CN109755467A - Electrode pole piece, electrochemical device and safety coating - Google Patents
Electrode pole piece, electrochemical device and safety coating Download PDFInfo
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- CN109755467A CN109755467A CN201711092980.2A CN201711092980A CN109755467A CN 109755467 A CN109755467 A CN 109755467A CN 201711092980 A CN201711092980 A CN 201711092980A CN 109755467 A CN109755467 A CN 109755467A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The invention relates to an electrode plate, an electrochemical device and a safety coating. The electrode plate comprises a current collector, an electrode active material layer and a safety coating arranged between the current collector and the electrode active material layer, wherein the safety coating comprises a polyvinylidene fluoride and/or polyvinylidene chloride polymer matrix, a conductive material, an inorganic filler and a water-based binder. The electrode pad can rapidly open a circuit when an electrochemical device (such as a capacitor, a primary battery or a secondary battery, etc.) is in a high-temperature condition or an internal short circuit occurs, thereby improving the high-temperature safety of the electrochemical device.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to electrochemical technology field, it is more particularly related to a kind of electrode plates and including the electricity
The electrochemical appliance of pole pole piece.
Background technique
Energy density is big, output power is high, has extended cycle life the advantages that small with environmental pollution due to having for lithium ion battery
And it is widely used in electric car and consumer electronics product.However lithium ion battery is being squeezed, is colliding or is wearing
It is easy to that kindling, explosion occurs when the abnormal conditions such as thorn, so as to cause serious harm.Therefore the safety problem of lithium ion battery is very
It limits to big degree the application of lithium ion battery and popularizes.
Abundant experimental results show that battery internal short-circuit is the basic place for causing lithium ion battery security risk.In order to keep away
Exempt from that battery internal short-circuit occurs, researchers attempt to improve in terms of many, including the characteristic using ptc material come
Promote the research in terms of the security performance of lithium ion battery.PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) material
That is positive temperature coefficient thermo-sensitive material, the characteristic that there is resistivity to increase with temperature raising for it, when temperature is more than certain temperature
When, its resistivity increasing rapidly in step evolution.
In the research in terms of security performance of the characteristic using ptc material to promote lithium ion battery, some researchs are
Ptc material is added in the electrode active material layers of battery.When battery temperature increases, the resistance of ptc material increases, to lead
The resistance of entire electrode active material layers is caused to become larger, even more so that the conductive path of entire electrode active material layers is destroyed, from
And the safe effect for playing power-off, electrochemical reaction being prevented to continue.However in this improved procedure, in electrode activity material
The ptc material added in the bed of material can have a adverse impact to the chemical property of battery.
Also some researchs are that ptc layer (safety is separately provided between the collector and electrode active material layers of battery
Coating).When battery temperature increases, the resistance of ptc layer increases, so that between collector and electrode active material layers
Resistance increases, even powers off, to play the safe effect for preventing electrochemical reaction from continuing.However in this improved procedure
In, when ptc layer surface coats active material slurry, the solvent (such as NMP) in slurry can be by the PTC material in PTC layers
Material dissolution, and enter in the active material layer of upper layer, not only make PTC layers to lose PTC effect, but also electrical property can be deteriorated.In addition,
In compacting step in pole piece manufacturing process, ptc layer is easily extruded into edge, leads to electrode active material layers and afflux
Body directly contacts, to lose the effect for improving security performance.In addition, the effect of the response speed of ptc layer, blocking electric current
Etc. performances be required to greatly improve.
In view of this, it is necessory to provide it is a kind of be able to solve the above problem have improved safety and battery performance
The pole piece and battery of (such as cycle performance).
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to: a kind of pole with improved safety and electrical property (such as cycle performance) is provided
Piece and electrochemical appliance.
It is another object of the present invention to: it provides one kind has both good safety and electrical property (such as cycle performance)
Pole piece and electrochemical appliance.
The further object of the present invention is: providing a kind of electrical property (such as cyclicity with good safety, improvement
Can), the excellent performances such as workability be suitable for being mass produced and the pole piece and electrochemical appliance of application.
The present invention provides a kind of electrode plates, including collector, electrode active material layers and it is set to collector and electricity
Safety coatings between the active material layer of pole, the safety coatings include macromolecule matrix, conductive material and inorganic filler, described
Macromolecule matrix is to gather inclined fluoroolefins and/or gather inclined chloro-alkenes macromolecule matrix, wherein the total weight based on safety coatings: described
The weight percent of macromolecule matrix is more than or equal to 20wt%；The weight of the total weight of the macromolecule matrix and aqueous binders
Percentage is 35wt%-75wt%；The weight percent of the conductive material is 5wt%-25wt%；The weight of the inorganic filler
Amount percentage is 10wt%-60wt%；And the total weight based on the macromolecule matrix and aqueous binders, the aqueous bonding
The weight percent of agent is 20wt%-50wt%.
The present invention also provides a kind of electrochemical appliances comprising electrode plates of the invention, the electrochemical appliance are excellent
It is selected as capacitor, one-shot battery or secondary cell.
The present invention also provides a kind of electrode plates safety coatings, it includes: macromolecule matrixes, conductive material and inorganic
Filler, the macromolecule matrix is to gather inclined fluoroolefins and/or gather inclined chloro-alkenes macromolecule matrix, based on the total of the safety coatings
The weight percent of weight, the macromolecule matrix is more than or equal to 20wt%；The macromolecule matrix and aqueous binders it is total
The weight percent of weight is 35wt%-75wt%；The weight percent of the conductive material is 5wt%-25wt%；The nothing
The weight percent of machine filler is 10wt%-60wt%；And the total weight based on the macromolecule matrix and aqueous binders, institute
The weight percent for stating aqueous binders is 20wt%-50wt%.
