CN109769535B - Application of endophytic fungus strain R5-6-1 in prevention and treatment of bacterial blight of rice - Google Patents

Application of endophytic fungus strain R5-6-1 in prevention and treatment of bacterial blight of rice Download PDF

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CN109769535B
CN109769535B CN201910044093.0A CN201910044093A CN109769535B CN 109769535 B CN109769535 B CN 109769535B CN 201910044093 A CN201910044093 A CN 201910044093A CN 109769535 B CN109769535 B CN 109769535B
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苏珍珠
章初龙
林福呈
冯晓晓
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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Abstract

The invention discloses an application of an endophytic fungus strain R5-6-1 in preventing and treating bacterial blight of rice, belonging to the technical field of plant disease prevention and treatment. The endophytic fungus strain R5-6-1 is a Phosphara oryzae (Phosphaera oryzae) fungus strain R5-6-1 with the preservation number of CGMCC No. 2737. The invention utilizes endophytic fungus strain R5-6-1 to induce host to generate systemic disease resistance for the first time, and the prevention and control effect on bacterial leaf blight of rice reaches 80.75 percent. The invention also provides a method for preventing and treating bacterial leaf blight of rice, which utilizes the endophytic fungus R5-6-1 to be co-cultured with rice so as to ensure that the endophytic fungus and the rice are colonized at the root of the rice, prevent and control the leaf infection of bacterial leaf blight bacteria, and reduce the disease index by 64. The biological control effect of the ustilaginoidea virens on the bacterial blight of rice has great value in popularization and application in the agricultural field.

Description

Application of endophytic fungus strain R5-6-1 in prevention and treatment of bacterial blight of rice
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant disease control, in particular to application of an endophytic fungus strain R5-6-1 in controlling rice bacterial leaf blight.
Background
Bacterial blight of rice is one of the important bacterial diseases of rice in the world, and is caused by invasion of Xanthomonas oryzae (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, Xoo) through water pores and wounds of rice leaves. The infected rice leaves show withered and yellow wilting, the yield is generally reduced by 20-30%, when the infected rice leaves are serious, rice stalks are rotten and lodging, the rice grains are shrunken and increased, the yield is reduced by more than 50%, and even the infected rice leaves are dead.
At present, planting rice disease-resistant varieties is the most economic and effective way for preventing the disease, but long-term planting of rice varieties with single disease-resistant genes can cause the disease to be epidemic again because the disease resistance is lost due to variation or adaptation of germs. In addition, chemical control is also a common method for controlling bacterial blight. However, the long-term excessive use of chemical pesticides not only increases the production cost of rice, but also causes the quality safety of rice and the pollution of ecological environment. Therefore, the search for high-efficiency, environment-friendly, green and safe biological control measures has become a hot research point for controlling plant diseases.
Biological control is to utilize beneficial microorganisms to produce various adverse effects (such as antibiosis, bacteriolysis, competition, parasitism and the like) on pathogenic bacteria, and reduce the number or pathogenicity of the pathogenic bacteria; meanwhile, the beneficial microorganisms for biological control can also induce the enhancement of plant disease resistance, improve plant immunity and delay, alleviate or inhibit the occurrence of diseases.
A large number of beneficial microorganisms, among which the endophytic fungi are among them, are harbored in the natural ecosystem. Endophytic fungi refer to a group of fungi that, at least for a part of their life history, are capable of infecting and colonizing healthy plant tissues without significant disease symptoms in the host (Petrini 1991; Wilson 1995), are ubiquitous in the ecosystem and have a very stable long-term interaction with the host plant. In the process of forming reciprocal symbiotic relationship between the plant endophytic fungi and the host, on one hand, the plant endophytic fungi obtain nutrients required by growth such as water, mineral nutrition and the like from the host (Usuki & Narisawa 2007), and on the other hand, the plant endophytic fungi endow the plant with abundant and various biological functions, such as plant growth promotion, plant biomass improvement and capability of enhancing the resistance of the host plant to biotic and abiotic stresses (Arnold et al 2003; Waller et al 2005).
