CN109763146B - Preparation method of titanium-based composite material anode for aluminum electrolysis - Google Patents
Preparation method of titanium-based composite material anode for aluminum electrolysis Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of anodes for aluminum electrolysis, in particular to a preparation method of a titanium-based composite material anode for aluminum electrolysis2Particle and nano IrO2The particles and the nano-alumina are mixed according to a certain mass ratio, thereby greatly improving the comprehensive performance of the anode material and reducing the consumption of the anode material in the aluminum electrolysis processThe rate improves the purity of the electrolytic aluminum product and reduces the cost of the anode for aluminum electrolysis.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of anodes for aluminum electrolysis, in particular to a preparation method of a titanium-based composite material anode for aluminum electrolysis.
Background
With the continuous progress of society, energy conservation becomes the subject of social development in the 21 st century. In recent decades, the development of nonferrous metal industry in China has been rapid, so that hydrometallurgical processes with high production capacity, high efficiency, good operating conditions, light pollution and high recovery rate of valuable metals have been rapidly developed and applied, for example: in the aluminum production process, the metal aluminum is often produced by the electrolysis industry, and in the electrolysis production process, most of the adopted anode materials are graphite, so that in the electrolysis process, the anode is consumed, a large amount of carbon monoxide toxic gas is generated, and the cost of the graphite electrode is higher, so that the cost of the electrolytic aluminum is higher, and the unit capacity investment is large.
In view of this, researchers have adopted the metal matrix composite inert anode as the electrolytic aluminum anode material, to solve the problems of large graphite electrode consumption, large pollution and high cost in the aluminum electrolysis industrial process, for example, as introduced in the patent application 200510047669.7 "metal matrix composite inert anode for aluminum electrolysis and its preparation method", the metal matrix composite anode is synthesized by adopting the alloy formed by metals such as iron, nickel, cobalt, chromium, titanium, copper, silver, etc. as the metal phase and the metal oxide of alumina, rare earth oxide, nickel ferrite, nickel cobaltate, zinc ferrite as the ceramic phase, so that oxygen is separated out from the surface of the anode during the aluminum electrolysis, and the metal matrix composite anode can resist oxidation, resist corrosion of rock-ice molten salt, has good conductivity and is convenient to connect.
However, the anode material in the prior art still cannot meet the large demand in the aluminum electrolysis process, so that the aluminum electrolysis cost is still high, especially, a large pollution phenomenon still exists in the aluminum electrolysis process, the annual consumption of the anode material is still high, and the quality of the aluminum product obtained by electrolysis is still low.
Based on this, in the process of anode material research for a long time, the researchers apply the anode material to the aluminum electrolysis process, and find that the annual consumption of the obtained anode material is greatly reduced, the purity of the aluminum product obtained by electrolysis is higher, the cost in the aluminum electrolysis process is greatly reduced, the quality is improved, and a novel anode material is provided for the aluminum electrolysis process.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a preparation method of a titanium-based composite material anode for aluminum electrolysis.
The method is realized by the following technical scheme:
according to the preparation method of the titanium-based composite material anode for aluminum electrolysis, foamed titanium is used as a base material and is placed in a double-groove continuous extrusion coating machine, nano composite oxide particles are extruded and coated on the base material, and the thickness of the coating layer is 2-4mm, so that the anode is obtained;
wherein the nanometer composite oxide particles are nanometer TiO2Particle and nano IrO2The particles and the nano-alumina are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:1: 1-1.5.
By using titanium foam as a base material, coating a nano composite oxide particle layer on the titanium foam base material, and adopting nano TiO by combining the nano oxide particle layer2Particle and nano IrO2The particles and the nano-alumina are mixed according to a certain mass ratio, so that the comprehensive performance of the anode material is greatly improved, the loss rate of the anode material in the aluminum electrolysis process is reduced, the purity of an electrolytic aluminum product is improved, and the cost of the anode for aluminum electrolysis is reduced.
Experimental research shows that when the anode material is used in the aluminum electrolysis process, the annual consumption rate of the anode material is below 15mm/A, and the quality of the obtained electrolytic aluminum product is excellent and reaches more than 99.3%.
In the test process, the adopted double-groove continuous extrusion coating machine is a 350T double-groove continuous extrusion coating machine.
And through experiments, the invention finds that the nano composite oxide particles are preferably nano TiO2Particle and nano IrO2When the particles and the nano-alumina are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1.3, the annual consumption rate of the anode material is reduced to about 13.44mm/A, the quality of the obtained electrolytic aluminum product can reach about 99.5 percent, and the proper composition ratio of the nano-composite oxide particles is beneficial to greatly improving the comprehensive performance of the anode material and improving the product quality in the electrolytic aluminum processAnd the cost is reduced.
