CN109756379A - A kind of network performance abnormality detection and localization method based on the decomposition of matrix difference - Google Patents
A kind of network performance abnormality detection and localization method based on the decomposition of matrix difference Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of network performance abnormality detection decomposed based on matrix difference and localization methods.Using the abnormality detection and localization method decomposed based on matrix difference, quantity and the position of Multiple outliers quickly and effectively can be detected and positioned.The present invention is based on the models for by round-trip delay (RTT) matrix decomposition being the sum of benchmark matrix and difference matrix, propose a kind of matrix difference decomposition method being simple and efficient, can detect in time and position the abnormal point of multiple network performances.The present invention has easily deployment, quickly detection and the multiple fault points of positioning network, the advantages such as accuracy rate is high, computational complexity is low compared to traditional method for detecting abnormality.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to network communication field, specifically a kind of network performance decomposed based on matrix difference is examined extremely
Survey and localization method, this method efficiently can detect and position the Multiple outliers in network, for management service network (including
IP network, network function virtualization (NFV) network or IP and NFV hybrid network) effective operation offer new method.
Background technique
It is increasing as network size constantly expands with network application, so that network flow is increasingly sophisticated, network malice
Behavior also increases increasingly, these cause Network Abnormal to happen occasionally.Once there is abnormal performance in network, can generate many bad shadows
It rings, if network service quality (QoS) decline, the even network communication of user experience (QoE) variation are interrupted, causes huge economic damage
It becomes estranged undesirable social influence.Network anomalous behaviors refer to occur in the course of network operation from different row under normal conditions
For these Network anomalous behaviors mostly unusually or significantly increase along with network flow, thus cause network congestion, past
Return phenomena such as time delay (RTT) time delay increases, packet loss increases.The reason of network performance exception is extremely complex, including network
Equipment fault, network attack and flow peak gush.Although the probability occurred extremely is relatively low, it can generate sternly whole network
The influence of weight.Accurate detection and quickly processing Network Abnormal are for guaranteeing that catenet stable and high effective operation plays a significant role.
In view of the factors such as technology, equipment actual deployment and existing background traffic are realized in network measure, quickly detect
It is that ISP (ISP) pays close attention to and the hot spot studied and a pole all the time extremely with positioning network performance
Has the task of challenge.Technological challenge therein includes: first, usually passes through monitoring, the change of analysis single link flow at present
Change to detect Network Abnormal.However, this method may omit the exception in a region on other multilinks, therefore need
It will be using the more comprehensively measurement method that can obtain exception information, such as traffic matrix.If but directly measuring and obtaining flow
Matrix, it is extremely difficult in realization, and if estimated flow matrix, it is total between the traffic matrix and true traffic matrix estimated
It is that there are deviations.Second, existing detection method is usually only capable of judging in network with the presence or absence of exception, but can not be carried out correct
Differentiation, which has several abnormal points also, can not determine the position of abnormal point.Some detection methods are because measurement and processing complexity are too high, no
It is easily put to practical.Third, in order to carry out verification experimental verification for the various Network anomaly detections and Location Theory that are proposed and method,
Need a set of novel, similar with the real network environment efficient test method of research and development.
The present invention gives one according to based on the RTT performance matrix being made of between the multiple ports of network RTT measurement data
The efficient matrix difference decomposition method (MADEL) of kind, this method can detect simultaneously in a network and positioning Multiple outliers, nothing
It is IP network or NFV network, the network (hereinafter referred to as network) of even IP and NFV mixing by the network.Meaning of the invention
Justice is that it can utilize RTT data with importance, efficiently and accurately determines quantity and the position of Multiple outliers, the party
Method advantages such as low, easy deployment with computational complexity.
Summary of the invention
[goal of the invention]: the present invention propose it is a kind of based on matrix difference decompose network performance abnormality detection and positioning side
Method accurately and efficiently can detect and position multiple fault points present in network, with solve can not be same existing for conventional method
When detect multiple fault points, the position that can not determine fault point and computational complexity are high or the cost disposed in a network is big etc.
Disadvantage.