Detailed description of the invention
With reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description, to electrode plates of the invention, electrochemical appliance and its advantages
It is described in detail.
Fig. 1 is according to the structural schematic diagram of the anode pole piece of the embodiment of the present invention, wherein 10-collectors；14-anodes are living
Property material layer；12-safety coatings (i.e. PTC safety coatings).
Specific embodiment
The invention discloses a kind of electrode plates, including collector, electrode active material layers and it is set to collector and electricity
Safety coatings between the active material layer of pole, the safety coatings include to gather inclined fluoroolefins and/or to gather inclined chloro-alkenes polymer-based
Body, conductive material, inorganic filler and aqueous binders.
The electrode plates can be anode pole piece, cathode pole piece, it is preferred that anode pole piece is (because anode pole piece is in electricity
Safety problem caused by the adstante febre of pond is often more prominent).When obviously, as anode pole piece, in electrode plates of the invention
Electrode active material layers are anode active material layer；And electrode activity when as cathode pole piece, in electrode plates of the invention
Material layer is anode active material layer.Fig. 1 shows the structural schematic diagram of the anode pole piece of some embodiments according to the present invention,
In 10-collectors, 14-anode active material layers, 12-safety coatings (i.e. PTC safety coatings).
Although it can be readily appreciated that being that PTC safety coatings only are arranged in the single side of positive pole collector 10 shown in Fig. 1
12 and anode active material layer 14, but in other embodiments, plus plate current-collecting body 10 can be in two-sided setting PTC safety coatings 12
With anode active material layer 14.
In the present invention, gather inclined fluoroolefins as the described of the macromolecule matrix material of safety coatings and/or gather inclined chlorine alkene
Hydrocarbon refers to Kynoar (PVDF), Vingon (PVDC), modified PVDF or modified PVDC.For example, described
Gathering inclined fluoroolefins and/or gather inclined chloro-alkenes can be total selected from PVDF, carboxyl acid modified PVDF, acrylic acid modified PVDF, PVDF
Polymers, PVDC, carboxyl acid modified PVDC, acrylic acid modified PVDC, PVDC copolymer or their any mixture.
In the coating with PTC effect being traditionally used in battery, usually using polyethylene, polypropylene or ethylene propylene
Alkene copolymer etc. is used as PTC basis material, needs that bonding is additionally added in PTC basis material and conductive material in this case
The caking property of agent, the too small then coating of binder content and collector is poor, and binder content is excessive, influences whether PTC effect
Respond the performances such as temperature and response speed.It is exactly a kind of common viscous for gathering inclined fluoroolefins and/or gathering inclined chloro-alkenes (such as PVDF)
Tie agent.As binder in use, the dosage of PVDF will be much smaller than the dosage of basis material.Such as among traditional PTC coating
PVDF binder be usually less than 15% or 10% relative to coating gross weight, it is even lower.Certain documents (such as
CN105594019A, CN06558676A) PVDF itself is also mentioned possible as the use of PTC basis material, but be mostly for reason
By upper conjecture, not using effect of the actual verification PVDF as PTC basis material.Meanwhile other document (such as
[0071] section of CN104823313A) then clearly propose that PVDF is not suitable as the use of PTC basis material.
In the present invention, the safety coatings use being set between collector and electrode active material layers gathers inclined fluoroolefins
And/or gather inclined chloro-alkenes as macromolecule matrix material, it can still play the role of PTC thermistor layer.It is applied relative to safety
Layer total weight, as macromolecule matrix material poly- inclined fluoroolefins and/or gather inclined chloro-alkenes weight percent be more than or equal to
20wt%.This dosage much higher than the poly- inclined fluoroolefins used usually as binder in prior art PTC thermistor layer and/
Or gather the dosage of inclined chloro-alkenes (such as PVDF).In addition, the total weight based on the safety coatings, the macromolecule matrix and water
Property binder total weight weight percent be 35wt%-75wt%；And it is based on the macromolecule matrix and aqueous binders
Total weight, the weight percent of the aqueous binders is 20wt%-50wt%.
In the present invention, gather inclined fluoroolefins and/or gather inclined chloro-alkenes material and actually play the role of both sides, both
As PTC matrix, and as binder, and primarily serve the effect of PTC matrix.
Secondly, PTC can be played by gathering inclined fluoroolefins and/or gathering inclined chloro-alkenes material and the safety coatings of conductive material composition
The effect of thermal resistor layer, actuation temperature range is appropriate, can be 80 DEG C to 160 DEG C, therefore can improve the height of battery well
Warm security performance.
In addition, the poly- inclined fluoroolefins of the macromolecule matrix material as safety coatings and/or gather inclined chloro-alkenes, both conducts
PTC matrix, and as binder, relatively thin safety coatings are prepared to also help, and do not influence the caking property of safety coatings.
In addition, the solvent (such as NMP) or electrolyte in the electrode active material layers in safety coatings upper layer can be to peaces
High molecular material in full coat layer generates the adverse effects such as dissolution, swelling, for the safety of the PVDF only containing consumption of binder
For coating, caking property variation is easily caused；And for the safety coatings of the application, due to gathering inclined fluoroolefins and/or gathering
The content of inclined chloro-alkenes is larger, therefore this adverse effect is negligible.