More preferably, the nano TiO2The particle size of the particles is 50-200 nm; the nano IrO2The particle diameter is 100-200 nm; the particle size of the nano alumina is 300-700 nm. Under the condition, the prepared anode material is used in the aluminum electrolysis process, the cell voltage is stable, a large amount of oxygen is generated around the anode in the electrolysis process, the anode has extremely low corrosion degree after the electrolysis is finished, and the anode material is directly placed in the air without obvious corrosion phenomenon; therefore, the anode obtained under the condition has stronger corrosion resistance, and the distribution of the inner material and the outer material of the anode coating layer is uniform.
More preferably, the nano TiO2The particle size of the particles is 100 nm; the nano IrO2The particle size of the particles is 150 nm; the particle size of the nano alumina is 500 nm.
In order to ensure that the coating effect of the coating layer is more excellent in the process of preparing the anode and avoid the phenomenon that the local corrosion is serious in the application process of the anode due to poor coating surface smoothness of the coating layer, the extrusion coating is preferably carried out by controlling the rotating speed of a double-groove continuous extrusion coating machine host machine to be 6rpm, the temperature of a heating block to be 280 ℃ and the thickness of the coating layer to be 2-4 mm.
More preferably, the method further comprises the step of performing heat preservation treatment for 10-20min in a vacuum environment with the temperature of 400-500 ℃ or in a protective gas protection environment after the coating is finished. Through heat preservation, the homogenization treatment of the coating layer is realized, the comprehensive performance of the surface of the anode is improved, and the electric conductivity and the thermal shock resistance of the anode are enhanced.
Preferably, in some tests, the protective gas shield was under an argon-filled environment; the vacuum degree is 0.12-0.25kPa under the vacuum environment.
The invention also provides a titanium-based composite material anode for aluminum electrolysis, which takes titanium foam as a base material and is coated with a nano composite oxide particle layer with the thickness of 2-4mm, wherein the nano composite oxide particle is nano TiO2Particle and nano IrO2The particles and the nano-alumina are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:1: 1-1.5. The anode materialThe material forms a coating layer through the coated nano composite oxide layer, so that the corrosion resistance of the anode is improved.
The invention also provides a nano composite oxide particle for preparing the anode for aluminum electrolysis by coating the titanium base, which is prepared from TiO2Particle and nano IrO2The particles and the nano-alumina are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:1: 1-1.5. Through reasonable preparation and adjustment of the components of the nano composite oxide particles, the titanium-based material can be coated by extrusion, and a better coating layer is formed on the surface of the titanium-based material, so that the corrosion resistance of the anode is greatly improved, particularly, when the anode material is used for aluminum electrolysis, the quality of an electrolytic aluminum product is improved, the comprehensive value of the produced product is improved, and the cost is reduced.
Moreover, on the basis of combining the prior art and the conventional technical means in the field, the researchers directly apply the anode to the aluminum electrolysis test, further perform aluminum electrolysis for 15 hours by using the anode created by the invention as the anode, using graphite as the cathode, controlling the temperature in the aluminum electrolysis process within the range of 800-880 ℃, controlling the current density at 2.5 amperes/square centimeter, and using the electrolyte, wherein the mass concentration of aluminum-containing components in terms of aluminum oxide is 2.8%, the polar distance between the cathode and the anode is 8cm, and testing the bath pressure in the electrolysis process, the quality of aluminum products and the annual corrosion rate of the anode.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further defined below with reference to the specific embodiments, but the scope of the claims is not limited to the description.
In some embodiments, the preparation method of the titanium-based composite material anode for aluminum electrolysis comprises the steps of taking titanium foam as a base material, placing the base material in a double-groove continuous extrusion coating machine, and extruding and coating nano composite oxide particles on the base material, wherein the thickness of a coating layer is 2-4mm to obtain the anode;
wherein the nanometer composite oxide particles are nanometer TiO2Particle and nano IrO2The particles and the nano-alumina are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:1: 1-1.5.
In some embodiments, the double-groove continuous extrusion coating machine is a 350T double-groove continuous extrusion coating machine.
In certain embodiments, the nanocomposite oxide particles are nano-TiO2Particle and nano IrO2The particles and the nano-alumina are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:1: 1.3.
