CN109759898B - Electric spindle fault test diagnosis system for engraving and milling machine and diagnosis method thereof - Google Patents
Electric spindle fault test diagnosis system for engraving and milling machine and diagnosis method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The utility model provides a fault test diagnosis system of electric spindle for cnc engraving and milling machine and diagnostic method thereof, with programmable logic controller PLC and high frequency conversion device, electric spindle, relay and solenoid valve group that are connected with the loose knife of electric spindle/clamp knife air inlet through compressed air return circuit and operation and the display panel that is used for instruction input and detection status to show after being connected, can be convenient and fast test diagnosis and adjustment to electric spindle's function and performance, the cnc engraving and milling machine that has solved because of lacking the test diagnosis system of electric spindle convenience guarantees difficulty, be difficult to fault separation location and to electric spindle function test maintenance's problem, simultaneously this system has the function to electric spindle running-in concurrently, just accomplish the fault diagnosis location of electric spindle under the prerequisite that does not influence other equipment production simultaneously in the not dismouting cnc engraving and milling machine, have higher use value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of numerical control engraving and milling equipment, and particularly relates to an electric spindle fault test diagnosis system for an engraving and milling machine and a diagnosis method thereof.
Background
In the numerical control processing technology and equipment, the engraving machine is gradually applied in a large quantity due to small cutter, fast feeding movement, high spindle rotating speed and high power, and can be used for engraving and milling, thereby being high-efficiency and high-precision numerical control processing equipment. The rotary main shaft in the engraving and milling machine is mainly an electric main shaft with high rotating speed, is commonly used for small and precise part processing, is a new technology for integrating a main shaft motor and a machine tool main shaft in recent years, belongs to a new main shaft structure form, is a set of assembled functional components, and comprises the electric main shaft and accessories thereof, namely the electric main shaft, a high-frequency conversion device, an oil mist lubricator, a circulating cooling device, a liquid-proof and dust-proof sealing device, a tool changing device and the like. The engraving and milling machine adopts the electric spindle and then pushes high-speed processing to a new era together with a high-speed cutter technology, but the engraving and milling machine is generally compact in structure and sealed, when faults related to the electric spindle directly or indirectly occur, fault positioning diagnosis and separation are difficult to perform on line, the test of disassembling and replacing the electric spindle is complex, other engraving and milling machines also need to be stopped, equipment guarantee work is performed with little effort, production efficiency of other equipment is affected, and improvement is necessary for the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the technical problems that: the utility model provides a fault test diagnosis system of electric spindle for cnc engraving and milling machine and diagnostic method thereof, with programmable logic controller PLC and high frequency conversion device, electric spindle, relay and solenoid valve group that are connected with the loose knife of electric spindle/clamp knife air inlet through compressed air return circuit and operation and the display panel that is used for instruction input and detection status to show after being connected, can be convenient and fast test diagnosis and adjustment to electric spindle's function and performance, the cnc engraving and milling machine that has solved because of lacking the test diagnosis system of electric spindle convenience guarantees difficulty, be difficult to fault separation location and to electric spindle function test maintenance's problem, simultaneously this system has the function to electric spindle running-in concurrently, just accomplish the fault diagnosis location of electric spindle under the prerequisite that does not influence other equipment production simultaneously in the not dismouting cnc engraving and milling machine, have higher use value.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that: electric spindle fault test diagnostic system for cnc engraving and milling machine, its characterized in that: the device comprises a high-frequency conversion device, an electric spindle, an operation and display panel, a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), a relay and an electromagnetic valve group, wherein the high-frequency conversion device and the operation and display panel are connected with the Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) through a data communication bus to realize information interaction, the control output end of the Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is connected with the input end of the relay, the electromagnetic valve group and an audible-visual alarm, the control output end of the high-frequency conversion device is connected with the input end of the electric spindle, the feedback output end of the electric spindle is connected with the input end of the Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), the relay and the electromagnetic valve group are connected with a cutter loosening/clamping air inlet of the electric spindle through a compressed air loop, and the Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is electrically connected with an external computer and then transmits a detection signal to the external computer.
