CN109755489A - A kind of fluorophosphoric acid vanadium sodium/preparation of carbon complex and the application of compound - Google Patents
A kind of fluorophosphoric acid vanadium sodium/preparation of carbon complex and the application of compound Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to sodium-ion battery positive material field, in particular to the group of a kind of fluorophosphoric acid vanadium sodium/preparation of carbon complex and the application of compound, the positive electrode becomes Na3V2(PO4)2F3.Na of the invention3V2(PO4)2F3It is to be prepared using solvent heat-ball-milling method of low temperature green, compared with traditional ball-milling method, the preparation of material needs not move through high-temperature calcination, and energy consumption is lower, environmentally protective.Prepared Na3V2(PO4)2F3/ C compound shows the specific discharge capacity and excellent high rate performance close to theoretical specific capacity, there is good application prospect in the equipment of portable electronic device and fast charging and discharging by electrochemical property test.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to sodium-ion battery positive material field, in particular to a kind of system of fluorophosphoric acid vanadium sodium/carbon complex
Standby and its application.
Background technique
The energy is the important impetus of social development, and the used energy is broadly divided into renewable energy (wind energy, water at present
Energy, solar energy etc.) and non-renewable energy resources (coal, petroleum, natural gas etc.).Due to non-renewable energy resources shortage of resources and to environment
It is seriously polluted, the development of renewable energy has been to be concerned by more and more people, but renewable energy is discontinuous, unstable, will
Its direct grid-connected can generate very big impact to power grid.Energy storage technology is the key that solution renewable energy is discontinuous, unstable
Technology.In numerous energy storage technologies, lithium ion battery has many advantages, such as that energy density is high, has extended cycle life, and is widely answered
For in various portable electronic devices and electric car, but lithium resource reserves are limited, are unevenly distributed, and limit lithium-ion electric
The large-scale development in pond.
Sodium and lithium have a similar chemistry, physical property, and the rich reserves (abundance of Na be Li 1000 times) of Na, point
Cloth is extensive, and cost is relatively low, and the development of sodium-ion battery can effectively alleviate the limited problem of lithium resource.The appearance of sodium-ion battery
Amount is limited to positive electrode, and developing positive electrode is the key that realize sodium-ion battery large-scale application, and fluorophosphoric acid vanadium sodium has
NASICON (Na super ionic conductor) structure, sodium ion deintercalation fast speed, stable structure, and voltage platform with higher and
Theoretical specific capacity is a kind of positive electrode for having very much application potential.From the point of view of current report, the preparation method of fluorophosphoric acid vanadium sodium
Mainly sol-gel method and ball-milling method, both methods are (300 DEG C -400 DEG C) and high due to needing to be pre-sintered by high temperature
Temperature is sintered into the process of phase, and energy consumption is higher, and preparation process is complicated.To realize the large-scale application of fluorophosphoric acid vanadium sodium, just
It must find that a kind of green is simple, energy consumption is lower, solvent heat-ball-milling method can be under lower temperature (100-300 DEG C) because of it
Subcritical or critical state is formed, to make material preferably at phase, therefore solvent heat-ball-milling method synthesis fluorophosphoric acid vanadium sodium is real
A kind of good method of its existing large-scale application.Meanwhile meanwhile, Na is prepared by solvent heat-ball-milling method3V2(PO4)2F3
Afterwards, using ball grinding method to Na3V2(PO4)2F3Carry out that carbon is compound obtains Na3V2(PO4)2F3/ C compound, uses ball-milling method pair
Na3V2(PO4)2F3It is even closer to carry out the compound contact for making material with carbon of carbon, improves the electric conductivity of material;Secondly, ball milling makes
Na3V2(PO4)2F3Particle reduces, and the deintercalation path of sodium ion shortens, and the deintercalation speed of sodium ion is greatly improved;In addition,
Particle reduces so that material has the increase of the contact area of biggish specific surface area, material and carbon and electrolyte, electronics and ion
Become smaller in the transmission resistance of material interface, transmission speed increases, and improves the high rate performance of material.Prepared Na3V2(PO4)2F3/
C compound shows the specific discharge capacity and excellent high rate performance close to theoretical specific capacity by electrochemical property test,
There is good application prospect in portable electronic device and fast charging and discharging equipment.
Summary of the invention
The present invention relates to a kind of low temperature preparation fluorophosphoric acid vanadium sodium/method of carbon complex and its answering in sodium-ion battery
With.