In some embodiments, the nano TiO is2The particle size of the particles is 50-200 nm; the nano IrO2The particle diameter is 100-200 nm; the particle size of the nano alumina is 300-700 nm.
In some embodiments, the nano TiO is2The particle size of the particles is 100 nm; the nano IrO2The particle size of the particles is 150 nm; the particle size of the nano alumina is 500 nm.
In some embodiments, the extrusion coating is carried out by controlling the rotating speed of a main machine of the double-groove continuous extrusion coating machine to be 6rpm, the temperature of a heating block to be 280 ℃ and the thickness of a coating layer to be 2-4 mm.
In some embodiments, the method further comprises, after the coating is completed, performing heat preservation treatment for 10-20min in a vacuum environment at 400-500 ℃ or in a protective gas environment.
In some embodiments, the protective gas shield is in an argon-filled environment; the vacuum degree is 0.12-0.25kPa under the vacuum environment.
Test 1: change test of composition of nanocomposite oxide particles
Preparing a coating layer material: nano composite oxide particles coated on titanium base for preparing anode for aluminium electrolysis2Particle and nano IrO2The particles and the nano-alumina are mixed according to a certain mass ratio.
On the basis of example 1, each component and the composition ratio were adjusted as shown in table 1 below, and a sample of nanocomposite oxide particles was prepared.
TABLE 1
Preparing an anode: the method takes foamed titanium as a base material, extrudes and coats the nano composite oxide particles on the surface, controls the thickness of the coating layer to be 2mm, and specifically comprises the following steps:
adopting a 350T double-groove continuous extrusion coating machine, placing foamed titanium into the coating machine, feeding the nano composite oxide particles from a feeding port, controlling the rotating speed of a main machine of the double-groove continuous extrusion coating machine to be 6rpm, controlling the temperature of a heating block to be 280 ℃, carrying out extrusion coating to obtain the prepared anode, and carrying out labeling according to different adopted nano composite oxide particle samples.
And (3) electrolytic testing:
taking graphite as a cathode, electrolyzing the aluminum for 15 hours at 800 ℃ under the current density of 2.5 amperes/square centimeter, wherein the electrolyte composition is NaF-AlF3-NaCl-CaF2-AL2O3And the aluminum-containing component has a mass concentration of 2.8% in terms of alumina, the polar distance between the cathode and the anode is controlled to be 8cm, other operations are performed according to the conventional technical means of the aluminum electrolysis industry or the aluminum electrolysis operation mode in the related prior art, the cell voltage in the electrolysis process, the quality of the aluminum product obtained by electrolysis and the annual corrosion rate of the anode are detected, and the results are shown in the following table 2:
TABLE 2
The data in table 2 show that the composition and composition ratio of the nano composite oxide particles are different, which greatly affects the comprehensive performance of the anode material, and even affects the energy consumption during the aluminum electrolysis process, resulting in higher aluminum electrolysis cost and poorer aluminum product quality.
Test 2: particle size variation test of constituent Components of nanocomposite oxide particles
On the basis of test 1, the present investigator used the nanocomposite oxide particles in sample 7 as a reference and nano TiO2Particle and nano IrO2The particle diameters of the particles and the nano alumina were adjusted as shown in table 3 below, and the cell voltage, the quality of the aluminum product obtained by electrolysis, and the annual corrosion rate of the anode in the aluminum electrolysis process were measured in the manner of test 1, and the results are shown in table 3 below:
TABLE 3
As shown in the data in Table 3, different particle sizes of the active ingredients of the nano composite oxide particles will affect the overall performance of the prepared anode to different degrees, and therefore, the particle sizes of the active ingredients should be accurately controlled within a proper range during the preparation of the nano composite oxide particles.
Test 3: test for coating thickness variation
On the basis of test 1, the present investigator combined the nanocomposite oxide particles in sample 7 as a reference, controlled the coating thickness as shown in table 4 below, and examined the cell voltage during the aluminum electrolysis, the quality of the aluminum product obtained by electrolysis, and the annual corrosion rate of the anode, with the results shown in table 4 below:
TABLE 4
The data in table 4 show that the thickness of the coating layer will affect the annual corrosion rate of the anode and the purity of the aluminum product in the aluminum electrolysis process to different degrees, and also affect the comprehensive performance of the aluminum electrolysis anode, resulting in the phenomena of overhigh cell voltage and increased energy consumption.
