CN109756778A - frame rate conversion method based on self-adaptive motion compensation - Google Patents
frame rate conversion method based on self-adaptive motion compensation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a frame rate conversion method based on self-adaptive motion compensation, which comprises the following steps: bidirectional motion estimation: for obtaining forward and backward motion vector fields and projecting the forward and backward motion vector fields into the interpolated frame to generate a bi-directional motion vector field; a distance-based motion vector projection step: in the projection process, adopting motion vector projection based on distance, wherein the distance refers to the distance from the center point of a projection block to the center point of each overlapped interpolation block; self-adaptive motion compensation interpolation step: after the projection of the motion vector is finished, interpolation is carried out in a self-adaptive motion compensation mode. The frame rate conversion method based on the self-adaptive motion compensation can weaken the problems of overlapping and holes caused by unidirectional motion estimation, so that the subsequent motion compensation interpolation is more accurate and the interpolation effect is better.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of video processing, and particularly relates to a frame rate conversion method based on adaptive motion compensation.
Background
Video information is one of the most important video sources of human beings, frame rate conversion is an important component in the video format conversion technology, and is a new research hotspot in the current video format conversion research field.
The existing frame rate conversion algorithms mainly have two types: (1) a non-motion compensated frame interpolation algorithm; (2) motion compensated frame interpolation algorithms. The non-motion compensation algorithm is simple and fast, but the non-motion compensation interpolation algorithm can generate motion blur when processing a moving object, and is mainly applied to the condition of low video quality requirement.
With the development of science and technology, people have higher and higher requirements on videos, and the motion compensation algorithm effectively improves the blurring of moving objects, so that the videos are more smoothly played. Therefore, the motion compensation interpolation algorithm becomes a new research hotspot of people, and the application of the motion compensation interpolation algorithm is more extensive.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a frame rate conversion method based on adaptive motion compensation, which overcomes the problems of overlapping and holes caused by the existing unidirectional motion compensation algorithm and can make the image quality clearer.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a frame rate conversion method based on adaptive motion compensation comprises the following steps: bidirectional motion estimation: for obtaining forward and backward motion vector fields and projecting the forward and backward motion vector fields into the interpolated frame to generate a bi-directional motion vector field; a distance-based motion vector projection step: in the projection process, adopting motion vector projection based on distance, wherein the distance refers to the distance from the center point of a projection block to the center point of each overlapped interpolation block; self-adaptive motion compensation interpolation step: after the projection of the motion vector is finished, interpolation is carried out in a self-adaptive motion compensation mode.
Preferably, the calculation formula of the distance in the distance-based motion vector projection step is:
wherein,for distance, Projected block is a projection block, Pinterpolated _ block is an interpolation block, and the distance can be expressed as a percentage of the overlap area between the projection block and the interpolation block;
furthermore, in order to obtain the best projection block, there is the following formula:
wherein,is the best projection block; SAD is the sum of absolute differences, a measure of similarity between image blocks, and is calculated by taking the absolute difference between each pixel in the original block and the corresponding pixel in the block for comparison.
Preferably, the following components: the adaptive motion compensated interpolation step includes the following cases:
case 1: a plurality of projection blocks are arranged on one interpolation block;
case 2: an interpolation block has only one projection block;
case 3: the inner insert block is not provided with a projection block;
in case 1, an empirical threshold T is set to screen motion vectors, MVs with large deviations are discarded, and MVs with small deviations are retained:
discarding the motion vector when SAD > T;
when SAD < T, the motion vector is reserved as a candidate bidirectional motion vector in a motion compensation interpolation stage;
in case 2, when an interpolation block has only one projection block, the projection block is the best projection block, the motion vector obtained in the motion estimation stage is the best motion vector, and the motion compensation interpolation is performed by using the motion vector;
in case 3, there is no projection block on the interpolation block, i.e. a hole is generated during the projection process; for the holes, the adopted processing method is to fill the holes by using the motion vector median filtering of the non-hole blocks adjacent to the current hole block:
wherein, VholeHollow block, Vj，ViAnd N represents the number of available non-hole blocks, namely, the four adjacent blocks of the hole block, namely, the upper, lower, left and right adjacent blocks are all non-hole blocks.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. by adopting bidirectional motion estimation, the problems of overlapping and cavities caused by unidirectional motion estimation can be weakened, so that the subsequent motion compensation interpolation is more accurate and the interpolation effect is better;
2. according to different conditions, different motion compensation interpolation modes are adopted to improve the image quality of the video, so that the video is smoother.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart illustrating the implementation of the adaptive motion compensation based video frame rate conversion algorithm according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of distance calculation in the distance-based motion vector projection step;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of case 1 in the adaptive motion compensated interpolation step;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of case 2 in the adaptive motion compensated interpolation step;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of case 3 in the adaptive motion compensated interpolation step.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present invention clearer and clearer, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
In the claims, the specification and the drawings of the present invention, unless otherwise expressly limited, the terms "first", "second" or "third", etc. are used for distinguishing between different items and not for describing a particular sequence.
