CN109768263A - A kind of lithium battery high capacity composite negative pole material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of lithium battery high capacity composite negative pole material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109768263A CN109768263A CN201910155745.8A CN201910155745A CN109768263A CN 109768263 A CN109768263 A CN 109768263A CN 201910155745 A CN201910155745 A CN 201910155745A CN 109768263 A CN109768263 A CN 109768263A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of lithium battery high capacity composite negative pole materials, it mainly include elementary silicon particle, aluminium simple substance particle and intergranular carbon network, carbon network is the main composition material of electrode porous structure, carbon material connects all silicon, aluminum particulate, the conductive network of effective is formed in electrode interior, with good charge/discharge capacity and high current charge-discharge ability, while there is excellent cycle life.The characteristics of preparation method of electrode material of the present invention has simple process, and process cycle is short, energy conservation and environmental protection, is suitble to large-scale production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the preparation field of lithium battery negative electrode material, especially a kind of lithium battery high capacity composite negative pole
Material and preparation method thereof.
Background technique
New material and clean energy resource are all the prior development directions of State-level, and lithium ion battery is in current energy storage technology
Most widely used energy storage battery core, improving battery core energy storage density is the target that the whole world is pursued, and battery core energy density mentions
Height depends on the progress of its positive and negative electrode material, but also bonds with the positive and negative anodes collector of lithium ion battery, positive and negative anodes
The progress of the materials such as agent, electrolyte and diaphragm is related.
Graphite cathode material is the critical material for forming lithium ion battery, and with its good cycle, stability is strong, price
It is cheap and its with compatibility of electrolyte the advantages that high and become negative electrode material primary selection, and at present graphite cathode material gram
The parameters such as capacity, high rate performance can no longer meet requirement of the market-oriented lithium ion battery to negative electrode material, therefore develop height
The negative electrode material of capacity seems abnormal urgent to meet the lithium ion battery needs of high-energy-density density.
Current high-capacity cathode material mainly has silicon-carbon cathode, tin base cathode etc., and with silicon-carbon cathode material technology
Relative maturity, current silicon-carbon cathode due in charge and discharge process volume expansion it is larger, product is difficult to industrial application.For
Silicon-carbon cathode there are the shortcomings that, studies in China person mainly pass through silicon materials surface cladding etc. measures reduce silicon materials expansion, than
If patent (CN105118974A) provides a kind of silicon based anode material and preparation method thereof, due to introducing carbon nano-fiber system
The volume expansion for reducing nano silicon particles avoids the phenomenon that silicon particle is broken and SEI film repeatedly generates, improves negative electrode material
Mechanical strength, but its there are preparation process it is complicated, stability is poor, complex process and its conductivity are poor the defects of.Meanwhile silicon
The electronic isolation of material is also required to further increase, to meet the needs of electrode high electron conduction.
In view of pure aluminum embedding lithium capacity with higher and suitable embedding lithium voltage, if silicon and aluminium can be carried out effectively multiple
It closes, the electron conduction of silicon materials can be improved, while introducing porous structure in electrode structure active material can be effectively relieved
Volume expansion problem, and then obtain the negative electrode active material of excellent combination property.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of lithium battery high capacity composite negative pole materials and preparation method thereof, this is compound
The characteristics of negative electrode material includes silicon, aluminium simple substance particle and carbon material, shows high porosity.Electrode material capacity of the invention
Height, good conductivity, service life are long, and solving current silicon-carbon cathode material, there are ask existing for expansion rate height, conductivity difference etc.
Topic, has the advantages that gram volume height, good cycle, high rate performance are good.It has a good application prospect in lithium battery;And this
It is invention simple production process, at low cost, environmental-friendly, the needs of large-scale industrial production can be met.
The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of lithium battery high capacity composite negative pole material mainly includes elementary silicon particle, aluminium simple substance particle and intergranular
Carbon network, wherein silicon, carbon material play high capacity characteristics, and carbon network plays electronic conduction function;The negative electrode material mechanical strength
Height, size adjustable range are wide, and battery performance is excellent.
