CN109755937B - Regional power grid inertia calculation method and device based on measurement - Google Patents
Regional power grid inertia calculation method and device based on measurement Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention provides a measuring-based regional power grid inertia calculation method and device, wherein the method comprises the following steps: constructing a frequency response model of a regional power grid to be analyzed, wherein the model inputs power deviation injected into the regional power grid by a tie line, outputs the power deviation of the regional power grid, and takes the regional power grid inertia as a parameter of the model; obtaining measurement curves of injection power deviation and frequency deviation of regional power grid tie lines after power disturbance occurs to other parts of a power grid; and constructing an optimization model, wherein the decision variables are parameters of the frequency response model of the regional power grid, the optimization target is that the difference between the simulation output of the model and the measured frequency deviation curve is minimum when the measured tie line injection power deviation curve is used as input, and the optimization model is solved to obtain the optimal decision variables, namely the identification result of the regional power grid inertia. The method can accurately calculate the rotational inertia of the regional power grid, and provides an important data base for power grid analysis and operation control.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of power system analysis, in particular to a regional power grid inertia calculation method and device based on measurement.
Background
In an ac power system, the frequency is determined by the speed of the rotor of the synchronous generator. The rotor of the synchronous generator has a rotational inertia and can absorb or release energy under power disturbance, and the rate of frequency change is slowed down. The larger the inertia in the system, the more stable the frequency. Therefore, accurately grasping the total inertia of the operating synchronous generator in the system is of great significance to the understanding of the frequency dynamics and the safe operation boundary under the system power disturbance. The inertia calculation has two ideas, one is a statistical method, a generator is counted during operation, then the inertia of the generator is added, but on one hand, the method is influenced by uncertainty of inertia parameters of a unit, and on the other hand, whether a plurality of non-uniform units operate or not is difficult to count; the other method is based on measurement, and the total inertia of the system is calculated according to the frequency response of the system under the power disturbance. Most of the existing measurement-based methods calculate the inertia of the whole synchronous power grid, but actually, the distribution of the inertia is also expected to be known, and the inertia of the power grid in a certain area is expected to be known.
Disclosure of Invention
Embodiments of the present invention provide a method and apparatus for calculating the inertia of a local power grid based on measurement, which overcome or at least partially solve the above problems.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a measurement-based method for calculating inertia of a regional power grid, including:
establishing a frequency response simulation model of the regional power grid to be analyzed by taking the regional power grid inertia, the regional power grid load frequency response coefficient, the regional power grid primary frequency modulation response time constant and the regional power grid primary frequency modulation amplification factor as parameters, taking the regional power grid power deviation of the regional power grid to be analyzed injected into the regional power grid to be analyzed by an external power grid as input, and taking the regional power grid frequency deviation of the regional power grid to be analyzed as output;
obtaining a measurement time point t after power disturbance of an external power gridiRegional power grid power deviation of regional power grid to be analyzed injected into external power grid
And the frequency deviation delta f of the regional power grid to be analyzedm(ti) And identifying the parameters of the frequency response simulation model to obtain the inertia of the regional power grid.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a measurement-based device for calculating local grid inertia, including:
the system comprises a first module, a second module and a third module, wherein the first module is used for taking the inertia of a regional power grid, the load frequency response coefficient of the regional power grid, the primary frequency modulation response time constant of the regional power grid and the primary frequency modulation amplification factor of the regional power grid as parameters, taking the regional power grid power deviation injected into the regional power grid to be analyzed by an external power grid as input, and taking the regional power grid frequency deviation of the regional power grid to be analyzed as output, and constructing a frequency response simulation model of the regional power grid to be analyzed;
a second module for obtaining a measurement time point t after power disturbance of the external power gridiRegional power grid power deviation of regional power grid to be analyzed injected into external power grid
And the frequency deviation delta f of the regional power grid to be analyzedm(ti) And identifying the parameters of the frequency response simulation model to obtain the inertia of the regional power grid.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an electronic device, which includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, and the processor implements the steps of the method provided in the first aspect when executing the program.
In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method as provided in the first aspect.