The relay and the electromagnetic valve group comprise two loose knife relays, two clamping knife relays and a three-position four-way electromagnetic valve, the three-position four-way electromagnetic valve is arranged on a compressed air loop and is communicated with a loose knife/clamping knife air inlet of the electric spindle, the two loose knife relays and the clamping knife relays are connected with a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), and the Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) controls the loose knife relays and the clamping knife relays to output 24VDC to the three-position four-way electromagnetic valve for switching on and off the loose knife/clamping knife air inlet in the electric spindle, so that switching of a knife changing mechanism in the electric spindle and switching of a loose knife action are realized.
Further, the compressed air loop is used for inputting compressed air into a cylinder of a tool changing mechanism in the electric spindle, and the compressed air in the compressed air loop ranges from 0.4 MPa to 0.6MPa.
Further, the high-frequency conversion device and the programmable controller PLC are respectively connected with a three-phase power frequency power supply through air switches QF1 and QF2, protection signals in the high-frequency conversion device, the electric spindle and the operation and display panel are all powered by a 24VDV power supply in the programmable controller PLC, the high-frequency conversion device is connected with the digital display rotating speed measurement and control meter, and the digital display rotating speed measurement and control meter performs A/D conversion on 0-10V analog quantity signals sent by the high-frequency conversion device and processes the analog quantity signals to digitally display the actual rotating speed of the electric spindle.
Further, the external computer is connected with the programmable controller PLC through an RS-2323 communication interface.
The diagnosis method of the fault test diagnosis system of the electric spindle for the engraving and milling machine comprises the following steps:
1) Starting a power supply and a compressed air source connected with a compressed air loop, resetting and clearing after the system is electrified and self-checked normally, and selecting a test operation mode of the system through an operation and display panel interface, wherein the test operation mode comprises a full-set automatic test mode, a single-item automatic test mode, a manual tool changing/path jump test mode and other driving test modes;
2) The method comprises the steps that a selection key is pressed for the first time on an interface of an operation and display panel for 2 seconds, a system enters a full-automatic test mode after the mode selection key is pressed for 2 times, under the control of a high-frequency conversion device and a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), the system enters a 5-section speed driving test, the actual rotating speed is displayed by a digital display rotating speed measurement and control meter connected with the high-frequency conversion device, the rotating speed of the electric spindle increases gradually according to the clockwise rotating speed, the electric spindle is kept for a plurality of minutes at each section speed, the electric spindle is converted into an automatic tool changing operation after the 5-section speed driving test is finished, a tool changing mechanism in the electric spindle completes alternating conversion of multiple tool clamping and loosening states and keeps for a plurality of seconds after the tool clamping relay is controlled by the Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), if the Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) does not receive a tool feedback signal in the corresponding tool state fed back by the electric spindle after each tool changing state is executed, the Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) controls an audible and visual alarm and a visual alarm after the test is finished;
3) Pressing the mode selection key for 1 time within 2s after pressing the selection key on the interface of the operation and display panel for the first time, enabling the system to enter a single-item automatic test mode, and under the control of the high-frequency conversion device and the programmable controller PLC, enabling the system to carry out SPWM driving or clamping and loosening conversion of a cutter in a 5-section rapid increasing mode, wherein in the process, when the programmable controller PLC receives a driving abnormal signal fed back by the high-frequency conversion device or a cutter changing abnormal signal fed back by the electric spindle, controlling the audible and visual alarm to give an alarm by the programmable controller PLC;
4) When the manual tool changing/radial jump test mode is selected, on an interface of an operation and display panel, each time a tool changing key is pressed, a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) controls a tool changing mechanism in an electric spindle to execute tool changing once through a high-frequency conversion device, and when the tool changing mechanism in the electric spindle is in a tool clamping state, a stop key or a pause key on the interface of the operation and display panel is pressed, so that a rotor in the electric spindle runs at a low speed, and a dial indicator is matched to complete the radial jump test of a positioning taper hole at the shaft extension end of the electric spindle;
5) The reset key and the stop key are pressed on the interface of the operation and display panel at the same time, other driving test modes are entered, the knob on the operation and display panel is rotated clockwise, after analog parameters are input to the programmable controller PLC through the operation and display panel, the programmable controller PLC gives 0-10VDC analog quantity to the high-frequency conversion device, so that the high-frequency conversion device outputs corresponding SPWM driving waveforms, and then the driving characteristics of asynchronous motors in other electric spindles are tested.