The negative electrode material has three-dimensional porous structure, and hole is more than 25%, and average pore size is 0.08-0.5 μm, electrolysis
Liquid absorptivity is greater than 40%.
The average grain diameter of the silicon, aluminum nanoparticles be 20-1000nm, silicon, aluminium, carbon three mass ratio be (1-
10): (1-10): (1-10).
The carbon network is the main composition material of battery porous structure, and carbon material connects all silicon, aluminum particulate,
The conductive network of electrode interior formation effective.
The negative electrode material has ordered structure, and high mechanical strength, electrode capacity is more than 700mAh/ after recycling 100 times
g。
A kind of preparation method of lithium battery high capacity composite negative pole material includes the following steps:
1) raw material configure solution: using silicon, aluminum nanoparticles and resin as main material, being configured to according to a certain percentage molten
Liquid adds appropriate silane coupling agent, futher stirs, and obtains the solution that material is evenly distributed.
2) solution inversion of phases is preforming: by suitable above-mentioned solution striking at the wet film of specified thickness, in gas phase or liquid phase
Under the conditions of to carry out inversion of phases preforming, sufficiently use deionized water repeated flushing after molding, it is then dry to obtain membranaceous electrode material.
3) high temperature cabonization is handled: dry membranaceous electrode material being carried out high temperature cabonization in electric furnace, adjusts electrode interior
Micro-structure obtains high porosity, high capacity, high conductivity composite negative pole material.
Resin described in step (1) includes one or both of resin materials such as Kynoar, polyacrylonitrile, polysulfones
Mixing;The solution solid content is 15-55%.
The thickness adjustable extent of striking wet film described in step (2) is 50-2000 μm;The gas phase or liquid phase is preforming
Technique refers to dry or wet inversion of phases moulding process.
Preforming negative electrode material need to be clipped between plate by high temperature cabonization process described in step (3), and carburizing temperature is
600-1600 DEG C, carbonization time 2-8h, carburizing atmosphere is inert atmosphere.
Black, sheet, high-flexibility is presented in final composite negative pole material described in step (3), solves silicon-containing electrode
Dilatancy and insulating properties problem can be used for lithium battery directly as self-supporting negative electrode material.
According to lithium battery obtained by the above method high capacity composite negative pole material silicon with higher, aluminium load capacity;Tool
There is good electrons/ions conductibility;With good charge/discharge capacity and high current charge-discharge ability, while having excellent
Cycle life.The preparation method of electrode material of the present invention has simple process, and process cycle is short, energy conservation and environmental protection, is suitble to
The characteristics of large-scale production.
Specific embodiment
The technical scheme in the embodiments of the invention will be clearly and completely described below, it is clear that described implementation
Example is only a part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, this field is common
Technical staff's every other embodiment obtained without making creative work belongs to the model that the present invention protects
It encloses.
Embodiment 1
Using dimethylformamide as solvent, appropriate polyvinylidene fluoride resin is taken to add to above-mentioned solvent, it is strong at 350 turns/min
Power stirs 6h, obtains the resin solution that finely dispersed mass concentration is 24%;Take 3g, the silicon powder and 6g, grain that partial size is 45nm
Diameter is the aluminium powder of 100nm, adds in the above-mentioned resin solution of 100g, 2.5g Silane coupling agent KH550 is added, further 500
Turn/min strong stirring 12h, last preforming solution.
Using scraper, in the striking of cleaned glass plate surface with a thickness of 600 μm of wet film, the sky that epidemic disaster is 70% in room
30s is stood in gas, is finally placed in excessive deionized water and is impregnated, each 4h changes a water, and it is dry at 100 DEG C after replacing 4 times,
Obtain preform electrode material.
Above-mentioned preforming material is placed in electric furnace, in nitrogen atmosphere, be carbonized 3h at 1400 DEG C, finally obtains this hair
Bright composite negative pole material.