In electrode plates of the invention, the total weight based on safety coatings is described to gather inclined fluoroolefins and/or gather inclined chlorine alkene
The weight percent of hydrocarbon macromolecule matrix is and the total weight based on the safety coatings more than or equal to 20wt%, the high score
The weight percent of the total weight of subbase body and aqueous binders is 35wt%-75wt%；And based on the macromolecule matrix with
The total weight of aqueous binders, the weight percent of the aqueous binders are 20wt%-50wt%.The content of macromolecule matrix
It is too small, then it can not guarantee the PTC effect of safety coatings well；Too high levels, then the content mistake of conductive material and inorganic filler
It is small, then it also will affect the performances such as the response speed of safety coatings.It is described to gather inclined fluoroolefins and/or gather inclined chloro-alkenes macromolecule matrix
Weight percent with the total weight of aqueous binders is preferably 40wt%-75wt%, more preferably 50wt%-75wt%.
The aqueous binders are selected from CMC, polyacrylate, polycarbonate, polyethylene oxide, rubber, polyurethane, carboxylic first
Base sodium cellulosate, polyacrylic acid, acrylonitrile multiple copolymer, gelatin, chitosan, sodium alginate, coupling agent, alpha-cyanoacrylate
Ester, polymerized cyclic ethers derivative, cyclodextrin hydroxy derivatives.
In this application, safety coatings are set between collector and electrode active material layers, are applied to improve the safety
Caking property between layer and collector, aqueous binders are additionally added in safety coatings, enhance safety coatings and afflux with this
Adhesive property between body, to better ensure that safety coatings play the role of improving cell safety；On the other hand, electrode active
Property material layer organic solvent (such as NMP) be generally added during the preparation process dispersed, therefore in electrode active material layers
Solvent (such as NMP) and electrolyte are also easy to produce the adverse effects such as dissolution, swelling to the high molecular material in safety coatings, to make
It obtains safety coatings to be subject to destroy, influences the performance of PTC effect, and after aqueous binders are added in safety coatings, due to water
The swelling of property binder in the electrolytic solution is smaller, does not almost dissolve in NMP, therefore aqueous binders can play inhibition,
So that the whole swelling of coating is small, internal resistance is small, and cycle life is good, to better ensure that the performance of safety coatings.
In the present invention, the safety coatings being set between collector and electrode active material layers also include conductive material.
The conductive material can be selected from least one of conducting carbon-based material, conductive metallic material and conducting polymer materials,
Middle conducting carbon-based material in conductive black, acetylene black, graphite, graphene, carbon nanotube, carbon nano-fiber at least one
Kind；Conductive metallic material is selected from least one of Al powder, Ni powder, bronze；Conducting polymer materials are selected from conductive polythiophene, lead
At least one of voltolisation pyrroles, electrically conductive polyaniline.Conductive material, which can be used alone, one kind or to be applied in combination two or more.
The action principle of safety coatings of the invention are as follows: at normal temperature, safety coatings are by forming between conductive material
Good conductive network carries out electronics conduction；When temperature increases, the volume of macromolecule matrix material starts to expand, conductive material
Spacing increases between particle, and conductive network is partially obstructed, and the resistance of safety coatings is gradually increased；And works as and reach certain temperature
When (such as actuation temperature), conductive network is almost separated, and electric current approach is zero, to protect using the safety coatings
Electrochemical appliance.Therefore, the dosage of conductive material correctly plays a role for PTC layers critically important.In the present invention, relative to peace
The total weight of full coat layer, the weight percent of the conductive material are 5wt% to 25wt%, preferably 5wt% to 15wt%.
Conductive material uses usually in the form of powder or particle.Depending on specific application environment, partial size be can be
5nm-500nm, such as 10nm-300nm, 15nm-200nm, 15nm-100nm, 20nm-400nm, 20nm-150nm etc..
In the present invention, the safety coatings being set between collector and electrode active material layers also include inorganic filler.
It has been found that the solvent when not containing inorganic filler in safety coatings, in the electrode active material layers in safety coatings upper layer
(such as NMP) or electrolyte can generate the adverse effects such as dissolution, swelling to the high molecular material in safety coatings, so that safety applies
Layer can be destroyed, and the performance of PTC effect is influenced.Inventors have found that after being added to inorganic filler in safety coatings, this is inorganic to be filled out
Material is equivalent to a kind of barrier material, to be conducive to eliminate the adverse effects such as above-mentioned dissolution, swelling, is conducive to stablize safety painting
Layer.Guarantee in pole piece compacting process moreover, it has been found that the addition of inorganic filler also helps, safety coatings are unlikely to deform.Cause
The addition of this inorganic filler can guarantee that well safety coatings are steadily between collector and electrode active material layers, prevent
Only collector is directly contacted with electrode active material layers, so as to improve the security performance of battery.
Inventor has also been unexpectedly found that inorganic filler can also improve the performances such as the response speed of safety coatings.Peace
The action principle of full coat layer are as follows: at normal temperature, safety coatings are carried out by the good conductive network formed between conductive material
Electronics conduction；When temperature increases, the volume of macromolecule matrix material starts to expand, and spacing increases between conducting material granule, leads
Electric network is partially obstructed, and the resistance of safety coatings is gradually increased；It is conductive when reaching certain temperature (such as actuation temperature)
Network is almost separated, and electric current approach is zero.However under normal conditions, a kind of dynamic equilibrium is reached inside safety coatings
Afterwards, conductive network is partially restored again, therefore after reaching certain temperature (such as actuation temperature), the resistance of safety coatings is not
It is big that as was expected, and still has the electric current of very little to pass through.Inventors have found that after inorganic filler is added, in macromolecule matrix
After the volume expansion of material, the macromolecule matrix material of inorganic filler and volume increase can act as the effect of barrier conductive network
Fruit.Therefore after inorganic filler is added, within the scope of actuation temperature, safety coatings can preferably generate PTC effect, i.e. high temperature
Lower resistance value is increased speed faster, and PTC response speed is faster.So as to preferably improve the security performance of battery.