In the step 2), the rotating speed of the electric spindle is increased from 300 to 4800RPM in an equal ratio according to the clockwise direction, and the rotating speed is kept for 2 to 5 minutes at each section of speed, the Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) controls the cutter loosening relay and the cutter clamping relay to enable the cutter loosening/clamping air inlet to be opened and closed for 20 to 30 times, a cutter changing mechanism in the electric spindle completes alternating conversion of clamping and loosening states of the cutter for 20 to 30 times, the rotating speed is kept for 3 to 5 seconds at each state, and an acousto-optic alarm gives out an acousto-optic prompt for 3 seconds after the test is completed.
In the step 4), the rotor in the electric spindle is operated at a speed of 95-115 RPM.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. according to the technical scheme, after the programmable logic controller PLC is connected with the high-frequency conversion device, the electric spindle, the relay and the electromagnetic valve bank which are connected with the cutter loosening/clamping air inlet of the electric spindle through the compressed air loop and the operation and display panel for displaying the instruction input and detection states, the functions and performances of the electric spindle can be conveniently and quickly tested, diagnosed and adjusted, and the problems that an engraving and milling machine is difficult to guarantee, separate and position faults and test and maintain functions of the electric spindle due to the fact that a testing and diagnosis system for convenience of the electric spindle is lacked are solved;
2. according to the technical scheme, under four working modes of a full set of automatic test mode, a single automatic test mode, a manual tool changing/radial jump test mode and other driving test modes, the electric driving characteristics of the electric spindle, the tool changing function test of the electric spindle tool changing mechanism, the radial jump test of the positioning taper hole of the shaft extension end of the electric spindle and the test of the driving characteristics of an asynchronous motor of the other electric spindle can be realized, and the comprehensive test diagnosis of faults of the electric spindle can be realized;
3. the technical scheme has the function of running-in the electric spindle under the control of the programmable logic controller PLC and the high-frequency conversion device, and can complete fault diagnosis and positioning of the electric spindle on the premise that the cnc engraving and milling machine is not disassembled and assembled and production of other equipment is not influenced, so that the electric spindle has higher use value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a principal frame of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the electrical principle of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a control flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
An embodiment of the present invention will now be described, with reference to fig. 1-3, so that the technical solutions will be clearly and fully described, it being apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate or are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the present invention and to simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
The fault test diagnosis system of the electric spindle for the engraving and milling machine comprises a high-frequency conversion device 1, an electric spindle 2, an operation and display panel 3, a programmable logic controller PLC4, a relay and an electromagnetic valve group 5, wherein the high-frequency conversion device 1 and the operation and display panel 3 are connected with the programmable logic controller PLC4 through a data communication bus to realize information interaction, the control output end of the programmable logic controller PLC4 is connected with the input end of the relay, the electromagnetic valve group 5 and an audible and visual alarm 6, the control output end of the high-frequency conversion device 1 is connected with the input end of the electric spindle 2, the feedback output end of the electric spindle 2 is connected with the input end of the programmable logic controller PLC4, the relay and the electromagnetic valve group 5 are connected with a cutter loosening/clamping air inlet of the electric spindle 2 through a compressed air loop, and the programmable logic controller PLC4 is electrically connected with an external computer 7 and then transmits a detection signal to the external computer 7;
specifically, the relay and electromagnetic valve group 5 comprises two loose knife relays, two clamping knife relays and a three-position four-way electromagnetic valve, wherein the three-position four-way electromagnetic valve is installed on a compressed air loop and is communicated with a loose knife/clamping knife air inlet of the electric spindle 2, the two loose knife relays and the clamping knife relays are connected with a programmable controller PLC4, and the programmable controller PLC4 controls the loose knife relays and the clamping knife relays to output 24VDC to the three-position four-way electromagnetic valve for switching on and off the loose knife/clamping knife air inlet in the electric spindle 2, so that switching of a knife changing mechanism in the electric spindle 2 and switching of loose knife actions is realized.
