CN109765535A - The analogy method and simulator of ultrahigh speed target radar returns - Google Patents
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of ultrahigh speed target radar returns analogy method and simulators, belong to Radar Technology field.Using the ultrahigh speed target radar returns analogy method and simulator of the invention, intermediate-freuqncy signal is demodulated to zero intermediate frequency using quadrature demodulation technology by down conversion module；Again by time delay and change of scale module addition range information and ultrahigh speed echoing characteristics；By doppler modular adding speed information；Then zero intermediate frequency signals are modulated to intermediate frequency by up-converter module and generate analogue echoes signal.So as to react the change of scale phenomenon and Doppler dispersion phenomenon of ultrahigh speed target echo, the simulation precision of radar echo signal greatly improved, especially suitable for ultrahigh speed target radar returns signal imitation, and the implementation of ultrahigh speed target radar returns analogy method of the invention is simple, cost of implementation is cheap, the structure of ultrahigh speed target radar returns simulator of the invention is simple, and application range is also quite extensive.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Radar Technology fields, in particular to radar simulator technical field, in particular to a kind of ultrahigh speed
The analogy method and simulator of target radar returns.
Background technique
With the development of military technology, the movement velocity of aircraft is continuously improved, and develops the thunder for being directed to hypersonic target
Up to extremely urgent.And whether the performance for verifying a radar can satisfy requirement, need actual test.Traditional method be using
Aircraft carries out outfield experiments, and flexibility is poor, and the R&D cycle is long, be unfavorable for the rapid development of modern radar.Radar simulator
It is the product that Radar Technology is combined with imitation technology, target echo signal is generated by way of software and hardware combining, it is multiple
The processes such as generation, the transmitting of existing radar echo signal, to simulate real goal.
The electromagnetic wave of radar emission is after target reflects, and waveform can change because of the movement velocity of target, therefore thunder
The velocity information of target is contained up to echo, and target then reflects between target and radar relative to the time delay of transmitted wave
Range information, radar exactly according to the two features detects target.
For moving target, there is compression or broadening effect relative to transmitting signal in the time domain, work as gtoal setting in echo
When radar motion, pinch effect is presented；Broadening effect is presented when target is far from radar motion.Variation in this time domain is inevitable
It can cause the variation of signal spectrum, as Doppler dispersion phenomenon.When target velocity is lower and radar signal integration time is shorter
When, influence very little of the change of scale phenomenon of echo to radar system detection performance can be ignored；When target velocity is lower and thunder
When relatively narrow up to signal bandwidth, influence very little of the Doppler dispersion phenomenon to radar system performance can also be ignored；But when target is done
When hypersonic moves, the change of scale phenomenon and Doppler dispersion phenomenon of echo cannot be had ignored.
If target changes with time relationship for v (t), between 0 moment target and radar relative to the radial velocity of radar
Distance be R, the emission time of electromagnetic wave is ts, time of reception tr, electromagnetic wave and target are met constantly as t, light velocity c, root
It is available according to the variation of distance between radar and target and Electromagnetic Wave Propagation rule
It is in what moment transmitting and received, when transmitting respectively that above formula, which describes the electromagnetic wave that t moment is beaten in target,
Carve tsIt is t with the time of receptionrAll it is the function of moment t, enables tsAnd trTo t derivation and it is divided by obtain
Above formula is the instantaneous change of scale factor of the echo relative to transmitting signal, mesh when it is got in target by electromagnetic wave
Target radial velocity determines.
It enablesThen have
dts=α (tr)dtr
Wherein, α (tr) physical significance be trThe echo that reception arrives is relative to transmitted wave time tsChange of scale because
Son.Quadraturing to above formula both sides can obtain:
In formula, Δ t0When one constant, value can enable tr=0 solves.Therefore trWhen the electromagnetic wave that reception arrivesMoment transmitting, if transmitted waveform is Ss(t), echo-signal expression formula is Sr(t), then have
If known transmitting signal Ss(t), radar echo signal is by distance between target velocity v (t) and 0 moment target and radar
R is uniquely determined.
