting platform (1);
sixthly, driving a wire electrode to move relative to the die steel workpiece to be processed by a wire moving mechanism, discharging between the wire electrode and the die steel workpiece to be processed, removing a part of the surface of the die steel workpiece to be processed, which is in contact with the wire electrode, to a set position, and then updating the target position matrix A;
and seventhly, repeating the second step to the sixth step until the workpiece is cut.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein a field strength of the first magnetic field is less than a field strength of the second magnetic field.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the direction of the second magnetic field is the same as the direction of the magnetic field of the magnetic body, and the direction of the first magnetic field is opposite to the direction of the second magnetic field.
4. The method for controlling cutting work on die steel according to claim 2, wherein in the fourth step, the driving unit is controlled in accordance with the transmission matrix H,
step d1, calculating the eigenvalue λ corresponding to the transfer matrix H obtained this time, and the transfer matrix H 'obtained last time and the eigenvalue λ' corresponding thereto;
step D2, calculating the distance D ═ Kp λ + Ki Σ λ + Kd (λ - λ') that the locking structure (3) moves on the upper surface of the cutting platform (1); kp is a proportional coefficient, Ki is an integral coefficient, and Kd is a differential coefficient which are all preset known values;
step d3, calculating the transfer direction of the transfer matrix H obtained this time relative to the transfer matrix H' obtained last time;
and D4, controlling the driving unit to move the locking structure (3) on the upper surface of the cutting platform (1) along the sliding groove (11) to the transfer direction obtained in the step D3 by a distance D ═ Kp λ + Ki ∑ λ + Kd [ (- λ').
5. The method of claim 4, wherein in step d3, a transfer direction of the transfer matrix H obtained this time with respect to the transfer matrix H' obtained last time is a direction corresponding to the eigenvector corresponding to the eigenvalue λ.
6. The cutting work control method for die steel according to claim 4, wherein Kp is a proportional coefficient, Ki is an integral coefficient, and Kd is a differential coefficient, which are obtained by preliminary experimental calculation, respectively;
in the experiment, two coefficients are kept constant, and the remaining coefficient is measured, so that the moving distance D is closest to the change magnitude of the transfer matrix H obtained this time and the transfer matrix H' obtained last time.
7. The cutting process control method for die steel according to claim 4, wherein the moving distance D is closest to a variation size D | | | H-H '| | of the transfer matrix H obtained this time and the transfer matrix H' obtained last time.
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CN209792818U (en) * 2018-12-28 2019-12-17 太仓新思成模具钢有限公司 Cutting platform for cutting die steel
CN210121715U (en) * 2018-12-28 2020-03-03 太仓成和信精密科技有限公司 Locking device for die steel cutting

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KR101823247B1 (en) * 2016-06-13 2018-01-29 최태광 Magnetic substance holding device for holding magnetic substance having thin plate shape and transferring device for transferring non-magnetic substance having thin plate shape with the same
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