Specifically, the compressed air loop is used for inputting compressed air into a cylinder of a tool changing mechanism in the electric spindle 2, and the compressed air in the compressed air loop ranges from 0.4 MPa to 0.6MPa; specifically, the high-frequency conversion device 1 and the programmable controller PLC4 are respectively connected with a three-phase power frequency power supply through air switches QF1 and QF2, a protection signal in the high-frequency conversion device 1, the electric spindle 2 and the operation and display panel 3 are powered by a 24VDV power supply in the programmable controller PLC4, the high-frequency conversion device 1 is connected with a digital display rotating speed measurement and control meter, and the digital display rotating speed measurement and control meter performs A/D conversion on 0-10V analog signals sent by the high-frequency conversion device 1 and processes the analog signals to digitally display the actual rotating speed of the electric spindle 2; specifically, the external computer 7 is connected with the programmable controller PLC4 through an RS-2323 communication interface.
The diagnosis method of the fault test diagnosis system of the electric spindle for the engraving and milling machine comprises the following steps:
1) Starting a power supply and a compressed air source connected with a compressed air loop, resetting and clearing after the system is electrified and self-checked normally, and selecting a test operation mode of the system through an interface of an operation and display panel 3, wherein the test operation mode comprises a full-automatic test mode, a single-automatic test mode, a manual tool changing/path jump test mode and other driving test modes;
2) The method comprises the steps that a selection key is pressed for the first time on an interface of an operation and display panel 3 for 2 seconds, a system enters a full set of automatic test mode after the mode selection key is pressed for 2 times, under the control of a high-frequency conversion device 1 and a programmable logic controller (PLC 4), the system enters a 5-section speed driving test, the actual rotating speed is displayed by a digital display rotating speed measurement and control meter which is connected with the high-frequency conversion device 1 and is of a model number DP5-NDV10, the rotating speed of an electric spindle 2 increases according to the equal ratio of the rotating speed in the clockwise direction, the rotating speed of each section is kept for a plurality of minutes, the electric spindle 2 is converted into automatic tool changing operation after the 5-section speed driving test is finished, a programmable logic controller (PLC 4) controls a tool loosening relay and a tool clamping relay to enable a tool loosening/clamping air inlet to be repeatedly conducted, a tool changing mechanism in the electric spindle 2 completes the alternating conversion of tool clamping and loosening states for a plurality of times and keeps for a plurality of seconds, and if a tool feedback signal in a corresponding tool changing state fed back by a tool sensor in the electric spindle 2 is not received by the programmable logic controller (PLC 4) in 1s after each tool changing state is executed, and an audible and visual alarm (PLC) 6) is finished after the audible and visual alarm is finished; specifically, in the step 2), the rotation speed of the electric spindle 2 increases from 300 RPM to 4800RPM in an equal ratio in the clockwise direction, and the speed of each section is kept for 2 min to 5min, the programmable logic controller PLC4 controls the cutter loosening relay and the cutter clamping relay to enable the cutter loosening/cutter clamping air inlet to be opened and closed for 20 to 30 times, after the cutter changing mechanism in the electric spindle 2 completes the alternate conversion of 20 to 30 times of cutter clamping and loosening states, the speed of each state is kept for 3s to 5s, and the audible and visual alarm 6 gives out audible and visual prompts for 3s after the test is completed;
3) In 2s from the first pressing of the selection key on the interface of the operation and display panel 3, pressing the mode selection key for 1 time, then pressing the driving or tool changing key, entering a single-item automatic test mode by the system, under the control of the high-frequency conversion device 1 and the programmable controller PLC4, performing SPWM driving or tool clamping and unclamping conversion by the system according to a 5-section rapid increasing mode, and controlling the audible and visual alarm 6 to give an alarm by the programmable controller PLC4 when the programmable controller PLC4 receives a driving abnormal signal fed back by the high-frequency conversion device 1 or a tool changing abnormal signal fed back by a tool detection sensor in the electric spindle 2 in the process;
4) When a manual tool changing/radial runout test mode is selected, on the interface of the operation and display panel 3, each time a tool changing key is pressed, the programmable controller PLC4 controls the tool changing mechanism in the electric spindle 2 to execute tool changing once through the high-frequency conversion device 1, and when the tool changing mechanism in the electric spindle 2 is in a tool clamping state, a stop key or a pause key on the interface of the operation and display panel 3 is pressed, so that a rotor in the electric spindle 2 runs at a low speed, and a dial gauge is matched to complete the test of radial runout of a positioning taper hole at the shaft extension end of the electric spindle 2; specifically, the rotor in the motorized spindle 2 runs at a speed of 95-115 RPM;
5) The reset key and the stop key are pressed on the interface of the operation and display panel 3 at the same time, other driving test modes are entered, the knob on the operation and display panel 3 is rotated clockwise, after analog parameters are input into the programmable controller PLC4 through the operation and display panel 3, the programmable controller PLC4 gives 0-10VDC analog quantity to the high-frequency conversion device 1, so that the high-frequency conversion device 1 outputs corresponding SPWM driving waveforms, and the driving characteristics of asynchronous motors in other electric spindles 2 are tested.
