CN109767097B - River longitudinal connectivity evaluation method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a river longitudinal connectivity evaluation method, which belongs to the technical field of environmental evaluation and comprises the following steps: step 1, searching river flow barriers in a research area and recording the number, height, length, water storage capacity and geographical position of the river flow barriers in the research area; step 2, evaluating each river barrier independently, wherein the evaluation indexes comprise: the current situation of fish resources, the passing rate of fish, the passing difficulty, the number of habitats and the quality of habitats are recorded; and 3, on the basis of the evaluation results of the river barriers obtained in the step 2, giving weights according to the positions of the river barriers away from the river mouths, and carrying out weighted average on the evaluation results to obtain the river longitudinal connectivity in the research area. According to the invention, the calculation and correction of the river longitudinal connectivity are completed by taking the diversity index of the current situation of the fish resource, the fish passing rate, the passing difficulty, the number of the habitats and the quality of the habitats as references.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental evaluation, and particularly relates to a river longitudinal connectivity evaluation method.
Background
With economic development, climate change and human activities have a major impact on the river's connected pattern, especially man-made structures such as weirs, gates, weirs may hinder or prevent fish from reaching the necessary habitat, possibly affecting fish distribution, population structure, reproductive success and spread of many species. A series of problems of water ecology, water environment and water safety caused by the obstruction of connectivity severely restrict the sustainable development of regional economy and society. Therefore, the connectivity evaluation is of great significance for building structures such as gate dams, building positions of such structures, and the like. However, the conventional connectivity evaluation is generally based on hydrologic and hydrodynamic characteristics, and does not consider the situation of excessive organisms and the quality of habitats thereof, and does not correct the connectivity value. Based on the method, a set of method for evaluating the longitudinal connectivity of the river under the hydropower development background is established, and qualitative evaluation is carried out on the current situation of structures such as hydropower development and the like so as to better serve in the process of regional strategic planning and engineering construction.
For example, the Chinese patent application number is: CN201810471502.0 discloses a water system connectivity evaluation method, which digitizes the river network of a target area to obtain river network data reflecting water system connectivity; establishing an evaluation system of water system connectivity according to the river network data; selecting principal components in the system by adopting a principal component analysis method, and weighting the principal components by adopting an entropy value method; and determining a comprehensive water system connectivity score of the area, and further analyzing the change of the water system connectivity. Wherein, water system connectivity evaluation system comprises first grade index layer and second grade index layer: the quantity connectivity indexes comprise river network density and water surface rate; the structural connectivity indexes comprise a river network development coefficient, an area length ratio and an average path length; the functional connectivity indexes comprise clustering coefficients, node degrees and node average betweenness. The indexes are classified and counted, and a comprehensive score is obtained through a principal component analysis method and an entropy value method, so that the change of the water system connectivity is objectively analyzed, and a basis is provided for the health of rivers and lakes and the functional analysis of the water system. However, the patent does not refer to the problems of water ecology, water environment and water safety.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a river longitudinal connectivity evaluation method aiming at the defects of the prior art.
The river longitudinal connectivity evaluation method comprises the following steps:
step 1, searching river flow barriers in a research area and recording the number, height, length, water storage capacity and geographical position of the river flow barriers in the research area;
step 2, evaluating each river barrier independently, wherein the evaluation indexes comprise: the current situation of fish resources, the passing rate of fish, the passing difficulty, the number of habitats and the quality of habitats are recorded;
step 3, on the basis of the evaluation results of the river barriers obtained in the step 2, weights are given according to the positions of the river barriers away from the river mouths, and weighted average is carried out on the evaluation results to obtain the river longitudinal connectivity in the research area;