The group of the fluorophosphoric acid vanadium sodium/carbon complex becomes Na3V2(PO4)2F3/C;
The preparation step of the fluorophosphoric acid vanadium sodium/carbon complex includes:
1) in molar ratio for 3:2:2:3:2 weigh sodium salt (such as sodium acetate, sodium sulphate, sodium oxalate, sodium citrate, sodium nitrate,
One of sodium fluoride, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium hydroxide or two kinds or more), vanadium source (vanadium phosphate, ammonium metavanadate, acetyl
One of acetone vanadium, vanadic anhydride or both mixing), phosphate (ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate,
One of disodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium phosphate, sodium phosphate and vanadium phosphate or two kinds or more), villiaumite (ammonium fluoride, sodium fluoride, fluorination
One of potassium, lithium fluoride and hydrofluoric acid or two kinds or more) and reducing agent (vanadium source is added when being pentavalent compound, including oxalic acid,
One of ascorbic acid, citric acid, sucrose, glucose, sucrose, malic acid, ethanedioic acid, adipic acid or two kinds or more)
Quality,;
2) sodium salt of step 1), vanadium source, phosphate, villiaumite and reducing agent are added in 100ml water heating kettle, solvent is added
(one of water, acetone, ethyl alcohol, ethylene glycol or two kinds or more, the volume of solvent are 8-75ml), adds 0.05-2.0g
Additive (one of PEG, neopelex, ammonium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, oxalic acid, citric acid, hydrochloric acid or two kinds and
More than) under lower temperature (100-300 DEG C) react 3-72h.
3) mixture for obtaining step 2) filters, and is cleaned 2-5 times with deionized water and ethyl alcohol.Place into 100-150 DEG C
Baking oven in keep 1-20h, obtain Na3V2(PO4)2F3。
4) Na for obtaining step 3)3V2(PO4)2F3With carbon material (Ketjen black, acetylene black, graphite, graphene, carbon nanometer
One or both of fiber, carbon nanotube or more, Na3V2(PO4)2F3Mass ratio with carbon material is 4:1-20:1) it is added
Into ball grinder, adding agate ball (agate ball with raw material quality ratio be 2~15:1) ball milling 0.1-24h, (revolving speed is
580rpm), Na is obtained3V2(PO4)2F3/ C compound.
By prepared Na3V2(PO4)2F3/ C compound is as anode, and metallic sodium piece is as cathode, glass fibre membrane conduct
Diaphragm, solute 1MNaClO4, solvent EC (ethylene carbonate) and DEC (diethyl carbonate) mixture (mass ratio 1:1), addition
Agent be mass fraction be 2% FEC as electrolyte, aluminium foil is as collector plate, by CR2016 button shell according to negative electrode casing
Body, negative electrode, electrolyte, diaphragm, electrolyte, anode electrode, collector anode pole housing sequence successively stack compression group
Dress up sodium-ion battery.
Beneficial effects of the present invention
Na of the invention3V2(PO4)2F3It is to be prepared using solvent heat-ball-milling method of low temperature green, with traditional ball
Mill method is compared, and the preparation of material needs not move through high-temperature calcination, and energy consumption is lower, environmentally protective.Meanwhile passing through solvent heat-ball milling
Na is prepared in method3V2(PO4)2F3Afterwards, using ball grinding method to Na3V2(PO4)2F3Carry out that carbon is compound obtains Na3V2(PO4)2F3/C
Compound, using ball-milling method to Na3V2(PO4)2F3It is even closer to carry out the compound contact for making material with carbon of carbon, improves leading for material
Electrically;Secondly, ball milling makes Na3V2(PO4)2F3Particle reduces, and the deintercalation path of sodium ion shortens, and the deintercalation speed of sodium ion obtains
It is promoted to great;In addition, particle reduces so that material has biggish specific surface area, the contact surface of material and carbon and electrolyte
Product increases, and electronics and ion become smaller in the transmission resistance of material interface, and transmission speed increases, and improves the high rate performance of material.Institute
The Na of preparation3V2(PO4)2F3/ C compound shows the specific discharge capacity close to theoretical specific capacity by electrochemical property test
With excellent high rate performance, there is good application prospect in the equipment of portable electronic device and fast charging and discharging.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the AC impedance figure of comparative example, embodiment 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3 under the conditions of 0.1Hz-100kHz.
Fig. 2 is the high rate performance figure of comparative example, embodiment 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1:(VPO4Solvent heat-ball-milling method prepares Na3V2(PO4)2F3/ C compound)
Weigh 0.315g sodium fluoride (both doing Fluorine source, also do sodium source), 0.649g vanadium phosphate (had both done vanadium source, and also done phosphoric acid
Salt), 0.3gSDS (lauryl sodium sulfate), be added in the water heating kettle of 100mL, 25ml ethyl alcohol and 25ml deionized water be added,
48h is reacted at 180 DEG C.Gained mixed solution is filtered using filter paper, is cleaned 3 times with deionized water and ethyl alcohol, is placed into 120 DEG C
Baking oven in keep 12h, obtain Na3V2(PO4)2F3.By 1.35g Na3V2(PO4)2F3It is added to 0.15g KB (Ketjen black)
In ball grinder, 30g agate ball ball milling 2h (revolving speed 580rpm) is added, Na is obtained3V2(PO4)2F3/ C compound.
