A kind of compound soft catalytic combustion system
Technical field
It is specifically a kind of by stagewise catalysis burning and rear catalysis combustion the present invention relates to a kind of device of energy technology field
Sintering is closed, and the soft burner of compound catalysis of gas turbine high-performance and low emission characteristic is combined.
Background technique
Gas turbine obtains increasingly wide as a kind of important heat-function conversion equipment in fields such as ship, power generation and chemical industry
General application has irreplaceable role and status in national economy and national defense construction.Gas turbine cycle efficiency mentions
Height relies primarily on the increase of combustor exhaust temperature, and paradoxically NO in combustion chamber therewithXDischarge also will be with exhaust
The raising of temperature and increase, while the working environment of heavy duty gas turbine combustion chamber is very severe, has that thermic load is big, high temperature is high
How the features such as fast, high excess air coefficient and flow field are complicated, therefore, guarantee to improve on the basis of the high burning efficiency of combustion chamber
The key technology of gas turbine performance is not only the difficult point for needing to break through both at home and abroad, while also making combustion chamber in gas turbine field
Successful application is faced with problems and challenge.
NO is reduced using catalytic combustion technology in a combustion chamberXDischarge be to be existed by William Pfefferle earliest
It proposes within 1975, the states such as the subsequent U.S. and Japan, which have all actively developed, can be applied to different scale ground gas turbine combustion chamber
Catalysis technique research.Catalyst operating temperature was higher than combustor exit fuel gas temperature at that time, thus caused catalyst
Inactivation and burnout problems, limit the development of catalytic combustor.The nineties proposes catalysis combustion using the concept of fractional combustion room
The design combined with premixed combustion is burnt, reduces catalyst operating temperature, it is therefore prevented that the high temperature deactivation and aging of catalyst.Really
Fixed reasonable catalysis/rear catalysis-premixed combustion cell structure, and carry out relevant normal pressure, high pressure prototype and component experiment and survey
Examination is always that various countries carry out catalysis-premix fractional combustion room research method.The Toshiba company of Japan and Tokyo electric power
Company proposes a kind of concept of catalysis-premix fractional combustion room, and the full size for having carried out 1300 DEG C of grade combustion chambers jointly is normal
Compacting is tested and the small scale High-Voltage Experimentation of catalyst.The advanced turbine system plan of U.S. Department of Energy is proposed using catalysis burning drop
The plan of low emission, and experiment and theoretical research are implemented respectively in Solar and Siemens-Westinghouse Electric.Currently, catalysis-
The feasibility of premix fractional combustion room concept has been approved that low emission characteristic has also attracted people by various countries' experimental study
Attention.
The research country of catalysis burning is carried out for many years, the emphasis of research has focused largely on catalyst, catalytic channels
In terms of the influence of characteristic and operating parameter to catalysis response characteristic.It is catalyzed research main body of the burn application in gas turbine field
Now using the research of the catalysis burning miniature gas turbine technology of low calorie fuels.
Chinese patent CN103912896A discloses a kind of aero-engine catalysis-premix point of contaminant reducing discharge
Grade combustion chamber and operation method.The combustion chamber is along engine shaft to the ring structure of arrangement, it include pre-burning, premix, catalysis,
Secondary combustion and homogeneous reaction area.Using diffusion combustion method in preignition zone reacts part of fuel and air, premixes
There are fuel nozzle and air nozzle to mix well with air fuel in area, realizes fuel-rich fuel and and pre-burning in pre-mix zone outlet
The high temperature refrigerant in area carries out the temperature that mixing improves flammable mixture, and pre-mix zone outlet mixes in catalysis and secondary conbustion zone
High temperature flammable mixture enter reaction zone and carry out reaction and further increase Temperature of Working, catalysis and secondary conbustion zone tail gas contain
A large amount of combustible components make its with after the secondary airflow mixing sprayed by air nozzle homogeneous reaction area further react with
Improve Temperature of Working.
Chinese patent CN103912896A and the patent of application have essence different, be first application not with the former to navigate
Empty engine, the latter are gas turbine;The fuel followed by used is different, the former is fuel oil, and the latter is combustion gas;Followed by method
Upper difference, the former is that the flammable mixture mixed enters catalytic combustion zone, secondary conbustion zone, homogeneous reaction area, and the latter is to add
Enter primary fuel and enter catalytic combustion zone completely burned, temperature is controlled at 1000 DEG C and is being contrary hereinafter, secondary fuel is added
Answer area's completely burned.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art and provide it is a kind of will catalysis burning and
Catalysis burning (gas phase reaction) combines afterwards, and the compound catalysis for combining gas turbine high-performance and low emission characteristic is soft
Burner.