The invention patent with application number 200810162535.3 discloses a fungus strain of Nostoc sphaeroides (Dialophora oryzae), the preservation number of which is CGMCC No. 2737. The fungal strains have utility in promoting plant growth or increasing biomass. The invention patent with the application number of 201410068912.2 discloses the application of the strain in reducing the content of heavy metal cadmium in tobacco. At present, no report indicates the function of the strain in the aspect of preventing and treating the bacterial blight of rice.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for biologically preventing and treating bacterial leaf blight of rice, which enhances the disease resistance of the rice to the bacterial leaf blight and realizes the prevention and treatment of the bacterial leaf blight of the rice.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an application of an endophytic fungus strain R5-6-1 in preventing and treating bacterial blight of rice, wherein the endophytic fungus strain R5-6-1 is a Phosphara oryzae (Phosphaera oryzae) fungus strain R5-6-1 with the preservation number of CGMCC No. 2737.
The invention discovers that the control effect on the bacterial leaf blight of rice can reach 80.75 percent after the endophytic fungi strain R5-6-1 is colonized on root tissues of the rice. Research mechanism shows that root colonization of Phosphara oryzae (Phosphara oryzae) can induce host to generate systemic disease resistance, prevent and control leaf infection of bacterial blight bacteria, and has good control effect on bacterial blight.
The application is that the endophytic fungus strain R5-6-1 is colonized in the root tissue of rice to enhance the activity of antioxidant enzyme in the leaves of the rice plant.
The antioxidant enzyme is superoxide dismutase (SOD), Peroxidase (POD) or Catalase (CAT). The research of the invention shows that the SOD, CAT and POD activities in the leaves of the rice plants with root systems infected with the ustilaginoidea virens are remarkably improved, thereby enhancing the disease resistance of hosts.
The application is that the endophytic fungus strain R5-6-1 is colonized in the root tissue of rice, and the expression level of PR1 gene in the leaf of rice is improved. The research of the invention shows that the root colonization of the ustilaginoidea virens causes the significant up-regulation expression of the pathogenesis-related genes (PR 1 a) and PR1b, and improves the disease resistance of the host system.
The invention also provides a method for preventing and treating bacterial leaf blight of rice, which comprises the following steps:
(1) germinating the rice seeds, and then co-culturing the germinated rice seeds with an endophytic fungus strain R5-6-1 to ensure that the endophytic fungus strain R5-6-1 is colonized at the root of a rice seedling;
(2) transplanting the rice seedlings to a field, and cultivating and harvesting.
In step (1), germinated rice seeds were co-cultured with endophytic fungus strain R5-6-1 in 1/2MS (MS salt 1.1g/L, sucrose 2.5g/L, MES 0.25g/L, agar 10g/L, pH5.7) medium.
Preferably, each rice seedling is inoculated with endophytic fungus strain R5-6-1 with the diameter of 0.5 cm.
Preferably, the co-cultivation conditions are: 22-25 culturing for 20 days, and illuminating for 16h every day, wherein the illumination intensity is as follows: 40 μmol. m-2·s-1And culturing in dark for 8 h.
Under the conditions, the rice straw mold hyphae successfully infect the roots of the rice, gradually diffuse from the epidermis to the cortex and finally reach the endothelial layer.
Preferably, the surface of the rice seeds is disinfected before the rice seeds germinate. The method comprises the following specific operation steps: removing hull of rice seed, soaking in 75% ethanol for 5min, sterilizing with 1% NaClO surface for 8-10min, and washing with sterile water for several times.
Preferably, the rice seeds germinate at 22-25 deg.C for 5-7 days.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the endophytic fungi R5-6-1 is co-cultured with rice to be colonized on the root of the rice, so that the disease resistance of the rice to bacterial leaf blight is obviously enhanced, the control effect reaches 80.75%, and the disease index is reduced by 64%. The biological control effect of the ustilaginoidea virens on the bacterial blight of rice has great value in popularization and application in the agricultural field.
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FIG. 1 shows the colonization of the rice roots by Chlamydomonas oryzae. On the root cross section, the DsRED fluorescence-labeled hyphae gradually diffuse from the root epidermal layer to the cortex and do not infect the pericycle. Scale bar 100 μm.