further, the calculation method of each evaluation index in step 2 is as follows:
1) the diversity scoring mode of the current situation of the fish resources of the single river barrier is as follows:
the diversity index of the fish family is greater than 9, the diversity index of the genus is greater than 5, the score is 5, and the diversity status is good;
diversity index of fish family [8, 9), diversity index of genus [4, 5), score 4, diversity status is better;
diversity index of fish family [7, 8), diversity index of genus [3, 4), score 3, diversity status medium;
diversity index of fish family [6, 7), diversity index of genus [2, 3), score 2, diversity status is poor;
the diversity index of fish family is <6, the diversity index of genus is <2, the score is 1, and the diversity status is poor;
2) the fish passage rate of a single river barrier is calculated as follows:
the fish passage rate of a single river barrier is:
wherein P is the fish passage rate of a single river barrier, vuAverage flow velocity, v, for each cross-section of the upstream region of a single river barrierdThe average flow velocity of each section of the downstream area of the single river barrier;
when the passing rate of the fishes is greater than 0.95, the grade is 5, and the passing rate condition is good;
when the passing rate of the fishes is 0.9-0.95, the score is 4, and the passing rate condition is better;
when the passing rate of the fishes is 0.8-0.9, the passing rate is 3, and the passing rate condition is medium;
when the fish passing rate is 0.6-0.8, the score is 2, and the passing rate condition is poor;
when the passing rate of the fishes is less than 0.6, the grade is 1, and the passing rate condition is poor;
3) the evaluation formula of the passing difficulty of the fishes of the single river barrier is as follows:
defining D as the product of the fish passing rate of the single river barrier to be evaluated and the single river barrier at the upstream, wherein the calculation formula of D is as follows: d ═ Pn*Pn-1，PnFish passage rate, P, for a single river barrier to be evaluatedn-1Fish passage rate of a single river barrier upstream of the single river barrier to be evaluated;
defining K as the distance between the single river barrier to be evaluated and the upstream single river barrier;
when D < 30%, K <50, fish passage difficulty for a single river barrier was scored as 1;
when D is less than 30%, K belongs to [50,100], the pass difficulty of the fishes of the single river barrier is scored as 2;
when D < 30%, K >150, fish passage difficulty for a single river barrier was scored as 3;
when D ∈ [ 30%, 70% ], K <50, the fish passing difficulty of a single river barrier is scored as 2;
when D belongs to [ 30%, 70% ], and K belongs to [50,100], the passing difficulty of the fishes of the single river barrier is scored as 3;
when D ∈ [ 30%, 70% ], K >150, the fish pass difficulty score for a single river barrier 4;
when D > 70%, K <50, fish passage difficulty for a single river barrier was scored as 3;
when D is greater than 70%, K belongs to [50,100], the pass difficulty of fish in a single river barrier is scored as 4;
when D > 70%, K >150, fish passage difficulty for a single river barrier was scored as 5;
4) the habitat number of a single river barrier is scored as follows:
a river length >50km from an upstream single river barrier is scored as 5;
a river length between (40, 50] km and an upstream single river barrier of 4;
a river length between the upstream single river barrier (35, 40] km, scored 3;
a river length between (30, 35] km and an upstream single river barrier of 2;
a score of 1 when the river length between the upstream single river barrier and the upstream single river barrier is ≦ 30 km;
5) the habitat quality evaluation mode of the single river barrier is characterized in that the evaluation mode is carried out according to the Chinese national surface water environment quality standard as follows:
the water quality standard II is reached, the score is 5, and the habitat quality is excellent;
the water quality reaches the water quality standard III class, the score is 4, and the habitat quality is good;
reach water quality standard IV class, score is 3, in the habitat quality;
the water quality reaches the water quality standard V type, the score is 2, and the habitat quality is poor;
the water quality standard is achieved, the class V is poor, the score is 1, and the habitat quality is extremely poor;
further, in step 2, 1),
the diversity index calculation formula of the department is as follows:
in the formula, pi＝Wki/Wk，WkiIs equal to the number of species in the genus Kkoi, WkNumber of species equal to K family, n equal number of genera in K family, m equal number of families;
the diversity index calculation formula of the genus is as follows:
in the formula, qj＝Wj/W，WjEqual to that in genus jThe number of fish, W is equal to the total number of fish and p is equal to the number of fish genera.
Further, in 3) of step 2, PnAnd Pn-1The calculation method of (2) is the same as that of formula 1.
Further, in the step 2, 5), the national surface water environment quality standard is GB 3838-2002.