Test 4: preparation process and condition change test
On the basis of the test 1, the anode is prepared according to the anode preparation method in the test 1, the prepared anode is subjected to adjustment treatment according to the following process, so that the anode surface is homogenized, the anode performance is tested according to the operation method of the test 1, and the test results are shown in the following table 5:
(1) after the coating is finished, placing the film at the temperature of 400 ℃ under the argon protection environment, and carrying out heat preservation treatment for 10 min;
(2) after the coating is finished, the mixture is placed in an environment with the temperature of 400 ℃ and the vacuum degree of 0.12kPa for heat preservation treatment for 10 min.
TABLE 5
As shown in the data in table 5 and the data in table 1, the anode after being coated is placed at a certain temperature and homogenized, which can help to improve the overall performance of the anode, improve the quality of aluminum products, enhance the corrosion resistance of the anode, and reduce the aluminum electrolysis cost.
In addition, in the research process, the researchers further explore the process in the homogenization treatment process, and the results show that in the constant temperature treatment process under the argon protection environment, the temperature is controlled at 400-500 ℃, the treatment time is controlled at 10-20min, which is helpful for stabilizing the cell voltage of the anode used in the aluminum electrolysis process, so that the quality of the aluminum product tends to be stable and is maintained at more than 99.3%, and the anode corrosion capacity is strong; however, when the constant temperature treatment temperature is lower than 400 ℃, the cell voltage of the treated anode used in the aluminum electrolysis process can be rapidly increased, the energy consumption is greatly increased, the current efficiency in the aluminum electrolysis is greatly reduced, and the cost is increased; when the temperature is higher than 500 ℃, after the treatment is carried out for 10min, the anode is used for aluminum electrolysis, the stability of the cell voltage is poor, sometimes higher, sometimes lower and constantly fluctuating state occurs, so that the aluminum electrolysis can not be stably carried out, and the quality of an electrolysis product is further influenced; the influence of the heat preservation time on the comprehensive performance of the anode is also measured in the process, and the heat preservation temperature is controlled to be 400-plus-500 ℃, the heat preservation time is 10-20min, so that the comprehensive performance of the anode can be improved, the corrosion resistance can be improved, and the voltage of the electrolytic cell can be stabilized. And: in the constant temperature treatment process under the vacuum environment, the temperature is controlled at 400-500 ℃, the vacuum degree is 0.12-0.25kPa, the bath voltage stability is better when the treatment is carried out for 10-20min, and when the vacuum degree is not 0.12-0.25kPa, for example: the heat preservation treatment in the normal pressure environment can cause great fluctuation of the bath voltage, and the corrosion resistance of the anode is reduced to some extent, thus causing higher aluminum electrolysis treatment cost.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A preparation method of a titanium-based composite material anode for aluminum electrolysis is characterized in that foamed titanium is used as a base material and is placed in a double-groove continuous extrusion coating machine, nano composite oxide particles are extruded and coated on the base material, and the thickness of the coating layer is 2-4mm, so that the anode is obtained; the extrusion coating is carried out, the rotating speed of a main machine of the double-groove continuous extrusion coating machine is controlled to be 6rpm, and the temperature of a heating block is 280 ℃;
wherein the nanometer composite oxide particles are nanometer TiO2Particle and nano IrO2The particles and the nano-alumina are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:1: 1-1.5;
the nano TiO is2The particle size of the particles is 50-200 nm; the nano IrO2The particle diameter is 100-200 nm; the particle size of the nano alumina is 300-700 nm.
2. The method for preparing the titanium-based composite material anode for aluminum electrolysis according to claim 1, wherein the double-tank continuous extrusion coating machine is a 350T double-tank continuous extrusion coating machine.
3. The method for preparing the titanium-based composite material anode for aluminum electrolysis according to claim 1, wherein the nano composite oxide particles are nano TiO2Particle and nano IrO2The particles and the nano-alumina are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:1: 1.3.
4. The method for preparing the titanium-based composite anode for aluminum electrolysis according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the nano TiO is2The particle size of the particles is 100 nm; the nano IrO2The particle size of the particles is 150 nm; the particle size of the nano alumina is 500 nm.
5. The method for preparing the titanium-based composite material anode for aluminum electrolysis as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method further comprises the step of performing heat preservation treatment for 10-20min in a vacuum environment with the temperature of 400-500 ℃ or in a protective gas protection environment after the coating is completed.
6. The method for preparing the titanium-based composite material anode for aluminum electrolysis according to claim 5, wherein the protective gas is under an argon-filled environment; the vacuum degree is 0.12-0.25kPa under the vacuum environment.
7. The titanium matrix composite anode for aluminum electrolysis prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 6.
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