Total weight based on safety coatings, the weight percent of the inorganic filler are 10wt%-60wt%.Inorganic filler
Content is too small, is not enough to stablize safety coatings；Content is excessive, then will affect the PTC performance of safety coatings.The weight of inorganic filler
Percentage is preferably 15wt%-45wt%.
Inorganic filler can play the role of stable safety coatings: (1) impeded electrode active material layer in terms of following two
In solvent (such as NMP) or electrolyte in safety coatings high molecular material generate dissolution, swelling etc. adverse effects；(2)
It advantageously ensures that in pole piece compacting process, safety coatings are unlikely to deform.
The inorganic filler is selected from metal oxide, nonmetal oxide, metal carbides, non-metallic carbide, inorganic
The conductive coated modified carbon of at least one of salt or above-mentioned material, conductive metal coating modification or conducting polymer cladding change
At least one of the material of property.
For example, the inorganic filler can be selected from magnesia, aluminium oxide, titanium dioxide, zirconium oxide, silica, carbonization
Silicon, boron carbide, calcium carbonate, alumina silicate, calcium silicates, potassium titanate, barium sulfate, cobalt acid lithium, LiMn2O4, lithium nickelate, nickel ion doped, nickel
Manganese cobalt acid lithium, nickel manganese lithium aluminate, LiFePO4, phosphoric acid vanadium lithium, cobalt phosphate lithium, lithium manganese phosphate, ferric metasilicate lithium, vanadium lithium silicate, silicon
The conductive coated modified carbon of at least one of sour cobalt lithium, manganese silicate of lithium, lithium titanate or above-mentioned material, conductive metal cladding change
At least one of property or the material of conducting polymer coating modification.
Inventors have found that when safety coatings of the invention are used for anode pole piece, using positive electrochemical active material or
The conductive coated modified carbon of positive electrochemical active material, conductive metal coating modification or conducting polymer coating modification material
There is special advantage as inorganic filler.In this case, work of the inorganic filler in addition to stable safety coatings above-mentioned
With (hinder organic solvent to generate the adverse effects such as dissolution, swelling to high molecular material and guarantee that safety coatings are unlikely to deform) and change
Outside the performances such as the response speed of kind safety coatings, further, following both sides effect can also be played: (1) improving battery
Over-charging: gathering inclined fluoroolefins and/or gather inclined chloro-alkenes macromolecule matrix, conductive material composition PTC safety coatings body
In system, since electrochemical active material has the characteristics that embedding lithium ionic insertion/deinsertion, at a temperature of normal battery operation, electrochemistry is living
Property material can be used as participate in conductive network " active point ", i.e., " active point " in safety coatings increases, and is overcharging process
In, electrochemical active material can take off lithium and de- lithium difficulty is increasing, and impedance is continuously increased, therefore when an electric current passes through it, heat production
Power increases, and priming coat temperature is increased speed faster, so that PTC effect response speed is faster, and then can be generated in battery
PTC effect is generated before filling safety problem, improve battery overcharges safety；(2) charge/discharge capacity is contributed: due to electro-chemical activity
Material can contribute certain charge/discharge capacity at a temperature of normal battery operation, therefore may make and pacify under normal working temperature
Influence of the full coat layer to chemical properties such as the capacity of battery minimizes.
Be suitable for this purposes particularly preferred positive electrochemical active material be selected from cobalt acid lithium, nickel manganese cobalt acid lithium,
Nickel manganese lithium aluminate, LiFePO4, phosphoric acid vanadium lithium, cobalt phosphate lithium, lithium manganese phosphate, ferric metasilicate lithium, vanadium lithium silicate, cobaltous silicate lithium, silicon
At least one of sour manganese lithium, lithium manganate having spinel structure, spinel-type nickel ion doped, lithium titanate.Especially through conductive carbon coating
These modified electrochemical active materials, such as the cobalt acid lithium of conductive coated modified carbon, the nickel manganese cobalt of conductive coated modified carbon are sour
Lithium, the nickel manganese lithium aluminate of conductive coated modified carbon, the LiFePO4 of conductive coated modified carbon, conductive coated modified carbon vanadium phosphate
Lithium, the cobalt phosphate lithium of conductive coated modified carbon, the lithium manganese phosphate of conductive coated modified carbon, conductive coated modified carbon ferrosilite
Lithium, the vanadium lithium silicate of conductive coated modified carbon, the cobaltous silicate lithium of conductive coated modified carbon, conductive coated modified carbon manganous silicate
Lithium, the lithium manganate having spinel structure of conductive coated modified carbon, the spinel-type nickel ion doped of conductive coated modified carbon, conductive carbon coating
At least one of modified lithium titanate.The electrochemical active material of these electrochemical active materials and conductive coated modified carbon is
Common used material in lithium battery manufacture, largely can directly buy acquisition by commercial sources.Wherein the type of conductive carbon can be with
Using graphite, graphene, conductive black, carbon nanotube etc..In addition, adjustable inorganic by the coating content for adjusting conductive carbon
The conductivity of filler.