In the technical proposal, a high-frequency conversion device 1 is used for converting a three-phase power frequency power supply into an SPWM wide-range frequency conversion power supply, driving an asynchronous motor in an electric spindle 2, a power supply output by the high-frequency conversion device 1 is connected with the electric spindle 2 through an electric spindle driving interface, a programmable controller PLC4 is connected with the electric spindle 2 through a tool changing feedback interface, then realizes the feedback of a tool changing monitoring signal of the electric spindle 2, a compressed air loop is used for connecting a compressed air source, a three-position four-way electromagnetic valve gas circuit is correspondingly connected with a tool loosening/clamping air inlet (namely a tool loosening air inlet and a tool clamping air inlet) of the electric spindle 2, a three-position four-way electromagnetic valve is used for switching the gas circuit after being controlled to change a tool of a tool changing mechanism in the electric spindle 2, the three-position four-way electromagnetic valve is driven by the control of the two cutter loosening relays and the two cutter clamping relays (namely conversion relays) through the programmable controller PLC4, wherein the model MY2N-GS relays are selected as the cutter loosening relays and the cutter clamping relays, the model MSJE-F-24DC three-position four-way electromagnetic valve is selected as the programmable controller PLC4, the programmable controller PLC4 is used as the core of the system and used for collecting and processing various operation and feedback signals and refreshing the output, and state display and operation signal parts in the operation and display panel 3 are used for displaying the working state of the system, signals related to the rotating speed of the electric spindle 2 and the like and providing information which can be operated by personnel. The system has the functions of electric insulation, driving characteristics, tool changing, radial runout (matched with a dial gauge) testing and online adjustment of the electric spindle 2. The high-frequency conversion device 1 is a wide-range SPWM frequency conversion device, and after rectification, filtering and inversion are carried out on a three-phase power frequency power supply, SPWM driving waveforms are generated within the range of 0-1200Hz, the rotating speed of the corresponding electric spindle 2 is 0-36000 RPM, and the electric insulation and frequency-rotating speed characteristics of the built-in integrated motor of the electric spindle 2 can be conveniently tested. The programmable controller PLC4 performs arithmetic processing by continuously refreshing the acquired input information, and then cyclically refreshing the output. The programmable controller PLC4 is connected with the external computer 7 through an RS-232 communication interface, and can monitor and modify the state of the system and adjust the forced output in real time.