In the claims, the specification and the drawings of the present invention, unless otherwise expressly limited, all directional or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center," "lateral," "longitudinal," "horizontal," "vertical," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," and the like are based on the directional or positional relationships indicated in the drawings and are used for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element so indicated must have a particular orientation or be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
In the claims, the description and the drawings of the present application, unless otherwise expressly limited, the terms "fixedly connected" or "fixedly connected" should be interpreted broadly, that is, any connection between the two that does not have a relative rotational or translational relationship, that is, non-detachably fixed, integrally connected, and fixedly connected by other devices or elements.
In the claims, the specification and the drawings of the present invention, the terms "including", "having" and their variants, if used, are intended to be inclusive and not limiting.
Example 1: referring to fig. 1, the frame rate conversion method based on adaptive motion compensation includes the following steps:
bidirectional motion estimation: for obtaining forward and backward motion vector fields and projecting the forward and backward motion vector fields into the interpolated frame to generate a bi-directional motion vector field;
a distance-based motion vector projection step: in the projection process, adopting motion vector projection based on distance, wherein the distance refers to the distance from the center point of a projection block to the center point of each overlapped interpolation block;
self-adaptive motion compensation interpolation step: after the projection of the motion vector is finished, interpolation is carried out in a self-adaptive motion compensation mode.
It should be noted that, in the bidirectional motion estimation step, the conventional motion estimation is generally forward motion estimation or backward motion estimation. Although the unidirectional block matching motion estimation method has higher accuracy and flexibility, the existence and uniqueness of motion compensation values of each pixel position in the intermediate frame plane cannot be ensured in the process of performing motion compensation interpolation on the intermediate frame to be interpolated from the perspective of the reference frame plane, namely, the problems of holes and overlapping can be caused. Therefore, to mitigate the effects of the hole and overlap problems on the subsequent motion compensated interpolation stage, we use bi-directional motion estimation to obtain forward and backward motion vector fields, which are then projected onto the interpolated frame to generate the bi-directional motion vector field.
In the distance-based motion vector projection step, as shown in fig. 2, the calculation formula of the distance is:
wherein,for distance, Projected block is a projection block, Pinterpolated _ block is an interpolation block, and the distance can be expressed as a percentage of the overlap area between the projection block and the interpolation block; when the overlap region becomes larger, the distance decreases, and when the distance between the two center points is smaller, the block is considered to be the best block. However, the conclusion of only relying on distance to obtain the best projective block is unreliable, and then a constraint term needs to be added to obtain the best projective block.
Furthermore, to obtain the best projection block, the SAD value is added as a constraint term to obtain a new metric, and then there is the following formula:
wherein,is the best projection block; SAD is the sum of absolute differences, a measure of similarity between image blocks, and is calculated by taking the absolute difference between each pixel in the original block and the corresponding pixel in the block for comparison.
The following is included in the adaptive motion compensated interpolation step:
case 1: a plurality of projection blocks are arranged on one interpolation block;
case 2: an interpolation block has only one projection block;
case 3: the interpolation block is not provided with a projection block.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, in case 1, when the motion vector is projected onto the interpolated frame, there may be an overlap of projection areas, which results in a situation where there are multiple projection blocks on one interpolated block, as shown in fig. 4: the center frame is an interpolation block and the other frames are projection blocks.