Other than the macromolecule matrix, conductive material, inorganic filler and outside aqueous binders, safety that the present invention uses
Coating can also include other materials or component.
In some embodiments, safety coatings of the invention can substantially by the macromolecule matrix, conductive material,
Inorganic filler and aqueous binders composition, i.e., without significant quantity (such as content≤3% ,≤1% or≤0.5%) other groups
Point.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that: in safety coatings in above-mentioned different embodiments of the invention
Component selection, the various restrictions of constituent content and material physicochemical property parameter or preferred scope can in any combination, a combination thereof and
Obtained various embodiments still within the scope of the present invention, and are considered as a part of this disclosure content.
In the present invention, the coating thickness of the safety coatings be no more than 40 μm, preferably be not more than 25 μm, it is more excellent
Choosing is no more than 20 μm, 15 μm or 10 μm.The coating thickness of safety coatings be more than or equal to 1 μm, be preferably greater than or
Equal to 2 μm, more preferably greater than or equal to 3 μm.Thickness is too small, is not sufficient to ensure that safety coatings improve the effect of battery safety
Fruit；It is excessive, it will cause the internal resistance of cell and increase seriously, thus chemical property when influencing normal battery operation.
In electrode plates of the invention, safety coatings are coated on electrode current collecting body.For collector, can be used
The sheet metals such as material commonly used in the art, such as stainless steel, aluminium, copper, titanium or metal foil.
In electrode plates of the invention, electrode active material layers are provided with outside safety coatings.For anode pole piece, make
Use anode active material layer；For cathode, anode active material layer is used.
For the anode active material layer in the present invention can select it is well known in the art be suitable for lithium battery use it is various
Anode active material layer, is constituted and preparation method is well known in the art.It is living containing anode in the anode active material layer
Property substance, can be used that well known to a person skilled in the art the various positive electrode active materials for being used to prepare lithium ion secondary battery positive electrode
Matter, such as the positive active material are lithium-contained composite metal oxide, and specific material is, for example, LiCoO2、LiNiO2、LiMn2O4、
LiFePO4, one or more of lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (such as LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2One of) and Li, Ni, Mn oxide
Or it is several.
When using nothing of the positive electrochemical active material (or its coating modification material) as the safety coatings of anode pole piece
When machine filler, the positive electrochemical active material in safety coatings and the positive-active used in anode active material layer
Substance can be the same or different.
For the anode active material layer in the present invention can select it is well known in the art be suitable for lithium battery use it is various
Anode active material layer, is constituted and preparation method is well known in the art.It is living containing cathode in the anode active material layer
Property substance, can be used that well known to a person skilled in the art the various negative electrode active materials for being used to prepare lithium ion secondary battery negative pole
The carbonaceous material of matter, for example, graphite (artificial graphite or natural graphite), conductive black, carbon fiber etc., such as Si, Sn,
The metals such as Ge, Bi, Sn, In or semi-metallic or its alloy, nitride containing lithium or lithium-containing oxides, lithium metal or lithium-aluminium alloy
Deng.
Disclosed herein as well is a kind of electrochemical appliance, which contains electrode plates according to the present invention.
The electrochemical appliance can be capacitor, one-shot battery or secondary cell.It such as can be lithium-ion capacitor, lithium ion one
Primary cell or lithium ion secondary battery.Other than having used electrode plates of the invention (anode pole piece and/or cathode pole piece), this
The construction and preparation method itself of a little electrochemical appliances are well known.Due to having used electrode plates of the invention, the electrification
Learning device can have improved safety and electrical property (such as cycle performance).And electrode plates of the invention are easily worked,
Therefore the manufacturing cost for having used the electrochemical appliance of electrode plates of the invention can be reduced.
Embodiment
In order to be more clear goal of the invention of the invention, technical solution and advantageous effects, with reference to embodiments
The present invention is described in further detail.However, it should be understood that the embodiment of the present invention is of the invention just for the sake of explaining, and
It is non-in order to limit the present invention, and the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the embodiment provided in specification.It is not infused in embodiment
Bright experiment condition uses normal condition, or the condition recommended using material supplier or equipment supplier.
1, preparation method
The preparation of 1.1 safety coatings
Using macromolecule matrix material, conductive material, inorganic filler and other the necessary additives or auxiliary agent centainly matched,
With n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) for solvent (in the case where having used aqueous binders, then replacing NMP with water), stirring
It is coated on collector (plus plate current-collecting body aluminium foil or negative current collector copper foil) after uniformly, PTC layers are obtained after drying, and (i.e. safety applies
Layer).
The main material used in the safety coatings of each specific embodiment is as follows:
Macromolecule matrix material: PVDF, PVDC；
Conductive material (conductive agent): Super-P (TIMCAL company, Switzerland, abbreviation SP)；
Inorganic filler: LiFePO4 (abbreviation LFP), aluminium oxide；
Aqueous binders: LA133 lithium battery special-purpose aqueous binder, gathers polyacrylic acid (being provided by Sigma Aldrich)
Acrylate (is provided) by Sigma Aldrich.
Material used above is that Lithium Battery Industry field is common and common used material, can be passed through by corresponding supplier
Commercial sources readily obtain.
