CN109751069B - 一种变形吸能锚环和防止锚杆断裂弹射的锚杆支护装置及方法 - Google Patents
一种变形吸能锚环和防止锚杆断裂弹射的锚杆支护装置及方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109751069B CN109751069B CN201910026998.5A CN201910026998A CN109751069B CN 109751069 B CN109751069 B CN 109751069B CN 201910026998 A CN201910026998 A CN 201910026998A CN 109751069 B CN109751069 B CN 109751069B
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- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000000149 penetrating Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- -1 ester compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007850 fluorescent dye Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 101700078171 KNTC1 Proteins 0.000 description 10
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-L oxalate Chemical compound 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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical means
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical means for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/24—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infra-red, visible light, ultra-violet
Abstract
一种变形吸能锚环和防止锚杆断裂弹射的锚杆支护装置及方法，尤其适用于软岩大变形巷道或需采用吸能让压支护的地段。将锚杆穿过开有对向孔的锚环，并通过托盘与螺母对岩体施加压力，阻止变形。当锚杆受力增大时，锚环在对向孔方向产生变形，从而起到吸能作用。利用锚环外侧对向布置的荧光带即可观测出锚环变形幅度，预判锚杆受力大小并对潜在部位的骤然破断起到警示作用。在锚环变形过大或者荧光范围过大时，将防弹射铁丝穿过锚杆尾部两个交叉布置的穿孔，并在铁丝网上拧紧固定。若锚杆在任一关键位置破断后，两个交叉布置的防弹射铁丝即可阻拦锚杆往巷道空间内的弹射，避免伤人。其结构简单，操作方便，经济成本低、安全可靠，效果好。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种锚杆支护装置及方法，尤其是一种适用于软岩大变形巷道或需采用吸能让压支护的地段、保护矿工安全的变形吸能锚环和防止锚杆断裂弹射的锚杆支护装置及方法。
背景技术
锚杆支护技术在我国煤矿支护领域起着极为重要的作用，具有明显的经济技术效益，因此被广泛推广应用。近年来，随着煤矿开采深度的增加，在很多矿井都能够遇到软岩大变形巷道或者具有岩爆等冲击倾向巷道，此类巷道原岩应力高，应力扰动复杂，且多数巷道要承受一次或者多次采掘扰动。当前多数工程倾向于采用密集支护、加长支护、超强支护等方案来应对这一问题，但是随之而来带来了成本升高，操作复杂，工期缓慢等一系列问题。
