CN109768386A - A kind of stretchable antenna and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of stretchable antenna and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109768386A CN109768386A CN201910106106.2A CN201910106106A CN109768386A CN 109768386 A CN109768386 A CN 109768386A CN 201910106106 A CN201910106106 A CN 201910106106A CN 109768386 A CN109768386 A CN 109768386A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of stretchable antenna and preparation method thereof, which includes: stretchable ground plane；Stretchable substrate is arranged on stretchable ground plane；Electricity conductive plaster in bending is arranged on stretchable substrate, to form at least one domes between stretchable substrate.Stretchable antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention and preparation method thereof can guarantee the tensility of antenna, and since Electricity conductive plaster and ground plane use traditional metal materials, the electric conductivity of antenna is not reduced, and experiments prove that the radiation efficiency of antenna does not also reduce.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to wireless communication technology fields, and in particular to a kind of stretchable antenna and preparation method thereof.
Background technique
The practical application of flexible and stretchable electronic equipment by the mass data from sensor it is invalid communication and
The obstruction that resulting high power handling requires.In order to cope with this challenge, including bluetooth, near-field communication (NFC) and inductance
Be coupled in interior wireless technology, due to its compactedness, high throughput and lowest power consumption, and be used for real-time transmission data and
Electric power.Compared with battery and supercapacitor, these wireless transport modules are replaced due to not needing, and are durable.In addition to
Except the wireless transmission of data and electric power, wireless technology is also widely used as the remote inquiry of strain sensing, chemical signal detects,
Crack propagation monitoring etc..For example, the induction coil in contact lenses allows by measuring the frequency of the resonance in reflectivity curve respectively
Rate offset and reflection amplitudes carry out the concentration of glucose in wireless monitor intraocular pressure and tear, but due to NFC technique and data safety
Property it is related, working range only has several centimetres.
Therefore, it is able to carry out the radio-frequency antenna of remote operation, especially flexible and stretchable sensor causes increasingly
More concerns.The flexibility and stretchable antenna for being currently used for biological integrated electronic include using textile, liquid metal, graphite
Film, the composite elastic body with conductive filler and structure design conventional material.For example, using conductive fabric by braiding and knitting
Huge potentiality, such as conformal strain transducer and RFID tag are shown in wearable electronic.Weaving day
Line provides feasible means by accurately controlling the size of antenna with reasonable prices, for large-scale production, however due to gold
The small thickness for belonging to slurry is related to the reduction of the electric conductivity as caused by skin effect, and the radiation efficiency for antenna of weaving is damaged.
Further, since textile itself be it is non-stretchable, antenna of weaving application be restricted.It is sharp in polymer microfluidic channel
Different geometry designs are shown adjustable sensitivity by the dipole antenna with big draftability generated with liquid metal,
Patch is replaced with the liquid metal channel in microstrip antenna and ground plane, working range can reach 5 meters, however due to liquid metal
Low electric conductivity, therefore using liquid metal antenna efficiency it is low, and the potential leakage of liquid metal may also to the mankind and/
Or environment causes damages.It will be obtained in conductive metal nano wire and/or carbon nanotube insertion polymer substrate as composite material
Antenna draftability enhancing, but electric conductivity and radiation efficiency reduce.
By carrying out structure design to rigid, hard material itself, material can be assigned with flexibility/tensility,
Such as the gold thin film being deposited on elastomer substrates can be stretched beyond tens percentage points, this is far beyond because part becomes
Breaking strain caused by thin or formation shear band.Extensible plane inverse-F day is generated using the concept of this stretchable metal
Line (PIFA, Planar Inverted F Antenna), can undergo up to 10% reversible deformation, but due to film
With the low conductivity of Au film, obtained antenna shows poor efficiency, the extraneoas loss 10dB compared with traditional antenna.To understand
Certainly this problem passes through the ink-jet on patterned PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane, dimethyl silicone polymer) substrate
The thick silverskin of printing 200-400nm obtains scalable dipole antenna, only shows the excess loss of 1.7dB, but its performance can not
It is inverse.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the embodiment of the invention provides a kind of stretchable antenna and preparation method thereof, to solve existing draw
Stretch the electric conductivity of antenna and the problem that radiation efficiency is low.
According in a first aspect, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of stretchable antenna, the stretchable antenna includes: stretchable
Ground plane；Stretchable substrate is arranged on the stretchable ground plane；Described draw in bending is arranged in Electricity conductive plaster
It stretches on substrate, to form at least one domes between the stretchable substrate.
With reference to first aspect, in first aspect first embodiment, the stretchable ground plane has the first netted knot
Structure.