In the case of an interpolation block having a plurality of projection blocks, the conventional algorithm generally selects the best motion vector among candidate motion vectors according to a certain matching criterion for compensation interpolation, and this method actually loses some information to different degrees. If all motion vectors of the projection block are used as bidirectional motion vectors of the interpolation block, the result of motion compensation interpolation is very accurate, but the calculation complexity of the motion compensation stage is greatly increased by using all motion vectors as bidirectional motion vectors. Therefore, an empirical threshold T is set here, motion vectors are filtered, MVs with large deviations are discarded, and MVs with small deviations are retained:
discarding the motion vector when SAD > T;
when SAD < T, the motion vector is retained as the candidate bi-directional motion vector for the motion compensated interpolation stage.
Thus the computational complexity is greatly reduced. Then, the candidate motion vector of each projection block calculates a weighting coefficient by the following equation (3) and normalizes the coefficient, as shown in equation (4):
the pixel weighted sum of the last candidate motion vector is the final interpolated pixel, and equation (5) is as follows:
as shown in fig. 4, in case 2, when there is only one projection block in an interpolation block, the projection block is the best projection block, and the motion vector obtained in the motion estimation stage is the best motion vector, and the motion compensation interpolation is performed using the motion vector.
As shown in fig. 5, in case 3, there is no projection block on the interpolation block, i.e. a hole is generated during projection; in the case of a void,
the adopted processing method is to fill by using the motion vector median filtering of the non-hole block adjacent to the current hole block:
wherein, VholeHollow block, Vj，ViAnd N represents the number of available non-hole blocks, namely, the four adjacent blocks of the hole block, namely, the upper, lower, left and right adjacent blocks are all non-hole blocks.
While the foregoing description shows and describes the preferred embodiments of the present invention, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the forms disclosed herein, but is not to be construed as excluding other embodiments and is capable of use in various other combinations, modifications, and environments and is capable of changes within the scope of the inventive concept as described herein, commensurate with the above teachings, or the skill or knowledge of the relevant art. And that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. A frame rate conversion method based on adaptive motion compensation is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
bidirectional motion estimation: for obtaining forward and backward motion vector fields and projecting the forward and backward motion vector fields into the interpolated frame to generate a bi-directional motion vector field;
a distance-based motion vector projection step: in the projection process, adopting motion vector projection based on distance, wherein the distance refers to the distance from the center point of a projection block to the center point of each overlapped interpolation block;
self-adaptive motion compensation interpolation step: after the projection of the motion vector is finished, interpolation is carried out in a self-adaptive motion compensation mode.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the frame rate conversion method based on adaptive motion compensation comprises: the distance calculation formula in the distance-based motion vector projection step is as follows:
wherein,for distance, project block is a projection block, Pinterpolated _ block is an interpolation block, and the distance can be expressed as a percentage of the overlap area between the projection block and the interpolation block;
furthermore, in order to obtain the best projection block, there is the following formula:
wherein,is the best projection block; SAD is the sum of absolute differences, a measure of similarity between image blocks, and is calculated by taking the absolute difference between each pixel in the original block and the corresponding pixel in the block for comparison.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the frame rate conversion method based on adaptive motion compensation comprises: the adaptive motion compensated interpolation step includes the following cases:
case 1: a plurality of projection blocks are arranged on one interpolation block;
case 2: an interpolation block has only one projection block;
case 3: the inner insert block is not provided with a projection block;
in case 1, an empirical threshold T is set to screen motion vectors, MVs with large deviations are discarded, and MVs with small deviations are retained:
discarding the motion vector when SAD > T;
when SAD < T, the motion vector is reserved as a candidate bidirectional motion vector in a motion compensation interpolation stage;
in case 2, when an interpolation block has only one projection block, the projection block is the best projection block, the motion vector obtained in the motion estimation stage is the best motion vector, and the motion compensation interpolation is performed by using the motion vector;
in case 3, there is no projection block on the interpolation block, i.e. a hole is generated during the projection process; for the holes, the adopted processing method is to fill the holes by using the motion vector median filtering of the non-hole blocks adjacent to the current hole block:
wherein, VholeHollow block, Vj，ViAnd N represents the number of available non-hole blocks, namely, the four adjacent blocks of the hole block, namely, the upper, lower, left and right adjacent blocks are all non-hole blocks.
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