CN109758836B - Centrifugal reactor device based on microwave method for improving semi-coke reactivity - Google Patents
Centrifugal reactor device based on microwave method for improving semi-coke reactivity Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a centrifugal reactor device based on a microwave method for improving semicoke reactivity, belonging to the technical field of combustion and pollutant control, and aiming at improving the combustion efficiency of the existing cyclone separator and reducing the emission of pollutants such as NOx and the like generated in the combustion process, an upper cylinder body of the device is of a cylindrical structure with an upper opening and a lower opening, a circular cover body is arranged on an upper port of the upper cylinder body, a lower inverted cone body is of an inverted cone structure with an upper opening, and an upper port of the lower inverted cone body is connected with a lower port of the upper cylinder body; the side wall of the upper cylinder body is embedded with a plurality of microwave generators, the microwave generators are divided into m layers from top to bottom and are arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the side wall of the upper cylinder body, and the microwave generators of two adjacent layers are arranged in a staggered mode in the circumferential direction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of combustion and pollutant control, and particularly relates to a structure of a reactor device capable of enhancing semicoke reactivity (oxidation and reduction reaction).
Background
In fluidized combustion, it is a common practice to collect and return unburned semicoke to a combustion apparatus for cyclic combustion and eventual burnout. The specific fuel types include coal, biomass, nonflammable wastes, garbage and the like. The equipment that collects the unburned char is commonly referred to as "cyclones". With the increasing requirements of environmental protection standards and boiler energy efficiency levels, how to further improve the combustion efficiency of the existing combustion equipment and further reduce the original emission of pollutants such as NOx in the combustion process becomes a problem of industrial attention.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a centrifugal reactor device based on a microwave method for improving semi-coke reactivity, aiming at improving the combustion efficiency of the existing cyclone separator and reducing the emission of pollutants such as NOx generated in the combustion process.
The centrifugal reactor device based on the microwave method for improving the semi-coke reactivity comprises a centrifugal reactor body, wherein the centrifugal reactor body comprises an upper cylinder 4, a lower inverted cone cylinder 6 and a circular cover body 3;
the upper cylinder 4 is of a cylindrical structure with an upper opening and a lower opening, the circular cover body 3 is arranged on the upper port of the upper cylinder 4, the lower inverted cone 6 is of an inverted cone structure with an upper opening, and the upper port of the lower inverted cone 6 is connected with the lower port of the upper cylinder 4; an air inlet 1 is formed in the side wall of the upper cylindrical body 4, and the air inlet 1 is arranged close to the upper port of the upper cylindrical body 4; the circular cover body 3 is provided with an air outlet 2;
a plurality of microwave generators 5 are embedded in the side wall of the upper cylinder 4, and included angles between the axes of the microwave generators and the side wall of the upper cylinder 4 are all alpha; and the plurality of microwave generators 5 are divided into m layers from top to bottom and arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the side wall of the upper cylinder 4, and the microwave generators of two adjacent layers are arranged in a circumferential staggered manner, wherein m is a positive integer.
Compared with the conventional cyclone separator, the method for improving the real temperature of the semicoke in the conventional cyclone separator by using the microwave radiation mode and the structural arrangement of the corresponding centrifugal reactor device (namely the reformed cyclone separator) can improve the burning efficiency of the semicoke, reduce the incomplete burning loss, control the original emission of pollutants such as NOx and the like on the basis of not influencing the integral structure and the operation of the system, and realize the dual requirements of meeting the environmental protection standard and the boiler energy efficiency level.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a centrifugal reactor apparatus for microwave-based enhanced semi-coke reactivity process according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a view A-A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a view B-B of FIG. 1;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of the layered structure of the upper cylindrical wall.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention will be provided with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, so that how to apply the technical means to solve the technical problems and achieve the corresponding technical effects can be fully understood and implemented. The embodiments and the features of the embodiments can be combined without conflict, and the technical solutions formed are all within the scope of the present invention.