The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of compound soft catalytic combustion system, using the mode of hierarchical concept, by pre-mix zone, catalytic combustion zone and gas
The region composition of phase combustion zone three realizes the high-efficiency cleaning burning of fuel in a combustion chamber.Can reduce in combustion product NOx and
Hydrocarbons content, efficiency of combustion with higher, reduces pollutant load;It is effective using non-flaming combustion process simultaneously
Reduce or eliminate the thermal acoustic oscillation phenomenon in combustion chamber.
The pre-mix zone include premixer, the starting fluid pipeline for being connected to premixer's import and setting the pipeline with
The initial igniter of premixer junction, the main fuel line for being connected to premixer rear portion,
The rear end of pre-mix zone is arranged in the catalytic combustion zone, and including the catalytic combustor with premixer's connection, this is urged
Change in combustion chamber the secondary fuel pipeline for being equipped with cordierite honeycomb catalytic reactor, being connected to catalytic combustor,
The rear end of catalytic combustion zone is arranged in the gas-phase combustion area, including the homogeneous combustion with catalytic combustor connection
Room.
Premixer, catalytic combustor and the homogeneous combustion room is arranged in the inner casing of burner.
Shell is also arranged with outside the inner casing.
Air inlet runner is equipped between the inner casing and shell, which is connected with premixer.
The entrance of the air inlet runner is connected with compressor interface.
The catalyst loadings of the cordierite honeycomb catalytic reactor are 1765.7g/m3, voidage be
75.7%, channel wall thickness 0.1651mm.
The rear end of the homogeneous combustion room is connect by turbine interface with turbine.
The temperature range that catalytic combustor of the invention can carry out catalysis reaction is 450 DEG C~1000 DEG C, rear catalysis/gas phase
The air temperature ranges that reaction zone enters turbine are 1000~1550 DEG C.
In the use of the present invention, inlet air flow of the compressor air between fractional combustion chamber enclosure and inner casing in startup stage
Road passes through hole and enters premixer.Starting fluid pipeline is opened simultaneously, and the fuel and air for flowing into premixer are in initial igniter
Effect is lower to burn, and heats to fractional combustion room, initiation temperature needed for making the temperature of catalytic combustor reach reaction.
Catalytic combustor and homogeneous combustion room simultaneously can preheat the air in air inlet runner.Subsequent start-up fuel conduit closes
It closes, main fuel line is opened, into stablizing combustion phases.After main fuel line is opened, fuel from fuel inlet and pre-
The working medium of mixed room is mixed into the catalytic combustor of fractional combustion room, and catalysis combustion is carried out in cordierite honeycomb catalytic reactor
Burn reaction.In catalyticing combustion process, the catalyst degradation activation energy of methane and oxygen, while catalyst surface fine-porous
Medium has suction-operated, so that reactant molecule is enriched in surface and improves reaction rate, accelerates the progress of reaction.By urging
Agent can make methane under the conditions of compared with low light-off temperature, flameless combustion occur, and oxygenolysis is CO2And H2O, while releasing big
Calorimetric energy.The methane of not completely burned still remaining in catalytic combustor, into homogeneous combustion room completely burned.It is fired by catalysis
Burning a large amount of thermal energy generated increases gas temperature quickly, and the methane of secondary fuel pipeline enters homogeneous combustion room along pipeline and occurs
High-temperature oxydation reaction, and then completely burned.The high temperature and high pressure gas generated by fractional combustion room is entered saturating by turbine interface
It is flat, push turbine acting.
Compared with prior art, the present invention uses the mode of hierarchical concept, proposes a kind of by catalysis burning and rear catalysis combustion
It burns (gas phase reaction) to combine, combines the soft burning dress of compound catalysis of gas turbine high-performance and low emission characteristic
It sets.Utilize three regions of the advanced gas turbine Multilevel combustion room: pre-mix zone, catalytic combustion zone, gas-phase combustion area (urge afterwards
Change combustion zone), realize the high-efficiency cleaning burning of fuel in a combustion chamber.It can reduce NOx and hydrocarbon in combustion product
Content, efficiency of combustion with higher, reduces pollutant load;It effectively reduces or eliminates using non-flaming combustion process simultaneously
Thermal acoustic oscillation phenomenon in combustion chamber.
Major catalytic burning in combustion zone of the invention and rear catalysis are burnt (gas phase reaction), the two areas are no flame combustion
It burns, without localized hyperthermia, therefore in combustion product, NOx is very low, and thermoacoustic reforming phenomena is seldom.Simultaneously combustion even and temperature compared with
Height, therefore burn completely, hydrocarbons content is almost without high combustion efficiency.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural diagram of the present invention.