Further, in step 3, the river longitudinal connectivity is calculated as follows:
the evaluation mode of the river longitudinal connectivity is as follows:
a C value >20, the rating is good;
c value [15, 20), the rating is better;
c value [10, 15), grade medium;
c value [5, 10), the rating was poor;
c value <5, rated poor;
further, in step 3, the evaluation criterion of the comprehensive connectivity coefficient Q is as follows:
when the average number of the dams of hundred kilometers is less than 1/100 km, the value of Q is 1;
when the average number of the dams is [1, 2 ]) per 100km, the value of Q is 0.75;
when the average number of the dams is [2, 3 ]) per 100km, the value of Q is 0.5;
when the average number of the dams is [3, 4 ]) per 100km, the value of Q is 0.25;
when the average number of the dams of hundred kilometers is more than or equal to 4/100 km, the value of Q is 0.1.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the method for evaluating the longitudinal connectivity of the river, disclosed by the invention, the calculation and the correction of the longitudinal connectivity of the river are completed under the condition of considering the mass of multiple organisms and the habitats thereof by taking the diversity index, the fish passing rate, the passing difficulty, the habitats quantity and the habitats quality of the current situation of fish resources as references.
2. The method for evaluating the longitudinal connectivity of the river mainly aims at the ecological health under river barriers and provides a reference for ecological influence under the condition of gate dam improvement or engineering.
3. According to the river longitudinal connectivity evaluation method, a comprehensive connectivity coefficient Q is innovatively given, so that a quantitative numerical result is closer to a numerical result under the actual improved situation of the gate dam.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The river longitudinal connectivity evaluation method comprises the following steps:
step 1, searching river flow barriers in a research area and recording the number, height, length, water storage capacity and geographical position of the river flow barriers in the research area;
and 2, independently evaluating each single river barrier, wherein evaluation indexes comprise: the current situation of fish resources of the single river barrier, the passing rate of the fish of the single river barrier, the passing difficulty of the single river barrier, the number of habitats of the single river barrier and the quality of the habitats of the single river barrier are recorded; wherein:
1) the diversity scoring mode of the current situation of the fish resources of the single river barrier is as follows:
the diversity index calculation formula of the department is as follows:
in the formula, pi＝Wki/Wk，WkiIs equal to the number of species in the genus Kkoi, WkNumber of species equal to K family, n equal number of genera in K family, m equal number of families;
the diversity index calculation formula of the genus is as follows:
in the formula, qj＝Wj/W，WjEqual to the number of species in the genus j, W equal to the total number of fish species, p equal to the number of fish genera;
the diversity index of the fish family is greater than 9, the diversity index of the genus is greater than 5, the score is 5, and the diversity status is good;
diversity index of fish family [8, 9), diversity index of genus [4, 5), score 4, diversity status is better;
diversity index of fish family [7, 8), diversity index of genus [3, 4), score 3, diversity status medium;
diversity index of fish family [6, 7), diversity index of genus [2, 3), score 2, diversity status is poor;
the diversity index of fish family is <6, the diversity index of genus is <2, the score is 1, and the diversity status is poor;
2) the fish passage rate of a single river barrier is calculated as follows:
the fish passage rate of a single river barrier is:
wherein P is the fish passage rate of a single river barrier, vuAverage flow velocity, v, for each cross-section of the upstream region of a single river barrierdThe average flow velocity of each section of the downstream area of the single river barrier;
when the passing rate of the fishes is greater than 0.95, the grade is 5, and the passing rate condition is good;
when the passing rate of the fishes is 0.9-0.95, the score is 4, and the passing rate condition is better;
when the passing rate of the fishes is 0.8-0.9, the passing rate is 3, and the passing rate condition is medium;
when the fish passing rate is 0.6-0.8, the score is 2, and the passing rate condition is poor;
when the passing rate of the fishes is less than 0.6, the grade is 1, and the passing rate condition is poor;
3) the evaluation formula of the passing difficulty of the fishes of the single river barrier is as follows:
defining D as the product of the fish passing rate of the single river barrier to be evaluated and the single river barrier at the upstream, wherein the calculation formula of D is as follows: d ═ Pn*Pn-1，PnFish passage rate, P, for a single river barrier to be evaluatedn-1Fish passage rate of a single river barrier upstream of the single river barrier to be evaluated; pnAnd Pn-1The calculation mode of (A) is the same as formula 1;
defining K as the distance between the single river barrier to be evaluated and the upstream single river barrier;