It how based on above mathematical relationship, provides a kind of suitable for ultrahigh speed target, ultrahigh speed target can be reacted
The change of scale phenomenon and Doppler dispersion phenomenon of echo, to improve the radar echo simulation method and simulator of simulation precision
As this field urgent problem to be solved.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is overcome it is above-mentioned in the prior art the shortcomings that, provide one kind can react ultrahigh speed target return
The change of scale phenomenon and Doppler dispersion phenomenon of wave, so that simulation precision is greatly improved, especially suitable for ultrahigh speed target thunder
Up to the radar echo simulation method and simulator of simulated radar echo.
In order to achieve the above purpose, ultrahigh speed target radar returns of the invention analogy method the following steps are included:
(1) intermediate-freuqncy signal is demodulated to zero intermediate frequency signals using quadrature demodulation technology by down conversion module；
(2) time delay and change of scale module add range information in the zero intermediate frequency signals and ultrahigh speed echo is special
Property；
(3) doppler modular adding speed information in the zero intermediate frequency signals；
(4) zero intermediate frequency signals are modulated to intermediate frequency and generate analogue echoes signal by up-converter module.
In the analogy method of the ultrahigh speed target radar returns, the step (1) specifically:
The intermediate-freuqncy signal of input is multiplied with cosine signal and sinusoidal signal by down conversion module respectively, using low-pass filtering
Device obtains IQ two-way orthogonal signalling.
In the analogy method of the ultrahigh speed target radar returns, the step (2) specifically includes the following steps:
(21) time delay submodule caches the zero intermediate frequency signals, reaches delay effect, with add target away from
From information；
(22) change of scale submodule carries out interpolation arithmetic to the zero intermediate frequency signals, to realize that the scale of signal becomes
It changes.
In the analogy method of the ultrahigh speed target radar returns, the step (22) specifically includes the following steps:
(221) change of scale submodule calculates the position for needing interpolation according to target speed information in real time；
(222) change of scale submodule passes through the data needed for the mobile acquisition interpolation of position that cache and fetch；
(223) change of scale submodule carries out interpolation operation using linear interpolation method, realizes the compression or exhibition of echo-signal
It is wide.
In the analogy method of the ultrahigh speed target radar returns, the step (3) specifically:
Doppler modular generates cosine signal and sinusoidal signal by two DDS, is multiplied, passes through with IQ two paths of signals respectively
Productization and difference realize frequency displacement operation, with adding speed information.
In the analogy method of the ultrahigh speed target radar returns, the step (4) specifically:
Up-converter module carries out IQ two paths of signals to take out under 2 times respectively, then carries out 3 times of interpolations respectively, then carries out exempting to mix
The frequency up-conversion operation of frequency formula, obtains intermediate-freuqncy signal.
The present invention also provides a kind of ultrahigh speed target radar returns simulator, the ultrahigh speed target radar returns simulator bases
It is realized in FPGA comprising: down conversion module, time delay and change of scale module, doppler modular and up-converter module.
Wherein, down conversion module is to be demodulated to zero intermediate frequency signals for intermediate-freuqncy signal using quadrature demodulation technology；Time delay with
Change of scale module in the zero intermediate frequency signals to add range information and ultrahigh speed echoing characteristics；Doppler modular is used
With the adding speed information in the zero intermediate frequency signals；Up-converter module is modulating the zero intermediate frequency signals to intermediate frequency
Generate analogue echoes signal.
In the ultrahigh speed target radar returns simulator, the specific intermediate-freuqncy signal will input of the down conversion module
It is multiplied respectively with cosine signal and sinusoidal signal, using low-pass filter, obtains IQ two-way orthogonal signalling.
In the ultrahigh speed target radar returns simulator, the time delay is specifically included with change of scale module: time delay
Module and change of scale submodule.Time delay submodule reaches delay effect caching to the zero intermediate frequency signals, with
Add the range information of target；Change of scale submodule is to carry out interpolation arithmetic to the zero intermediate frequency signals, to realize letter
Number change of scale.