The embodiment of the invention provides a measuring-based regional power grid inertia calculation method and device, wherein the method comprises the following steps: constructing a frequency response simulation model of a regional power grid to be analyzed, wherein the model is input as the power deviation of a tie line injected into the regional power grid, the output is the frequency deviation of the regional power grid, and the inertia of the regional power grid is a parameter of the model; obtaining measurement curves of injection power deviation and frequency deviation of regional power grid tie lines after power disturbance occurs to other parts of a power grid; and constructing an optimization model, wherein the decision variables are parameters of the frequency response simulation model of the regional power grid, the optimization target is that the difference between the simulation output of the model and the measured frequency deviation curve is minimum when the measured tie line injection power deviation curve is used as input, and the optimization model is solved to obtain the optimal decision variables, namely the identification result of the regional power grid inertia is obtained. The method can accurately calculate the rotational inertia of the regional power grid, and provides an important data base for power grid analysis and operation control.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a measurement-based method for calculating the inertia of a regional power grid according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a transfer function of a frequency response simulation model according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a device for calculating local grid inertia based on measurement according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic physical structure diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The inertia calculation has two ideas, one is a statistical method, a generator is counted during operation, then the inertia of the generator is added, but on one hand, the method is influenced by uncertainty of inertia parameters of a unit, and on the other hand, whether a plurality of non-uniform units operate or not is difficult to count; the other method is based on measurement, and the total inertia of the system is calculated according to the frequency response of the system under the power disturbance. Most of the existing measurement-based methods calculate the inertia of the whole synchronous power grid, but actually, the distribution of the inertia is also expected to be known, and the inertia of the power grid in a certain area is expected to be known.
Therefore, an area grid inertia calculation method based on measurement provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown in fig. 1, and includes:
s1, constructing a frequency response simulation model of the regional power grid to be analyzed by taking the inertia of the regional power grid, the load frequency response coefficient of the regional power grid, the primary frequency modulation response time constant of the regional power grid and the primary frequency modulation amplification factor of the regional power grid as parameters, and taking the regional power grid power deviation of the regional power grid to be analyzed, which is injected into the regional power grid to be analyzed by an external power grid, as input and the regional power grid frequency deviation of the regional power grid to be analyzed as output;
s2, obtaining the measuring time point t after the power disturbance of the external power grid occursiRegional power grid power deviation of regional power grid to be analyzed injected into external power grid
And the frequency deviation delta f of the regional power grid to be analyzedm(ti) And identifying the parameters of the frequency response simulation model to obtain the inertia of the regional power grid.
Specifically, in this embodiment and the following embodiments, by obtaining a tie line between the regional power grid to be analyzed and the external power grid, a power deviation injected into the regional power grid to be analyzed by the tie line is a regional power grid power deviation, and a transfer function of a frequency response simulation model of the regional power grid to be analyzed is as follows:
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a transfer function of a frequency response simulation model, where Δ PDInjecting regional power grid power deviation of the regional power grid to be analyzed into the tie line, outputting regional power grid frequency deviation delta f and regional power grid inertia TJIs a parameter of the frequency response simulation model, i.e. the decision variable, in this embodiment, the decision variable further includes the regional grid load frequency response coefficient KLRegional power grid primary frequency modulation response time constant TGAnd regional power grid primary frequency modulation amplification factor KG，△PeFor the power generation load deviation, Δ PmFor generator input mechanical power deviation, s is laplacian, and Σ represents the addition operator.
In this embodiment, whether the position where the power disturbance occurs is in an external power grid is judged by observing the change direction of the injected power and the frequency, and if the injected power and the frequency increase or decrease simultaneously after the disturbance occurs, the power disturbance occurs in the external power grid, which can be used for calculating the inertia of the regional power grid.
On the basis of the above embodiment, training the frequency response simulation model specifically includes:
constructing an optimization model of the frequency response simulation model, wherein the decision variables are parameters of the frequency response simulation model, and the optimization objective function is as follows:
wherein, Δ fs(ti) To be composed of
And solving the optimization model for the simulation output of the frequency response simulation model during input to obtain a decision variable when the objective function is minimum. And training by taking the measured regional power grid power deviation of the regional power grid to be analyzed injected into the external power grid and the regional power grid frequency deviation of the regional power grid to be analyzed as samples, and acquiring a decision variable when the objective function is minimum.