Embodiment 2:(NH4VO3Solvent heat-ball-milling method prepares Na3V2(PO4)2F3/ C compound)
Weigh 0.315g sodium fluoride (both doing Fluorine source, also do sodium source), 0.585g ammonium metavanadate, 0.5752g ammonium dihydrogen phosphate,
1.0507g monohydrate potassium, 0.3g PEG-6000, are added in the water heating kettle of 100mL, and 25ml acetone is added and 25ml is gone
Ionized water reacts 36h at 140 DEG C.Gained mixed solution is filtered using filter paper, is cleaned 3 times with deionized water and ethyl alcohol, then put
Enter in 120 DEG C of baking oven and keep 8h, obtains Na3V2(PO4)2F3.By 1.3g Na3V2(PO4)2F3Ball is added to 0.2g acetylene black
In grinding jar, 25g agate ball ball milling 4h (revolving speed 580rpm) is added, Na is obtained3V2(PO4)2F3/ C compound.
Embodiment 3:(V2O5Solvent heat-ball-milling method prepares Na3V2(PO4)2F3/ C compound)
Weigh 0.278g fluorination by, 0.300g sodium hydroxide, 0.455g vanadic anhydride, 0.5752g ammonium dihydrogen phosphate,
1.0507g monohydrate potassium, is added in the water heating kettle of 100mL, 25ml acetone and 25ml deionized water is added, at 120 DEG C
Lower reaction 48h.Gained mixed solution is filtered using filter paper, is cleaned 3 times with deionized water and ethyl alcohol, is placed into 120 DEG C of baking oven
Middle holding 8h, obtains Na3V2(PO4)2F3.By 1.35g Na3V2(PO4)2F3It is added in ball grinder with 0.15g Ketjen black, then plus
Enter 25g agate ball ball milling 4h (revolving speed 580rpm), obtains Na3V2(PO4)2F3/ C compound.
The comparative example: (Na of ball-milling method method preparation3V2(PO4)2F3/ C compound)
Weigh 2.520g sodium fluoride (both doing Fluorine source, also do sodium source), 4.679g ammonium metavanadate, 4.601g ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and
8.406g citric acid (both does carbon source, also make reducing agent), is added in the agate jar of 250mL, adds the agate ball of 80g
With 60ml deionized water, ball grinder is placed in ball mill, with the revolving speed ball milling 12h of 580rpm.Gained mixed solution (removes agate
Ball) beaker is poured into, agate bead is cleaned with deionized water, cleaning solution is poured into beaker, cleans 3 times, adds magneton to stir, at 80 DEG C
It is lower to vapor away solvent, it places into 120 DEG C of baking oven and keeps 8h, obtain precursor A.Precursor A is passed through in a nitrogen atmosphere
5h, 750 DEG C of high temperature sintering 8h are pre-sintered under the conditions of 350 DEG C, up to undoped positive electrode Na after cooling3V2(PO4)2F3。
It will be seen from figure 1 that compared with comparative example, the interface transmission resistance R of embodiment 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3ctCompared with
Small, this is mainly due to Na prepared in embodiment3V2(PO4)2F3/ C composite particles are smaller, and specific surface area is larger, electronics
Transfer between material interface and electrolyte is faster.And the sodium ion deintercalation speed of embodiment 1, embodiment 2 is significantly greater than
Comparative example sodium ion deintercalation speed (embodiment 1,2 low frequency range straight line of embodiment slope to be significantly greater than comparative example low frequency range straight
The slope of line), this is because embodiment 1 and the particle of embodiment 2 are small compared with comparative example, the deintercalation distance of sodium ion shortens, thus
So that the deintercalation speed of sodium ion becomes larger.