1.2 the preparation of anode pole piece and cathode pole piece with safety coatings
Anode pole piece: 90wt% ternary material NCM811 (LiNi is used0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2), 5wt%SP and 5wt%
PVDF is coated on the safety according to plus plate current-collecting body aluminium foil surface prepared by above-mentioned 1.1 using NMP as solvent after mixing evenly
On coating, layer as a positive electrode active material；It is cold-pressed after being dried at 85 DEG C, then trimming, cut-parts, slitting, then at 85 DEG C
It is dried 4 hours under vacuum condition, soldering polar ear, the anode of secondary battery pole piece (i.e. cathode sheet) met the requirements is made.
Cathode pole piece: in mass ratio by active material graphite, conductive agent Super-P, thickener CMC, bonding agent SBR
Anode slurry is made 96.5:1.0:1.0:1.5 being added to and being uniformly mixed in solvent deionized water；By anode slurry be coated on according to
It in the safety coatings of negative current collector copper foil surface prepared by above-mentioned 1.1, and is dried at 85 DEG C, then carries out trimming, cuts out
Piece, slitting, then dried 4 hours under 110 DEG C of vacuum conditions, the secondary battery negative pole pole piece met the requirements is made in soldering polar ear
(i.e. anode pole piece).
The preparation of 1.3 conventional cathode pole pieces and conventional anode pole piece
Conventional cathode pole piece: it is identical as the preparation method of 1.2 steps, in addition to plus plate current-collecting body aluminium foil surface is applied without safety
Layer.
Conventional anode pole piece: it is identical as the preparation method of 1.2 steps, in addition to negative current collector copper clad aluminum surface is without safety
Coating.
The preparation of 1.4 electrolyte
Ethylene carbonate (EC), methyl ethyl carbonate (EMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC) are mixed according to 3: 5: 2 volume ratios
EC/EMC/DEC mixed solvent is closed to obtain, then being dissolved in the mixed solvent to obtain concentration by sufficiently dry lithium salts LiPF6 is 1M's
Solution is to get electrolyte.
The preparation of 1.5 batteries
Using 12 μm of polypropylene film as isolation film, anode pole piece, isolation film and cathode pole piece are folded in order, made
Isolation film, which is among anode pole piece and cathode pole piece, plays the role of isolation, is then wound into naked battery core.The vacuum at 75 DEG C
10h is toasted, (according to " preparations of 1.4 electrolyte " described preparation above) electrolyte is injected, by Vacuum Package, is stood for 24 hours,
0.05C is then dropped to 4.2V constant-voltage charge to electric current to 4.2V with the constant current charging of 0.1C later, then with 0.1C's
Constant current is discharged to 3.0V, is repeated 2 times charge and discharge, finally with the constant current charging of 0.1C to 3.8V, that is, completes secondary electricity
The preparation in pond.
2, the performance test of battery
Using GBT31485-2015 " power accumulator safety requirements for electric vehicle and test method " to each embodiment and
The safety of the secondary cell of comparative example is assessed, and records test result.
2.1 lancing tests:
Secondary cell is completely charged to charge cutoff voltage with 1C electric current, then constant-voltage charge to electric current is down to 0.05C, stops filling
Electricity.WithHigh temperature resistant steel needle (cone angle of needle point be 45 °), with the speed of 25mm/s, from perpendicular to battery
The direction of pole plate is run through, and through position preferably close to the geometric center in pierced face, steel needle is stopped in the battery, and whether observation battery has
Burning, explosion phenomenon.
2.2 overcharge test:
Secondary cell is completely charged to charge cutoff voltage with 1C electric current, then constant-voltage charge to electric current is down to 0.05C, stops filling
Electricity.Then, stop charging with 1.5 times of 1C electric current constant current to end of charge voltage or after charging 1h.
The test of 2.3 cycle performances:
Cycle-index test condition are as follows: at 25 DEG C, secondary cell is subjected to 1C/1C loop test, charging/discharging voltage model
Enclose 2.8~4.2V, capacity attenuation to first discharge specific capacity 80% when stop test.
The test of 2.4PTC effect
Secondary cell is completely charged to charge cutoff voltage with 1C electric current, then constant-voltage charge to electric current is down to 0.05C, stops filling
Electricity is tested battery core D.C. resistance (4C current discharge 10s).Then battery core is placed in constant temperature 1h at 130 DEG C, tests direct current
Resistance calculates D.C. resistance growth rate；Then battery core is placed in constant temperature 2h at 130 DEG C, tests D.C. resistance, calculate D.C. resistance
Growth rate.
3, the performance test results
The protection effect (PTC effect) of 3.1 safety coatings and the influence to battery performance
In order to verify protection effect of the invention, with specific material and dosage listed in following table 1-1, according to " 1,
Method and steps described in preparation method " prepares corresponding safety coatings, anode pole piece, cathode pole piece and battery, then
It is tested according to the performance test of battery " 2, " part prescriptive procedure.In order to guarantee that data are accurate, every kind of battery prepares 4
(battery for lancing test prepares 10) and independent test, final testing result are averaged, shown in table 1-2 and table 1-3.
Wherein, conventional pole piece P and routine pole piece N are according to " preparations of 1.3 conventional cathode pole pieces and conventional anode pole piece " institute
State method preparation；Other pole pieces according to " 1.2 with safety coatings anode pole pieces and cathode pole piece preparations " the method with
In table prepared by the safety coatings material composition of defined.