In the ultrahigh speed target radar returns simulator, the change of scale submodule is specifically to according to target velocity
Information calculates the position for needing interpolation in real time；Data needed for mobile acquisition interpolation by the position that caches and fetch；And it uses
Linear interpolation method carries out interpolation operation, realizes the compression or broadening of echo-signal.
In the ultrahigh speed target radar returns simulator, the doppler modular by two DDS specifically to be generated
Cosine signal and sinusoidal signal are multiplied with IQ two paths of signals respectively, realize frequency displacement operation by productization and difference, are believed with adding speed
Breath.
In the ultrahigh speed target radar returns simulator, the up-converter module is specifically to distinguish IQ two paths of signals
Taken out under 2 times, then carry out 3 times of interpolations respectively, then carries out the frequency up-conversion operation for exempting from mixing type, obtain intermediate-freuqncy signal.
Using the ultrahigh speed target radar returns analogy method and simulator of the invention, down conversion module utilizes orthogonal
Intermediate-freuqncy signal is demodulated to zero intermediate frequency by demodulation techniques；Again by time delay and change of scale module addition range information and ultrahigh speed echo
Characteristic；By doppler modular adding speed information；Then zero intermediate frequency signals are modulated to intermediate frequency by up-converter module and generate echo
Analog signal.So as to react the change of scale phenomenon and Doppler dispersion phenomenon of ultrahigh speed target echo, greatly improved
The simulation precision of radar echo signal, especially suitable for ultrahigh speed target radar returns signal imitation, and ultrahigh speed of the invention
The implementation of target radar returns analogy method is simple, and cost of implementation is cheap, ultrahigh speed target radar returns mould of the invention
The structure of quasi- device is simple, and application range is also quite extensive.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the step flow chart of the analogy method of ultrahigh speed target radar returns of the invention.
Fig. 2 is that the ultrahigh speed target echo of the analogy method of ultrahigh speed target radar returns of the invention generates overall plan
Schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is the down coversion implementation method schematic diagram in the analogy method of ultrahigh speed target radar returns of the invention.
Fig. 4 is the linear interpolation procedure chart in the analogy method of ultrahigh speed target radar returns of the invention.
Fig. 5 is the doppler modular structure chart in the analogy method of ultrahigh speed target radar returns of the invention.
Fig. 6 is the up-converter module structure chart in the analogy method of ultrahigh speed target radar returns of the invention.
Specific embodiment
In order to be more clearly understood that technology contents of the invention, spy lifts following embodiment and is described in detail.
Refering to Figure 1, the step flow chart of the analogy method for ultrahigh speed target radar returns of the invention.
In one embodiment, the ultrahigh speed target radar returns analogy method the following steps are included:
(1) intermediate-freuqncy signal is demodulated to zero intermediate frequency signals using quadrature demodulation technology by down conversion module；
(2) time delay and change of scale module add range information in the zero intermediate frequency signals and ultrahigh speed echo is special
Property；
(3) doppler modular adding speed information in the zero intermediate frequency signals；
(4) zero intermediate frequency signals are modulated to intermediate frequency and generate analogue echoes signal by up-converter module.
In a preferred embodiment, the step (1) specifically:
The intermediate-freuqncy signal of input is multiplied with cosine signal and sinusoidal signal by down conversion module respectively, using low-pass filtering
Device obtains IQ two-way orthogonal signalling.
The step (2) specifically includes the following steps:
(21) time delay submodule caches the zero intermediate frequency signals, reaches delay effect, with add target away from
From information；
(22) change of scale submodule carries out interpolation arithmetic to the zero intermediate frequency signals, to realize that the scale of signal becomes
It changes.
The step (3) specifically:
Doppler modular generates cosine signal and sinusoidal signal by two DDS, is multiplied, passes through with IQ two paths of signals respectively
Productization and difference realize frequency displacement operation, with adding speed information.
The step (4) specifically:
Up-converter module carries out IQ two paths of signals to take out under 2 times respectively, then carries out 3 times of interpolations respectively, then carries out exempting to mix
The frequency up-conversion operation of frequency formula, obtains intermediate-freuqncy signal.