[technical solution]: technical solution of the present invention will include the following contents:
1, a kind of system that can support actively to measure and form RTT performance matrix, it is characterised in that the following steps are included:
(1) for the network area of progress network performance abnormality detection and positioning, need to be arranged an Analysis server, and
And the interface connecting at the n in the region with external network is all arranged with the RTT middleboxes for carrying out actively measuring function.
(2) each RTT middleboxes actively measure RTT numerical value to other RTT middleboxes, and the RTT data measured are sent out
It is sent to Analysis server.
(3) temporally the period summarizes the RTT data that all RTT middleboxes are sent to Analysis server, in each period
The measured value that measurement obtains is arranged in the vector of a 1 × P, then i.e. one T of composition of all RTT values obtained in T period
The RTT matrix A of × PT×P.Wherein P=n × (n-1) indicates the number of RTT measured value between each port measured in each period
(do not include itself and arrive itself)；T indicates the periodicity of measurement；I-th row indicates all end-to-end RTT values within i-th of period, the
J column indicate that the RTT time series measured between j-th of edge device pair, the matrix A of composition are known as RTT matrix (referring to Fig. 1).
2, a kind of abnormality detection and localization method based on matrix difference decomposition method, it is characterised in that including following step
It is rapid:
According to the RTT Criterion-matrix collected under proper network, matrix difference point will be utilized containing abnormal low-rank RTT matrix
Solution method quickly detects polyisocyanate constant amount and realizes abnormal positioning.MADEL algorithm mainly comprises the steps that
(1) abnormal matrix A will first difference processing: be contained1∈RT×NWith Criterion-matrix A0Difference processing is carried out, difference is obtained
Different matrix Ae=A1-A0；Again to AeElementJudged, if(c0For small constant value) it is then marked as normally
It (is denoted as), otherwise isolate the dataObtain difference matrix Ae。
(2) abnormal data extracts.According to the property of the nonnegative matrix of matrix theory and matrix in block form, looked for from difference submatrix
Non- negative anomaly submatrix outWherein α is AeThe all rows chosen
Label set, β AeThe all column label set chosen, obtained abnormal submatrix are the nonnegative matrix containing abnormal data.
(3) abnormal quantity detects.ForConsider the column label chosen in its β to element, each element βi, 0≤i≤| β |
Comprising abnormal edge device label to information, by relevant warping apparatus label to being added in column label set P.It counts and counts
Label is to (P in calculation label set Pk1, Pk2), 0≤k≤| P | the frequency of appearance, and define (Pk1, Pk2)=(Pk2, Pk1), if super
Frequency threshold f out0, then by label to being added in abnormal point set APS (Anomalies Points Set), APS gathers big
The small abnormal number detected, label can be used for positioning exception to being related suspicious border router pair.
(4) abnormal positioning.To the suspicious border router pair of each of APS concentration, pass through network measurement tools
Traceroute is detected back and forth obtains suspicious off path information, and all hop counts and IP address collected on detective path are denoted as
IPS, while marking and the response time is averaged the abnormal subpath of one-hop delay significantly more than IPS on statistical path.It will be abnormal sub
Path finally navigates to the abnormal subpath with highest frequency of occurrence, i.e., jumps extremely according to the number descending sort of appearance
The corresponding network equipment of source and destination, output positioning abnormal results collection LAS (Localized Anomalies Set).
(5) the MADEL algorithm key step used includes:
[beneficial effect]: the method for the present invention accurately and efficiently can detect and position multiple fault points present in network,
It compared with traditional method for detecting abnormality, have the advantages that be easy to dispose, computation complexity is low, can be accurate simultaneously
Multiple performance fault points present in ground detection and positioning network etc..
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 network RTT matrix is established and matrix difference is decomposed
The detection of Fig. 2 small scale network and positioning case
Fig. 3 large scale network
Fig. 4 Multi net voting abnormal performance test result
Network performance abnormal test results when Fig. 5 intensity difference
Fig. 6 heterogeneous networks scale and structural complexity test result
Specific embodiment
The mode that the present invention uses specifically is introduced below in conjunction with drawings and concrete examples.
1, RTT performance matrix is established
According to the requirement of different network test environment, network, and configuration of IP, link are built using different network technologies
The critical networks parameter such as bandwidth, Routing Protocol；The support RTT program for actively measuring function is deployed to the border router of network
In.