First embodiment with reference to first aspect, in first aspect second embodiment, the first reticular structure packet
The second grid lines for including the first grid lines extended in a first direction and extending in a second direction, first grid lines and
At least one of described second grid lines is the wave fluctuated in the plane locating for the ground plane.
Second embodiment with reference to first aspect, in first aspect third embodiment, the line width of the wave is
50 to 100 microns, 1 to 2 times of the line width with a thickness of the wave of the wave.
With reference to first aspect, in the 4th embodiment of first aspect, the orientation of the feeder line of the Electricity conductive plaster with
The opening direction of the domes is vertical.
With reference to first aspect, in the 5th embodiment of first aspect, the stretchable antenna further include: the first insulation
Layer is arranged between the stretchable ground plane and the stretchable substrate；Second insulating layer is arranged in the stretchable substrate
Between the Electricity conductive plaster.
With reference to first aspect, in first aspect sixth embodiment, the Electricity conductive plaster and the stretchable ground plane
Material be metal foil.
With reference to first aspect or first aspect first embodiment any embodiment party into first aspect sixth embodiment
Formula, in the 7th embodiment of first aspect, the stretchable substrate is elastic base plate.
According to second aspect, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of preparation method of stretchable antenna, the preparation method packet
It includes: forming stretchable ground plane；Stretchable substrate is formed on the stretchable ground plane；It is formed on the stretchable substrate
Forniciform Electricity conductive plaster, to form at least one domes between the stretchable substrate.
It is described to form stretchable ground plane in second aspect first embodiment, comprising: to use in conjunction with second aspect
Laser processing technology patterns the stretchable ground plane with the first insulating layer.
It is described can in second aspect second embodiment in conjunction with second aspect or second aspect first embodiment
Forniciform Electricity conductive plaster is formed in stretching substrate, comprising: be pre-stretched to the stretchable substrate；There to be the second insulation
The Electricity conductive plaster of layer is formed on the stretchable substrate after pre-stretching；To being formed with the described stretchable of the Electricity conductive plaster
Substrate is toasted；The pre-stretching is discharged to the stretchable substrate after baking.
In conjunction with second aspect second embodiment, in second aspect third embodiment, described pair is formed with described lead
The stretchable substrate of electric patch is toasted, comprising: the stretchable substrate for being formed with the Electricity conductive plaster exists
It is placed 5-30 minutes in 70-100 DEG C of convection oven.
The conductive label will be formed in the 4th embodiment of second aspect in conjunction with second aspect third embodiment
The stretchable substrate of piece is placed 10 minutes in 80 DEG C of convection oven.
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of stretchable antenna, which includes: stretchable ground plane；Stretchable base
Plate is arranged on stretchable ground plane；Electricity conductive plaster in bending is arranged on stretchable substrate, with stretchable substrate
Between form at least one domes.Stretchable antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention can guarantee the tensility of antenna,
And since Electricity conductive plaster and ground plane use traditional metal materials, the electric conductivity of antenna is not reduced, and pass through experiment card
The radiation efficiency of real antenna does not also reduce.
The embodiment of the present invention also provides a kind of preparation method of stretchable antenna, the preparation method include: to be formed it is stretchable
Ground plane；Stretchable substrate is formed on stretchable ground plane；Forniciform Electricity conductive plaster is formed on stretchable substrate, with
At least one domes is formed between stretchable substrate.Using the stretchable of preparation method provided in an embodiment of the present invention preparation
Antenna can guarantee the tensility of antenna, and since Electricity conductive plaster and ground plane use traditional metal materials, not drop
The electric conductivity of low antenna, and experiments prove that the radiation efficiency of antenna does not also reduce.
Detailed description of the invention
It, below will be to specific in order to illustrate more clearly of the specific embodiment of the invention or technical solution in the prior art
Embodiment or attached drawing needed to be used in the description of the prior art be briefly described, it should be apparent that, it is described below
Attached drawing is some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, before not making the creative labor
It puts, is also possible to obtain other drawings based on these drawings.