FIG. 2 is a graph of systemic resistance of Brevibacterium oryzae to leaf infestation, wherein A-B: the incidence of bacterial leaf blight of the plants and leaves of the pitcher plant inoculation treatment group and the control group; c: after inoculation of bacterial blight germs, the rice seedling grade index frequency distribution of the rice bottle mold treatment group and the control group is carried out; d: after inoculation of bacterial blight, the rice disease indexes of the fusarium graminearum treatment group and the control group are shown as the average value plus or minus standard error. Significant levels (one-way ANOVA): p < 0.01.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effect of Kimbaria on antioxidant enzyme activity in rice leaves, wherein A is the effect of SOD activity, B is the effect of CAT activity, and C is the effect of POD activity, and the data are the mean (triplicates). + -. standard error. Significant levels (one-way ANOVA): p < 0.01.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples.
Test endophytic fungi: exophiala oryzae strain R5-6-1 was isolated from a wild rice root line (Yuan et al.2010). The strain has been preserved in China general microbiological culture Collection center (number: CGMCC 2737) and the Netherlands International fungus Collection center (number: CBS 125863). T-DNA random insertion mutant strain Ho19red is constructed in the laboratory, is marked by red fluorescent protein, has morphological characteristics which are not different from those of a wild strain, has the same biological effect on rice as the wild strain, and can be used for colonization observation research (Su et al.2013).
Pathogenic bacteria to be tested: the rice bacterial strain P6 is a gift from the institute of virology and biotechnology, academy of agricultural sciences, Zhejiang province. The P6 strain was spread on a collaborative taimen plate (sucrose 20g/L, peptone 5g/L, MgSO)4·7H2O 0.25g/L、K2HPO40.5g/L, agar 12g/L, pH7.2-7.4), after culturing for 2-3d at 28 ℃, gently scraping the bacterial colony into 250mL of liquid synergetic hucho culture medium by using 1mL of sterile water, performing shake culture at 28 ℃ at 220r/min, and when the final OD value is between 0.5-1, the bacterial colony can be used for rice inoculation.
The test plants: rice Oryza sativa l., susceptible variety, CO 39.
1. Co-culture of Calycoma oryzae and rice
Inoculating Pythium oryzae stored on filter paper sheet to potato glucose agar (PDA) solid culture medium, activating, and culturing at 25 deg.C in dark for 10-14 days.
Rice seed surface disinfection: removing the shell of the rice seeds, soaking the rice seeds for 5min by 75% alcohol, then disinfecting the surfaces of the rice seeds by 1% NaClO for 8-10min, uniformly spreading the rice seeds on 1/2MS (MS salt 1.1g/L, cane sugar 2.5g/L, MES 0.25.25 g/L, agar 10g/L, pH5.7) plates after being washed by sterile water for multiple times, and culturing the rice seeds at a constant temperature of 25 ℃ (16h illumination/8 h dark).
After 5 days, aseptically germinated seeds with relatively consistent growth were transferred to glass test tubes (3.5 cm. times.50 cm) containing 1/2MS medium, while simultaneously inoculating a 0.5cm diameter Kimbay fungus cake, 1 fungus cake/tube, and 3 seedlings/tube. Incubated at 25 deg.C (16h light/8 h dark) and the control was sterile PDA agar blocks. There were 5 replicates of 10 tubes each.
2. Observation of colonization of the roots of A. oryzae
After 20 days of co-culture of the Pythium oryzae and the rice, the rice seedlings were removed, the roots were cleaned, a small amount of sample was cut, and the seedlings were observed under an LSM780 fluorescence confocal microscope (Carl Zeiss Inc., Jena, Germany).
In the co-culture process of rice and pitcher, the pitcher hyphae successfully invade the root of rice, gradually diffuse from the epidermis to the cortex, and finally reach the endothelial layer (fig. 1). The Kigelia oryzae does not infect pericycle cells and vascular bundle tissues, and shows that the Kigelia oryzae is only limited to colonize roots and can not diffuse to the overground part of plants through vascular bundles. This feature is consistent with the typical mode of infestation by dark septate endophytes, i.e., the dark septate hyphae are distributed only in the intercellular spaces and cells of the epidermal and cortical layers of the root system and colonize the root tissue locally.