The instruction operation signal part in the operation and display panel 3 comprises test mode selection, drive and tool change keys, reset, pause, stop keys and analog quantity given drive tests, and is used for sending various operation instructions to the system; the method comprises the steps that test mode selection, driving and tool changing keys, resetting, suspending and stopping are carried out through an operation and display panel 3, signals belonging to digital quantity are input into a programmable controller PLC4, an analog quantity given test comprises a 0-10V given potentiometer to a high-frequency conversion device 1, a digital display rotating speed measurement and control meter receives 0-10V analog quantity signals sent by the high-frequency conversion device 1 and then carries out analog-to-digital (A/D) conversion, and the actual rotating speed of an electric spindle 2 is digitally displayed after internal processing of the digital display rotating speed measurement and control meter; the operation and display panel 3 state display part comprises a power supply indication, a rotating speed display, a cutter loosening feedback, a cutter clamping feedback, a driving state, a cutter changing state and an audible and visual alarm, wherein the power supply indication comprises a normal state of the programmable controller PLC4 and a normal state of the control loop 24VDC, the rotating speed display comprises a high-frequency conversion device 1 display and a digital display tachometer, the cutter loosening feedback and the cutter clamping feedback indicate the indication information output after the programmable controller PLC4 receives the actual state of the cutter fed back by the electric spindle 2, the driving state indicates the flicker indication information output by the programmable controller PLC4 when the system is in the driving operation state, the programmable controller PLC4 outputs corresponding flicker indication information when the cutter changing state indicates the system is in the cutter changing operation, the audible and visual alarm 6 indicates that continuous audible and visual information is output after operation when the programmable controller PLC4 detects abnormal information, and the audible and visual alarm 6 automatically works for 3 seconds to prompt an operator after a full set of automatic test mode is selected and is executed, wherein the audible and visual alarm 6 is arranged on a panel of the test system, and the audible and visual alarm 6 is selected as an AV-8 type.
The high-frequency conversion device 1 comprises three-phase power frequency power supply input, SPWM inversion output, digital quantity and analog quantity 0-10VDC control and related drive alarm circuit input, and is used for rectifying and filtering the three-phase power frequency power supply under the control of a programmable controller PLC4 and reversing the three-phase power frequency power supply into SPWM wave output according to a three-phase sine rule, driving an electric spindle 2 to asynchronously rotate, the electric spindle 2 comprises SPWM driving waveforms, a built-in knife changing mechanism, a cleaning gas circuit, positive pressure sealing, loose knife feedback and overheat detection loops which are received by the high-frequency conversion device 1, the operation and display panel 3 comprises various operation keys and state displays of a panel, wherein the operation signals are input into the programmable controller PLC4, the state displays are controlled by the programmable controller PLC4 to refresh the output, the cutter state, the program selection mode and the process execution state are respectively displayed, the programmable controller PLC4 is used as a control core of the system, signals from the high-frequency conversion device 1, feedback signals of the electric spindle 2, signals of the operation and display panel 3 are respectively received by the programmable controller PLC4, and are respectively refreshed, and then output to the high-frequency conversion device 1, the three-phase electromagnetic valve and the three-phase electromagnetic valve are respectively connected with the electromagnetic valve and the four-phase electromagnetic valve and the electromagnetic valve 4 through the three-phase electromagnetic valve and the electromagnetic valve.
In fig. 2, a programmable controller PLC4 of the ohm-dragon CMP2A series is used, a high-frequency conversion device with the model of E2000-0022T3 is selected, A, B, C and PEN are three-phase power frequency power supplies, the power supplies are respectively supplied to the high-frequency conversion device 1 and the programmable controller PLC4 after passing through air switches QF1 and QF2, a 24VDC power supply generated in the programmable controller PLC4 is used as the power supply of an input unit thereof, protection signals respectively from the high-frequency conversion device 1, an electric spindle 2, an operation and display panel 3,0-10VDC are input to realize experimental test of other electric spindle 2 motors through analog regulation, a cutter state feedback signal and an overheat detection signal of the electric spindle 2 are fed back to the programmable controller PLC4, and control signals of the high-frequency conversion device 1 mainly comprise rotation direction control, multi-stage speed control and analog quantity setting, and are all output from the programmable controller PLC 4; the high-frequency conversion device 1 is an SPWM frequency conversion driving device with a wide range of 0-1200Hz, and a plurality of groups of parameters special for the device are set in the high-frequency conversion driving device; the electric spindle 2 is an electric spindle produced by Beijing cng group company; the operation and display panel 3 is a distributed operation and display, one part of the operation elements have a display function, and the other part of the operation elements are LEDs; the programmable controller PLC4 is integral, and the internal application program can be edited, modified and monitored through the RS-232 interface.