when D < 30%, K <50, fish passage difficulty for a single river barrier was scored as 1;
when D is less than 30%, K belongs to [50,100], the pass difficulty of the fishes of the single river barrier is scored as 2;
when D < 30%, K >150, fish passage difficulty for a single river barrier was scored as 3;
when D ∈ [ 30%, 70% ], K <50, the fish passing difficulty of a single river barrier is scored as 2;
when D belongs to [ 30%, 70% ], and K belongs to [50,100], the passing difficulty of the fishes of the single river barrier is scored as 3;
when D ∈ [ 30%, 70% ], K >150, the fish pass difficulty score for a single river barrier 4;
when D > 70%, K <50, fish passage difficulty for a single river barrier was scored as 3;
when D is greater than 70%, K belongs to [50,100], the pass difficulty of fish in a single river barrier is scored as 4;
when D > 70%, K >150, fish passage difficulty for a single river barrier was scored as 5;
4) the habitat number of a single river barrier is scored as follows:
a river length >50km from an upstream single river barrier is scored as 5;
a river length between (40, 50] km and an upstream single river barrier of 4;
a river length between the upstream single river barrier (35, 40] km, scored 3;
a river length between (30, 35] km and an upstream single river barrier of 2;
a score of 1 when the river length between the upstream single river barrier and the upstream single river barrier is ≦ 30 km;
5) the habitat quality evaluation mode of the single river barrier is as follows:
grading according to the national surface water environment quality standard;
the water quality standard II is reached, the score is 5, and the habitat quality is excellent;
the water quality reaches the water quality standard III class, the score is 4, and the habitat quality is good;
reach water quality standard IV class, score is 3, in the habitat quality;
the water quality reaches the water quality standard V type, the score is 2, and the habitat quality is poor;
the water quality standard is achieved, the class V is poor, the score is 1, and the habitat quality is extremely poor;
step 3, on the basis of the evaluation results of the river barriers obtained in the step 2, weights are given according to the positions of the river barriers away from the river mouths, and weighted average is carried out on the evaluation results to obtain the river longitudinal connectivity in the research area;
the river longitudinal connectivity is calculated as follows:
the evaluation standard of the comprehensive connectivity coefficient Q is as follows:
when the average number of the dams of hundred kilometers is less than 1/100 km, the value of Q is 1;
when the average number of the dams is [1, 2 ]) per 100km, the value of Q is 0.75;
when the average number of the dams is [2, 3 ]) per 100km, the value of Q is 0.5;
when the average number of the dams is [3, 4 ]) per 100km, the value of Q is 0.25;
when the average number of the dams of hundred kilometers is more than or equal to 4/100 km, the value of Q is 0.1;
the evaluation mode of the river longitudinal connectivity is as follows:
a C value >20, the rating is good;
c value [15, 20), the rating is better;
c value [10, 15), grade medium;
c value [5, 10), the rating was poor;
c value <5, the rating is poor.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the claims of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A river longitudinal connectivity evaluation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, searching river flow barriers in a research area and recording the number, height, length, water storage capacity and geographical position of the river flow barriers in the research area;
step 2, evaluating each river barrier independently, wherein the evaluation indexes comprise: the current situation of fish resources, the passing rate of fish, the passing difficulty, the number of habitats and the quality of habitats are recorded;
step 3, on the basis of the evaluation results of the river barriers obtained in the step 2, weights are given according to the positions of the river barriers away from the river mouths, and weighted average is carried out on the evaluation results to obtain the river longitudinal connectivity in the research area;
the calculation method of each evaluation index in the step 2 is as follows:
1) the diversity scoring mode of the current situation of the fish resources of the single river barrier is as follows:
the diversity index of the fish family is greater than 9, the diversity index of the genus is greater than 5, the score is 5, and the diversity status is good;
diversity index of fish family [8, 9), diversity index of genus [4, 5), score 4, diversity status is better;
diversity index of fish family [7, 8), diversity index of genus [3, 4), score 3, diversity status medium;
diversity index of fish family [6, 7), diversity index of genus [2, 3), score 2, diversity status is poor;
the diversity index of fish family is <6, the diversity index of genus is <2, the score is 1, and the diversity status is poor;
the diversity index calculation formula of the department is as follows:
in the formula, DfIs the diversity index of the family, DfkIs a certain similarity index of the family, pi＝Wki/Wk，WkiIs equal to the number of species in the genus Kkoi, WkNumber of species equal to K family, n equal number of genera in K family, m equal number of families;
the diversity index calculation formula of the genus is as follows:
