CN109769790B - Improved greenhouse single hanger rail self-propelled air-assisted spray lance spraying machine - Google Patents
Improved greenhouse single hanger rail self-propelled air-assisted spray lance spraying machine Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural engineering, in particular to an improved greenhouse single hanger rail self-propelled air-assisted boom sprayer. The boom sprayer is coupled to move on a track consisting of a suspender hung on a greenhouse frame and C-shaped steel by a driving device and driven travelling wheels; the lifting motor is used for retracting and releasing the steel wire rope through the double-groove rope pulley and controlling the lifting motion of the air supply spray rod under the guidance of a moving pair formed by the guide rod and the guide block; the centrifugal fan is connected with an air outlet pipe through a head-round and square adapter, and a spray head is configured to form an air supply spray rod part; a group of spray heads are arranged under the two centrifugal fans to fill up a spray blind area under the spray rod. The track formed by the C-shaped steel has high strength, low cost and good construction manufacturability; the driving device has compact structure, and the lifting device has further simplified structure compared with a synchronous belt sliding table and a chain transmission structure; centrifugal fan spray lance integration improves air current utilization efficiency and air current stability, promotes the effective range of spouting of air-assisted lance pole, has ensured spraying operation penetrability and sedimentation rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural engineering, in particular to an improved greenhouse single hanger rail self-propelled air-assisted boom sprayer.
Background
The space between the planting rows of facility vegetables in China is generally small, the space between the rows is further narrowed after crops grow, and in addition, the soil state between the rows is complex, so that the method is not suitable for spraying machines and tools between the rows to operate. The greenhouse hanger rail type spraying machine does not occupy the ground space when moving above crops, and the greenhouse space utilization rate is improved. Meanwhile, the sprayer sprays the crops from the center of the greenhouse to two sides, and the spraying operation width is reduced by half compared with the spraying operation of the greenhouse side rail sprayer from the side of the greenhouse to the other side, so that the fog drop deposition uniformity is further improved. The greenhouse, especially the sunlight greenhouse, has a complex structure, the shed frame support columns and the vine hanging net frames which are arranged above the crops and assist the growth of the crops to be vertically and horizontally interwoven limit the length of the spray rod of the spraying machine, and the air supply spraying technology can meet the requirement of realizing larger spraying width by shorter length of the spray rod. On the other hand, aiming at the defects of insufficient penetration rate, deposition rate and uniformity of aerial spray operation fog drops of tall and big crops in the greenhouse on the middle and lower parts of the crop canopy, the lifting type spray rod is adopted to be immersed into the space between the rows of the crop canopy for spraying, so that the deposition amount of the fog drops on the middle and lower parts of the crop canopy can be effectively increased, and the penetration rate and the deposition rate of the fog drops on the middle and lower parts are improved.
The patent application No. 201810073358.5 discloses an automatic rail-based multimode greenhouse sprayer, and discloses a single-hanger-rail self-propelled multimode automatic sprayer based on an I-steel rail. The device takes I-steel as a track, and based on an I-steel development walking system, the I-steel development walking system is immersed into crop rows through a lifting spray rod to implement spraying operation, and a lifting device adopts a stepping motor combined with a synchronous belt sliding table as a solution. Meanwhile, the air source of the air supply spray rod is provided by a centrifugal fan fixed on the rack, and air supply spraying is realized by conveying the air supply spray rod to the spray rod through an air hose. The operation functions of track and movement, lifting of the spray rod and pneumatic spraying are basically solved. There are mainly the following problems: firstly, the I-shaped steel and the driving device thereof have large mass, high manufacturing cost and large difficulty in track installation and construction, and are not beneficial to the application and popularization of the device; secondly, although the moving scheme of the stepping motor combined with the synchronous belt sliding table has the advantage of accurate lifting movement, the manufacturing cost and the maintenance cost are high, and the application and the popularization of the device are not facilitated; furthermore, the air supply system adopts a fixed centrifugal fan, and air flow is sent to the spray rod by a ventilation hose. On one hand, the air flow generates on-way loss in the ventilation hose, on the other hand, the spray rod is bent when moving up and down, the local loss of the air flow is further increased, and the hose is bent and straightened alternately, so that the local loss coefficient of the air flow is changed, the air flow pressure and the air flow speed are unstable, and the spraying operation effect is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides an improved greenhouse single hanger rail self-propelled air-assisted spray lance spraying machine, which utilizes a C-shaped steel rail with high cost performance as a single rail, develops a driving device matched with the rail, and has compact structure and weight; the lifting motor is used for driving the rope pulley to rotate forward and backward to achieve the effect that the steel wire rope is wound and released to control the air supply spray rod to move up and down, and good stability is obtained under the guidance of the guide rod; the centrifugal fan is arranged on the spray rod and is directly connected with the air outlet pipe, so that the spray rod of the centrifugal fan is integrated, a ventilation hose link is omitted, the on-way loss of air flow and the local loss of hose bending are reduced, and the air flow stability is improved; and a spray head is arranged below the spray rod centrifugal fan, so that a spray operation blind area is eliminated. The improved greenhouse single-hanger-rail self-propelled air-assisted spray boom sprayer has the characteristics of further reduced manufacturing cost and maintenance cost, stable and reliable performance, convenience in maintenance, improved cost performance, high spray-amplitude and large-fog-drop operation quality and the like.
The technical problem solved by the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
the improved greenhouse single-hanger-rail self-propelled air-assisted spray lance sprayer comprises a hanger rod, a rail, a driving device, a rack, an electric cabinet, a water tank, a water control box, a centrifugal fan, a ceiling adapter, a spray lance bottom plate, a water distributor, a guide rod, a guide block, an upper stop travel switch, a lower stop travel switch, a steel wire rope, a double-groove rope pulley, a lifting motor, driven traveling wheels, a shifting rod, an air outlet pipe, an internal spray nozzle, an external spray nozzle, a spray nozzle bracket, a stagnation point magnetic induction target, a starting point sensor, a stagnation point magnetic induction target, a stagnation point sensor, a terminal point magnetic induction target, a starting point magnetic induction target and a starting point sensor.
The track is formed by C shaped steel, installs in the middle by the jib below the greenhouse rack, and the track is 2.8-3.0 meters apart from ground, and drive arrangement and driven walking wheel collineation are installed in the middle on sprayer frame top, and drive arrangement's walking wheel and driven walking wheel put into the track groove to can remove in the track. The frame is internally provided with a water tank, an electric cabinet and a water control box. The electric control box is internally provided with electric control components including a PLC controller, a remote controller and a relay. The water control box is internally provided with water control elements including a spray pump, an electromagnetic valve and a pressure regulating valve.
The front part of the top end of the frame of the spraying machine is provided with a lifting motor, the lifting motor is provided with a rope wheel connected with double grooves through a reduction output shaft of a worm reducer, each wheel groove on the rope wheel with double grooves is respectively wound with a steel wire rope to be hung on the bottom plate of the spraying rod, one of the steel wire ropes is directly hung on the bottom plate of the spraying rod, and the other steel wire rope is hung on the bottom plate of the spraying rod through a fixed pulley. The spray rod bottom plate is provided with a pair of guide rods, and the guide rods and the two groups of guide blocks arranged on the two sides of the rack form a moving pair to restrict the spray rod to move up and down. A lower dead point travel switch and an upper dead point travel switch are respectively arranged beside an upper guide block and a lower guide block which are close to one side of the rack, and are respectively triggered by a deflector rod and a spray rod bottom plate which are arranged on the top end of the guide rod to control the movement of the spray rod;
the spray lance comprises a spray lance bottom plate, a spray nozzle support, a centrifugal fan, a sky-circle local adapter, an air outlet pipe, an internal spray nozzle, an external spray nozzle and the like, wherein a pair of centrifugal fans are arranged on the spray lance bottom plate in a back direction and are positioned on the back surface of the spray lance bottom plate, a rectangular air outlet of the centrifugal fan is connected with the sky-circle local adapter, the sky-circle local adapter is sleeved with the air outlet pipe, and the internal spray nozzle is arranged in the air outlet pipe. The spray head bracket is in an arc shape, the middle section is straight, and two sides are folded upwards by 40 degrees. The middle straight section is arranged on the bottom plate of the spray rod, the two external spray heads are arranged on two sides of the middle straight section of the spray head support, the folded edges on two sides of the support are respectively provided with one external spray head, and the external spray heads are arranged horizontally. Each side of the spray rod comprises three spray head nozzles including an internal spray head and 2 external spray heads which are collinear and arranged at an included angle of 40 degrees with the horizontal axis. A pair of external spray heads are arranged under the two centrifugal fans in a staggered mode, and the staggered included angle of the spray heads is 80 degrees.