According to the technical scheme, after the programmable controller PLC4 is connected with the high-frequency conversion device 2, the electric spindle 3, the relay and the electromagnetic valve group 5 which are connected with the loose knife/clamping knife air inlet of the electric spindle 3 through the compressed air loop and the operation and display panel 3 for displaying the instruction input and detection states, the functions and performances of the electric spindle 2 can be conveniently and rapidly tested, diagnosed and adjusted, and the problems that an engraving and milling machine is difficult to guarantee, difficult to separate and position faults and test and maintain functions of the electric spindle 2 caused by a test and diagnosis system lacking the convenience of the electric spindle 2 are solved; under four working modes of a full set of automatic test mode, a single automatic test mode, a manual tool changing/radial jump test mode and other driving test modes, the electric driving characteristics of the electric spindle 2, the tool changing function test of a tool changing mechanism of the electric spindle 2, the radial jump test of a positioning taper hole at the shaft extension end of the electric spindle 2 and the test of the driving characteristics of an asynchronous motor of the electric spindle 2 can be realized, and the comprehensive test diagnosis of faults of the electric spindle 2 can be realized; under the control of the programmable controller PLC4 and the high-frequency conversion device 1, the electric spindle 2 is ground, fault diagnosis and positioning of the electric spindle can be completed on the premise that the cnc engraving and milling machine is not disassembled and the production of other equipment is not influenced, and the electric spindle has high use value.
The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, so that all equivalent modifications made by the appended claims shall be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. Electric spindle fault test diagnostic system for cnc engraving and milling machine, its characterized in that: the device comprises a high-frequency conversion device (1), an electric spindle (2), an operation and display panel (3), a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) (4) and a relay and electromagnetic valve group (5), wherein the high-frequency conversion device (1) and the operation and display panel (3) are connected with the Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) (4) through a data communication bus to realize information interaction, the control output end of the Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) (4) is connected with the input ends of the relay and the electromagnetic valve group (5) and an audible and visual alarm (6), the control output end of the high-frequency conversion device (1) is connected with the input end of the electric spindle (2), the feedback output end of the electric spindle (2) is connected with the input end of the Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) (4), the relay and the electromagnetic valve group (5) are connected with a cutter loosening/clamping air inlet of the electric spindle (2) through a compressed air loop, and the programmable logic controller (4) is electrically connected with an external computer (7) and then transmits a detection signal to the external computer (7);
the relay and electromagnetic valve group (5) comprises two loose knife relays, two clamping knife relays and a three-position four-way electromagnetic valve, wherein the three-position four-way electromagnetic valve is arranged on a compressed air loop and is communicated with a loose knife/clamping knife air inlet of the electric spindle (2), the two loose knife relays and the two clamping knife relays are connected with a programmable controller PLC (4), and the programmable controller PLC (4) controls the loose knife relays and the clamping knife relays to output 24VDC to the three-position four-way electromagnetic valve for switching on and off of the loose knife/clamping knife air inlet in the electric spindle (2), so that the switching between the tool changing of a tool changing mechanism in the electric spindle (2) and the loose knife action is realized;
the compressed air loop is used for inputting compressed air into a cylinder of a tool changing mechanism in the electric spindle (2), and the compressed air range in the compressed air loop is 0.4-0.6MPa.
2. The fault test and diagnosis system for the motorized spindle of the engraving and milling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: the high-frequency conversion device (1) and the programmable controller PLC (4) are respectively connected with a three-phase power frequency power supply through air switches QF1 and QF2, protection signals in the high-frequency conversion device (1), the electric spindle (2) and the operation and display panel (3) are powered by a 24VDV power supply in the programmable controller PLC (4), the high-frequency conversion device (1) is connected with a digital display rotating speed measurement and control meter, and the digital display rotating speed measurement and control meter performs A/D conversion on 0-10V analog quantity signals sent by the high-frequency conversion device (1) and processes the analog quantity signals to digitally display the actual rotating speed of the electric spindle (2).
3. The fault test and diagnosis system for the motorized spindle of the engraving and milling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: the external computer (7) is connected with the programmable controller PLC (4) through an RS-2323 communication interface.