3. Prevention effect of straw mold on bacterial leaf blight of rice
When the rice grows to the three-leaf one-heart stage (21d), spraying the bacterial liquid P6 (OD value 0.5) to the rice seedlings in the test tube by adopting a spraying mode (1956, etc.) and spraying 1mL of bacterial liquid per tube. And (5) investigating and counting the disease condition after the generation and development of the rice leaf lesion tend to be stable (7 d after inoculation). The lesions were counted in grades according to the criteria of Fangzhong et al (1990) (Table 1), and the disease index and the preventive effect were calculated.
TABLE 1 Classification Standard of disease conditions of bacterial leaf blight of Rice
Figure BDA0001948572530000051
The calculation formula of the disease index and the prevention and treatment effect is as follows:
Figure BDA0001948572530000052
Figure BDA0001948572530000053
through investigating the disease condition of the rice bacterial leaf blight, the following results are found: all rice plants in the control group are attacked and seriously attacked (figures 2A and B), clear yellow-green corrugated disease spots are formed on two sides of the leaf margin, the leaves of the plants with serious attack are curled inwards and withered, and the disease spots are changed into withered yellow. The disease grade of most plants is 7-9, 43.33% of the plants are susceptible to disease grade 7, 34.67% of the plants are susceptible to disease grade 9 (fig. 2C), and the disease index is 79.26 (fig. 2D).
In contrast, rice plants inoculated with Calophyllum oryzae at the root were less diseased (FIGS. 2A, B), 8% of the plants were not diseased, 72% of the plants were disease-grade 1 (FIG. 2C), leaf lesions were small in area and appeared with sporadic black allergic necrotic lesions, and the disease index was only 15.26 (FIG. 2D). The prevention and treatment effect of the straw mold on the bacterial leaf blight of rice reaches 80.75 percent. Therefore, the root colonization of the ustilaginoidea virens can induce the host to generate systemic disease resistance, prevent and control the leaf infection of the bacterial blight bacteria, and have good prevention effect on the bacterial blight.
4. Effect of Phomopsis oryzae on leaf antioxidant enzyme Activity
When the rice grows to a three-leaf one-heart stage (21d), weighing 0.5g of fresh leaves, grinding the fresh leaves into powder in liquid nitrogen, adding 5ml of precooled extracting solution [50mmol/L phosphate buffer (PH 7.8), 0.1mmol/L EDTA-2 Na, 0.3% (v/v) triton x-100 and 4% (w/v) PVP), collecting the mixed solution, adding the mixed solution into a centrifuge tube, centrifuging at 10000r/min at 4 ℃ for 20min, and taking the supernatant and storing at-20 ℃ for later use. SOD activity was measured by NBT photochemical reduction (Liheng et al 2000), POD activity by guaiacol (Qin et al 2005) and CAT activity by UV absorption (Cakmak & Marschner 1992).
The rice plant inoculated with the phialomyces oryzae can resist the leaf infection of the bacterial leaf blight and the disease resistance of the plant system is improved. Through the activity measurement of SOD, POD and CAT in the leaves, the following results are found: SOD, CAT and POD activities in leaves of rice plants infected with Phosphaerella oryzae at root systems were significantly increased (P <0.01), which was 5.26, 12.08 and 10.53 times higher than those of the control group, respectively (FIG. 3). Experiments show that after the rice physalospora oryzae infects the roots of rice plants, the activities of antioxidases such as SOD, POD and CAT in leaves can be obviously improved, so that the disease resistance of hosts is enhanced.
5. Effect of Phomopsis oryzae on expression of resistance-related genes
In order to determine which signal pathway or defense related genes are used for improving the disease resistance of a host system so as to resist the leaf infection of bacterial blight pathogenic bacteria, the expression level of resistance related representative genes is analyzed.
When the rice grows to the three-leaf one-heart stage (21d), fresh rice leaves are collected, total RNA of the leaves is extracted by using TRIzol (Invitrogen), and then reverse transcription is carried out by using a PrimeScript RT reagent Kit With gDNA Eraser (Perfect Real Time, TaKaRa) Kit.