Fig. 1 shows the schematic diagram of stretchable antenna in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of a specific example of the preparation method of stretchable antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the stream of a specific example of step S3 in the preparation method of stretchable antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention
Cheng Tu.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention
In attached drawing, technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is
A part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those skilled in the art are not having
Every other embodiment obtained under the premise of creative work is made, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Since the requirement to compactedness, portability and comfort level is continuously improved, wireless technology is in flexible and stretchable electronics
Key effect is played in the exploitation of product.It is the important time of wireless technology for flexible and stretchable electronic equipment microstrip antenna
The person of choosing, however, the stretchable characteristic of microstrip antenna is usually to reduce conductivity and radiation efficiency as cost.By in microstrip antenna
Middle to be designed using the structure of soft silicon substrate and traditional metal materials, the embodiment of the present invention provides two kinds of stretchable microstrip antennas: " net
Shape microstrip antenna " and " arch microstrip antenna ".The former starts with wave structure from patterning, and the latter also uses by prestrain plan
The deformation wavy texture slightly generated.Compared with their solid-state microstrip antenna, the radiation of obtained stretchable microstrip antenna is special
Property variation it is little.Meanwhile the resonant frequency of " netted microstrip antenna " is with the external elongation strain applied along feed direction
Increase and reduce, but the resonant frequency of " arch microstrip antenna " is with the increase of the external elongation strain applied along feed direction
And increase.In " arch microstrip antenna ", the variation of resonant frequency caused by the elongation strain that outside applies has high sensitivity,
Compared with using silver nanowires or stretchable microstrip antenna based on liquid metal, sensitivity has increased separately 3.35 times and 1.49
Times.Therefore, it is based on the high sensitivity and compatibility feature of " arch microstrip antenna ", the embodiment of the present invention also provides a kind of based on " arch
The strain transducer of microstrip ", it can detect human wrist with highly sensitive, small lag and possible wireless communication
Movement.
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of stretchable antenna, as shown in Figure 1, the stretchable antenna includes: stretchable ground connection
Face 1；Stretchable substrate 2 is arranged on stretchable ground plane 1；Stretchable substrate 2 in bending is arranged in Electricity conductive plaster 3
On, to form at least one domes between stretchable substrate 2.
Stretchable antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention can guarantee the tensility of antenna, and due to Electricity conductive plaster and
Ground plane uses traditional metal materials, do not reduce the electric conductivity of antenna, and experiments prove that the radiation efficiency of antenna
Also it does not reduce.
Table 1 below illustrates stretchable antennas in the prior art and stretchable antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention to exist
Comparing result in radiation efficiency, as it can be seen from table 1 the radiation efficiency of stretchable antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention is compared
Apparent advantage is shown in existing stretchable antenna.
Table 1
| Type | Radiation efficiency |
| Weaving antenna | 48% |
| Liquid metal antenna | 57% |
| Silver or carbon nanotube line composite material | 41% |
| Stretchable antenna (no strain) in the embodiment of the present invention | 87% |
| Stretchable antenna (15% strain) in the embodiment of the present invention | 84% |
Optionally, above-mentioned stretchable ground plane has the first reticular structure, and the first reticular structure may include in first party
The first grid lines upwardly extended and the second grid lines extended in a second direction, in the first grid lines and the second grid lines
At least one is the wave fluctuated in the plane locating for ground plane, and the line width of wave is 50 to 100 microns, the wave
1 to 2 times of the line width with a thickness of the wave of line.
Optionally, in some embodiments of the invention, the orientation of the feeder line of Electricity conductive plaster and domes are opened
Mouth direction is vertical.
Optionally, stretchable antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention further include: the first insulating layer is arranged in stretchable ground connection
Between face and stretchable substrate；Second insulating layer is arranged between stretchable substrate and Electricity conductive plaster.First insulating layer and second
Insulating layer can be silicon oxide layer, and invention is not limited thereto.
Optionally, the material of above-mentioned Electricity conductive plaster and stretchable ground plane is metal foil, specifically can be metal copper foil.
Optionally, above-mentioned stretchable substrate is elastic base plate, specifically can be organosilicone elastic substrate.
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of preparation method of stretchable antenna, as shown in Fig. 2, the preparation method includes:
Step S1: stretchable ground plane is formed；
Step S2: stretchable substrate is formed on stretchable ground plane；
Step S3: forming forniciform Electricity conductive plaster on stretchable substrate, to be formed at least between stretchable substrate
One domes.
It can guarantee the tensility of antenna using stretchable antenna prepared by preparation method provided in an embodiment of the present invention,
And since Electricity conductive plaster and ground plane use traditional metal materials, the electric conductivity of antenna is not reduced, and pass through experiment card
The radiation efficiency of real antenna does not also reduce.
In one embodiment, above-mentioned steps S1 forms stretchable ground plane, can be using laser processing technology pair
Stretchable ground plane with the first insulating layer is patterned.