in the formula, DgIs a diversity index of genera, DgiIs a certain similarity index of the genus, qj＝Wj/W，WjEqual to the number of species in the genus j, W equal to the total number of fish species, p equal to the number of fish genera;
2) the fish passage rate of a single river barrier is calculated as follows:
the fish passage rate of a single river barrier is:
wherein P is the fish passage rate of a single river barrier, vuAverage flow velocity, v, for each cross-section of the upstream region of a single river barrierdThe average flow velocity of each section of the downstream area of the single river barrier;
when the passing rate of the fishes is greater than 0.95, the grade is 5, and the passing rate condition is good;
when the passing rate of the fishes is 0.9-0.95, the score is 4, and the passing rate condition is better;
when the passing rate of the fishes is 0.8-0.9, the passing rate is 3, and the passing rate condition is medium;
when the fish passing rate is 0.6-0.8, the score is 2, and the passing rate condition is poor;
when the passing rate of the fishes is less than 0.6, the grade is 1, and the passing rate condition is poor;
3) the evaluation formula of the passing difficulty of the fishes of the single river barrier is as follows:
defining D as the product of the fish passing rate of the single river barrier to be evaluated and the single river barrier at the upstream, wherein the calculation formula of D is as follows: d ═ Pn*Pn-1，PnFish passage rate, P, for a single river barrier to be evaluatedn-1Fish passage rate of a single river barrier upstream of the single river barrier to be evaluated;
defining K as the distance between a single river barrier to be evaluated and an upstream single river barrier, wherein the unit is km;
when D < 30%, K <50, fish passage difficulty for a single river barrier was scored as 1;
when D is less than 30%, K belongs to [50,100] km, the passing difficulty of the fishes of the single river barrier is scored as 2;
when D < 30%, K >100km, the fish passing difficulty of a single river barrier is scored as 3;
when D belongs to [ 30%, 70% ], and K is less than 50km, the passing difficulty of the fishes of the single river barrier is scored as 2;
when D belongs to [ 30%, 70% ], and K belongs to [50,100] km, the passing difficulty of the fishes of the single river barrier is scored as 3;
when D belongs to [ 30%, 70% ], K >150km, the fish passing difficulty of the single river barrier is scored 4;
when D > 70%, K <50km, fish passing difficulty for a single river barrier is scored as 3;
when D is greater than 70%, K belongs to [50,100] km, the passing difficulty of the fishes of the single river barrier is scored as 4;
when D is more than 70%, K is more than 150km, the passing difficulty of the fishes of the single river barrier is scored as 5;
4) the habitat number of a single river barrier is scored as follows:
a river length >50km from an upstream single river barrier is scored as 5;
a river length between (40, 50] km and an upstream single river barrier of 4;
a river length between the upstream single river barrier (35, 40] km, scored 3;
a river length between (30, 35] km and an upstream single river barrier of 2;
when the river length between the upstream single river barrier and the upstream single river barrier is less than or equal to 30km, the score is 1;
5) the habitat quality evaluation mode of the single river barrier is as follows:
grading according to the national surface water environment quality standard;
the water quality standard II is reached, the score is 5, and the habitat quality is excellent;
the water quality reaches the water quality standard III class, the score is 4, and the habitat quality is good;
reach water quality standard IV class, score is 3, in the habitat quality;
the water quality reaches the water quality standard V type, the score is 2, and the habitat quality is poor;
the water quality standard is achieved, the class V is poor, the score is 1, and the habitat quality is extremely poor;
in the step 3, the river longitudinal connectivity calculation formula is as follows:
the evaluation mode of the river longitudinal connectivity is as follows:
when the C value is more than or equal to 20, the rating is good;
c value [15, 20), the rating is better;
c value [10, 15), grade medium;
c value [5, 10), the rating was poor;
c value <5, the rating is poor.
2. The method for evaluating the longitudinal connectivity of a river according to claim 1, wherein in step 2, 3), PnAnd Pn-1The calculation method of (A) is the same as the formula
3. The method for evaluating the longitudinal connectivity of a river according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, in the step 5), the national surface water environment quality standard is GB3838-2002 standard.
4. The method for evaluating the longitudinal connectivity of a river according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, the evaluation criteria of the comprehensive coefficient of connectivity Q are as follows:
when the average number of the dams is less than 1, the value of Q is 1;
average number of dam of hundred kilometers is [1, 2 ], and Q value is 0.75;
average number of dam of hundred kilometers is [2, 3), Q value is 0.5;
average number of dam of hundred kilometers is [3, 4), Q value is 0.25;
the average number of the dams per hundred kilometers is more than or equal to 4, and the value of Q is 0.1.
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