Negative electrode material structure and performance of the present invention;
320 μm of combination electrode thickness, porosity 42%, 0.15 μm of average pore size, electrolyte imbibition rate 43%.
Combination electrode and lithium piece are made into half-cell test, and discharge capacity is 1740mAh/ to battery for the first time under 0.2C current density
Discharge capacity of the cell is 1320mAh/g under g, 2C current density;Discharge capacity is after recycling 100 times under 0.5C current density
820mAh/g。
Embodiment 2
Using N-methyl pyrrolidones as solvent, appropriate polyacrylonitrile resin is taken to add to above-mentioned solvent, it is strong at 300 turns/min
Power stirs and obtains the resin solution that finely dispersed mass concentration is 20% for 24 hours;Take 6.5g, partial size be 30nm silicon powder and
2.5g, the aluminium powder that partial size is 600nm, add in the above-mentioned resin solution of 100g, add 1.5g Silane coupling agent KH550, into one
Step is stirred for 24 hours in 500 turns/min strength, last preforming solution.
Using scraper, in the striking of cleaned glass plate surface with a thickness of 2000 μm of wet film, the sky that epidemic disaster is 60% in room
10s is stood in gas, is finally placed in the baking oven that temperature is 80 DEG C, humidity is 90%, and 48h is kept to be placed on excessive deionization
Water keeps dry at 120 DEG C, acquisition preform electrode material after 6h.
Above-mentioned preforming material is placed in electric furnace, in nitrogen atmosphere, be carbonized 6h at 1200 DEG C, finally obtains this hair
Bright composite negative pole material.
Negative electrode material structure and performance of the present invention;
1150 μm of combination electrode thickness, porosity 36%, 0.08 μm of average pore size, electrolyte imbibition rate 57%.
Combination electrode and lithium piece are made into half-cell test, and discharge capacity is 1630mAh/ to battery for the first time under 0.2C current density
Discharge capacity of the cell is 1270mAh/g under g, 2C current density;Discharge capacity is after recycling 100 times under 0.5C current density
730mAh/g。
Embodiment 3
Using dimethyl sulfoxide as solvent, appropriate polysulfone resin is taken to add to above-mentioned solvent, the strong stirring at 100 turns/min
16h obtains the resin solution that finely dispersed mass concentration is 18%;Take 12g, the silicon powder and 10g, partial size that partial size is 100nm
For the aluminium powder of 50nm, adds in the above-mentioned resin solution of 100g, add 2g Silane coupling agent KH550, further in 500 turns/min
Strength is stirred for 24 hours, last preforming solution.
Using scraper, in the striking of cleaned glass plate surface with a thickness of 1200 μm of wet film, the sky that epidemic disaster is 30% in room
60s is stood in gas, is finally placed in excessive deionized water and is impregnated, each 4h changes a water, and it is dry at 100 DEG C after replacing 4 times,
Obtain preform electrode material.
Above-mentioned preforming material is placed in electric furnace, in nitrogen atmosphere, be carbonized 2.5h at 1600 DEG C, final to obtain this
The composite negative pole material of invention.
Negative electrode material structure and performance of the present invention;
720 μm of combination electrode thickness, porosity 38%, 0.37 μm of average pore size, electrolyte imbibition rate 45%.
Combination electrode and lithium piece are made into half-cell test, and discharge capacity is 1350mAh/ to battery for the first time under 0.2C current density
Discharge capacity of the cell is 1080mAh/g under g, 2C current density;Discharge capacity is after recycling 100 times under 0.5C current density
700mAh/g。
Embodiment 4
Using dimethylformamide as solvent, appropriate Kynoar/polyacrylonitrile (mass ratio 1:1) resin is taken to add to above-mentioned
Solvent, the strong stirring 18h at 550 turns/min obtain the resin solution that finely dispersed mass concentration is 20%;Take 2.2g,
The aluminium powder that silicon powder and 4.4g that partial size is 660nm, partial size are 1000nm, adds in the above-mentioned resin solution of 100g, further 500
Turn/min strong stirring 48h, last preforming solution.