In preferred embodiment, the step (22) specifically includes the following steps:
(221) change of scale submodule calculates the position for needing interpolation according to target speed information in real time；
(222) change of scale submodule passes through the data needed for the mobile acquisition interpolation of position that cache and fetch；
(223) change of scale submodule carries out interpolation operation using linear interpolation method, realizes the compression or exhibition of echo-signal
It is wide.
The present invention also provides a kind of ultrahigh speed target radar returns simulators, in one embodiment, the ultrahigh speed mesh
Radar echo simulator is marked to realize based on FPGA comprising: down conversion module, time delay and change of scale module, doppler modular
And up-converter module.
Wherein, down conversion module is to be demodulated to zero intermediate frequency signals for intermediate-freuqncy signal using quadrature demodulation technology；Time delay with
Change of scale module in the zero intermediate frequency signals to add range information and ultrahigh speed echoing characteristics；Doppler modular is used
With the adding speed information in the zero intermediate frequency signals；Up-converter module is modulating the zero intermediate frequency signals to intermediate frequency
Generate analogue echoes signal.
In a preferred embodiment, the down conversion module specifically to the intermediate-freuqncy signal that will input respectively with cosine
Signal is multiplied with sinusoidal signal, using low-pass filter, obtains IQ two-way orthogonal signalling.
The time delay is specifically included with change of scale module: time delay submodule and change of scale submodule.Wherein, time delay
Submodule reaches delay effect, to cache to the zero intermediate frequency signals to add the range information of target；Scale becomes
Submodule is changed to carry out interpolation arithmetic to the zero intermediate frequency signals, to realize the change of scale of signal.
The doppler modular specifically to generate cosine signals and sinusoidal signal by two DDS, respectively with IQ two
Road signal multiplication realizes frequency displacement operation by productization and difference, with adding speed information.
The up-converter module specifically carries out in 3 times to carry out taking out under 2 times respectively to IQ two paths of signals, then respectively
It inserts, then carries out the frequency up-conversion operation for exempting from mixing type, obtain intermediate-freuqncy signal.
In preferred embodiment, the change of scale submodule is specifically to real-time according to target speed information
Calculate the position for needing interpolation；Data needed for mobile acquisition interpolation by the position that caches and fetch；And use linear interpolation
Method carries out interpolation operation, realizes the compression or broadening of echo-signal.
In practical applications, the present invention provides a kind of radar echo simulation methods of ultrahigh speed target, and are based on FPGA
Realize corresponding target simulator.It according to the parameter that host computer is arranged, is delayed to the intermediate-freuqncy signal received, scale becomes
It changes and Doppler modulation, simulates ultrahigh speed target echo.Specific implementation is as follows:
Fig. 2 be it is of the invention based on FPGA realize ultrahigh speed target echo simulator, including down conversion module, delay with
Change of scale module, Doppler frequency shift module and up-converter module.
Down conversion module as shown in figure 3, using two DDS karyogenesis cosine and sinusoidal signal, respectively with intermediate-freuqncy signal phase
Multiply, intermediate-freuqncy signal is demodulated to zero intermediate frequency, high-frequency signal is then filtered out by low-pass filter, obtains IQ two-way orthogonal signalling.
Delay and change of scale module are as shown in figure 4, adding range information in the signal and completing the broadening or pressure of signal
Contracting, time delay module cache the data after down coversion, realize delay operation.Change of scale completes signal by interpolation method
Compression or broadening, are accomplished by
Calculate interpolation point position, i.e., current time output letter the input signal from which moment, by change of scale because
Son and its integral expression acquire.
Specifically, interpolation point position is acquired according to change of scale factor-alpha (t), when interpolation point position is meant that current
Output signal is carved from the input signal at which moment.Adding up at any time to α (t) can be obtained the position of interpolation point, use
It is less that the advantages of PowerPC calculates interpolation point position in real time, real-time calculation is that storage occupies, but structure is complicated.
The data for being used for interpolation, i.e. sampled point around interpolation point are obtained, to obtain which data is determined by interpolation point position
It is fixed.