The invention provides a solution for an improved greenhouse single hanger rail self-propelled air-assisted boom sprayer. The invention has the characteristics of high cost performance, simple structure, stable and reliable performance and high droplet deposition rate.
1) The improved greenhouse single hanger rail self-propelled air-assisted spray boom sprayer disclosed by the invention adopts the C-shaped steel rail as the rail, meets the strength requirement and is light in weight, and the weight of the C-shaped rail and the auxiliary support is reduced by 71.7% compared with that of an I-shaped steel rail and the auxiliary support. The installation and construction are more convenient, and the influence of the track device on the greenhouse strength is further reduced. The matched self-propelled system has a compact structure, is well matched with the track, and has stable and reliable performance.
2) The invention discloses an improved greenhouse single-hanger-rail self-propelled air-assisted boom sprayer, which is characterized in that a motor is adopted to drive a double-groove rope pulley to receive and release a steel wire rope and is matched with a guide rod guide block to restrain so as to realize boom lifting motion after speed reduction. Compared with a synchronous belt sliding table and a chain wheel sliding table, the synchronous belt sliding table has the advantages of simpler structure, lighter weight and lower manufacturing cost and maintenance cost.
3) The improved greenhouse single hanger rail self-propelled air-assisted spray boom sprayer disclosed by the invention has the advantages that through the integrated design of the centrifugal fan and the spray boom, an air supply hose is omitted, the utilization rate of air flow is improved, more efficient and stable air flow is obtained, and the air-assisted spray operation quality is guaranteed. In addition, a group of spray heads are arranged under the spray rod in a staggered mode, and the blind area of the spray rod is filled.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a front view of the structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a left side view of the structure of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a rear view of the structure of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a spray bar construction of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a pneumatic conveying structure of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a front view of the rail attachment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a left side view of the rail attachment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 shows a driving device of the present invention.
1. The magnetic control system comprises a suspender, a track, a driving device, a frame, a motor cabinet, a water control box, a water tank, a centrifugal fan, a universal joint, a water distributor, a guide rod, a guide block, a top dead center travel switch, a bottom dead center travel switch, a steel wire rope, a double-groove rope pulley, a lifting motor, a driven travel wheel, a deflector rod, an air outlet pipe, a built-in nozzle, a nozzle bracket, a starting point magnetic sensing target, a starting point sensor, a 27 starting point magnetic sensing target, a 28 stopping point sensor, a 29 finishing point sensor and a finishing point magnetic sensing target, wherein the lifting motor, the driven travel wheel, the deflector rod, the air outlet pipe, the built-in nozzle, the external nozzle, the nozzle bracket, the 25 starting point magnetic sensing target, the starting point sensor, the finishing point sensor and the finishing point sensor.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further explained below by combining the specific drawings.
In an embodiment, referring to fig. 1-8, an improved greenhouse single-hanger-rail self-propelled air-assisted boom sprayer is composed of a boom 1, a rail 2, a driving device 3, a frame 4, an electric cabinet 5, a water control cabinet 6, a water tank 7, a centrifugal fan 8, a skyline-square adapter 9, a boom base plate 10, a water separator 11, a guide rod 12, a guide block 13, an upper-dead-point travel switch 14, a lower-dead-point travel switch 15, a steel wire rope 16, a double-groove rope pulley 17, a lifting motor 18, a driven travel wheel 19, a deflector rod 20, an air outlet pipe 21, an internal nozzle 22, an external nozzle 23, a nozzle support 24, a starting point magnetic induction target 25, a starting point sensor 26, a stopping point magnetic induction target 27, a stopping point sensor 28, an end point sensor 29 and an end point magnetic induction target 30.