The first embodiment is as follows: the following describes the present embodiment with reference to fig. 1 to 3, wherein the centrifugal reactor apparatus for improving the semicoke reactivity by microwave according to the present embodiment includes a centrifugal reactor body including an upper cylindrical body 4, a lower inverted conical cylinder body 6, and a circular lid body 3;
the upper cylinder 4 is of a cylindrical structure with openings at the upper and lower parts, the circular cover body 3 is arranged on the upper port of the upper cylinder 4, the lower inverted cone 6 is of an inverted cone structure with an opening at the upper part, and the upper port of the lower inverted cone 6 is correspondingly connected with the lower port of the upper cylinder 4; an air inlet 1 is formed in the side wall of the upper cylindrical body 4, and the air inlet 1 is arranged close to the upper port of the upper cylindrical body 4; the circular cover body 3 is provided with an air outlet 2;
a plurality of microwave generators 5 are embedded in the side wall of the upper cylinder 4, and included angles between the axes of the microwave generators and the side wall of the upper cylinder 4 are all alpha; and the plurality of microwave generators 5 are divided into m layers from top to bottom and arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the side wall of the upper cylinder 4, and the microwave generators of two adjacent layers are arranged in a circumferential staggered manner, wherein m is a positive integer.
The second embodiment is as follows: the present embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 1, and the present embodiment further describes a centrifugal reactor apparatus for improving the semicoke reactivity by microwaves according to the first embodiment, wherein the range of the included angle between the axis of all the microwave generators 5 and the side wall of the upper cylindrical body 4 is as follows: alpha is more than or equal to 30 degrees and less than or equal to 45 degrees.
The third concrete implementation mode: in this embodiment, n microwave generators 5 are arranged in each layer of the upper cylinder 4, and the number n of the microwave generators 5 is calculated by formula 1 to obtain formula 1, which is specifically:
wherein, the number n of the microwave generator 5 is a positive integer, when n is a decimal, rounding is performed, D is the outer diameter of the upper cylinder 4, unit: and (4) rice.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: in this embodiment, the centrifugal reactor apparatus for improving the semicoke reactivity by using microwaves according to the first embodiment is further described, in this embodiment, the number m of layers arranged by the microwave generator 5 is calculated by formula 2, and formula 2 specifically is:
in the formula, when the number m of layers in which the microwave generators 5 are arranged is a decimal, rounding is performed, and H is the height of the upper cylinder 4, unit: and (4) rice.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: in this embodiment, the centrifugal reactor apparatus based on the microwave-enhanced semi-coke reactivity method according to the tenth embodiment is further described, in this embodiment, the microwave waveguide power of each microwave generator 5 is k, and the specific calculation method of the microwave waveguide power k of each microwave generator 5 is:
first, the total microwave waveguide power K of all the microwave generators 5 is calculated using formula 3nThe unit: kilowatt:
Kn＝Q×T×0.000737 (3)
wherein Q is the total mass of coke in the centrifugal reactor in units: kg, T is the elevated temperature of the coke in the centrifugal reactor, unit: c, centigrade degree;
then, the microwave waveguide power k of each microwave generator 5 is calculated using equation 4 in units: kilowatt:
the sixth specific implementation mode: in this embodiment, the number of the microwave generators 5 positioned at the uppermost layer among the m microwave generators 5 arranged in the upper cylindrical body 4 is n-1, where n is obtained by calculating the following formula 1, and the formula 1 is specifically:
wherein, the number n of the microwave generator 5 is a positive integer, when n is a decimal, rounding is performed, D is the outer diameter of the upper cylinder 4, unit: and (4) rice.
In the m layers of microwave generators 5 arranged in the upper cylindrical body 4 in the present embodiment, the number of the microwave generators 5 located in the uppermost layer may also be n-2 or n-3, as shown in fig. 1, the position left is the position of the air inlet 1 on the upper cylindrical body 4, and the number of the microwave generators 5 in the uppermost layer is determined according to the size of the air inlet 1 on the premise of ensuring that the microwave generators 5 in each two adjacent layers are arranged in a staggered manner.
The seventh embodiment: the present embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 4, and the present embodiment will further describe a centrifugal reactor apparatus according to the method for improving half-coke reactivity by microwaves according to the first embodiment, wherein the cylindrical wall of the upper cylindrical body 4 includes, in order from the outside to the inside, a carbon steel metal layer 8, an aluminum silicate fiber layer 9, a first microwave shielding layer 10, a microwave absorbing material layer 11, a second microwave shielding layer 12, a high-temperature heat insulating layer 13, and a wear-resistant ceramic layer 14.