Change of scale includes compression and broadening, and when carrying out squeeze operation, the data at current time may be from lower a period of time
It carves, input data can integrally be cached, facilitate access interpolation.Access position is determined that real mesoscale becomes by interpolation point position
The factor is changed close to 1, therefore, access position be all within most times it is constant, with the accumulation of change of scale effect,
A unit can sometime moved.
Keep the error of interpolation result as small as possible, corresponding algorithm needed to realize, at the same require interpolation must base band into
It goes and interpolation directly cannot be carried out to the intermediate-freuqncy signal of input.
Interpolation operation is carried out using linear interpolation method in the present invention, such as utilizes t1And t3The data at moment calculate t2Moment
Value, formula is as follows:
In above formula, t3-t1It is a definite value equal to the sampling period, is 1, t in Digital Signal Processing angle2Indicate i.e.
For interpolation point position, therefore t2-t1It can also obtain in advance.Therefore, f (t is read1)、f(t3) i.e. t2-t1, by calculating
Obtain interpolated data.
Doppler frequency shift module adding speed information in the signal.It is f by two DDS core output frequenciesdCosine and just
String signal realizes frequency displacement operation by productization and difference according to structure shown in fig. 5.
Up-converter module is by modulates baseband signals to intermediate frequency, using the up-conversion method for exempting from mixing in the present invention, first by IQ
Two paths of signals take out under 2 times, 3 times of interpolations, then filters out high fdrequency component by low-pass filter, at this time sample rate fsBelieve with intermediate frequency
Number f0Meet:
Intermediate-freuqncy signal I (t) cos (2 π f at this time0t)-Q(t)sin(2πf0T) cos (2 π f in0T) value is periodically heavy
Multiple [1,0, -1,0],-sin (2 π f0T) value is [0,1,0, -1] being repeated cyclically, and according to shown in Fig. 6, can exempt to mix
Frequently frequency up-conversion operation is completed.
Using the ultrahigh speed target radar returns analogy method and simulator of the invention, down conversion module utilizes orthogonal
Intermediate-freuqncy signal is demodulated to zero intermediate frequency by demodulation techniques；Again by time delay and change of scale module addition range information and ultrahigh speed echo
Characteristic；By doppler modular adding speed information；Then zero intermediate frequency signals are modulated to intermediate frequency by up-converter module and generate echo
Analog signal.So as to react the change of scale phenomenon and Doppler dispersion phenomenon of ultrahigh speed target echo, greatly improved
The simulation precision of radar echo signal, especially suitable for ultrahigh speed target radar returns signal imitation, and ultrahigh speed of the invention
The implementation of target radar returns analogy method is simple, and cost of implementation is cheap, ultrahigh speed target radar returns mould of the invention
The structure of quasi- device is simple, and application range is also quite extensive.
In this description, the present invention is described with reference to its specific embodiment.But it is clear that can still make
Various modifications and alterations are without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.Therefore, the description and the appended drawings should be considered as illustrative
And not restrictive.
Claims (12)
1. a kind of analogy method of ultrahigh speed target radar returns, which is characterized in that the described method comprises the following steps:
(1) intermediate-freuqncy signal is demodulated to zero intermediate frequency signals using quadrature demodulation technology by down conversion module；
(2) time delay and change of scale module add range information and ultrahigh speed echoing characteristics in the zero intermediate frequency signals；
(3) doppler modular adding speed information in the zero intermediate frequency signals；
(4) zero intermediate frequency signals are modulated to intermediate frequency and generate analogue echoes signal by up-converter module.
2. the analogy method of ultrahigh speed target radar returns according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step
(1) specifically:
The intermediate-freuqncy signal of input is multiplied with cosine signal and sinusoidal signal by down conversion module respectively, using low-pass filter,
Obtain IQ two-way orthogonal signalling.
3. the analogy method of ultrahigh speed target radar returns according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step
(2) specifically includes the following steps:
(21) time delay submodule caches the zero intermediate frequency signals, reaches delay effect, to add the distance letter of target
Breath；
(22) change of scale submodule carries out interpolation arithmetic to the zero intermediate frequency signals, to realize the change of scale of signal.