In one embodiment, as shown in figure 3, above-mentioned steps S3, forms forniciform conduction on stretchable substrate
Patch may include:
Step S31: stretchable substrate is pre-stretched；
Step S32: the Electricity conductive plaster with second insulating layer is formed on the stretchable substrate after pre-stretching；
Step S33: the stretchable substrate for being formed with Electricity conductive plaster is toasted；
Step S34: pre-stretching is discharged to the stretchable substrate after baking.
Specifically, above-mentioned steps S33 toasts the stretchable substrate for being formed with Electricity conductive plaster, and can be will form
There is the stretchable substrate of Electricity conductive plaster to place 5-30 minutes in 70-100 DEG C of convection oven, specifically can be will be formed with
The stretchable substrate of Electricity conductive plaster is placed 10 minutes in 80 DEG C of convection oven.
In one particular embodiment of the present invention, the preparation method of stretchable antenna can be, in the default viscous of copper foil
Coincidence sets silicon oxide layer deposited, forms the Electricity conductive plaster and ground plane with silicon oxide layer；Using laser processing technology to having
The ground plane of silicon oxide layer is patterned, and the ground plane with reticular structure is formed；Elastic base plate is pre-stretched, to pre-
Elastic base plate after stretching carries out ozone treatment；Electricity conductive plaster is bonded in the elastic base plate after ozone treatment by silicon oxide layer
The first face, the orientation of the feeder line of Electricity conductive plaster is identical as the direction being pre-stretched to elastic base plate；It will be bonded with and lead
The elastic base plate of electric patch is placed 10 minutes in 80 DEG C of convection oven；Elastic base plate is discharged and is pre-stretched, to form conduction
The domes of patch；Ground plane with reticular structure is bonded in the second face of elastic base plate.Specifically, it is being grounded first
Depositing homogeneous on the business copper foil (DupontPyralux AC091200EV, the composite material of 12 μm of Cu and 9 μm of PI) in face
The thin silicon oxide layer of 10nm, then using laser processing technology to the ground plane of the thin silicon oxide layer of the 10nm with depositing homogeneous
Business copper foil (DupontPyralux AC091200EV, the composite material of 12 μm of Cu and 9 μm of PI) patterned, obtain
Ground plane with network.It is selected by the default bond locations deposited oxide silicon thin layer in copper foil with passing through shadow mask plate
It bonds to selecting property, then carries out cutting for patch.The organosilicone elastic substrate prestretching that thickness (t) is 1.5mm is extended to 15%,
Then it uses UV- ozone treatment 6 minutes, then places copper patch.It should be noted that the feeder line of patch is along pre-stretching direction row
Column.The organosilicone elastic substrate for being placed with Electricity conductive plaster is placed 10 minutes in the convection oven at 80 DEG C, there is oxidation
The firm connection between copper foil and organosilicone elastic substrate is formed at the position of silicon coating.The release of pre-stretching will be in Electricity conductive plaster
Heart district domain promotes the Electricity conductive plaster that arch is formed into the weak bonding outside organosilicone elastic base plan.In a similar way
Ground plane with reticular structure is connected to the other side of organosilicone elastic substrate.It should be noted that in actually preparation,
It is also possible to that first elastic base plate is set on the ground plane with reticular structure, then elastic base plate is pre-stretched, into
And Electricity conductive plaster is set.
The detail of the preparation method of stretchable antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention can refer to above-mentioned stretchable antenna
Associated description in embodiment, details are not described herein again.
Stretchable microstrip antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention based on traditional metal materials, is created using prestrain strategy
Various 3D structures can be readily extended in addition to domes by deforming wavy texture.By one group in wavy serpentine without
The difference they dimensional parameters (i.e. normalization thickness, normalization width and arc angle) and can generated with the identity element of wavy serpentine
Together, the tensility of obtained structure is easy to be transferred to tens percentage points combinations of patterns.It is reasonably verified by experiment
The prediction of the radiation characteristic of stretchable antenna.It is acquired since resonant frequency shift is to the tunable dependence of elongation strain
Stretchable microstrip antenna be also proved to be a kind of new strain that wireless communication can be realized by using wireless interrogated technology
Sensor.
Typical microstrip antenna includes the Electricity conductive plaster and ground plane separated by solid dielectric substrate layer.Design is flexible and can
The first step of pullout antenna be by with flexible and stretchable layer (such as elastomer polymer) replace traditional rigid substrates come
Start.Since its Young's modulus is low, super-elasticity and good dielectric properties (dielectric constant 3.125, in 2.5GHz to 3.5GHz
Frequency range internal loss be that 0.01), Ecoflex and Solaris (Smooth-on) are used as representative elastomer silicone
It is chosen as stretchable substrate.By using the deformable wavy texture that prestrain strategy generates, stretchable micro-strip day is had studied
The structure of line designs, the arch exploring net grounded side and being formed by the pre-stretching strategy of patch.It is designed in no any structure
In the case where, it is clipped between solid copper patch and solid ground face with a thickness of the Solaris substrate of 1.5mm, forms microstrip antenna,
Resonance frequency is 3.50GHz, bandwidth 0.11GHz, shows elastomer silicone is used not damage as dielectric base plate micro-
Performance with antenna.