The track 2 is formed by C-shaped steel, the standard length of a single track is 6 meters, the track is hung under a greenhouse shed frame through a connecting corner piece by using a hanging rod 1, and the arrangement distance of the hanging rods is 2 meters. C shaped steel joint department is detained with the connection buckle, guarantees to connect the butt joint neat. The driving device 3 and the driven road wheels 19 are respectively provided with two pairs of road wheels. The driving device 3 and the driven travelling wheels 19 are respectively arranged in the center of the upper plane of the sprayer frame 4, and the travelling wheels on the same side are ensured to be collinear. The walking wheels and the driven walking wheels 19 of the driving device 3 are arranged in the grooves of the track 2 from the end surfaces, and the motor drives the walking wheels to move in the track 2 after speed reduction.
An electric cabinet 5, a water control cabinet 6 and a water tank 7 are further mounted in the sprayer frame 4. The remote controller, the PLC, the relay and other electric control components are arranged in the electric cabinet 5, and the spray pump, the electromagnetic valve, the pressure regulating valve and other water control components are arranged in the water control cabinet 6. A lifting motor 18 is arranged at the front part of the top end of the frame 4, and a double-groove rope pulley 17 is arranged on an output shaft of the lifting motor 18 after the speed of the lifting motor 18 is reduced by a speed reducer; and a steel wire rope 16 is respectively arranged in the double-groove rope pulley grooves, one of the steel wire ropes is directly hung on the bottom plate 10 of the spray rod, the other steel wire rope is hung on the bottom plate 10 of the spray rod through a fixed pulley, and the steel wire ropes 16 are connected to the bottom plate 10 of the spray rod through hanging codes. The lifting weight is a self-locking lifting weight, and the locking position of the steel wire rope can be adjusted, so that the bottom plate 10 of the spray rod is in a horizontal position.
Two centrifugal fans 8 are arranged back to back on the reverse side of the spray rod bottom plate 10. The rectangular air outlet of the centrifugal fan 8 is connected with a square adapter 9. The connecting top round and bottom adapter 9 is connected with an air outlet pipe 21 in a sleeved mode. The air outlet pipe 21 is internally provided with a built-in spray head 22. The nozzle of the built-in spray head 22 is aligned with the end face of the air outlet pipe 21 and is positioned on the horizontal central axis of the air outlet pipe 21.
And a spray head support 24 is further arranged on the spray rod bottom plate 10, the support is arched, the middle section of the support is straight, and two sides of the support are folded upwards by 40 degrees. Two external sprayers 23 are respectively arranged on two sides of the sprayer support, and the sprayer bodies are horizontally arranged. The two external spray heads 23 and the nozzles of the internal spray head 22 are collinear, and the connection line of the nozzles forms an included angle of 40 degrees with the horizontal central axis of the air outlet pipe 21.
And a pair of external spray heads 23 are arranged under the two centrifugal fans 8 on the spray rod in a staggered mode, and the staggered included angle of the spray heads is 80 degrees.
A starting point sensor 26 is respectively arranged at the rear part of the top end of the frame 4 above the frame 4 of the spraying machine and at the right side of the track 2, a finishing point sensor 29 is respectively arranged at the front part of the top end of the frame 4, the sensors are Hall sensors, and a sensor probe points to one side of the middle track from the right side; correspondingly, a starting point magnetic induction target 25 is attached to the starting point position on the right side surface of the track, and an end point magnetic induction target 30 is arranged at the end point position of the track. A standing point sensor 28 is arranged at the top end of the rack 4 and on the left side of the track, and a standing point magnetic induction target 27 is correspondingly arranged right above each crop row on the left side surface of the track.