4. the analogy method of ultrahigh speed target radar returns according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the step
(22) specifically includes the following steps:
(221) change of scale submodule calculates the position for needing interpolation according to target speed information in real time；
(222) change of scale submodule passes through the data needed for the mobile acquisition interpolation of position that cache and fetch；
(223) change of scale submodule carries out interpolation operation using linear interpolation method, realizes the compression or broadening of echo-signal.
5. the analogy method of ultrahigh speed target radar returns according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step
(3) specifically:
Doppler modular generates cosine signal and sinusoidal signal by two DDS, is multiplied respectively with IQ two paths of signals, by productization
Frequency displacement operation is realized with difference, with adding speed information.
6. the analogy method of ultrahigh speed target radar returns according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step
(4) specifically:
Up-converter module carries out IQ two paths of signals to take out under 2 times respectively, then carries out 3 times of interpolations respectively, then carries out exempting from mixing type
Frequency up-conversion operation, obtain intermediate-freuqncy signal.
7. a kind of ultrahigh speed target radar returns simulator, which is characterized in that the ultrahigh speed target radar returns simulator is based on
FPGA is realized comprising:
Down conversion module, intermediate-freuqncy signal is demodulated to zero intermediate frequency signals using quadrature demodulation technology；
Time delay and change of scale module, to add range information and ultrahigh speed echoing characteristics in the zero intermediate frequency signals；
Doppler modular, to the adding speed information in the zero intermediate frequency signals；
Up-converter module generates analogue echoes signal modulating the zero intermediate frequency signals to intermediate frequency.
8. ultrahigh speed target radar returns simulator according to claim 7, which is characterized in that
The down conversion module is specifically the intermediate-freuqncy signal inputted to be multiplied with cosine signal and sinusoidal signal respectively, then passes through
Low-pass filter is crossed, IQ two-way orthogonal signalling are obtained.
9. ultrahigh speed target radar returns simulator according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the time delay and scale
Conversion module specifically includes:
Time delay submodule reaches delay effect, to cache to the zero intermediate frequency signals to add the distance letter of target
Breath；
Change of scale submodule, to carry out interpolation arithmetic to the zero intermediate frequency signals, to realize the change of scale of signal.
10. ultrahigh speed target radar returns simulator according to claim 9, which is characterized in that the change of scale
Submodule specifically to calculate the position for needing interpolation according to target speed information in real time；
Data needed for mobile acquisition interpolation by the position that caches and fetch；
And interpolation operation is carried out using linear interpolation method, realize the compression or broadening of echo-signal.
11. ultrahigh speed target radar returns simulator according to claim 7, which is characterized in that Doppler's mould
Block is multiplied with IQ two paths of signals respectively specifically generating cosine signals and sinusoidal signal by two DDS, by productization and poor
Frequency displacement operation is realized, with adding speed information.
12. ultrahigh speed target radar returns simulator according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the up-conversion mould
Block specifically carrying out IQ two paths of signals to take out under 2 times respectively, then carries out 3 times of interpolations respectively, then carries out exempting from the upper of mixing type
Upconversion operation obtains intermediate-freuqncy signal.
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| CN110579745A (en) * | 2019-09-06 | 2019-12-17 | 广东恒沃技术有限公司 | Method for improving millimeter wave radar production line testing efficiency |
| CN111337890A (en) * | 2020-02-18 | 2020-06-26 | 南京航空航天大学 | LFMCW radar target echo signal simulation method |
| CN111474525A (en) * | 2020-04-16 | 2020-07-31 | 上海交通大学 | Ultra-wideband radar target echo signal simulation method and simulator |
| CN111521985A (en) * | 2020-06-02 | 2020-08-11 | 南京理工大学 | Radar echo baseband signal generation system and method based on FPGA |
| CN111693944A (en) * | 2020-06-18 | 2020-09-22 | 上海志良电子科技有限公司 | Radar active interference signal parameter extraction and interference pattern identification method and device |
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