Due to the in-plane bending and/or out-of-plane bending in deformation (such as stretching) of outside application, waveform element can
To deform the elongation strain until application considerably beyond its breaking strain.The microstrip antenna obtained based on wave l network is drawn
Stretching property depends on the geometric parameter of representative waveform element, such as its line width, radius of curvature and arc angle.Moreover, these geometry
The variation of parameter also results in the pattern and filling rate (i.e. wave l network and mesh-like area of conductive component (i.e. patch and ground plane)
In apparent region ratio) variation.When pattern and filling rate change the electric current in antenna, the radiation characteristic (example of antenna
Such as resonance frequency, gain and efficiency) it will correspondingly be affected.In current research, we are had studied first with identical
Pattern but the different antenna of filling rate.For the microstrip antenna with solid patch and net grounded side, ground plane filling rate from
52.3%, which increases to 74.2%, causes resonance frequency to increase to 3.20GHz from 2.67GHz, close to have solid ground face (i.e.
Antenna 3.5GHz).Current path is changed using waveform interconnection in patch or ground plane and increases propagation distance, from
And lead to the increase of effective wavelength and the reduction of resonance frequency.With the increase of filling rate, the increase of current path causes shorter
Effective wavelength and higher resonant frequency.On the other hand, compared with its solid counterpart, filling rate is from 54.4% to 74.2%
The bandwidth of antenna be slightly increased.Since 50 ohm of deviation of characteristic impedance and sparse net grounded side is (i.e. small to fill out in design
Fill rate), when resonance the amplitude (- 9.6dB) of reflection coefficient S lower than the design of net grounded side when filling rate is 52.3%-
The aspiration level of 10dB.The prediction result of numerical simulation is demonstrated by testing measurement, and there is fairly good consistency.It fills out
It is similar with the influence of net grounded side to netted patch to fill rate.Filling rate is increased to 74.2% from 64.7% in netted patch
Resonant frequency is caused to increase to 3.08GHz from 2.71GHz.
It should be noted that the radiation of microstrip antenna occurs at the edge of patch according to transmission line model.Therefore, feed line and
The edge of ground plane is not patterned to ensure feed appropriate and avoids the strong distortion of radiation characteristic.In order to current
It is the suitable value of solid edge selection in research, we demonstrate the width of solid edge to the reflection coefficient S's of netted patch
It influences.Since influence of the width to resonant frequency and bandwidth of the solid edge in simulation and experiment is negligible, unless separately
It is described, the narrow edge width of 3mm is otherwise selected in the remainder entirely studied.Compared with solid patch, filling is used
The patch for the waveform network structure that rate is 64.7% shows that resonant frequency is down to 2.71GHz from 3.50GHz, and bandwidth is from 0.1GHz
It is down to 0.07GHz.We are also intended to refer to out, and the upper limit of filling rate is now subjected to the limit for the minimum feature that commercial cutter may be implemented
System, but more dense network (i.e. bigger filling rate), such as laser pattern/cutting or height may be implemented using other technologies
Resolution ratio 3D printing.This means that the working frequency of the stretchable paster antenna proposed can further expand to bigger model
It encloses.