The power supply of the sprayer is 220V alternating current, the cable is adopted as a travelling cable and is hung by a small hanging wheel arranged in a track groove of the track 2, and the small hanging wheel is pushed or pulled by the sprayer in the track.
The power supply of the lifting spray rod is connected by a spiral tensile cable, and the water pipe is connected by a spiral water pipe and is connected with each spray head after being shunted by a water separator arranged on the spray rod bottom plate 10.
The specific operation mode is as follows:
the sprayer finishes spraying operation and quasi-works, the remote controller is started, the sprayer is powered on, the pressing operation starts, the sprayer executes self-checking action, after the self-checking operation is finished, the motor of the driving device 3, the spraying pump and the electromagnetic valve are started simultaneously, and the sprayer starts to walk along the track 2 and carries out spraying operation. When the spraying machine moves to the position of the stagnation point magnetic induction target 27 along the track 2, the stagnation point sensor 28 obtains a trigger signal, the motor of the driving device 2 stops and brakes, and meanwhile, the lifting motor 18 starts to work to drive the spray rod to descend and continuously spray. When the spray rod moves to the position of the lower dead point, the deflector rod 20 on the guide rod 12 triggers the travel switch 15 of the lower dead point, the lifting motor 18 stops and stops for a short time of 0.2 seconds and then reversely runs, the spray rod is driven to ascend and continuously spray, when the spray rod ascends to the position of the upper dead point, the spray rod bottom plate 10 triggers the travel switch 14 of the upper dead point, the lifting motor 18 stops and brakes to maintain the spray rod at a high position, and after the spray rod stops for a short time of 0.2 seconds, the motor of the driving device 2 is started, and the sprayer travels and works along the track 2. And stops moving horizontally along the track and does the next cycle of vertically lifting and lowering spraying operation under the trigger of the next stationed magnetic induction target 27.
And the circulation operation is finished, and the spray rod is kept at the top dead center position. The sprayer moves to the tail end of the track along the track, an end point magnetic induction target 30 arranged at the tail end of the right side of the track triggers an end point sensor 29, a motor of the driving device 3 is turned off and braked, and meanwhile, the electromagnetic valve, the centrifugal fan 8 and the stagnation point sensor 28 are turned off, so that spraying operation and stagnation point triggering are stopped. The motor of the drive 3 is reversed after a brief 0.2 second stop of the system. The sprayer rapidly returns to the starting point of the track along the track 2, when the starting point reaches the starting point section of the track, the starting point magnetic induction target 25 arranged at the starting point of the track triggers the starting point sensor 26, the motor of the sprayer driving device 2 stops working, the system is powered off after the system stops for 0.2 second for a short time, and the system enters a standby state.
Claims (9)
1. An improved greenhouse single-hanger-rail self-propelled air-assisted spray lance sprayer is characterized by comprising a hanger rod, a rail, a driving device, a rack, an electric cabinet, a water tank, a water control box, a centrifugal fan, a hemispherical adapter, a spray lance bottom plate, a water distributor, a guide rod, a guide block, a steel wire rope, a double-groove rope pulley, a lifting motor, a driven travelling wheel, a deflector rod, an air outlet pipe, an internal spray nozzle, an external spray nozzle and a spray nozzle bracket;
the track is made of C-shaped steel, a suspender is arranged below the greenhouse shed frame in the middle, the driving device and the driven travelling wheel are arranged at the top end of the sprayer frame in the middle in a collinear manner, and the travelling wheel and the driven travelling wheel of the driving device are arranged in the track groove and can move in the track; a water tank, an electric control box and a water control box are arranged in the frame; the walking wheels and the driven walking wheels are placed on the lower curled edge flange of the C-shaped steel to roll;
the front part of the top end of the frame of the spraying machine is provided with a lifting motor, the lifting motor is provided with a rope wheel connected with double grooves through a reduction output shaft of a worm reducer, each wheel groove on the rope wheel with double grooves is respectively wound with a steel wire rope to be hung on the bottom plate of the spraying rod, one of the steel wire ropes is directly hung on the bottom plate of the spraying rod, and the other steel wire rope is hung on the bottom plate of the spraying rod through a fixed pulley; a pair of guide rods are arranged on the bottom plate of the spray rod, and the guide rods and the two groups of guide blocks arranged on the two sides of the rack form a moving pair to restrict the spray rod to move up and down;
the spray rod is composed of a spray rod bottom plate, a spray head bracket, a centrifugal fan, a sky-circle-local adapter, an air outlet pipe, an internal spray head and an external spray head, wherein a pair of centrifugal fans are arranged on the spray rod bottom plate in a back direction and are positioned on the back surface of the spray rod bottom plate; the spray head bracket is in an arc shape, the middle section is straight, and two sides are folded upwards; the middle straight section is arranged on the bottom plate of the spray rod, the two external spray heads are arranged on two sides of the middle straight section of the spray head bracket, the folded edges on two sides of the bracket are respectively provided with one external spray head, and the external spray heads are all horizontally arranged; a pair of external spray heads are arranged under the two centrifugal fans in a staggered manner.