毋庸置疑的是，在上述工程技术背景下，锚杆支护技术仍旧具有较高的普遍适用性。为了应对并适应上述工程地质条件，近年来诸多国内外学者都提出：软岩高应力条件下或者具有冲击倾向的巷道支护要求支护构件具备一定的让压变形能力，要求支护构件能够适应岩体的变形。例如，我国何满潮院士所提出的恒阻大变形锚杆，还有挪威科技大学Charlie C. Li教授所提出的D型锚杆，这些锚杆在应用于软岩高应力巷道和冲击倾向巷道时都取得了非常理想的经济技术效果，具有非常广泛的影响力。
另外一方面，当锚杆受力超过自身强度时，将会发生锚杆突然断裂现象，从而在瞬间将产生很大的冲击力。这种冲击力源自岩体变形能量，岩体变形将这种能量集聚于锚杆杆体上，迫使后者在杆体上承受非常高的预拉力。在断裂的瞬间，岩体外部构件将会像“离弦的箭”或者“子弹”一样射向巷道开放空间，对开放空间内的作业人员和设备产生巨大伤害。不管是螺母弹射还是破断杆体弹射，都具有巨大安全隐患，我国淮南矿区、山东新汶矿区等每年由于巷道锚杆支护部件骤然弹射造成的设备损伤和人员伤亡事故时有发生。
针对上述问题，目前还没有一套健全的科学预警系统或措施。部分煤矿采用给锚杆尾部“带帽”或者“缠绕铁丝”的方式来阻止潜在断裂弹射，具有一定盲目性和不可预测性。而将所有锚杆支护系统都采用这一方式，则有些锚杆支护系统在巷道正常服役期间最终并未发生实际弹射，这样一来会造成作业时间长，拖慢掘进速度等问题。
发明内容
技术问题：本发明的目的是要克服现有技术中存在的不足之处，提供一种方法简单易操作、成本低、适应性强、能防止事故发生的变形吸能锚环和防止锚杆断裂弹射的锚杆支护装置及方法，尤其适用于软岩高应力巷道或具有冲击倾向巷道。
技术方案：本发明的变形吸能锚环和防止锚杆断裂弹射的锚杆支护装置，包括伸入钻孔内并经锚固剂固定的锚杆、依次布置在孔口外露锚杆上的铁丝网、托盘和螺母，在所述的锚杆尾部开设有两个间隔呈十字形交叉的锚杆尾端开孔，在托盘和螺母之间设有锚环，所述锚环上开有穿套在锚杆上的对向孔，锚环与托盘和螺母的接触端为平面，分别为锚环托盘端贴合面和锚环螺母端贴合面，锚环贴合面上下两侧的外圆弧面上分别敷设有两条荧光带。
所述的锚环的内径为90-110 mm，外径为120-140 mm，锚环沿着轴向方向的高度为30-50 mm，穿套在锚杆上的对向孔孔径为19-23 mm，锚环的对向孔分为锚环螺母端开孔和锚环托盘端开孔，对向孔孔内均套装有橡胶垫圈，分别为锚环螺母端开孔橡胶垫圈和锚环托盘端开孔橡胶垫圈。
所述锚环对向孔与托盘贴合一端锚环托盘端贴合面的宽度为50-60 mm，长度等同于锚环轴向方向的高度；与螺母贴合一端锚环螺母端贴合面的宽度为30-40 mm，长度等同于锚环轴向方向的高度。
所述的两条荧光带（3）对称设置，荧光带（3）沿着锚环外周敷设范围所对应锚环圆心角为90°，中心连线与锚环对向孔轴线相互垂直，每条荧光带内部分为内外两屋，内层为封装有酯类化合物和荧光染料的荧光带有机玻璃内层（3-1），外层为封装有过氧化物的荧光带外层（3-2），荧光带有机玻璃内层（3-1）位于中部。
所述的锚环由合金钢制成，屈服强度为180-200 MPa。
所述锚杆尾部开设有两个间隔呈十字形交叉的锚杆尾端开孔的孔径为3-5 mm，两个孔的间距为20-30 mm，其中外侧孔距离锚杆端头为10-30 mm。
一种使用上述装置的变形吸能锚环和防止锚杆断裂弹射的锚杆支护方法，包括在预定岩体位置按照既定规程钻孔、塞入锚固剂、钻进锚杆；具体支护步骤如下：
（1）将托盘压覆在钻孔孔口处的铁丝网上，检查锚环上对向孔的锚环螺母端开孔和锚环托盘端开孔内锚环螺母端开孔橡胶垫圈和锚环托盘端开孔橡胶垫圈的位置，检查荧光带的贴合固定情况，而后先将锚环的锚环托盘端贴合面一侧的锚环托盘端开孔穿入锚杆，再将与锚环螺母端贴合面一侧的锚环螺母端开孔穿入锚杆，将锚环压紧托盘；
（2）将螺母穿过锚杆尾部，拧紧在锚环上，按已有技术利用机具施加到规定的扭矩；
（3）观察锚环的变形，锚环变形时荧光带随之变形，锚环沿对向孔直径方向变形超过30%时，荧光带内中部的荧光带有机玻璃内层开始破裂，荧光带有机玻璃内层中的酯类化合物和荧光染料渗出与有机玻璃内层外的荧光带外层中的过氧化物发生反应，释放荧光；锚环变形越大，荧光带有机玻璃内层破裂范围越大，荧光显现强度越强，预示锚环承受应力越大，潜在发生锚杆断裂弹射概率就越大；