In the NET of experimental network region, if it has n border router port, the RTT process of measurement of deployment is utilized,
(period) measures the end-to-end RTT performance between other ports at a certain time interval.Measurement obtains in each period
Measured value be arranged in the vector of a 1 × P, then all RTT values obtained are the RTT for constituting a T × P in T period
Matrix AT×P.Wherein P=n × (n-1) indicates that the number of RTT measured value between each port measured in each period (does not include
Itself arrives itself)；T indicates the periodicity of measurement；I-th row indicates all end-to-end RTT values within i-th of period, and jth column indicate
The RTT time series measured between j-th of edge device pair, the matrix A of composition are known as RTT matrix.
2, detect and position the case study on implementation of network performance exception
The deployment of 2.1 experimental enviroments and the foundation of RTT performance matrix
In the network shown in fig. 1,15 routers are shared；Wherein R1, R2 and R3 are border routers, other 12 sections
Point (n1~n12) is internal router.The setting of its parameter are as follows: distribute IP address for each router port；Each of the links
Bandwidth is set as 10Mbps；Routing Protocol is used as using ospf (OSPF)；Every five seconds injects one to the network
A intensity is the UDP Poisson flow of 1Mbps as background stream etc..To measure and collecting convenient for RTT, by RTT process of measurement middleboxes
M1~M3 is deployed in respectively in border router R1~R3.
After starting network and process of measurement, the RTT value building RTT performance matrix of corresponding time cycle is acquired.In the net
In network, there are three border routers, therefore can obtain 6 RTT values；Our continuous samplings within T period, the then NET
RTT performance can use the matrix A of T × 6T×6It indicates.Wherein matrix elementIt indicates in t-th of period inner boundary equipment i to boundary
The RTT measured value of equipment j, the matrix thus constituted are exactly RTT matrix.Specific process has: from the 1st period (period is 8 seconds long)
Start to the 20th period, unimplanted any abnormal flow, the RTT data in 16 periods under the proper network of collection, and constructs
Criterion-matrix A0；Out of the 21st the period to the 40th period, internally router n9 injects abnormal flow, we collect at this stage
The data in 16 periods, and construct containing abnormal matrix A1。
The process of 2.2 network performance abnormality detections and positioning
Fig. 2 gives the main processes that positioning is carried out abnormality detection using MADEL algorithm.
(1) abnormal matrix A difference processing: will be contained first1With Criterion-matrix A0, obtained using matrix difference decomposition method
To difference matrix difference matrix Ae, as shown in the Step (1) of Fig. 2.C is set0=3, by the RTT data in normal range (NR)It is set as -1,Abnormal data be set asRealize the isolation of abnormal data.
(2) abnormal data extracts: by sparse abnormal data and extracting, and finds out non-negative anomaly submatrixIts
The β of middle extraction={ 2,5 }, as abnormal data part is isolated in Fig. 2 right middle.
(3) abnormal quantity detects: in conjunction with actual network topological information shown in FIG. 1, counting suspicious border router pair
It is (R1, R3) to get ASP={ (R1, R3) } is arrived, and can determine that we are tested with | ASP |=1 exception, and it is abnormal related
Edge device be R1 and R3.
(4) abnormal positioning: as the lower right of Fig. 2 uses traceroute to suspicious border router to (R1, R3)
Detection of the R1 and R3 back and forth on two paths is carried out, all hop counts and IP address collected on detective path are denoted as IPS, same to markers
Remember that the response time is significantly more than the abnormal subpath of one-hop delay average in IPS on simultaneously statistical path.In conjunction with network topological information
Statistical analysis, obtains the facility information of abnormal subpath, counts and number count_ that its abnormal subpath that sorts occurs
Times, finally navigates to the abnormal subpath { (n9, n10) } of highest frequency of occurrence, that is, the abnormal results positioned are LAS=
{ (n9, n10) }.