Figure it is seen that the high rate performance of embodiment 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3 is substantially better than the forthright again of comparative example
Energy.At 0.2C, comparative example shows 104mAh g-1Specific capacity, embodiment 1 shows 138mAh g-1Specific volume
Amount is higher than comparative example 34mAh g-1.Embodiment 2, embodiment 3 show 114mAh g respectively-1With 120mAh g-1Specific volume
Amount is higher than comparative example 10mAh g-1With 16mAh g-1.Under the high magnification of 40C, the specific capacity of comparative example is 45mAh g-1, and
Embodiment 1, embodiment 2, the specific capacity of embodiment 3 are 95mAh g-1、112mAh g-1、99mAh g-1Specific capacity.Moreover,
Under 40C, embodiment 1, embodiment 2, the specific capacity of embodiment 3 remain to reach 0.2C specific capacity 69%, 98%, 83%, performance
Excellent high rate performance is gone out.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of preparation method of fluorophosphoric acid vanadium sodium/carbon complex, it is characterised in that: the group of the positive electrode becomes Na3V2
(PO4)2F3Carbon complex, positive electrode are prepared by following steps:
It 1) is that 3:2:2:3:0-2 weighs sodium salt, vanadium source, phosphate, villiaumite by sodium, vanadium, phosphate radical, fluorine, reducing agent molar ratio
And reducing agent, obtain mixture;
2) sodium salt of step 1), vanadium source, phosphate, villiaumite and reducing agent are added to temperature is to add in 100-300 DEG C of water heating kettle
Enter solvent, adds additive reaction 3-72h;
3) mixture for obtaining step 2) filters, and is cleaned 2-5 times with deionized water and ethyl alcohol respectively, in 100-150 DEG C of temperature
Lower holding 1-20h, obtains Na3V2(PO4)2F3;
4) Na for obtaining step 3)3V2(PO4)2F3It is blended with carbon material, ball milling 0.1-24h, revolving speed 400-2000rpm is obtained
To Na3V2(PO4)2F3/ C compound.
2. the preparation method of positive electrode according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: sodium salt described in step 1) is vinegar
One of sour sodium, sodium sulphate, sodium oxalate, sodium citrate, sodium nitrate, sodium fluoride, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium hydroxide or
Two kinds or more, vanadium source is one of vanadium phosphate, ammonium metavanadate, vanadium acetylacetonate, vanadic anhydride or two kinds or more, phosphoric acid
Salt is one of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium phosphate, sodium phosphate and vanadium phosphate
Or two kinds or more, villiaumite is one of ammonium fluoride, sodium fluoride, potassium fluoride, lithium fluoride and hydrofluoric acid or two kinds or more.
3. the preparation method of positive electrode according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: reducing agent described in step 1) is
Oxalic acid, ascorbic acid, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, n-butanal, citric acid, sucrose, glucose, sucrose, malic acid, ethanedioic acid, in adipic acid
One or two or more kinds.
4. the preparation method of positive electrode according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: solvent described in step 2) is
One of water, acetone, ethyl alcohol, ethylene glycol or two kinds or more, mixture solute: solvent=1:(1-20) g/ml.
5. the preparation method of positive electrode according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: additive described in step 2) is
One of PEG, neopelex, ammonium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, oxalic acid, citric acid, hydrochloric acid or two kinds or more;Additive
Quality accounts for the 1-20% of mixture gross mass.
6. the preparation method of positive electrode according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: reaction temperature described in step 2)
It is 100-300 DEG C.
7. the preparation method of positive electrode according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the carbon material of step 4) is section's qin
One or both of black, acetylene black, graphite, graphene, carbon nano-fiber, carbon nanotube or more, and Na3V2(PO4)2F3With
The mass ratio of carbon material is 4:1-20:1.
8. a kind of compound that claim 1-7 is prepared.
9. a kind of application of compound described in claim 1, the Na3V2(PO4)2F3Carbon complex is applied to as positive electrode
In sodium-ion battery.
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CN111834628A (en) * | 2020-07-28 | 2020-10-27 | 湖南工学院 | Na-doped NH4V4O10Nano sheet material and preparation method and application thereof |
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CN112864358A (en) * | 2019-11-27 | 2021-05-28 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Vanadium-based polyanion compound prepared by one-step method and application thereof |
CN112864358B (en) * | 2019-11-27 | 2023-11-07 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Vanadium-based polyanion compound prepared by one-step method and application thereof |
CN111540900A (en) * | 2020-05-13 | 2020-08-14 | 中南大学 | Preparation method of sodium vanadium fluorophosphate cathode material |
CN111834628A (en) * | 2020-07-28 | 2020-10-27 | 湖南工学院 | Na-doped NH4V4O10Nano sheet material and preparation method and application thereof |
CN111834628B (en) * | 2020-07-28 | 2021-11-02 | 湖南工学院 | Na-doped NH4V4O10Nano sheet material and preparation method and application thereof |
CN112186154A (en) * | 2020-09-23 | 2021-01-05 | 西安交通大学 | Sodium vanadium fluorophosphate @ CNTs composite material as well as preparation method and application thereof |
CN112701285A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-04-23 | 东北师范大学 | Positive electrode material and preparation method and application thereof |
CN114094066A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-02-25 | 江苏大学 | Sodium vanadium fluorophosphate/carbon cathode material, synthetic method thereof and sodium-ion battery |
CN115692690A (en) * | 2022-11-22 | 2023-02-03 | 无锡零一未来新材料技术研究院有限公司 | Composite cathode material and preparation method and application thereof |
CN115692690B (en) * | 2022-11-22 | 2024-03-22 | 无锡零一未来新材料技术研究院有限公司 | Composite positive electrode material and preparation method and application thereof |
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