Using scraper, on cleaned glass side, surface striking is with a thickness of 280 μm of wet film, the sky that epidemic disaster is 20% in room
10s is stood in gas, is finally placed in the baking oven that temperature is 50 DEG C, humidity is 70%, and holding is placed on excessive deionization for 24 hours
Water keeps dry at 110 DEG C, acquisition preform electrode material after 12h.
Above-mentioned preforming material is placed in electric furnace, in nitrogen atmosphere, be carbonized 4h at 850 DEG C, finally obtains this hair
Bright composite negative pole material.
Negative electrode material structure and performance of the present invention;
120 μm of combination electrode thickness, porosity 25%, 0.5 μm of average pore size, electrolyte imbibition rate 52%.
Combination electrode and lithium piece are made into half-cell test, and discharge capacity is 1570mAh/ to battery for the first time under 0.2C current density
Discharge capacity of the cell is 1210mAh/g under g, 2C current density;Discharge capacity is after recycling 100 times under 0.5C current density
890mAh/g。
Embodiment the result shows that, a kind of lithium battery high capacity composite negative pole material provided by the invention includes elementary silicon
Grain, aluminium simple substance particle and intergranular carbon network show three flourishing microchannel structures, are conducive to electrode Electolyte-absorptive,
Strengthen the electronics and ion transport rate of electrode interior.The negative electrode material has high capacity, high conductivity and longevity in the battery
The characteristic of life.The technology effectively solves the defect of silicon materials dilatancy and insulating properties, before having good application in lithium battery
Scape.Meanwhile technology of preparing of the invention has many advantages, such as simple process, at low cost, without expensive production equipment, operation letter
Single, high production efficiency is, it can be achieved that large-scale industrial production.
Claims (6)
- It mainly include elementary silicon particle, aluminium simple substance particle and intergranular 1. a kind of lithium battery high capacity composite negative pole material Carbon network, carbon network are the main composition material of electrode porous structure, and carbon material connects all silicon, aluminum particulate, in electrode Portion forms the conductive network of effective, and the negative electrode material has three-dimensional porous structure, and hole is more than 25%, average pore size Be 0.08-0.5 μm, electrolyte absorptivity be greater than 40%, the silicon, aluminium simple substance particle average grain diameter be 20-1000nm, Silicon, aluminium, carbon three mass ratio be (1-10): (1-10): (1-10).
- 2. a kind of lithium battery preparation method of high capacity composite negative pole material, it is characterised in that: preparation process includes following step It is rapid:1) raw material configure solution: using silicon, aluminum nanoparticles and resin as main material, it is configured to solution according to a certain percentage, Appropriate silane coupling agent is added, is futher stirred, the solution that material is evenly distributed is obtained;2) solution inversion of phases is preforming: by suitable above-mentioned solution striking at the wet film of specified thickness, in gas phase or liquid-phase condition Lower progress inversion of phases is preforming, is sufficiently washed repeatedly after molding with deionized water, then dry to obtain membranaceous electrode material;3) high temperature cabonization is handled: dry membranaceous electrode material being carried out high temperature cabonization in electric furnace, adjusts the micro- knot of electrode interior Structure obtains high porosity, high capacity, high conductivity composite negative pole material.
- 3. preparation method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the resin includes Kynoar, polypropylene The mixing of one or both of resin materials such as nitrile, polysulfones;The solution solid content is 15~55%.
- 4. preparation method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the wet-film thickness adjustable extent is 50-2000 μ m;The gas phase or liquid phase preforming process refers to dry or wet inversion of phases moulding process.
- 5. preparation method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the high temperature cabonization process need to be by preforming cathode Material clip is between plate, and carburizing temperature is 600~1600 DEG C, and carbonization time is 2~8h, and carburizing atmosphere is inert atmosphere.
- 6. a kind of application of high capacity composite negative pole material of lithium battery, it is flexible that black, sheet, height is presented in composite negative pole material Property, lithium battery can be used for directly as self-supporting negative electrode material.
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