Using the arch patch formed by prestrain strategy and waveform net grounded side, " arch microstrip antenna " is that can draw
Stretching microstrip antenna yet another method is provided that.In order to disclose the effect of arch sticking patch, 74.2% filling has been selected for ground plane
Rate, to ensure that the tensility of system is not limited by ground level.Since the tensility of arch patch is about to be pre-stretched
Level, therefore used 15% maximum to be pre-stretched in the design of Proof of Concept demonstration.Experiment and simulation the result shows that, by
In impedance mismatch, pre-stretching further increases the performance degradation for making antenna.It is stretchable before applying external elongation strain
Microstrip antenna shows the resonant frequency of 2.88GHz and the bandwidth of 0.12GHz in simulations.With with solid patch and solid connect
The antenna on ground is compared, and resonance frequency reduces 0.62GHz.This may be due between patch and ground plane introduce air gap and
Increased medium thickness, and the influence from net grounded side.However, influence of the two factors to resonance frequency is each other
Coupling and from transmission line model directly explanation not follow directly from., it is surprising that when elongation strain increases to from 0
When 15%, the resonant frequency of simulation monotonicallys increase up to 3.21GHz from 2.88GHz, the trend of this and " netted microstrip antenna " design
It is exactly the opposite.The elongation strain being applied on arch patch makes its relaxation to its initial flat shape, this will not actually change
Become electrical length.Since the elongation strain being applied on net grounded side will lead to the increase of resonant frequency, can explain
The increase of the resonant frequency of arch microstrip antenna.Observe that resonant frequency measures the dull dependence of stretching also by experiment
To confirmation, experiment measurement display increases to 3.28GHz from 2.92GHz, and the prediction of this and simulation quite coincide.With it is " netted micro-
With antenna " design compare, variation is bigger when elongation strain of the resonance frequency in arch microstrip antenna.Arch microstrip antenna
Bandwidth does not change with elongation strain, keeps about 0.12GHz in simulations.
In addition, the radiation efficiency of arch microstrip antenna increases to 85% from 82%, because working as 15% elongation strain
When electric arc is deployed into its initial flat pattern, impedance matching is more preferable.The filling rate of ground plane is reduced to from 74.2%
64.7% causes resonant frequency in simulation from 2.88GHz to be reduced to 2.68GHz, this is similar to the result of netted microstrip antenna.It draws
Resonant frequency is caused to become 2.90GHz from 2.68GHz after stretching, this also quite coincide with experimental measurements.Generally speaking, arch
The radiance of microstrip antenna in the+z direction is better than netted microstrip antenna.The net grounded side for being 64.7% for filling rate,
Its radiation in the+z direction is higher than 4.1dB, (i.e. better than the netted microstrip antenna close to its solid counterpart (5.0dB)
Radiation 3.6dB).This is the result shows that the patch also plays an important role in the antenna pattern for determining flexible antennas.It will fill out
The rate of filling, which is increased to 74.2%, to be increased to 4.7dB for forward radiation.The experiment measurement of radiation mode discloses similar result.Such as
Shown in normalized radiation pattern in three-dimensional radiological and E plane and H plane, the radiation of experiment and the analog result direction display+z
Decay when enhancing and in opposite direction stretching, when this may be due to stretching in ground plane caused by filling rate increase.This makes it possible to
Enough directionality for adjusting proposed microstrip antenna in a z-direction.
Since the displacement of arc shows the level with prestrain and increase, protrudes certain altitude in the normal direction
Arc may challenge to the practical application of arch microstrip antenna.Firstly, can protect the antenna of acquisition using assembly strategy
Exempt from it is affected by environment, to partly solve the problems, such as.Furthermore it is possible to introduce multi sphere structure in the design of arch patch, this has
Help reduce the overall dimensions of arc.For example, passing through three evenly spaced bonding positions in the arch antenna of 4cm × 4cm
Place's selectivity bonding, can have two arcs of significant reduced camber (from 3.7mm to 1.6mm).For being drawn in simulation
Stretching strain is 0% to 15%, predicts the antenna with double arc patches and net grounded side (filling rate 74.2%, black dotted lines)
Resonance frequency increase to 3.24GHz from 3.01GHz, be less than the increase of single arc (solid black lines).Resonant frequency to be applied to tool
Having the dull dependence of the elongation strain on the antenna of double arc structures still can be used for straining and sensing.In addition, reducing day
Linear dimension can also make it in higher frequency ranges of operation.For example, the overall dimensions of antenna are (black from 4 centimetres of 4 cm x
Color solid line) 3 centimetres of 3 cm x is narrowed down to, working frequency is increased to~4.5GHz from~3GHz, it is micro- for the arch with single arc
Band antenna.Together with the substrate with high dielectric constant, the design proposed in current research be can produce with adjustable dimension
With the stretchable antenna of working frequency.
In order to further prove the flexible of stretchable microstrip antenna, have not by the way that arch microstrip antenna to be connected to
With carrying out crooked test on the cylindrical body of radius of curvature.In representativeness demonstration, we have used filling out for ground plane in an experiment
It fills " arch microstrip antenna " that rate is 74.2%.The resonance frequency of the arch microstrip antenna of measurement (or subtracts with the increase of curvature
Small bending radius) and increase.When bending radius is 26mm, arc almost flattens, and resonance frequency increases to 2.99GHz.May be used also
To infer the maximum deflection radius of the antenna close to 26mm.