The specific implementation mode is eight: in this embodiment, the centrifugal reactor apparatus according to the method for improving the semicoke reactivity by microwaves according to the seventh embodiment will be further described, and in this embodiment, the alumina silicate fiber layer 9 is implemented by using an alumina silicate fiber mat.
The specific implementation method nine: in this embodiment, the centrifugal reactor apparatus according to the method for improving the semi-coke reactivity by microwaves according to the seventh embodiment is further described, and the microwave absorbing material layer 11 is made of silicon carbide.
The side wall of the upper cylinder comprises the following components in sequence from outside to inside: the microwave insulation layer comprises a carbon steel metal layer, an aluminum silicate fiber felt, a net-shaped microwave shielding layer, a microwave absorbing material layer (SiC and silicon carbide), a net-shaped microwave shielding layer, a high-temperature heat insulation layer and a wear-resistant ceramic layer. A carbon steel metal layer: the outermost skeleton structure of the upper cylinder of the centrifugal reactor main body. Aluminum silicate fiber felt: has the functions of buffering and heat insulation, can resist the temperature of 900 ℃ at the upper limit, and can also prevent heat loss. A reticular microwave shielding layer: has the function of absorbing waves, can prevent microwave leakage, and is also a framework structure in the middle of the upper cylinder of the centrifugal reactor main body. Microwave absorbing material layer (SiC, silicon carbide): has the function of absorbing waves and can prevent microwave leakage. High-temperature heat insulation layer: has the functions of heat preservation and heat insulation and can prevent heat loss. Wear-resistant ceramic layer: the innermost skeleton structure of the upper barrel of the centrifugal reactor main body has the characteristics of wave absorption, high temperature resistance and wear resistance.
The detailed implementation mode is ten: in this embodiment, the centrifugal reactor apparatus according to the method for improving the semi-coking reactivity by microwaves according to the seventh embodiment is further described, in which the first microwave shielding layer 10 and the second microwave shielding layer 12 are both of a mesh structure.
The concrete implementation mode eleven: referring to fig. 4, the present embodiment will be described, and the centrifugal reactor apparatus according to the method for increasing semi-coke reactivity by microwaves according to the seventh embodiment will be further described, in which a carbon steel metal layer 8, an aluminum silicate fiber layer 9, a first microwave shielding layer 10, a microwave absorbing material layer 11, a second microwave shielding layer 12, a high temperature heat insulating layer 13, and a wear-resistant ceramic layer 14 are fixed by a plurality of staples (15).
The side wall of the upper cylinder body of the embodiment is integrally fixed by the grabbing nails to prevent falling off. The grabbing nail penetrates through the side wall of the upper cylinder.
In the microwave generator, each layer is uniformly arranged; the number of circumferential arrangements of the first layer is n-1 and the position of the missing one of the microwave generators is replaced by the gas inlet 1. The microwave generators of the next layer are positioned on the downward extension line of the middle position of the two adjacent microwave generators of the previous layer.
In the working process, fluid mixed by gas and semi-coke solid particles enters the upper barrel of the centrifugal reactor main body from the gas inlet and is subjected to gas-solid separation inside. The separated gas leaves from the gas outlet, and the semicoke solid particles are settled to the lower cylinder of the centrifugal reactor main body.