（4）当锚环在对向孔方向的变形超过三分之二时，或荧光带内荧光扩散范围超过荧光带长度三分之二时，分别用两根防弹射铁丝穿过锚杆尾部的穿孔，防弹射铁丝两端分别拧紧固定在托盘附近的铁丝网上，两根防弹射铁丝呈现十字形交叉分布状；
（5）当锚杆杆体应力达到承载极限而引发锚杆断裂时，无论是托盘、螺母的骤然弹射，还是锚环的骤然弹射，都将被十字形交叉分布的防弹射铁丝所阻拦。
有益效果：本发明尤其适用于软岩高应力巷道或具有冲击倾向巷道，具有变形吸能特性，适应岩体变形；能够预警锚杆支护系统关键部位的破断弹射，并及时采用措施，防止事故发生。与现有技术相比的优点：
1）具有变形吸能优势。通过采用在托盘与螺母之间增设锚环，锚环的屈服强度低于锚杆屈服强度，优先于锚杆产生变形。锚环在对向孔轴向方向上产生变形，能够变“不可缩支护”为“可缩支护”或“柔性支护”，增强了锚杆支护系统对岩体变形的适应性，协调了岩体变形与锚杆变形的不一致性，延缓了锚杆支护系统在过大岩体变形下的提前失效。此外，锚环的对向孔内均套有橡胶垫圈，避免了锚杆杆体与对向孔孔壁之间的硬接触，也避免了锚环在变形过程中对锚杆杆体产生应力集中。
2）具有破断弹射预警功能。锚环外壁对向固定的荧光带内部有过氧化物、酯类化合物和荧光染料，其中过氧化物为外层，酯类化合物和荧光染料通过有机玻璃包装为内层。荧光带随着锚环变形也变形，变形幅度超过有机玻璃弯曲极限时，内层液体与外层液体混合，产生荧光效应。锚环变形越大，有机玻璃破裂范围越大，荧光显现强度越强，预示锚环承受应力越大，潜在发生锚杆断裂弹射概率就越大。
（3）具有破断防弹射功能。当锚环在对向孔方向的变形超过三分之二时，或荧光带内荧光扩散范围超过荧光带长度三分之二时，分别用两根防弹射铁丝穿过锚杆尾部穿孔，并拧紧固定在托盘附近的铁丝网上。当锚杆杆体应力达到承载极限而引发锚杆断裂时，无论是托盘、螺母的骤然弹射，还是锚环、锚杆的骤然弹射，都能够被十字形交叉分布的防弹射铁丝所阻拦。能够提高井下人员和设备的安全性。依托于该锚环，无需在安设每根锚杆时都加装防弹射铁丝，只需要后期对具有弹射可能性的锚杆加装防弹射铁丝，从而提高施工工效。
（4）成本低，方法简单易操作，适应性强。
附图说明
图1是本发明实际应用时的剖面图；
图2是本发明实际应用时尾端的三维图；
图3是本发明中锚环在螺母贴合端的三维图；
图4是本发明中锚环在托盘贴合端的三维图；
图5是本发明实际应用中当锚环发生变形时的剖面图；
图6是本发明中图5的右视图。
1-锚杆，2-锚环，3-荧光带，4-螺母，5-锚杆尾端开孔，6-托盘，7-铁丝网，8-钻孔，9-锚固剂，10-岩体，11-防弹射铁丝。
2-1-锚环螺母端开孔，2-2-锚环螺母端开孔橡胶垫圈，2-3-锚环螺母端贴合面，2-4-锚环托盘端开孔，2-5-锚环托盘端开孔橡胶垫圈，2-6-锚环托盘端贴合面，3-1-荧光带有机玻璃内层，3-2-荧光带外层。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图中的实施例对本发明作进一步描述：
如图1所示，本发明的变形吸能锚环和防止锚杆断裂弹射的锚杆支护装置，包括伸入钻孔8内并经锚固剂9固定的锚杆1、依次布置在孔口外露锚杆1上的铁丝网7、托盘6和螺母4，在所述的锚杆1尾部开设有两个间隔呈十字形交叉的锚杆尾端开孔5，在托盘6和螺母4之间设有锚环2，所述锚环2上开有穿套在锚杆1上的对向孔，锚环2与托盘6和螺母4的接触端为平面，分别为锚锚环托盘端贴合面和环螺母端贴合面，锚环2贴合面上下两侧的外圆弧面上分别敷设有两条荧光带3。
所述的锚环2的内径为90-110 mm，外径为120-140 mm，锚环沿着轴向方向的高度为30-50 mm，穿套在锚杆1上的对向孔孔径为19-23 mm，锚环的对向孔分为锚环螺母端开孔2-1和锚环托盘端开孔2-4，对向孔孔内均套装有橡胶垫圈，分别为锚环螺母端开孔橡胶垫圈2-2和锚环托盘端开孔橡胶垫圈2-5。
所述锚环2对向孔与托盘6贴合一端锚环托盘端贴合面2-6的宽度为50-60 mm，长度等同于锚环轴向方向的高度；与螺母4贴合一端锚环螺母端贴合面2-3的宽度为30-40mm，长度等同于锚环轴向方向的高度。