In this embodiment, the optimization objective function is used as a constraint condition, the optimization model is solved based on a particle swarm algorithm, and a decision variable when the objective function is minimum is obtained. And solving the optimized frequency response simulation model by using the parameter value range as a constraint condition.
Based on the embodiment, the measured t after the power disturbance of the external power grid is obtainediRegional power grid power deviation of local power grid to be analyzed by injecting external power grid at any moment into regional power grid
And the frequency deviation delta f of the regional power grid to be analyzedm(ti) The method specifically comprises the following steps:
after monitoring power disturbance of an external power grid based on a power system synchronized Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU), the external power grid injects a power dynamic measurement curve and a frequency dynamic measurement curve of the regional power grid to be analyzed, a measured regional power grid power deviation curve is obtained based on the power dynamic measurement curve and a power initial value of the regional power grid to be analyzed before power disturbance occurs, and a measured regional power grid frequency deviation curve is obtained based on the frequency dynamic measurement curve and the frequency initial value of the regional power grid to be analyzed before power disturbance occurs.
In this embodiment, the dynamic Measurement of the injected power and frequency of the tie-line is generally obtained from a Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU), which is a systemColumn discrete time points tiThe measured value of (c). The measurement curve is taken from the sampling point before the disturbance occurs, and the data length can be 5 to 10 s. The initial value before disturbance is the value of the sampling point before the disturbance occurs.
Fig. 3 is a measurement-based device for calculating local grid inertia according to an embodiment of the present invention, which includes a first module 30 and a second module 40, where:
the first module 30 takes the inertia of the regional power grid, the load frequency response coefficient of the regional power grid, the primary frequency modulation response time constant of the regional power grid and the primary frequency modulation amplification factor of the regional power grid as parameters, takes the regional power grid power deviation injected into the regional power grid to be analyzed by an external power grid as input, and takes the regional power grid frequency deviation of the regional power grid to be analyzed as output, and constructs a frequency response simulation model of the regional power grid to be analyzed;
the second module 40 obtains the measurement time point t after the external power grid generates power disturbanceiRegional power grid power deviation of regional power grid to be analyzed injected into external power grid
And the frequency deviation delta f of the regional power grid to be analyzedm(ti) And training the frequency response simulation model to obtain the regional power grid inertia.
Fig. 4 is a schematic entity structure diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 4, the electronic device may include: a processor (processor)810, a communication Interface 820, a memory 830 and a communication bus 840, wherein the processor 810, the communication Interface 820 and the memory 830 communicate with each other via the communication bus 840. The processor 810 may invoke a computer program stored on the memory 830 and executable on the processor 810 to perform the measurement-based regional power grid inertia calculation methods provided by the above embodiments, for example, including:
s1, constructing a frequency response simulation model of the regional power grid to be analyzed by taking the inertia of the regional power grid, the load frequency response coefficient of the regional power grid, the primary frequency modulation response time constant of the regional power grid and the primary frequency modulation amplification factor of the regional power grid as parameters, and taking the regional power grid power deviation of the regional power grid to be analyzed, which is injected into the regional power grid to be analyzed by an external power grid, as input and the regional power grid frequency deviation of the regional power grid to be analyzed as output;
s2, obtaining the measuring time point t after the power disturbance of the external power grid occursiRegional power grid power deviation of regional power grid to be analyzed injected into external power grid
And the frequency deviation delta f of the regional power grid to be analyzedm(ti) And identifying the parameters of the frequency response simulation model to obtain the inertia of the regional power grid.
In addition, the logic instructions in the memory 830 may be implemented in software functional units and stored in a computer readable storage medium when the logic instructions are sold or used as independent products. Based on such understanding, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention may be essentially implemented or make a contribution to the prior art, or may be implemented in the form of a software product stored in a storage medium and including instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the embodiments of the present invention. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and other various media capable of storing program codes.