Table 1-1: pole piece composition
Table 1-2: the performance test results of lithium ion battery
| Battery No. | Anode pole piece | Cathode pole piece | Lancing test |
| Battery 1 | Conventional pole piece P | Conventional pole piece N | 10 wholes do not pass through |
| Battery 2 | Compare pole piece CP | Conventional pole piece N | 2 pass through, and 8 do not pass through |
| Battery 3 | Pole piece 1 | Conventional pole piece N | 10 wholes pass through |
| Battery 4 | Pole piece 2 | Conventional pole piece N | 10 wholes pass through |
| Battery 5 | Conventional pole piece P | Pole piece 3 | 10 wholes pass through |
Table 1-3: the performance test results of lithium ion battery
Table 1-1, table 1-2 and table 1-3's statistics indicate that: electrode plates of the invention can substantially improve battery needle thorn peace
Full performance, and the addition of inorganic filler can be readily apparent that improve the D.C. resistance growth rate of battery under high temperature, so as to improve
The percent of pass of battery safety of acupuncture performance test.
The influence of constituent content in 3.2 safety coatings
For the influence of constituent content in further research safety coating, with specific material listed in following table 2-1
And dosage, corresponding safety coatings, anode pole piece, cathode pole are prepared according to method and steps described in " 1, preparation method "
Then piece and battery are tested according to the performance test of battery " 2, " part prescriptive procedure.In order to guarantee that data are accurate, every kind
Battery prepares 4 (battery for lancing test prepares 10) and independent test, final testing result are averaged, are summarized in
Table 2-2.
Table 2-1: pole piece composition
Table 2-2: the performance test results of lithium ion battery
| Battery | Anode | Cathode | Lancing test | Cycle life (cycle) |
| Battery 6 | Compare pole piece 2-1 | Conventional pole piece N | 5 do not pass through, and 5 pass through | 2502 |
| Battery 7 | Pole piece 2-2 | Conventional pole piece N | 10 wholes pass through | 2351 |
| Battery 8 | Pole piece 2-3 | Conventional pole piece N | 10 wholes pass through | 2205 |
| Battery 9 | Pole piece 2-4 | Conventional pole piece N | 10 wholes pass through | 2251 |
| Battery 10 | Pole piece 2-5 | Conventional pole piece N | 10 wholes pass through | 2000 |
| Battery 11 | Pole piece 2-6 | Conventional pole piece N | 10 wholes pass through | 2408 |
| Battery 12 | Pole piece 2-7 | Conventional pole piece N | 10 wholes pass through | 2707 |
| Battery 13 | Pole piece 2-8 | Conventional pole piece N | 10 wholes pass through | 2355 |
| Battery 14 | Pole piece 2-9 | Conventional pole piece N | 10 wholes pass through | 1800 |
| Battery 15 | Compare pole piece 2-10 | Conventional pole piece N | 4 do not pass through, and 6 pass through | 1715 |
Table 2-1 and table 2-2's statistics indicate that: (1) inorganic filler content is too low, then the PTC effect of safety coatings can not hundred
Hundred ground are divided to be played, therefore the security performance of battery cannot be fully improved；Inorganic filler content is excessively high, then polymer-based
Body content can be too low, then also not can guarantee safety coatings and normally play PTC effect；(2) internal resistance, polarization of the conductive material to battery
Be affected, therefore will affect the cycle life of battery, conductive material content is higher, then the internal resistance, polarization of battery are smaller, then
Cycle life is better.
The data of the above table 1-1 and table 2-2 demonstrate the effective of the macromolecule matrix material using PVDF as safety coatings
Property and feasibility.
Influence of the presence of aqueous binders to battery performance in 3.3 safety coatings
For influence of the presence to pole piece and battery performance of aqueous binders in further research safety coating, with following
Listed specific material and dosage, are prepared accordingly according to method and steps described in " 1, preparation method " in table table 3-1
Safety coatings, anode pole piece, cathode pole piece and battery, then carried out according to the performance test of battery " 2, " part prescriptive procedure
Test.In order to guarantee that data are accurate, every kind of battery prepares 4 (battery for lancing test prepares 10) and independent test,
Final testing result is averaged,
It is summarized in table 3-2.
Table 3-1: pole piece composition
1: weight ratio is the percentage of the total weight relative to macromolecule matrix and aqueous binders
2: weight ratio is hundred relative to macromolecule matrix, aqueous binders, conductive material and the total weight of inorganic filler
Divide ratio
Table 3-2: the performance test results of lithium ion battery
| Battery | Anode | Cathode | Lancing test | Cycle life (cycle) |
| Battery 16 | Compare pole piece 2-11 | Conventional pole piece N | 10 wholes pass through | 2200 |
| Battery 17 | Pole piece 2-12 | Conventional pole piece N | 10 wholes pass through | 2300 |
| Battery 18 | Pole piece 2-13 | Conventional pole piece N | 10 wholes pass through | 2500 |
| Battery 19 | Pole piece 2-14 | Conventional pole piece N | 10 wholes pass through | 2700 |
| Battery 20 | Pole piece 2-15 | Conventional pole piece N | 10 wholes pass through | 3000 |
| Battery 21 | Compare pole piece 2-16 | Conventional pole piece N | 2 pass through, and 8 do not pass through | 3170 |
Table 3-1 and table 3-2's statistics indicate that, the addition of aqueous binders can improve the cycle life of battery.But if
The too high levels of aqueous binders, then the content of macromolecule matrix opposite can become smaller, so that will affect PTC safety coatings improves electricity
The effect of pond safety.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that: it is only above the application for being illustrated safety coatings of the invention with lithium battery
Example, but safety coatings of the invention can be applied equally to other types of battery or electrochemical appliance, and still can be with
Obtain good technique effect of the invention.It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that: it is of the invention in battery or electrochemical appliance
Safety coatings can be used for anode pole piece, cathode pole piece or simultaneously for anode pole piece and cathode pole piece, can play effective
Protective action.