In figure, 1- starting fluid pipeline, 2- initial igniter, 3- shell, 4- inner casing, the premixer 5-, 6- main fuel line,
7- secondary fuel pipeline, 8- catalytic combustor, 9- homogeneous combustion room, 10- air inlet runner, 11- compressor interface, 12- turbine connect
Mouthful.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail combined with specific embodiments below.Following embodiment will be helpful to the technology of this field
Personnel further understand the present invention, but the invention is not limited in any way.It should be pointed out that the ordinary skill of this field
For personnel, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, various modifications and improvements can be made.These belong to the present invention
Protection scope.
Embodiment
A kind of compound soft catalytic combustion system, structure is as shown in Figure 1, the advanced gas turbine in the present embodiment divides
Grade formula combustion chamber is made of pre-mix zone, catalytic combustion zone, gas-phase combustion area (rear catalytic combustion zone) three regions, comprising: starting
Fuel conduit 1, initial igniter 2, shell 3, inner casing 4, premixer 5, main fuel line 6, secondary fuel pipeline 7, catalysis burning
Room 8, homogeneous combustion room 9, air inlet runner 10, compressor interface 11, turbine interface 12.Wherein compressor interface 11 and air inlet runner
10 are connected, and air inlet runner 10 is connected between combustor outer casing 3 and inner casing 4, and with premixer 5, starting fluid pipeline 1 and master
Fuel conduit 6 is connected with premixer 5 respectively, and catalytic combustor 8 is mainly made of cordierite honeycomb catalytic reactor, secondary combustion
The temperature of fuel is improved by carrying out heat exchange with catalytic combustor 8 in expects pipe road 7, and is connected with homogeneous combustion room 9, homogeneous combustion room
9 are connected by turbine interface 12 with turbine.
The fuel that apparatus of the present invention use is methane, and the temperature range that catalytic combustor can carry out catalysis reaction is 450 DEG C
~1000 DEG C, the air temperature ranges that rear catalysis/gas phase reaction area enters turbine are 1000~1550 DEG C.
Air inlet runner 10 of the compressor air between fractional combustion chamber enclosure 3 and inner casing 4 passes through hole in startup stage
Into premixer 5.Starting fluid pipeline 1 is opened simultaneously, and the fuel and air for flowing into premixer 5 are under the effect of initial igniter 2
It burns, fractional combustion room is heated, initiation temperature needed for making the temperature of catalytic combustor 8 reach reaction.Catalysis
Combustion chamber 8 and homogeneous combustion room 9 simultaneously can preheat the air in air inlet runner 10.Subsequent start-up fuel conduit 1 closes
It closes, main fuel line 6 is opened, into stablizing combustion phases.After main fuel line 6 is opened, fuel from fuel inlet with
The working medium of premixer 5 is mixed into the catalytic combustor 8 of fractional combustion room, is urged in cordierite honeycomb catalytic reactor
Change combustion reaction, the catalyst loadings of the cordierite honeycomb catalytic reactor used are 1765.7g/m3, voidage be
75.7%, channel wall thickness 0.1651mm.In catalyticing combustion process, the catalyst degradation activation energy of methane and oxygen, together
When catalyst surface fine-porous medium have suction-operated, so that reactant molecule is enriched in surface and improve reaction rate, add
The fast progress of reaction.It can make methane under the conditions of compared with low light-off temperature by catalyst, flameless combustion, and oxygenolysis occurs
For CO2And H2O, while releasing a large amount of thermal energy.The methane of not completely burned still remaining in catalytic combustor 8, into homogeneous combustion
9 completely burned of room.Increase gas temperature quickly by a large amount of thermal energy that catalysis burning generates, the methane of secondary fuel pipeline 7
Enter homogeneous combustion room 9 along pipeline and high-temperature oxydation reaction, and then completely burned occurs.The high temperature generated by fractional combustion room is high
Body of calming the anger enters turbine by turbine interface 12, pushes turbine acting.
The present embodiment can be used as heavy, medium-sized and miniature gas turbine catalytic combustor.Present apparatus reliable performance, burning
High-efficient, pollution products are few, and combustion uniformity is good, and the thermal acoustic oscillation that can be effectively reduced or eliminate in gas-turbine combustion chamber is existing
As different model gas turbine high-performance and low emission characteristic can be taken into account.
Specific embodiments of the present invention are described above.It is to be appreciated that the invention is not limited to above-mentioned
Particular implementation, those skilled in the art can make various deformations or amendments within the scope of the claims, this not shadow
Ring substantive content of the invention.