所述的两条荧光带3对称设置，荧光带3沿着锚环外周敷设范围所对应锚环圆心角为90°，中心连线与锚环对向孔轴线相互垂直，每条荧光带内部分为内外两屋，内层为封装有酯类化合物和荧光染料的荧光带有机玻璃内层3-1，外层为封装有过氧化物的荧光带外层3-2，荧光带有机玻璃内层3-1位于中部。所述的酯类化合物采用双草酸酯，过氧化物为过氧化氢，两者混合后将释放能量，从而传递给荧光颜料分子，荧光染料而后以可见光的形式释放能量。
所述的锚环2由合金钢制成，屈服强度为180-200 MPa。
所述锚杆1尾部开设有两个间隔呈十字形交叉的锚杆尾端开孔5的孔径为3-5 mm，两个孔的间距为20-30 mm，其中外侧孔距离锚杆端头为10-30 mm。
本发明的变形吸能锚环和防止锚杆断裂弹射的锚杆支护方法，具体步骤如下：
1.预定岩体10的位置按照既定规程钻孔8，吹孔排除岩屑，塞入锚固剂9，钻进锚杆1；
2.将托盘6压覆在钻孔孔口处的铁丝网7上，检查锚环2上对向孔的锚环螺母端开孔2-1和锚环托盘端开孔2-4内锚环螺母端开孔橡胶垫圈2-2和锚环托盘端开孔橡胶垫圈2-5的位置，检查荧光带3的贴合固定情况，而后先将锚环2的锚环托盘端贴合面2-6一侧的锚环托盘端开孔2-4穿入锚杆1，再将锚环螺母端贴合面2-3一侧的锚环螺母端开孔2-1穿入锚杆，将锚环2压紧托盘；
3.将螺母4穿过锚杆尾部，拧紧在锚环上，并通过锚杆1尾部螺纹拧紧在锚环2上，利用施工机具施加到规定扭矩，锁紧螺母；
4.观察锚环2的变形，锚环变形时荧光带随之变形，锚环2沿对向孔直径方向的变形超过30％时，荧光带3内中部的荧光带有机玻璃内层3-1破裂，荧光带有机玻璃内层3-1中的酯类化合物和荧光染料渗出与荧光带外层3-2中的过氧化物发生反应，释放荧光；锚环2变形越大，荧光带有机玻璃内层3-1破裂范围越大，荧光显现强度越强，预示锚环2承受应力越大，潜在发生锚杆断裂弹射概率就越大；
5.当锚环2在对向孔方向的变形超过三分之二时，或荧光带3内荧光扩散范围超过荧光带长度三分之二时，分别用两根防弹射铁丝11穿过锚杆尾部的穿孔5，防弹射铁丝7两端分别拧紧固定在托盘附近的铁丝网7上，两根防弹射铁丝11呈现十字形交叉分布状；
6.当锚杆1杆体应力达到承载极限而引发锚杆断裂时，无论是托盘6、螺母4的骤然弹射，还是锚环2的骤然弹射，都将被十字形交叉分布的防弹射铁丝所阻拦，能够有效的保护井下设备与人员的安全。
Claims (6)
1.一种变形吸能锚环和防止锚杆断裂弹射的锚杆支护装置，包括伸入钻孔（8）内并经锚固剂（9）固定的锚杆（1）、依次布置在孔口外露锚杆（1）上的铁丝网（7）、托盘（6）和螺母（4），其特征在于：在所述的锚杆（1）尾部开设有两个间隔呈十字形交叉的锚杆尾端开孔（5），在托盘（6）和螺母（4）之间设有锚环（2），所述锚环（2）上开有穿套在锚杆（1）上的对向孔，锚环（2）与托盘（6）和螺母（4）的接触端为平面，分别为锚环托盘端贴合面（2-6）和锚环螺母端贴合面（2-3），锚环（2）贴合面上下两侧的外圆弧面上分别敷设有两条荧光带（3）；所述的两条荧光带（3）对称设置，荧光带（3）沿着锚环外周敷设范围所对应锚环圆心角为90°，中心连线与锚环对向孔轴线相互垂直，每条荧光带内部分为内外两层，内层为封装有酯类化合物和荧光染料的荧光带有机玻璃内层（3-1），外层为封装有过氧化物的荧光带外层（3-2），荧光带有机玻璃内层（3-1）位于中部。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种变形吸能锚环和防止锚杆断裂弹射的锚杆支护装置，其特征在于：所述的锚环（2）的内径为90-110 mm，外径为120-140 mm，锚环沿着轴向方向的高度为30-50 mm，穿套在锚杆（1）上的对向孔孔径为19-23 mm，锚环的对向孔分为锚环螺母端开孔（2-1）和锚环托盘端开孔（2-4），对向孔孔内均套装有橡胶垫圈，分别为锚环螺母端开孔橡胶垫圈（2-2）和锚环托盘端开孔橡胶垫圈（2-5）。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种变形吸能锚环和防止锚杆断裂弹射的锚杆支护装置，其特征在于：所述锚环（2）对向孔与托盘（6）贴合一端锚环托盘端贴合面（2-6）的宽度为50-60 mm，长度等同于锚环轴向方向的高度；与螺母（4）贴合一端锚环螺母端贴合面（2-3）的宽度为30-40 mm，长度等同于锚环轴向方向的高度。