2. An improved greenhouse single hanger rail self-propelled air-assisted boom sprayer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rail is 2.8-3.0 meters from the ground.
3. The improved greenhouse single-hanger-rail self-propelled air-assisted boom sprayer as claimed in claim 1, wherein electric control components including a PLC controller, a remote controller and a relay are arranged in the electric cabinet; the water control box is internally provided with a water control element comprising a spray pump, an electromagnetic valve and a pressure regulating valve.
4. An improved self-propelled air-assisted boom sprayer for greenhouses as claimed in claim 1, wherein there are four guide blocks in the two sets of guide blocks, the four guide blocks are respectively mounted on the upper and lower beams at both sides of the frame, the lower and upper dead-center travel switches are respectively mounted on the frame near the upper and lower guide blocks at one side, and are respectively triggered by a shift lever mounted on the top end of the guide rod and the boom base plate to control the movement of the boom.
5. An improved greenhouse single hanger rail self-propelled air-assisted boom sprayer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the spray head bracket is folded up 40 degrees on both sides; each side of the spray rod comprises three spray nozzle collineations including an internal spray nozzle and 2 external spray nozzles, and the spray nozzles are arranged at an included angle of 40 degrees with the horizontal axis; a pair of external spray heads are arranged under the two centrifugal fans in a staggered mode, and the staggered included angle is 80 degrees.
6. An improved greenhouse single hanger rail self-propelled air-assisted boom sprayer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the wire ropes are all connected to the boom base plate by hangers; the lifting weight is a self-locking lifting weight, and the locking position of the steel wire rope can be adjusted, so that the bottom plate of the spray rod is in a horizontal position.
7. An improved greenhouse single hanger rail self-propelled air-assisted boom sprayer as claimed in claim 1, wherein a start sensor is arranged at the rear part of the top end of the frame and an end sensor is arranged at the front part of the top end of the frame respectively above the frame of the sprayer and at the right side of the rail, the sensors are hall sensors, and the sensor probe is directed to one side of the middle rail from the right side; correspondingly, a starting point magnetic induction target is attached to the starting point position of the right side face of the track, and an end point magnetic induction target is arranged at the end point position of the track; the machine frame top, the track left side sets up the stationing point sensor, and the corresponding directly over sets up stationing point magnetic induction target between every crop row on the track left surface.
8. An improved greenhouse single hanger rail self-propelled air-assisted boom sprayer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the power supply of the sprayer is 220V ac, the cable is a travelling crane cable, the cable is hung by a small hanger wheel arranged in the rail groove, and the small hanger wheel is pushed or pulled by the sprayer in the rail.
9. An improved greenhouse single hanger rail self-propelled air-assisted boom sprayer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lifting power supply of said boom is connected by a helical tension cable, and the water pipe of said boom is connected by a helical water pipe and branched by a water separator arranged on the bottom plate of said boom to connect each spray head.
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