3, large scale network case study on implementation
3.1 network environments and evaluation index
In network as shown in Figure 3,34 routers are shared；Wherein R1~R10 is the boundary road of autonomous system (AS)
By device, other 24 nodes (n1~n24) are internal routers.The setting of its parameter are as follows: distribute IP for each router port
Address；The bandwidth of each of the links is set as 10Mbps；Routing Protocol is used as using ospf (OSPF)；Every 5
Second UDP Poisson flow that intensity is 1Mbps is injected as background stream to the network.It measures and collects for the ease of RTT, we
10 RTT middleboxes M1~M10 measured is deployed in respectively in border router R1~R10.
We assess the performance of abnormality detection and localization method using following index:
● true positive rate (TPR): correctly detect abnormal ratio；
● true negative rate (TNR): correctly detect non-abnormal ratio；
● false negative rate (FNR): undetected unnatural proportions；
● rate of false alarm (FPR): it is mistakenly detected as abnormal non-abnormal ratio；
● correct localization (CLR): has and be properly positioned abnormal ratio.
Higher TPR (TNR, CLR) and lesser FPR (FNR) mean better abnormality detection performance.
The abnormal collection of injection is denoted as IAS (Injected Anomalies Set), abnormal quantity is | IAS |=NIAS；
Non- anomalous routes device set is denoted as NAS (Non-Anomalies Set), and non-abnormal quantity is | NAS |.Make after injecting exception
With MADEL algorithm, the exception boundary router detected is APS to information, and the abnormal results of positioning are LAS, and what is detected is different
Constant amount is | APS |.According to defined above, it is known that
The situation of 3.2 Multi net voting abnormal performances
Preferably to assess MADEL performance, considering more abnormal situations, by anomaly ratio rate is defined as:Wherein anomalies_num indicates abnormal quantity, and n is the quantity of border router in network, it is assumed that
anomalies_num≤n.It is as shown in Figure 4 using the test result of MADEL algorithm under Fig. 3 network: with the increasing of abnormal ratio
Add, TPR, TNR and CLR of MADEL algorithm are down to 0.82,0.86 and 0.82 from 1 respectively, this is because the increase meeting of abnormal quantity
Increase the overlapping in Network Abnormal path, leads to detection and the decline of positioning accuracy.However, TPR, TNR of MADEL algorithm and
CLR is generally larger than 0.8, this shows that the detection normal to polyisocyanate of MADEL algorithm and positioning have good effect.
The situation of network performance exception when 3.3 intensity difference
The abnormal scene of three types is constructed in network shown in Fig. 3, it is right for the degree difference of investigating Network Abnormal
The influence of MADEL algorithm.Three scenes are respectively set are as follows: the abnormal Poisson flow for being 5Mbps in the 10th period injection Mean Speed,
Abnormal lasting is 10 periods；In the 30th period, it is 20Mbps's that Mean Speed is injected into identical internal router
Abnormal Poisson flow, Abnormal lasting are also 10 periods；In the 50th period, it is to identical position injection Mean Speed
The abnormal Poisson flow of 50Mbps continues 10 periods.As a result as shown in Figure 5.
Fig. 5's (a) the result shows that, with the increase of abnormal intensity of flow, abnormal flow increases suddenly will lead to serious net
Network congestion, abnormal data value has apparent increase in difference matrix.Fig. 5 (b)-(d) shows to make under these three abnormal scenes
Increased with TPR, TNR and CLR of MADEL algorithm with the increase of the size of injection exception stream, i.e., when the abnormal flow of injection
When rate is larger, the performance of MADEL algorithm is more preferable.
The situation of 3.4 heterogeneous networks scales and structural complexity
It establishes one and meets power law type, larger, the higher mesh network topologies of Connected degree, and keep other conditions not
Become, the border router in the network is 30, and internal router is 100 (being denoted as Prototype2), by Prototype2
It is compared with network shown in Fig. 3 (being denoted as Prototype1), the examination of more abnormality detections and positioning is carried out using MADEL algorithm
It is as shown in Figure 6 to test result.