According to the disclosure and teachings of the above specification, those skilled in the art in the invention can also be to above-mentioned embodiment party
Formula carries out change and modification appropriate.Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and described above, to this
Some modifications and changes of invention should also be as falling into the scope of the claims of the present invention.In addition, although this specification
In use some specific terms, these terms are merely for convenience of description, does not limit the present invention in any way.
Claims (12)
1. a kind of electrode plates, including collector, electrode active material layers and be set to collector and electrode active material layers it
Between safety coatings, the safety coatings include macromolecule matrix, conductive material, inorganic filler and aqueous binders, the height
Molecular matrix is to gather inclined fluoroolefins and/or gather inclined chloro-alkenes macromolecule matrix, based on the total weight of the safety coatings,
The weight percent of the macromolecule matrix is more than or equal to 20wt%；
The weight percent of the total weight of the macromolecule matrix and aqueous binders is 35wt%-75wt%；
The weight percent of the conductive material is 5wt%-25wt%；
The weight percent of the inorganic filler is 10wt%-60wt%；
And the total weight based on the macromolecule matrix and aqueous binders, the weight percent of the aqueous binders are
20wt%-50wt%.
2. electrode plates according to claim 1, the macromolecule matrix is selected from Kynoar (PVDF), carboxyl acid modified
PVDF, acrylic acid modified PVDF, Vingon (PVDC), carboxyl acid modified PVDC, acrylic acid modified PVDC, PVDF
At least one of copolymer, PVDC copolymer.
3. electrode plates according to claim 1, the conductive material be selected from conducting carbon-based material, conductive metallic material and
At least one of conducting polymer materials,
Wherein conducting carbon-based material in conductive black, acetylene black, graphite, graphene, carbon nanotube, carbon nano-fiber extremely
Few one kind；
Conductive metallic material is selected from least one of Al powder, Ni powder, bronze；
Conducting polymer materials are selected from least one of conductive polythiophene, electric polypyrrole, electrically conductive polyaniline.
4. electrode plates according to claim 1, the inorganic filler is selected from metal oxide, nonmetal oxide, gold
Belong to conductive coated modified carbon, the conductive metal of at least one of carbide, non-metallic carbide, inorganic salts or above-mentioned material
At least one of coating modification or the material of conducting polymer coating modification.
5. electrode plates according to claim 4, the inorganic filler is selected from magnesia, aluminium oxide, titanium dioxide, oxidation
Zirconium, silica, silicon carbide, boron carbide, calcium carbonate, alumina silicate, calcium silicates, potassium titanate, barium sulfate, cobalt acid lithium, LiMn2O4, nickel
Sour lithium, nickel ion doped, nickel manganese cobalt acid lithium, nickel manganese lithium aluminate, LiFePO4, phosphoric acid vanadium lithium, cobalt phosphate lithium, lithium manganese phosphate, silicic acid
The conductive carbon coating of at least one of iron lithium, vanadium lithium silicate, cobaltous silicate lithium, manganese silicate of lithium, lithium titanate or above-mentioned material changes
At least one of property, conductive metal coating modification or material of conducting polymer coating modification.
6. according to electrode plates as described in any one in claim 1-5, the aqueous binders be selected from CMC, polyacrylate,
It is polycarbonate, polyethylene oxide, rubber, polyurethane, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, polyacrylic acid, acrylonitrile multiple copolymer, bright
Glue, chitosan, sodium alginate, coupling agent, cyanoacrylate, polymerized cyclic ethers derivative, cyclodextrin hydroxy derivatives.
7. electrode plates according to claim 1-6, the thickness H of the safety coatings is 1 μm≤H≤20 μm,
Preferably 3 μm≤H≤10 μm.
8. electrode plates according to claim 1-7, wherein the macromolecule matrix and aqueous binders is total
The weight percent of weight is 50wt%-75wt%, and the weight percent of the conductive material is 5wt%-15wt%, the nothing
The weight percent of machine filler is 15wt%-45wt%.
9. electrode plates according to claim 1-8, the pole piece is anode pole piece.
10. a kind of electrochemical appliance, including anode pole piece and cathode pole piece, wherein anode pole piece and/or cathode pole piece are right
It is required that 1 to 8 described in any item electrode plates, the electrochemical appliance is capacitor, one-shot battery or secondary cell.
11. a kind of electrode plates safety coatings, the safety coatings include macromolecule matrix, conductive material, inorganic filler and
Aqueous binders, the macromolecule matrix are to gather inclined fluoroolefins and/or gather inclined chloro-alkenes macromolecule matrix, are applied based on the safety
The total weight of layer,
The weight percent of the macromolecule matrix is more than or equal to 20wt%；
The weight percent of the total weight of the macromolecule matrix and aqueous binders is 35wt%-75wt%；
The weight percent of the conductive material is 5wt%-25wt%；
The weight percent of the inorganic filler is 10wt%-60wt%；
And the total weight based on the macromolecule matrix and aqueous binders, the weight percent of the aqueous binders are
20wt%-50wt%.
12. electrode plates safety coatings according to claim 11, wherein the macromolecule matrix and aqueous binders
The weight percent of total weight be 50wt%-75wt%, the weight percent of the conductive material is 5wt%-15wt%, institute
The weight percent for stating inorganic filler is 15wt%-45wt%.
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