Embodiments of the present invention further provide a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, where the computer program is implemented to perform the measurement-based regional power grid inertia calculation method provided in the foregoing embodiments when executed by a processor, for example, the method includes:
s1, constructing a frequency response simulation model of the regional power grid to be analyzed by taking the inertia of the regional power grid, the load frequency response coefficient of the regional power grid, the primary frequency modulation response time constant of the regional power grid and the primary frequency modulation amplification factor of the regional power grid as parameters, and taking the regional power grid power deviation of the regional power grid to be analyzed, which is injected into the regional power grid to be analyzed by an external power grid, as input and the regional power grid frequency deviation of the regional power grid to be analyzed as output;
s2, obtaining the measuring time point t after the power disturbance of the external power grid occursiRegional power grid power deviation of regional power grid to be analyzed injected into external power grid
And the frequency deviation delta f of the regional power grid to be analyzedm(ti) And identifying the parameters of the frequency response simulation model to obtain the inertia of the regional power grid.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer program product, where the computer program product includes a computer program stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, and the computer program includes program instructions, and when the program instructions are executed by a computer, the computer can execute the measurement-based regional power grid inertia calculation method as described above, for example, the method includes:
s1, constructing a frequency response simulation model of the regional power grid to be analyzed by taking the inertia of the regional power grid, the load frequency response coefficient of the regional power grid, the primary frequency modulation response time constant of the regional power grid and the primary frequency modulation amplification factor of the regional power grid as parameters, and taking the regional power grid power deviation of the regional power grid to be analyzed, which is injected into the regional power grid to be analyzed by an external power grid, as input and the regional power grid frequency deviation of the regional power grid to be analyzed as output;
s2, obtaining the measuring time point t after the power disturbance of the external power grid occursiRegional power grid power deviation of regional power grid to be analyzed injected into external power grid
And the frequency deviation delta f of the regional power grid to be analyzedm(ti) And identifying the parameters of the frequency response simulation model to obtain the inertia of the regional power grid.
In summary, the method and the apparatus for calculating the inertia of the regional power grid based on measurement provided by the embodiments of the present invention include: constructing a frequency response simulation model of a regional power grid to be analyzed, wherein the model is input as the power deviation of a tie line injected into the regional power grid, the output is the frequency deviation of the regional power grid, and the inertia of the regional power grid is a parameter of the model; obtaining measurement curves of injection power deviation and frequency deviation of regional power grid tie lines after power disturbance occurs to other parts of a power grid; and constructing an optimization model, wherein the decision variables are parameters of the frequency response simulation model of the regional power grid, the optimization target is that the difference between the simulation output of the model and the measured frequency deviation curve is minimum when the measured tie line injection power deviation curve is used as input, and the optimization model is solved to obtain the optimal decision variables, namely the identification result of the regional power grid inertia is obtained. The method can accurately calculate the rotational inertia of the regional power grid, and provides an important data base for power grid analysis and operation control.
The above-described embodiments of the apparatus are merely illustrative, and the units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the present embodiment. One of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without inventive effort.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and certainly can also be implemented by hardware. With this understanding in mind, the above-described technical solutions may be embodied in the form of a software product, which can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium such as ROM/RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., and includes instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the embodiments or some parts of the embodiments.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A measurement-based regional power grid inertia calculation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
establishing a frequency response simulation model of the regional power grid to be analyzed by taking the regional power grid inertia, the regional power grid load frequency response coefficient, the regional power grid primary frequency modulation response time constant and the regional power grid primary frequency modulation amplification factor as parameters, taking the regional power grid power deviation of the regional power grid to be analyzed injected into the regional power grid to be analyzed by an external power grid as input, and taking the regional power grid frequency deviation of the regional power grid to be analyzed as output;
obtaining a measurement time point t after power disturbance of an external power gridiRegional power grid power deviation of regional power grid to be analyzed injected into external power grid
And the frequency deviation delta f of the regional power grid to be analyzedm(ti) Identifying parameters of the frequency response simulation model to judge the position of the power disturbance according to the variation direction of the injection power and the frequency, and judging to acquire the power disturbance occurring in an external power grid to obtain the inertia of the regional power grid if the injection power and the frequency are increased or decreased simultaneously after the disturbance occurs;
identifying the parameters of the frequency response simulation model, specifically comprising:
constructing an optimization model of the frequency response simulation model, wherein the decision variables are parameters of the frequency response simulation model, and the optimization objective function is as follows:
wherein, Δ fs(ti) To be composed of
Solving the optimization model for the simulation output of the frequency response simulation model during input to obtain a decision variable when the objective function is minimum;
the transfer function of the frequency response simulation model of the regional power grid to be analyzed is as follows:
in the formula, delta PDInjecting the regional power grid power deviation of the regional power grid to be analyzed into the external power grid, wherein delta f is the regional power grid frequency deviation; t isJ、KL、TGAnd KGParameters of the frequency response simulation model are respectively expressed as regional power grid inertia, regional power grid load frequency response coefficient, regional power grid primary frequency modulation response time constant and regional power grid primary frequency modulation amplification factor; s is the laplace operator.