From fig. 6 it can be seen that when abnormal quantity is less than network boundary router quantity, and abnormal quantity only accounts for internal road
By device quantity sub-fraction when, the performance of MADEL algorithm is more preferable；Correlation between abnormal quantity increase or multiple exceptions
When very strong, the accuracy of detection and positioning can be reduced slightly；For different network size and structural complexity, algorithm
There is no significant difference between TPR, TNR and CLR.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of network performance abnormality detection decomposed based on matrix difference and localization method, it is characterised in that including following step
It is rapid:
(1) difference processing round-trip delay (RTT) performance matrix and anomalous performance data are extracted: will be containing abnormal RTT matrix A1∈
RT×NWith Criterion-matrix A0Difference processing is carried out, difference matrix A is obtainede, then to AeAbnormal data be isolated and extracted, from difference
Non- negative anomaly submatrix is found out in different submatrix.
(2) abnormal quantity detection and positioning: it is for statistical analysis to the non-negative anomaly submatrix extracted, in conjunction with true network
Topology determines that suspicious border router to information, detects abnormal quantity；For each suspicious border router pair,
It is detected back and forth by measuring tool traceroute and obtains suspicious off path information, positioned the corresponding network of abnormal subpath and set
It is standby.
2. requiring the network performance abnormality detection decomposed based on matrix difference and localization method, feature according to right 1
It is in the step (1) processing, mainly includes following 2 steps:
(1) abnormal matrix A will first difference processing: be contained1∈RT×NWith Criterion-matrix A0Difference processing is carried out, difference matrix is obtained
Ae=A1-A0；Again to AeElementJudged, if(c0For small constant value) then it is marked as normal (note
For), otherwise isolate the dataObtain difference matrix Ae。
(2) abnormal data extracts.According to the nonnegative matrix of matrix theory and matrix in block form property, found out from difference matrix non-negative different
Normal submatrixαi={ 1 ..., T },d≤n2, wherein α is AeThe all rows chosen
Label set, β AeThe all column label set chosen, obtained abnormal submatrix are the nonnegative matrix containing abnormal data
The algorithm key step used includes:
1: obtaining tested RTT matrix A1；Benchmark RTT matrix A0；Border router quantity N；Abnormal data threshold value c0
2: difference processing Ae=A1-A0
3:for eachin Ae
4:
5:J is added in β
6:
7:end for
8: output。
3. requiring the Network anomaly detection and localization method decomposed based on matrix difference according to right 1, it is characterised in that
Mainly include following 2 steps in step (2) processing:
(1) abnormal quantity detects.ForConsider the column label chosen in its β to element, each element βi, 0≤i≤| β | include
Abnormal edge device label is to information, by relevant warping apparatus label to being added in column label set P.It counts and calculates mark
Number collection P in label to (Pk1, Pk2), 0≤k≤| P | the frequency of appearance, and define (Pk1, Pk2)=(Pk2, Pk1), if beyond frequency
Rate threshold value f0, then by label to being added in APS, the size of APS set is the abnormal number detected, and label is to as phase
Suspicious border router pair is closed, can be used for positioning exception.
(2) abnormal positioning.To the suspicious border router pair of each of APS concentration, detecting acquisition back and forth by traceroute can
Off path information is doubted, all hop counts and IP address on detective path is collected and is denoted as IPS, while marking and being rung on statistical path
It is averaged the abnormal subpath of one-hop delay between seasonable significantly more than IPS.By abnormal subpath according to frequency of occurrence descending sort, most
The abnormal subpath with highest frequency of occurrence, i.e., the corresponding network equipment of the source and destination jumped extremely are navigated to afterwards.
The algorithm key step used includes:
1: obtaining abnormal submatrixChoose column label set β；Abnormal frequency threshold value f0
2:for each βi in β
3:doBy (Pk1, Pk2) be added in P
//Pk1And Pk2It isβiThe source address and destination address of column
4:
5:then is by (Pk1, Pk2) be added in APS
6:end for
7:| APS | the abnormal quantity detected
8:for each (Pk1, Pk2)in APS
9:IPS ← use traceroute detection Pk1To Pk2、Pk2To Pk1Hop count and IP address on two paths
The response time is averaged the abnormal subpath number of one-hop delay significantly more than IPS on 10:count_times ← statistical path
11: (x1, x2) is added to LAS by sort count_times and positioning first abnormal subpath (x1, x2)
12:end for
13: output APS and LAS.
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