For two different filling rates, " arch microstrip antenna " has good sensitivity, and resonance frequency shift is respectively~
0.27GHz and 0.36GHz.Similar to the characteristic of resistor-type and capacitive strain transducer, we will be based onWherein Δ f, f0It is by stretching, just respectively with ε
The resonant frequency shift that beginning resonant frequency and the external elongation strain applied generate.Optimum sensitivity F is (for ground plane filling rate
" arch microstrip antenna " for 74.2) with the microstrip antenna based on Ag nano wire (be 15% for elongation strain, sensitivity F is
0.245) and the microstrip antenna based on liquid metal (is 15% for elongation strain, sensitivity F is 0.552) to compare, and is increased respectively
3.35 times and 1.49 times are added.In view of the high sensitivity and compatibility feature of the microstrip antenna proposed, " arch microstrip antenna "
It can apply on curvilinear surface (such as human skin) as mechanical strain sensor.By 15% on Ecoflex substrate
Stretchable " the arch microstrip antenna " that pre-stretching is formed is placed in wrist to carry out mobile detection.When wrist is bent downwardly about
At 30 ° or 45 °, arch patch is expanded to its original flat configuration, and passes through the increase capture movement of resonant frequency.Work as wrist
When returning to initial position, S11Curve is completely recovered to original shape, almost without hysteresis.
Observe resonant frequency variation be during multiple downwardly and upwardly bend cycles it is steady and stable, such as pass through
What five continuous measurements after 200 circulations were proved.When being related to the Application in Sensing such as strain sensing, the linearity is characterization sensing
One of the most important parameters of device performance.Ease for use in strain transducer and measurement range with linear response and uniformly sensitive
Degree is associated.It is noted that the sensor of not linear response still can be used after calibration.Such sensing
Device can also provide chance for that may benefit from the application of non-uniform sensitivity.However, resonant frequency is to stretching in current research
The non-linear dependence of strain level changes derived from caused electromagnetic field is deformed.
Although the characterization of antenna radiation characteristics is completed by vector network analyzer, long-range receiving antenna be can also be used for
S is measured by wireless interrogated11The variation of curve.In the typical set-up for wireless interrogated antenna, Broadband Horn Antenna is come from
Incident electromagnetic field be sensed antenna-reflected to electromagnetic horn to measure.By with photoelectric tube induction antenna short circuit and
Remotely switch between open-circuit condition, measures two groups of reflections, wherein one group is only generated by environment, another group by environment and sensing antenna
Combination generate.Only the reflection from sensing antenna, and obtained peak value are obtained by subtracting two reflectance measurements
Resonant frequency corresponding to sensing antenna.As an alternative, antenna can with commercial chip and external power supply module it is integrated with
Transmit electromagnetic energy.It is measured by using circular polarisation reader antenna and receives power, and determine the resonance frequency of retractable aerial
Offset.When antenna is designed in certain operation at frequencies matched with the frequency of commercial chip, power and such as is received
Calibration between the measuring signal of strain can be used for the wireless measurement of interested signal (such as strain).
The resonance frequency of " arch microstrip antenna " increases with the elongation strain that outside applies." the arch micro-strip proposed
Antenna " is proved to improve than the sensitivity for the stretchable microstrip antenna based on liquid metal or silver nanowires being previously reported.For
Convenient for the practical application of " the arch microstrip antenna " that is proposed, can be reduced by using having the structure of double arcs in patch
Camber.The occupied area of antenna can also be reduced, to meet the requirement of frequency applications.Two kinds studied in this research are set
Meter, due to the increase of filling rate, can enhance the radiation in the direction+z by stretching.The drawing that outside is applied based on resonant frequency
The dull dependence of stretching strain, we also illustrate a kind of strain transducer for being based on " arch microstrip antenna ", can be with height
The movement of sensitivity and small lag detection human wrist.
The emulation of scalable microstrip antenna: in numerical simulation, carry out three-dimensional finite element analysis, study imposed deformation when
Antenna performance.Mechanically deform of the microstrip antenna at deformation (stretching) is first by finite element software (ABAQUS, ABAQUS
Inc. it) determines.Assuming that the thickness change of the poisson effect of substrate is negligible when stretching.Then the change that will be calculated from ABAQUS
Shape structure imports in the electromagnetic field of high frequency ANSYS simulation (HFSS) packet, for artificial antenna performance (for example, reflectivity curve and radiation
Figure).