2. The measurement-based local power grid inertia calculation method of claim 1, wherein the measurement t is obtained after power disturbance of the external power grid occursiRegional power grid power deviation of local power grid to be analyzed by injecting external power grid at any moment into regional power grid
And the frequency deviation delta f of the regional power grid to be analyzedm(ti) The method specifically comprises the following steps:
after monitoring power disturbance of an external power grid based on a power system synchronized Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU), the external power grid injects a power dynamic measurement curve and a frequency dynamic measurement curve of the regional power grid to be analyzed, a measured regional power grid power deviation curve is obtained based on the power dynamic measurement curve and a power initial value of the regional power grid to be analyzed before power disturbance occurs, and a measured regional power grid frequency deviation curve is obtained based on the frequency dynamic measurement curve and the frequency initial value of the regional power grid to be analyzed before power disturbance occurs.
3. The measurement-based local power grid inertia calculation method according to claim 1, wherein obtaining a decision variable when the objective function is minimum specifically includes:
and solving a frequency response simulation model based on a particle swarm algorithm by taking the optimized objective function as a constraint condition to obtain a decision variable when the objective function is minimum.
4. The measurement-based local power grid inertia calculation method according to claim 2, wherein the synchrophasor measurement unit PMU monitors discrete time points tiThe measured value of (a).
5. A measurement-based local grid inertia calculation apparatus, comprising:
the system comprises a first module, a second module and a third module, wherein the first module is used for taking the inertia of a regional power grid, the load frequency response coefficient of the regional power grid, the primary frequency modulation response time constant of the regional power grid and the primary frequency modulation amplification factor of the regional power grid as parameters, taking the regional power grid power deviation injected into the regional power grid to be analyzed by an external power grid as input, and taking the regional power grid frequency deviation of the regional power grid to be analyzed as output, and constructing a frequency response simulation model of the regional power grid to be analyzed;
a second module for obtaining a measurement time point t after power disturbance of the external power gridiRegional power grid power deviation of regional power grid to be analyzed injected into external power grid
And the frequency deviation delta f of the regional power grid to be analyzedm(ti) Identifying parameters of the frequency response simulation model to judge the position of the power disturbance according to the variation direction of the injection power and the frequency, and judging to acquire the power disturbance occurring in an external power grid to obtain the inertia of the regional power grid if the injection power and the frequency are increased or decreased simultaneously after the disturbance occurs;
identifying the parameters of the frequency response simulation model, specifically comprising:
constructing an optimization model of the frequency response simulation model, wherein the decision variables are parameters of the frequency response simulation model, and the optimization objective function is as follows:
wherein, Δ fs(ti) To be composed of
Solving the optimization model for the simulation output of the frequency response simulation model during input to obtain a decision variable when the objective function is minimum;
the transfer function of the frequency response simulation model of the regional power grid to be analyzed is as follows:
in the formula, delta PDInjecting the regional power grid power deviation of the regional power grid to be analyzed into the external power grid, wherein delta f is the regional power grid frequency deviation; t isJ、KL、TGAnd KGParameters of the frequency response simulation model are respectively expressed as regional power grid inertia, regional power grid load frequency response coefficient, regional power grid primary frequency modulation response time constant and regional power grid primary frequency modulation amplification factor; s is the laplace operator.
6. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that the steps of the method according to any of claims 1 to 4 are implemented when the processor executes the program.
7. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
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