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种变形吸能锚环和防止锚杆断裂弹射的锚杆支护装置，其特征在于：所述的锚环（2）由合金钢制成，屈服强度为180-200 MPa。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种变形吸能锚环和防止锚杆断裂弹射的锚杆支护装置，其特征在于：所述锚杆（1）尾部开设有两个间隔呈十字形交叉的锚杆尾端开孔（5）的孔径为3-5 mm，两个孔的间距为20-30 mm，其中外侧孔距离锚杆端头为10-30 mm。
6.一种使用权利要求1所述装置的变形吸能锚环和防止锚杆断裂弹射的锚杆支护方法，包括在预定岩体位置按照既定规程钻孔、塞入锚固剂、钻进锚杆；其特征在于，具体支护步骤如下：
（1）将托盘（6）压覆在钻孔孔口处的铁丝网（7）上，检查锚环（2）上对向孔的锚环螺母端开孔（2-1）和锚环托盘端开孔（2-4）内锚环螺母端开孔橡胶垫圈（2-2）和锚环托盘端开孔橡胶垫圈（2-5）的位置，检查荧光带（3）的贴合固定情况，而后先将锚环（2）的锚环托盘端贴合面（2-6）一侧的锚环托盘端开孔（2-4）穿入锚杆（1），再将与锚环螺母端贴合面（2-3）一侧的锚环螺母端开孔（2-1）穿入锚杆（1），将锚环（2）压紧托盘（6）；
（2）将螺母（4）穿过锚杆尾部，拧紧在锚环（2）上，按已有技术利用机具施加到规定的扭矩；
（3）观察锚环（2）的变形，锚环（2）变形时荧光带（3）随之变形，锚环（2）沿对向孔直径方向变形超过30%时，荧光带（3）内的荧光带有机玻璃内层（3-1）开始破裂，荧光带有机玻璃内层（3-1）中的酯类化合物和荧光染料渗出与有机玻璃外的荧光带外层（3-2）中的过氧化物发生反应，释放荧光；锚环（2）变形越大，荧光带有机玻璃内层（3-1）破裂范围越大，荧光显现强度越强，预示锚环（2）承受应力越大，潜在发生锚杆断裂弹射概率就越大；
（4）当锚环（2）在对向孔方向的变形超过三分之二时，或荧光带（3）内荧光扩散范围超过荧光带长度三分之二时，分别用两根防弹射铁丝穿过锚杆尾部的穿孔，防弹射铁丝两端分别拧紧固定在托盘附近的铁丝网上，两根防弹射铁丝呈现十字形交叉分布状；
（5）当锚杆杆体应力达到承载极限而引发锚杆断裂时，无论是托盘（6）、螺母（4）的骤然弹射，还是锚环（2）的骤然弹射，都将被十字形交叉分布的防弹射铁丝所阻拦。
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| CN112956435A (zh) * | 2021-01-26 | 2021-06-15 | 石岩 | 一种基于海洋牧场海洋生物养殖的养殖防护装置 |
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| CN205689228U (zh) * | 2016-06-06 | 2016-11-16 | 贵州理工学院 | 一种让压锚索 |
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| CN206928960U (zh) * | 2017-05-26 | 2018-01-26 | 中铁十四局集团第二工程有限公司 | 一种多级让压警示锚杆 |
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| CN108397220A (zh) * | 2018-03-23 | 2018-08-14 | 李海斌 | 一种锚索防射及监测装置 |
| CN208310828U (zh) * | 2018-06-11 | 2019-01-01 | 万晓伟 | 一种防锚索脱落装置 |
| CN109751069B (zh) * | 2019-01-11 | 2020-01-10 | 中国矿业大学 | 一种变形吸能锚环和防止锚杆断裂弹射的锚杆支护装置及方法 |
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