4. The diagnosis method of the fault test diagnosis system of the electric spindle for the engraving and milling machine is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) Starting a power supply and a compressed air source connected with a compressed air loop, resetting and clearing after the system is electrified and self-checked normally, and selecting a test operation mode of the system through an interface of an operation and display panel (3), wherein the test operation mode comprises a full-automatic test mode, a single-automatic test mode, a manual tool changing/path jump test mode and other driving test modes;
2) The method comprises the steps that a selection key is pressed for the first time on an interface of an operation and display panel (3) for 2 seconds, a system enters a full set of automatic test mode after the mode selection key is pressed for 2 times, under the control of a high-frequency conversion device (1) and a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) (4), the system enters a 5-section speed driving test, the actual rotating speed is displayed by a digital display rotating speed measurement and control meter connected with the high-frequency conversion device (1), the electric spindle (2) increases according to the equal ratio of the rotating speed in the clockwise direction, the rotating speed is kept for a plurality of minutes at each section, the electric spindle (2) is converted into automatic tool changing operation after the 5-section speed driving test is finished, a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) (4) controls a tool loosening relay and a tool clamping relay to enable a tool changing mechanism in the electric spindle (2) to complete alternating conversion of a plurality of tool clamping and loosening states, and keep for a plurality of seconds, if the programmable logic controller (4) in 1s does not receive a tool feedback signal in a corresponding state fed back by the electric spindle (2) after each tool changing state is executed, and an audible and visual alarm (6) is finished by an audible and visual alarm;
3) In 2s from the first pressing of the selection key on the interface of the operation and display panel (3), pressing the mode selection key for 1 time, then pressing the driving or tool changing key, entering a single-item automatic test mode by the system, under the control of the high-frequency conversion device (1) and the programmable controller PLC (4), performing SPWM driving or clamping and loosening conversion of a tool in a 5-section rapid increasing mode by the system, and controlling an audible and visual alarm (6) to alarm by the programmable controller PLC (4) when the programmable controller PLC (4) receives a driving abnormal signal fed back by the high-frequency conversion device (1) or a tool changing abnormal signal fed back by the electric spindle (2);
4) When a manual tool changing/radial jump test mode is selected, on an interface of an operation and display panel (3), each time a tool changing key is pressed, a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) (4) controls a tool changing mechanism in an electric spindle (2) to execute tool changing once through a high-frequency conversion device (1), and when the tool changing mechanism in the electric spindle (2) is in a tool clamping state, a stop key or a pause key on the interface of the operation and display panel (3) is pressed, so that a rotor in the electric spindle (2) runs at a low speed, and a dial gauge is matched to finish the test of radial jump of a positioning taper hole at the shaft extension end of the electric spindle (2);
5) And simultaneously pressing a reset key and a stop key on the interface of the operation and display panel (3), entering other driving test modes, rotating a knob on the operation and display panel (3) clockwise, inputting analog parameters to the programmable controller PLC (4) through the operation and display panel (3), and then giving 0-10VDC analog quantity to the high-frequency conversion device (1) by the programmable controller PLC (4), so that the high-frequency conversion device (1) outputs corresponding SPWM driving waveforms, and then testing the driving characteristics of asynchronous motors in other electric spindles (2).
5. The diagnostic method of the fault test and diagnosis system for the motorized spindle of the engraving and milling machine according to claim 4, wherein the diagnostic method comprises the following steps: in the step 2), the rotating speed of the electric spindle (2) is increased from 300 to 4800RPM in an equal ratio according to the clockwise direction, and is kept for 2 to 5 minutes at each section of speed, the Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) (4) controls the cutter loosening relay and the cutter clamping relay to enable the cutter loosening/cutter clamping air inlet to be opened and closed for 20 to 30 times, a cutter changing mechanism in the electric spindle (2) completes alternating conversion of 20 to 30 times of cutter clamping and loosening states, and is kept for 3 to 5 seconds in each state, and an audible and visual alarm (6) prompts 3 seconds after the test is completed.
6. The diagnostic method of the fault test and diagnosis system for the motorized spindle of the engraving and milling machine according to claim 5, wherein the diagnostic method comprises the following steps: in the step 4), the rotor in the electric spindle (2) operates at a speed of 95-115 RPM.
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