The microwave generator is uniformly and obliquely arranged on the outer side of the upper cylinder of the centrifugal reactor main body, and can improve the temperature of the semicoke solid particles and the reactivity (oxidation and reduction reaction) of the semicoke solid particles by emitting microwaves. This process is carried out inside the upper cylinder of the above-mentioned centrifugal reactor body.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the above descriptions are only for the convenience of understanding the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A centrifugal reactor device based on a microwave enhanced semi-coke reactivity method comprises a centrifugal reactor body, wherein the centrifugal reactor body comprises an upper cylinder (4), a lower inverted cone cylinder (6) and a circular cover body (3);
the upper cylinder (4) is of a cylindrical structure with an upper opening and a lower opening, the circular cover body (3) is arranged on an upper port of the upper cylinder (4), the lower inverted cone cylinder (6) is of an inverted cone structure with an upper opening, and an upper port of the lower inverted cone cylinder (6) is connected with a lower port of the upper cylinder (4); an air inlet (1) is formed in the side wall of the upper cylindrical body (4), and the air inlet (1) is arranged close to the upper end opening of the upper cylindrical body (4); the circular cover body (3) is provided with an air outlet (2);
the microwave oven is characterized in that a plurality of microwave generators (5) are embedded in the side wall of the upper cylinder body (4), and included angles between the axes of the microwave generators and the side wall of the upper cylinder body (4) are alpha; the microwave generators (5) are divided into m layers from top to bottom and are arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the side wall of the upper cylinder (4), and the microwave generators of two adjacent layers are arranged in a circumferential staggered manner, wherein m is a positive integer;
the included angle range between the axes of the microwave generators (5) and the side wall of the upper cylinder (4) is as follows: alpha is more than or equal to 30 degrees and less than or equal to 45 degrees;
in m layers of microwave generators (5) arranged on the upper cylinder (4), the number of the microwave generators (5) positioned on the topmost layer is n-1, and the number of the microwave generators (5) on other layers is n, wherein n is obtained by calculating according to formula 1, and formula 1 specifically comprises the following steps:
wherein the number n of the microwave generators (5) is a positive integer, when n is a decimal, rounding is performed, and D is the outer diameter of the upper cylinder (4), unit: rice;
the number m of the layers arranged by the microwave generators (5) is obtained by calculation according to a formula 2, wherein the formula 2 is specifically as follows:
wherein, when the number m of the layers arranged by the microwave generator (5) is decimal, rounding is carried out, H is the height of the upper cylinder body (4), and the unit is: rice;
the microwave waveguide power of each microwave generator (5) is k, and the specific calculation method of the microwave waveguide power k of each microwave generator (5) is as follows:
firstly, the total microwave waveguide power K of all microwave generators (5) is calculated by formula 3nThe unit: the kilowatt of the fuel is calculated,
Kn＝Q×T×0.000737 (3)
wherein Q is the total mass of coke in the centrifugal reactor in units: kg, T is the elevated temperature of the coke in the centrifugal reactor, unit: c, centigrade degree;
then, the microwave waveguide power k of each microwave generator (5) is calculated using equation 4 in units: the kilowatt of the fuel is calculated,
2. the centrifugal reactor device based on the microwave enhanced semi-coke reactivity method according to claim 1, wherein the wall of the upper cylinder (4) comprises a carbon steel metal layer (8), an aluminum silicate fiber layer (9), a first microwave shielding layer (10), a microwave absorbing material layer (11), a second microwave shielding layer (12), a high temperature heat insulation layer (13) and a wear-resistant ceramic layer (14) from outside to inside in sequence.
3. Centrifugal reactor device based on a microwave enhanced semi-coke reactivity process according to claim 2, characterized in that the layer of aluminium silicate fibres (9) is realized with a felt of aluminium silicate fibres.
4. The centrifugal reactor device for microwave-based semi-coke reactivity enhancement according to claim 2, wherein the microwave-absorbing material layer (11) is realized with silicon carbide.
5. The centrifugal reactor device for microwave-based semi-coke reactivity enhancement according to claim 2, wherein the first microwave shielding layer (10) and the second microwave shielding layer (12) are both of a mesh structure.
6. The centrifugal reactor device based on the microwave enhanced semi-coke reactivity method according to claim 2, characterized in that the carbon steel metal layer (8), the aluminum silicate fiber layer (9), the first microwave shielding layer (10), the microwave absorbing material layer (11), the second microwave shielding layer (12), the high temperature insulation layer (13) and the wear resistant ceramic layer (14) are fixed by a plurality of staples (15).
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| CN107794067A (en) * | 2016-09-05 | 2018-03-13 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of microwave reaction device |
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Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103160325A (en) * | 2011-12-14 | 2013-06-19 | 上海麦风微波设备有限公司 | Technological method for direct production of coal gas by microwaves and device |
| CN104560074A (en) * | 2013-10-22 | 2015-04-29 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | System for preparing bio-oil and activated carbon by microwave pyrolysis |
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