The measurement of the dielectric properties of elastomer substrates: by the part A of Solaris (Smooth-On Inc.) and part B with
The ratio of 1:1 mixes, and mixture is kept at room temperature 24 hours, it then is fully cured.The dielectric constant of Solaris
It is true in the range of 1GHz to 10GHz by mode of resonance dielectric meter (RMD-C-100, GDK Product Inc.) with loss
It is fixed.Two ports are by providing the chamber interaction for outputting and inputting microwave in terms of with mode of resonance dielectric.By using arrow
The offset of amount Network Analyzer measurement mode of resonance and due to sample presence and the corresponding quality factor that generate, can be accurately
Obtain dielectric constant and sample loss.In the measurements, the dielectric constant of sample and loss are in 2.5 to 3.5GHz frequency range
It experienced insignificant variation.The measurement at 3GHz of the dielectric constant of Solaris substrate and loss is respectively 3.125 and 0.01,
It is consistent with the report value of silicon rubber.The two typical values are used in the design using the stretchable antenna of HFSS.In certain experiments
In measurement, due to Low rigidity, good draftability and similar dielectric property, also using with identical dielectric constant and loss
Ecoflex substrate.
The measurement of microstrip antenna: apply 0% to 15% elongation strain to stretchable microstrip antenna by the stretcher of customization
(i.e. draw level).In order to protect the connection between patch and SMA, groove is made in a fixture of self-control stretcher.Can
The cylindrical body with different radii is used in the bend test of telescopic antenna.Pass through vector network analyzer (Keysight
E5071C) reflectivity curve (the S of measurement deformation microstrip antenna11), and radiation diagram is measured in anechoic room.
For the microstrip antenna in the wrist of motion detection: Ecoflex is used as the substrate in microstrip antenna, in wrist
Equipment is obedient in the demonstration of portion's motion detection.Then sensor is connected and masking tape (2600,3M Inc.) is used to be fixed to
In the wrist of subject.
Although being described in conjunction with the accompanying the embodiment of the present invention, those skilled in the art can not depart from the present invention
Spirit and scope in the case where various modifications and variations can be made, such modifications and variations are each fallen within by appended claims institute
Within the scope of restriction.
Claims (13)
1. a kind of stretchable antenna characterized by comprising
Stretchable ground plane；
Stretchable substrate is arranged on the stretchable ground plane；
Electricity conductive plaster in bending is arranged on the stretchable substrate, to be formed at least between the stretchable substrate
One domes.
2. stretchable antenna according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the stretchable ground plane has the first netted knot
Structure.
3. stretchable antenna according to claim 2, which is characterized in that first reticular structure includes in a first direction
First grid lines of upper extension and the second grid lines extended in a second direction, first grid lines and second grid
At least one of line is the wave fluctuated in the plane locating for the ground plane.
4. stretchable antenna according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the line width of the wave is 50 to 100 microns,
1 to 2 times of the line width with a thickness of the wave of the wave.
5. stretchable antenna according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the orientation of the feeder line of the Electricity conductive plaster with
The opening direction of the domes is vertical.
6. stretchable antenna according to claim 1, which is characterized in that further include:
First insulating layer is arranged between the stretchable ground plane and the stretchable substrate；
Second insulating layer is arranged between the stretchable substrate and the Electricity conductive plaster.
7. stretchable antenna according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the Electricity conductive plaster and the stretchable ground plane
Material be metal foil.
8. stretchable antenna described in any one of -7 according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the stretchable substrate is bullet
Property substrate.
9. a kind of preparation method of stretchable antenna characterized by comprising
Form stretchable ground plane；
Stretchable substrate is formed on the stretchable ground plane；
Forniciform Electricity conductive plaster is formed on the stretchable substrate, to form at least one between the stretchable substrate
Domes.
10. preparation method according to claim 9, which is characterized in that described to form stretchable ground plane, comprising:
The stretchable ground plane with the first insulating layer is patterned using laser processing technology.
11. preparation method according to claim 9 or 10, which is characterized in that described to form bending on stretchable substrate
The Electricity conductive plaster of shape, comprising:
The stretchable substrate is pre-stretched；
Electricity conductive plaster with second insulating layer is formed on the stretchable substrate after pre-stretching；
The stretchable substrate for being formed with the Electricity conductive plaster is toasted；
The pre-stretching is discharged to the stretchable substrate after baking.
12. preparation method according to claim 11, which is characterized in that described pair is formed with the described of the Electricity conductive plaster
Stretchable substrate is toasted, comprising:
The stretchable substrate for being formed with the Electricity conductive plaster is placed 5-30 minutes in 70-100 DEG C of convection oven.
13. preparation method according to claim 12, which is characterized in that will be formed with described in the Electricity conductive plaster can draw
Substrate is stretched to place 10 minutes in 80 DEG C of convection oven.
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