POX1, POX2, EL5, OsNAC4, ERF4, NAC, AOS, OsSAUR2, OsWRKY69, OsWRKY71, PR1a and PR1b genes are selected for quantitative analysis.
Real-time PCR detection reference fluorescence quantitative kit
Figure BDA0001948572530000061
Premix Ex TaqTM II (Tli RNaseH Plus) instructions (TaKaRa), Real-time PCR amplification primer sequences are shown in Table 2.
Reaction 25. mu.L: 2 XSSYBR Premix Ex TaqTM 12.5. mu.L, 0.5. mu.L each of primers (10. mu. mol/L), 1. mu.L of template cDNA (diluted 5-fold), and dd H2O to 25. mu.L.
The reaction conditions were 95 ℃ for 5min, 40 cycles (95 ℃ for 10s, 60 ℃ for 15s), and a dissolution curve was set. Through 2–ΔΔCtThe method of (1) calculating the relative expression amount of Gene expression (Schmitgen)&Livak 2008)。
TABLE 2 Real-time PCR primer sequences
Figure BDA0001948572530000071
Root colonization of A. oryzae caused significant up-regulation of the pathogenesis-related genes (patho-related genes) PR1a and PR1b (P <0.01) by qRT-PCR analysis, which were 8.71 and 3.37 times higher than the control group, respectively (Table 3). AOS, OsSAUR2 and EL5 genes down-regulated expression significantly, 0.28(P <0.01), 0.57 and 0.65 fold (P <0.05) relative to controls (table 3). In addition, the expression level of other defense pathway related genes such as NAC, OsNAC4, OsWRKY69 and OsWRKY71 is not changed significantly.
TABLE 3
Figure BDA0001948572530000072
Figure BDA0001948572530000081
Therefore, the aspergillus oryzae can still induce the up-regulated expression of the PR1 gene even at the late stage of infection colonization, and the PR1 gene is a main key regulator for improving the disease resistance of a host system.
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Claims (9)

1. The application of the endophytic fungus strain R5-6-1 in preventing and treating bacterial blight of rice is characterized in that the endophytic fungus strain R5-6-1 is Nostoc pitcher (CGMCC No. 2737) with the preservation number of CGMCC No.2737Phialophora oryzae) Fungal strain R5-6-1.
2. The use according to claim 1, wherein the endophytic fungus strain R5-6-1 colonizes rice root tissue and enhances antioxidant enzyme activity in rice plant leaves.
3. The use according to claim 2, wherein the antioxidant enzyme is superoxide dismutase, peroxidase or catalase.
4. The use according to claim 1, wherein the endophytic fungus strain R5-6-1 colonizes root tissues of rice and increases the expression level of PR1 gene in rice leaves.
5. A method for preventing and controlling bacterial leaf blight of rice is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) germinating the rice seeds, and then co-culturing the germinated rice seeds with an endophytic fungus strain R5-6-1 to ensure that the endophytic fungus strain R5-6-1 is colonized at the root of a rice seedling;
(2) transplanting rice seedlings, and cultivating until harvesting;
the endophytic fungus strain R5-6-1 is Nostoc cercospora (with the preservation number of CGMCC No. 2737)Phialophora oryzae) Fungal strain R5-6-1.
6. The method for controlling bacterial blight of rice as claimed in claim 5, wherein the temperature for germinating rice seeds is 22-25 ℃ for 5-7 days.
7. The method for controlling bacterial blight of rice as claimed in claim 6, wherein surface sterilization is performed before germination of rice seeds.
8. The method for controlling bacterial blight of rice as claimed in claim 5, wherein in the step (1), the co-cultivation conditions are: culturing at 22-25 deg.C for 20 days under illumination for 16 hr per day with the illumination intensity: 40 μmol. m-2·s-1And culturing in dark for 8 h.
9. The method for controlling bacterial blight of rice as claimed in claim 5, wherein in the step (1), endophytic fungus strain R5-6-1 with a diameter of 0.5cm is inoculated at the root of each seedling of rice.
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